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Zhu X, Jia Z, Zhou Y, Wu J, Cao M, Hu C, Yu L, Chen Z. Current advances in the pain treatment and mechanisms of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Phytother Res 2024. [PMID: 39031847 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), as a unique medical model in China, has been shown to be effective in the treatment of many diseases. It has been proven that TCM can increase the pain threshold, increase the level of endorphins and enkephalins in the body, and reduce the body's response to adverse stimuli. In recent years, TCM scholars have made valuable explorations in the field of pain treatment, using methods such as internal and external application of TCM and acupuncture to carry out research on pain treatment and have achieved more satisfactory results. TCM treats pain in a variety of ways, and with the discovery of a variety of potential bioactive substances for pain treatment. With the new progress in the research of other TCM treatment methods for pain, TCM will have greater potential in the clinical application of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhuolin Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ye Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Mayijie Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Changjiang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingying Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhimin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Zhang W, Zhang X, Lei M, Zhang D, Qin G, Zhou J, Ji L, Chen L. Dopamine D2 Receptor Activation Blocks GluA2/ROS Positive Feedback Loop to Alienate Chronic-Migraine-Associated Pain Sensitization. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:725. [PMID: 38929165 PMCID: PMC11201052 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic migraine is a disabling disorder without effective therapeutic medicine. AMPA receptors have been proven to be essential to pathological pain and headaches, but the related regulatory mechanisms in chronic migraine have not yet been explored. In this study, we found that the level of surface GluA2 was reduced in chronic migraine rats. Tat-GluR23Y (a GluA2 endocytosis inhibitor) reduced calcium inward flow and weakened synaptic structures, thus alleviating migraine-like pain sensitization. In addition, the inhibition of GluA2 endocytosis reduced the calcium influx and alleviated mitochondrial calcium overload and ROS generation in primary neurons. Furthermore, our results showed that ROS can induce allodynia and GluA2 endocytosis in rats, thus promoting migraine-like pain sensitization. In our previous study, the dopamine D2 receptor was identified as a potential target in the treatment of chronic migraine, and here we found that dopamine D2 receptor activation suppressed chronic-migraine-related pain sensitization through blocking the GluA2/ROS positive feedback loop in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, ligustrazine, a core component of ligusticum chuanxiong, was shown to target the dopamine D2 receptor, thereby alleviating ROS production and abnormal nociception in CM rats. This study provides valuable insight into the treatment of chronic migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Laboratory Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (W.Z.); (G.Q.)
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China; (X.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Ming Lei
- Laboratory Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (W.Z.); (G.Q.)
| | - Dunke Zhang
- Laboratory Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (W.Z.); (G.Q.)
| | - Guangcheng Qin
- Laboratory Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (W.Z.); (G.Q.)
| | - Jiying Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China; (X.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Lichun Ji
- Department of Respiration, The Thirteenth People’s Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Lixue Chen
- Laboratory Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (W.Z.); (G.Q.)
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Chen H, Deng C, Meng Z, Zhu M, Yang R, Yuan J, Meng S. Combined Catalpol and Tetramethylpyrazine Promote Axonal Plasticity in Alzheimer's Disease by Inducing Astrocytes to Secrete Exosomes Carrying CDK5 mRNA and Regulating STAT3 Phosphorylation. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04251-z. [PMID: 38789892 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04251-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common progressive degenerative disease of the central nervous system in aging populations. This study aimed to investigate the effects of combined catalpol and tetramethylpyrazine (CT) in promoting axonal plasticity in AD and the potential underlying mechanism. Astrocytes were treated with different concentrations of compatible CT. Exosomes were collected and subjected to sequencing analysis, which was followed by the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis of differentially expressed genes. Amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1 (APP/PS1) double-transfected male mice were used as the in vivo AD models. Astrocyte-derived exosomes that were transfected with cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) or CT treatment were injected into the tail vein of mice. The levels of CDK5, synaptic plasticity marker protein neurofilament 200 (NF200), and growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43) in the hippocampus of mice were compared in each group. Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the localization of STAT3 and to visualize synaptic morphology via β-tubulin-III (TUBB3). Astrocyte-derived exosomes transfected with siCDK5 or treated with CT were co-cultured with HT-22 cells, which were untransfected or silenced for signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Amyloid β-protein (Aβ)1-42 was induced in the in vitro AD models. The viability, apoptosis, and expression levels of NF200 and GAP-43 proteins in the hippocampal neurons of each group were compared. In total, 166 differentially expressed genes in CT-induced astrocyte-derived exosomes were included in the KEGG analysis, and they were found to be enriched in 12 pathways, mainly in axon guidance. CT treatment significantly increased the level of CDK5 mRNA in astrocyte-derived exosomes-these exosomes restored CDK5 mRNA and protein levels in the hippocampus of the in vivo AD model mice and the in vitro AD model; promoted p-STAT3 (Ser727), NF200 and GAP-43 proteins; and promoted the regeneration and extension of neuronal synapses. Silencing of CDK5 blocked both neuronal protection as well as induction of axonal plasticity in AD by CT-treated exosomes in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, silencing of STAT3 blocked both neuronal protection as well as induction of axonal plasticity in AD caused by CDK5 overexpression or CT-treated astrocyte-induced exosomes. CT promotes axonal plasticity in AD by inducing astrocytes to secrete exosomes carrying CDK5 mRNA and regulating STAT3 (Ser727) phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huize Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,Xuhui District, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Chujun Deng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,Xuhui District, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Zeyu Meng
- Second Clinical Medicine College of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Mengting Zhu
- Graduate School of Jiangxi, University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Ruoyu Yang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,Xuhui District, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Shengxi Meng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,Xuhui District, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
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Rao Y, Li J, Qiao R, Luo J, Liu Y. Synergistic effects of tetramethylpyrazine and astragaloside IV on spinal cord injury via alteration of astrocyte A1/A2 polarization through the Sirt1-NF-κB pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 131:111686. [PMID: 38461631 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Reactive astrocytes are hallmarks of traumatic spinal cord injury (T-SCI) and are associated with neuropathic pain (NP). Mediating the functional phenotype of reactive astrocytes helps neural repair and ameliorates NP in T-SCI. Here, we aimed to explore the role of tetramethylpyrazine (TMPZ) and astragaloside IV (AGS-IV) in astrocyte polarization and the underlying molecular mechanism in T-SCI. METHODS Primary cultured astrocytes from mice were treated with LPS or conditioned medium from "M1" polarized microglia (M1-CM), followed by TMPZ and/or AGS-IV administration. The expression levels of "A1" astrocyte-specific markers (including C3, GBP2, Serping1, iNOS), "A2" astrocyte-specific markers (including S100a10 and PTX3), Sirt1 and NF-κB were detected via western blotting. TNF-α and IL-1β levels were detected via ELISA. RT-PCR was used to evaluate OIP5-AS1 and miR-34a expression. si-OIP5-AS1 or the Sirt1 inhibitor EX-527 was administered to astrocytes. A spinal cord injury (SCI) model was constructed in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Alterations in astrocytic "A1/A2" polarization in the spinal cord tissues were evaluated. RESULTS LPS and M1-CM induced "A1" polarization of primary astrocytes. TMPZ and ASG IV could substantially reduce the expression of "A1"-related biomarkers but enhance "A2"-related biomarkers. OIP5-AS1 and Sirt1 levels were reduced in "A1"-polarized astrocytes, while miR-34a and p-NF-κB p65 were elevated. TMPZ and ASG IV enhanced OIP5-AS1 and Sirt1 levels and, in contrast, attenuated the changes in miR-34a and p-NF-κB p65 levels. Notably, the TMPZ and ASG IV combination had stronger effects on astrocyte polarization than the single treatment with TMPZ or ASG IV. OIP5-AS1 knockdown and Sirt1 inhibition both reversed the regulatory effects of TMPZ and ASG IV in astrocytic polarization. According to the in vivo experiments, the expression of "A1"-associated markers was enhanced in the spinal cords of SCI rats. The TMPZ and ASG IV combination reduced astrocytic "A1" polarization and enhanced astrocytic "A2" polarization. The expression of lncRNA OIP5-AS1 and Sirt1 was enhanced by TMPZ and ASG IV, while that of miR-34a and p-NF-κB p65 was inhibited. CONCLUSION The combination of TMPZ and ASG IV can ameliorate dysregulated astrocytic polarization induced by spinal cord injury by affecting the lncRNA OIP5-AS1-Sirt1-NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaojian Rao
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China.
| | - Junjie Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Ruofei Qiao
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Jinxin Luo
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
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Liu MC, Guo QF, Zhang WW, Luo HL, Zhang WJ, Hu HJ. Olfactory ensheathing cells as candidate cells for chronic pain treatment. J Chem Neuroanat 2024; 137:102413. [PMID: 38492895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2024.102413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Chronic pain is often accompanied by tissue damage and pain hypersensitivity. It easily relapses and is challenging to cure, which seriously affects the patients' quality of life and is an urgent problem to be solved. Current treatment methods primarily rely on morphine drugs, which do not address the underlying nerve injury and may cause adverse reactions. Therefore, in recent years, scientists have shifted their focus from chronic pain treatment to cell transplantation. This review describes the classification and mechanism of chronic pain through the introduction of the characteristics of olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), an in-depth discussion of special glial cells through the phagocytosis of nerve debris, receptor-ligand interactions, providing nutrition, and other inhibition of neuroinflammation, and ultimately supporting axon regeneration and mitigation of chronic pain. This review summarizes the potential and limitations of OECs for treating chronic pain by objectively analyzing relevant clinical trials and methods to enhance efficacy and future development prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Chen Liu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, China
| | - Qing-Fa Guo
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, China
| | - Wei-Wei Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, China
| | - Hong-Liang Luo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wen-Jun Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hai-Jun Hu
- Anesthesiology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
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Dai XY, Liu L, Song FH, Gao SJ, Wu JY, Li DY, Zhang LQ, Liu DQ, Zhou YQ, Mei W. Matrix metalloproteinases as attractive therapeutic targets for chronic pain: A narrative review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129619. [PMID: 38272407 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Chronic pain constitutes an abnormal pain state that detrimentally affects the quality of life, daily activities, occupational performance, and stability of mood. Despite the prevalence of chronic pain, effective drugs with potent abirritation and minimal side effects remain elusive. Substantial studies have revealed aberrant activation of the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in multiple chronic pain models. Additionally, emerging evidence has demonstrated that the downregulation of MMPs can alleviate chronic pain in diverse animal models, underscoring the unique and crucial role of MMPs in different stages and types of chronic pain. This review delves into the mechanistic insights and roles of MMPs in modulating chronic pain. The aberrant activation of MMPs has been linked to neuropathic pain through mechanisms involving myelin abnormalities in peripheral nerve and spinal dorsal horn (SDH), hyperexcitability of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, activation of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDAR) and Ca2+-dependent signals, glial cell activation, and proinflammatory cytokines release. Different MMPs also contribute significantly to inflammatory pain and cancer pain. Furthermore, we summarized the substantial therapeutic potential of MMP pharmacological inhibitors across different types of chronic pain. Overall, our findings underscore the promising therapeutic prospects of MMPs targeting for managing chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yi Dai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Wuhan, China; Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Wuhan, China; Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Wuhan, China
| | - Fan-He Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Wuhan, China; Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Wuhan, China
| | - Shao-Jie Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Wuhan, China; Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia-Yi Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Wuhan, China; Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan-Yang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Wuhan, China; Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Wuhan, China
| | - Long-Qing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Wuhan, China; Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Wuhan, China
| | - Dai-Qiang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Wuhan, China; Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Wuhan, China
| | - Ya-Qun Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Wuhan, China; Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Wuhan, China.
| | - Wei Mei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Wuhan, China; Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Wuhan, China.
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Wang C, Xu Y, Xu M, Sun C, Zhang X, Tao X, Song T. SPOCK2 modulates neuropathic pain by interacting with MT1-MMP to regulate astrocytic MMP-2 activation in rats with chronic constriction injury. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:57. [PMID: 38388415 PMCID: PMC10885439 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03051-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropathic pain (NP) is a kind of intractable pain. The pathogenesis of NP remains a complicated issue for pain management practitioners. SPARC/osteonectin, CWCV, and Kazal-like domains proteoglycan 2 (SPOCK2) are members of the SPOCK family that play a significant role in the development of the central nervous system. In this study, we investigated the role of SPOCK2 in the development of NP in a rat model of chronic constriction injury (CCI). METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly grouped to establish CCI models. We examined the effects of SPOCK2 on pain hpersensitivity and spinal astrocyte activation after CCI-induced NP. Paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) and paw withdrawal latency (PWL) were used to reflects the pain behavioral degree. Molecular mechanisms involved in SPOCK2-mediated NP in vivo were examined by western blot analysis, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, and co-immunoprecipitation. In addition, we examined the SPOCK2-mediated potential protein-protein interaction (PPI) in vitro coimmunoprecipitation (Co-IP) experiments. RESULTS We founded the expression level of SPOCK2 in rat spinal cord was markedly increased after CCI-induced NP, while SPOCK2 downregulation could partially relieve pain caused by CCI. Our research showed that SPOCK2 expressed significantly increase in spinal astrocytes when CCI-induced NP. In addition, SPOCK2 could act as an upstream signaling molecule to regulate the activation of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), thus affecting astrocytic ERK1/2 activation and interleukin (IL)-1β production in the development of NP. Moreover, in vitro coimmunoprecipitation (Co-IP) experiments showed that SPOCK2 could interact with membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP/MMP14) to regulate MMP-2 activation by the SPARC extracellular (SPARC_EC) domain. CONCLUSIONS Research shows that SPOCK2 can interact with MT1-MMP to regulate MMP-2 activation, thus affecting astrocytic ERK1/2 activation and IL-1β production to achieve positive promotion of NP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Wang
- Department of Pain, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Yitong Xu
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Miao Xu
- Department of Pain, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Cong Sun
- Department of Pain, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Xiaojiao Zhang
- Department of Pain, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Xueshu Tao
- Department of Pain, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Tao Song
- Department of Pain, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.
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Feng F, Xu DQ, Yue SJ, Chen YY, Tang YP. Neuroprotection by tetramethylpyrazine and its synthesized analogues for central nervous system diseases: a review. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:159. [PMID: 38252346 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09068-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the global increase in aging populations and changes in modern lifestyles, the prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases, cerebrovascular disorders, neuropsychiatrcic conditions, and related ailments is rising, placing an increasing burden on the global public health system. MATERIALS AND METHODS All studies on tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) and its derivatives were obtained from reputable sources such as PubMed, Elsevier, Library Genesis, and Google Scholar. Comprehensive data on TMP and its derivatives was meticulously compiled. RESULTS This comprehensive analysis explains the neuroprotective effects demonstrated by TMP and its derivatives in diseases of the central nervous system. These compounds exert their influence on various targets and signaling pathways, playing crucial roles in the development of various central nervous system diseases. Their multifaceted mechanisms include inhibiting oxidative damage, inflammation, cell apoptosis, calcium overload, glutamate excitotoxicity, and acetylcholinesterase activity. CONCLUSION This review provides a brief summary of the most recent advancements in research on TMP and its derivatives in the context of central nervous system diseases. It involves synthesizing analogs of TMP and evaluating their effectiveness in models of central nervous system diseases. The ultimate goal is to facilitate the practical application of TMP and its derivatives in the future treatment of central nervous system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Ding-Qiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China.
| | - Shi-Jun Yue
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan-Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu-Ping Tang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China.
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9
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Cash A, de Jager C, Brickler T, Soliman E, Ladner L, Kaloss AM, Zhu Y, Pridham KJ, Mills J, Ju J, Basso EKG, Chen M, Johnson Z, Sotiropoulos Y, Wang X, Xie H, Matson JB, Marvin EA, Theus MH. Endothelial deletion of EPH receptor A4 alters single-cell profile and Tie2/Akap12 signaling to preserve blood-brain barrier integrity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2204700120. [PMID: 37796990 PMCID: PMC10576133 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2204700120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurobiological consequences of traumatic brain injury (TBI) result from a complex interplay of secondary injury responses and sequela that mediates chronic disability. Endothelial cells are important regulators of the cerebrovascular response to TBI. Our work demonstrates that genetic deletion of endothelial cell (EC)-specific EPH receptor A4 (EphA4) using conditional EphA4f/f/Tie2-Cre and EphA4f/f/VE-Cadherin-CreERT2 knockout (KO) mice promotes blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and tissue protection, which correlates with improved motor function and cerebral blood flow recovery following controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury. scRNAseq of capillary-derived KO ECs showed increased differential gene expression of BBB-related junctional and actin cytoskeletal regulators, namely, A-kinase anchor protein 12, Akap12, whose presence at Tie2 clustering domains is enhanced in KO microvessels. Transcript and protein analysis of CCI-injured whole cortical tissue or cortical-derived ECs suggests that EphA4 limits the expression of Cldn5, Akt, and Akap12 and promotes Ang2. Blocking Tie2 using sTie2-Fc attenuated protection and reversed Akap12 mRNA and protein levels cortical-derived ECs. Direct stimulation of Tie2 using Vasculotide, angiopoietin-1 memetic peptide, phenocopied the neuroprotection. Finally, we report a noteworthy rise in soluble Ang2 in the sera of individuals with acute TBI, highlighting its promising role as a vascular biomarker for early detection of BBB disruption. These findings describe a contribution of the axon guidance molecule, EphA4, in mediating TBI microvascular dysfunction through negative regulation of Tie2/Akap12 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Cash
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA24061
| | - Caroline de Jager
- Translational Biology Medicine and Health Graduate Program, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA24061
| | - Thomas Brickler
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA24061
| | - Eman Soliman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA24061
| | - Liliana Ladner
- Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA24016
| | - Alexandra M. Kaloss
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA24061
| | - Yumeng Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA24061
| | - Kevin J. Pridham
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA24061
| | - Jatia Mills
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA24061
| | - Jing Ju
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA24061
| | | | - Michael Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA24061
| | - Zachary Johnson
- Genetics, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA24061
- Epigenomics and Computational Biology Lab, Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA24061
| | - Yianni Sotiropoulos
- Summer Veterinary Student Research Program, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA24061
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA24061
| | - Hehuang Xie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA24061
- Genetics, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA24061
- Epigenomics and Computational Biology Lab, Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA24061
- Center for Engineered Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA24061
| | - John B. Matson
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA24061
| | - Eric A. Marvin
- Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA24016
| | - Michelle H. Theus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA24061
- Summer Veterinary Student Research Program, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA24061
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10
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Hu Y, Liu J, Zhuang R, Zhang C, Lin F, Wang J, Peng S, Zhang W. Progress in Pathological and Therapeutic Research of HIV-Related Neuropathic Pain. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:3343-3373. [PMID: 37470889 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01389-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
HIV-related neuropathic pain (HRNP) is a neurodegeneration that gradually develops during the long-term course of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and manifests as abnormal sock/sleeve-like symmetrical pain and nociceptive hyperalgesia in the extremities, which seriously reduces patient quality of life. To date, the pathogenesis of HRNP is not completely clear. There is a lack of effective clinical treatment for HRNP and it is becoming a challenge and hot spot for medical research. In this study, we conducted a systematic review of the progress of HRNP research in recent years including (1) the etiology, classification and clinical symptoms of HRNP, (2) the establishment of HRNP pathological models, (3) the pathological mechanisms underlying HRNP from three aspects: molecules, signaling pathways and cells, (4) the therapeutic strategies for HRNP, and (5) the limitations of recent HRNP research and the future research directions and prospects of HRNP. This detailed review provides new and systematic insight into the pathological mechanism of HRNP, which establishes a theoretical basis for the future exploitation of novel target drugs. HIV infection, antiretroviral therapy and opioid abuse contribute to the etiology of HRNP with symmetrical pain in both hands and feet, allodynia and hyperalgesia. The pathogenesis involves changes in cytokine expression, activation of signaling pathways and neuronal cell states. The therapy for HRNP should be patient-centered, integrating pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatments into multimodal intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- YanLing Hu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - JinHong Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Renjie Zhuang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO, 80210, USA
| | - Fei Lin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Rongjun Hospital, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sha Peng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenping Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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11
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Activation of the High-Affinity Choline Transporter 1 in the Spinal Cord Relieves Stress-Induced Hyperalgesia. Dig Dis Sci 2023; 68:2414-2426. [PMID: 36808325 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-022-07765-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanism underlying irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a common disease with hyperalgesia, remains elusive. The spinal cholinergic system is involved in pain modulation, but its role in IBS is unknown. AIMS To determine whether high-affinity choline transporter 1 (CHT1, a major determinant of the cholinergic signaling capacity), is implicated in spinal modulation of stress-induced hyperalgesia. METHODS A rat IBS model was established by water avoidance stress (WAS). Visceral sensations were detected by abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) and visceromotor response (VMR) to colorectal distension (CRD). Abdominal mechanical sensitivity was determined by von Frey filaments (VFFs) test. RT-PCR, Western blot, and immunostaining were performed for spinal CHT1 expression. Spinal acetylcholine (ACh) was measured by ELISA; the influence of spinal CHT1 on hyperalgesia were evaluated by intrathecal administration of MKC-231 (a choline uptake enhancer) and hemicholinium-3 (HC-3, a specific inhibitor of CHT1). Minocycline treatment was used to explore the role of spinal microglia in hyperalgesia. RESULTS After 10 days of WAS, AWR scores and VMR magnitude to CRD, and the number of withdrawal events in VFF test were increased. Double-labeling showed that CHT1 in the dorsal horn was expressed in most of the neurons and almost all the microglia. The CHT1 expression and ACh levels in the spinal cord and the density of CHT1-positive cell in the spinal dorsal horn were enhanced in WAS-exposed rats. HC-3 enhanced pain responses in WAS rats; MKC-231 alleviated pain in WAS rats by upregulating CHT1 expression and increasing ACh production in the spinal cord. Furthermore, microglial activation in the spinal dorsal horn promoted the stress-induced hyperalgesia, and MKC-231 achieved analgesic effects by inhibiting the spinal microglial activation. CONCLUSIONS CHT1 exerts antinociceptive effects in spinal modulation of chronic stress-induced hyperalgesia by increasing ACh synthesis and suppressing microglial activation. MKC-231 has potential for treating disorders accompanied by hyperalgesia.
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12
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Rao Y, Li J, Qiao R, Luo J, Liu Y. Tetramethylpyrazine and Astragaloside IV have synergistic effects against spinal cord injury-induced neuropathic pain via the OIP5-AS1/miR-34a/Sirt1/NF-κB axis. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 115:109546. [PMID: 36577153 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both Tetramethylpyrazine (TMPZ) and Astragaloside IV (AGS-IV) can ameliorate neuronal apoptosis and neuroinflammation in CNS diseases. This study revolves around the underlying mechanism of TMPZ and AGS-IV in spinal cord injury (SCI)-associated neuropathic pain (NP). MATERIALS AND METHODS An in-vivo NP model was constructed in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats via SCI. qRT-PCR was employed to detect OIP5-AS1 and miR-34a. The paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) and paw withdrawal latency (PWL) of the rats were evaluated. Neuronal apoptosis in the spinal cord of rats was examined by Nissl staining and TUNEL staining. The interactions between OIP5-AS1 and miR-34a as well as miR-34a and Sirt1 were investigated through dual luciferase assay and RIP assay. The protein expressions of Bad, Bax, Caspase-3, iNOS, COX2, NF-κB, and Sirt1 were examined by western blot. RESULTS TMPZ and AGS-IV combination relieved behavioral symptoms of neuropathic pain in the SCI rat model, enhanced the levels of OIP5-AS1 and Sirt1, and lowered the profile of miR-34a. OIP5-AS1 downregulation weakened the neuroprotective function of TMPZ and AGS-IV in SCI rats and reversed their anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects on LPS-elicited primary spinal cord neurons. miR-34a was identified as a target of OIP5-AS1. Upregulated miR-34a partly abated the protective functions of TMPZ and AGS-IV in primary spinal cord neurons. Additionally, miR-34a targeted and repressed Sirt1, thus activating the NF-κB pathway and inflammatory reactions. Sirt1 inhibition reduced the protective effects mediated by OIP5-AS1. CONCLUSION TMPZ and AGS-IV ameliorate SCI-elicited NP via the OIP5-AS1/miR-34a/Sirt1/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaojian Rao
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China.
| | - Junjie Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Ruofei Qiao
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Jinxin Luo
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
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13
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Chen YL, Feng XL, Cheung CW, Liu JA. Mode of action of astrocytes in pain: From the spinal cord to the brain. Prog Neurobiol 2022; 219:102365. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2022.102365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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14
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Yu M, Ye F, Ma C, Jin X, Ji H, Wang D, Yang Y, Zhu C, Tang Z. Ligustrazine mitigates chronic venous disease-induced pain hyperalgesia through desensitization of inflammation-associated TRPA1 activity in DRG. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 298:115667. [PMID: 36030028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ligustrazine, an important active ingredient extracted from Ligusticum chuanxiong hort, has been widely used to cure cardiovascular diseases and exerts an analgesic effect. AIMS OF THIS STUDY The aim of this study is to investigate whether ligustrazine mitigates chronic venous disease (CVeD)-induced pain and to explore its underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS A mouse model of CVeD was established by vein ligature. Ligustrazine was administered intraperitoneally to CVeD mice for a single injection (20 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 200 mg/kg) or once a day for three weeks (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg), and TRPA1 overexpressed HEK 293 cells were treated with ligustrazine (600 μM) in the presence of mustard oil (100 μM) for 2 min. Patch clamp and calcium imaging were used to measure the inhibitory response of ligustrazine on DRG neurons and TRPA1 transfected HEK293 cells. RESULTS The present results showed that mice receiving vein ligature surgery exhibited obvious pain hypersensitivity to mechanical, cold and thermal stimuli, whereas ligustrazine significantly reversed the pain hyperalgesia in CVeD mice. Furthermore, ligustrazine desensitized transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) activity in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, resulting in suppressing the DRG neuronal excitability in the CVeD mice. However, ligustrazine could not directly inhibit the response of TRPA1 transfected HEK293 cells to mustard oil. Strikingly, ligustrazine restricted the macrophage infiltration and decreased the mRNA levels of Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) in the DRG neurons of the CVeD mice. CONCLUSIONS The present study provided evidence that ligustrazine alleviated pain hypersensitivity to mechanical, cold and thermal stimuli in CVeD mice. Ligustrazine could weaken the activity of TRPA1 in the DRG to mitigate CVeD-induced pain hyperalgesia mainly through inhibition of inflammation. Our findings identify that ligustrazine may be a new therapeutic agent for the treatment of CVeD-induced pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yu
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China; Department of Pharmacy, Taizhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Taizhou, Jiangsu, 225300, China
| | - Fan Ye
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Chao Ma
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Xiang Jin
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Haiwang Ji
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Dijun Wang
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Yan Yang
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Chan Zhu
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Zongxiang Tang
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China.
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15
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Cheng T, Xu Z, Ma X. The role of astrocytes in neuropathic pain. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1007889. [PMID: 36204142 PMCID: PMC9530148 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1007889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain, whose symptoms are characterized by spontaneous and irritation-induced painful sensations, is a condition that poses a global burden. Numerous neurotransmitters and other chemicals play a role in the emergence and maintenance of neuropathic pain, which is strongly correlated with common clinical challenges, such as chronic pain and depression. However, the mechanism underlying its occurrence and development has not yet been fully elucidated, thus rendering the use of traditional painkillers, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications and opioids, relatively ineffective in its treatment. Astrocytes, which are abundant and occupy the largest volume in the central nervous system, contribute to physiological and pathological situations. In recent years, an increasing number of researchers have claimed that astrocytes contribute indispensably to the occurrence and progression of neuropathic pain. The activation of reactive astrocytes involves a variety of signal transduction mechanisms and molecules. Signal molecules in cells, including intracellular kinases, channels, receptors, and transcription factors, tend to play a role in regulating post-injury pain once they exhibit pathological changes. In addition, astrocytes regulate neuropathic pain by releasing a series of mediators of different molecular weights, actively participating in the regulation of neurons and synapses, which are associated with the onset and general maintenance of neuropathic pain. This review summarizes the progress made in elucidating the mechanism underlying the involvement of astrocytes in neuropathic pain regulation.
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16
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Tetramethylpyrazine: A review on its mechanisms and functions. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:113005. [PMID: 35483189 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort (known as Chuanxiong in China, CX) is one of the most widely used and long-standing medicinal herbs in China. Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) is an alkaloid and one of the active components of CX. Over the past few decades, TMP has been proven to possess several pharmacological properties. It has been used to treat a variety of diseases with excellent therapeutic effects. Here, the pharmacological characteristics and molecular mechanism of TMP in recent years are reviewed, with an emphasis on the signal-regulation mechanism of TMP. This review shows that TMP has many physiological functions, including anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptosis properties; autophagy regulation; vasodilation; angiogenesis regulation; mitochondrial damage suppression; endothelial protection; reduction of proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells; and neuroprotection. At present, TMP is used in treating cardiovascular, nervous, and digestive system conditions, cancer, and other conditions and has achieved good curative effects. The therapeutic mechanism of TMP involves multiple targets, multiple pathways, and bidirectional regulation. TMP is, thus, a promising drug with great research potential.
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17
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Jiang W, Tang M, Yang L, Zhao X, Gao J, Jiao Y, Li T, Tie C, Gao T, Han Y, Jiang JD. Analgesic Alkaloids Derived From Traditional Chinese Medicine in Pain Management. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:851508. [PMID: 35620295 PMCID: PMC9127080 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.851508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is one of the most prevalent health problems. The establishment of chronic pain is complex. Current medication for chronic pain mainly dependent on anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants and opioidergic drugs. However, they have limited therapeutic efficacy, and some even with severe side effects. We turned our interest into alkaloids separated from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), that usually act on multiple drug targets. In this article, we introduced the best-studied analgesic alkaloids derived from TCM, including tetrahydropalmatine, aloperine, oxysophocarpine, matrine, sinomenine, ligustrazine, evodiamine, brucine, tetrandrine, Stopholidine, and lappaconitine, focusing on their mechanisms and potential clinical applications. To better describe the mechanism of these alkaloids, we adopted the concept of drug-cloud (dCloud) theory. dCloud illustrated the full therapeutic spectrum of multitarget analgesics with two dimensions, which are “direct efficacy”, including inhibition of ion channels, activating γ-Aminobutyric Acid/opioid receptors, to suppress pain signal directly; and “background efficacy”, including reducing neuronal inflammation/oxidative stress, inhibition of glial cell activation, restoring the balance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission, to cure the root causes of chronic pain. Empirical evidence showed drug combination is beneficial to 30–50% chronic pain patients. To promote the discovery of effective analgesic combinations, we introduced an ancient Chinese therapeutic regimen that combines herbal drugs with “Jun”, “Chen”, “Zuo”, and “Shi” properties. In dCloud, “Jun” drug acts directly on the major symptom of the disease; “Chen” drug generates major background effects; “Zuo” drug has salutary and supportive functions; and “Shi” drug facilitates drug delivery to the targeted tissue. Subsequently, using this concept, we interpreted the therapeutic effect of established analgesic compositions containing TCM derived analgesic alkaloids, which may contribute to the establishment of an alternative drug discovery model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- Zhejiang Zhenyuan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shaoxing, China
| | - Mingze Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Limin Yang
- Zhejiang Zhenyuan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shaoxing, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- First Clinical Division, Peking University Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medicine Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Jiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cai Tie
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safety Mining, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, China.,School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Tianle Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Research Unit of Digestive Tract Microecosystem Pharmacology and Toxicology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanxing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Dong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Research Unit of Digestive Tract Microecosystem Pharmacology and Toxicology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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18
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Miranpuri GS, Bali P, Nguyen J, Kim JJ, Modgil S, Mehra P, Buttar S, Brown G, Yutuc N, Singh H, Wood A, Singh J, Anand A. Role of Microglia and Astrocytes in Spinal Cord Injury Induced Neuropathic Pain. Ann Neurosci 2022; 28:219-228. [PMID: 35341227 PMCID: PMC8948321 DOI: 10.1177/09727531211046367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Spinal cord injuries incite varying degrees of symptoms in patients, ranging
from weakness and incoordination to paralysis. Common amongst spinal cord
injury (SCI) patients, neuropathic pain (NP) is a debilitating medical
condition. Unfortunately, there remain many clinical impediments in treating
NP because there is a lack of understanding regarding the mechanisms behind
SCI-induced NP (SCINP). Given that more than 450,000 people in the United
States alone suffer from SCI, it is unsatisfactory that current treatments
yield poor results in alleviating and treating NP. Summary: In this review, we briefly discussed the models of SCINP along with the
mechanisms of NP progression. Further, current treatment modalities are
herein explored for SCINP involving pharmacological interventions targeting
glia cells and astrocytes. Key message: The studies presented in this review provide insight for new directions
regarding SCINP alleviation. Given the severity and incapacitating effects
of SCINP, it is imperative to study the pathways involved and find new
therapeutic targets in coordination with stem cell research, and to develop
a new gold-standard in SCINP treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurwattan S Miranpuri
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Parul Bali
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education & Research Mohali, India
| | - Justyn Nguyen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Jason J Kim
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Shweta Modgil
- Neuroscience research lab, Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Priya Mehra
- Neuroscience research lab, Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Seah Buttar
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Greta Brown
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Noemi Yutuc
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Harpreet Singh
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Aleksandar Wood
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Jagtar Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Akshay Anand
- Neuroscience research lab, Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.,CCRYN- Collaborative Centre for Mind Body Intervention through Yoga.,Centre of Phenomenology and Cognitive Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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19
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Salinas-Abarca AB, Vázquez-Cuevas FG, González-Gallardo A, Martínez-Lorenzana G, González-Hernández A, Condés-Lara M. The glial cell's role in antinociceptive differential effects of oxytocin upon female and male rats. Eur J Pain 2022; 26:796-810. [PMID: 34978727 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sex plays a crucial role in pain processing and response to analgesic drugs. Indeed, spinal glia seems to be significant in the sexual dimorphism observed in the above effects. Recently, studies have associated oxytocin with antinociceptive effects, but these have been mainly performed in male animals; consequently, the influence of sex has been poorly explored. METHODS Using a model of spinal nociception that produces pain through activation of the spinal glia, that is, intrathecal (i.t.) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection, we analysed the changes in the analgesic response to i.t. oxytocin in female and male rats by behavioural (punctate mechanical hypersensitivity), electrophysiological (unitary extracellular recordings of wide dynamic range [WDR] cells) and molecular biology (real-time PCR of proinflammatory genes) experiments. RESULTS We found that LPS-induced hypersensitivity was longer in female (>96 h) than in male (≈4 h) rats. Besides, spinal oxytocin preferentially prevents the LPS-induced hypersensitivity in male rather than female rats. Indeed, LPS increases the spinal neuronal-evoked activity associated with the activation of peripheral Aδ- and C-fibres and post-discharge in males, whereas only C-fibre discharge was enhanced in females. The electrophysiological data correlate with the fact that spinal oxytocin only prevented TNF-α and IL-1β synthesis in male rats. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, these data suggest that oxytocin-mediated analgesia depends on a sexual dimorphism involving activation of the spinal glia. These results reinforced the idea that different strategies are required to treat pain in men and women, and that oxytocin could be used preferentially to treat pain with a significant inflammatory component in men. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Oxytocin is a molecule that emerges as a potent analgesic in preclinical and clinical studies. We investigated the contribution of glia to the response of oxytocin-induced analgesia and how sex influences in this response show that different strategies are required to treat pain in men and women, and that oxytocin could be used preferentially to treat pain with a significant inflammatory component in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana B Salinas-Abarca
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, México
| | - Francisco G Vázquez-Cuevas
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, México
| | - Adriana González-Gallardo
- Unidad de Proteogenómica del Instituto de Neurobiología, Unidad de Protogenómica, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, México
| | - Guadalupe Martínez-Lorenzana
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, México
| | - Abimael González-Hernández
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, México
| | - Miguel Condés-Lara
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, México
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20
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Zhang Q, Xu T, Bai N, Tan F, Zhao H, Liu J. Lectin‑type oxidized LDL receptor 1 modulates matrix metalloproteinase 2 production in peri‑implantitis. Exp Ther Med 2021; 23:171. [PMID: 35069852 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.11094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Tao Xu
- School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Na Bai
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Fei Tan
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Hongmei Zhao
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
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21
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Ye F, Dan G, Zhao Y, Yu W, Cheng J, Chen M, Sai Y, Zou Z. Small-interfering RNA for c-Jun attenuates cell death by preventing JNK-dependent PARP1 cleavage and DNA fragmentation in nitrogen mustard-injured immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2021; 10:1034-1044. [PMID: 34733488 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfab081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfur mustard (a type of vesicant) can directly damage lung bronchial epithelium via aerosol inhalation, and prevalent cell death is an early event that obstructs the respiratory tract. JNK/c-Jun is a stress response pathway, but its role in cell death of the injured cells is not clear. Here, we report that JNK/c-Jun was activated in immortalized human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells exposed to a lethal dose (20 μM) of nitrogen mustard (NM, a sulfur mustard analog). c-Jun silencing using small-interfering RNA (siRNA) rendered the cells resistant to NM-mediated cell death by blocking poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) cleavage and DNA fragmentation. In addition, the transduction of upstream extrinsic (Fasl-Fas-caspase-8) and intrinsic (loss of Bcl-2 and mitochondrial membrane potential, ΔΨm) apoptosis pathways, as well as phosphorylated (p)-H2AX (Ser139), an epigenetic marker contributing to DNA fragmentation and PARP1 activity, was partially suppressed. To mimic the detachment of cells by NM, HBE cells were trypsinized and seeded on culture plates that were pre-coated with poly-HEMA to prevent cell adhesion. The JNK/c-Jun pathway was found to be activated in the detached cells. In conclusion, our results indicate that JNK/c-Jun pathway activation is necessary for NM-caused HBE cell death and further suggest that c-Jun silencing may be a potential approach to protect HBE cells from vesicant damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Ye
- Department of Chemical Defense Medicine, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Guorong Dan
- Department of Chemical Defense Medicine, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yuanpeng Zhao
- Department of Chemical Defense Medicine, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Wenpei Yu
- Department of Chemical Defense Medicine, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jin Cheng
- Department of Chemical Defense Medicine, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Mingliang Chen
- Department of Chemical Defense Medicine, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yan Sai
- Department of Chemical Defense Medicine, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zhongmin Zou
- Department of Chemical Defense Medicine, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
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22
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Blanton HL, Pietrzak A, McHann MC, Guindon J. Sex and dose-dependent antinociceptive effects of the JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) inhibitor SU 3327 are mediated by CB 2 receptors in female, and CB 1/CB 2 receptors in male mice in an inflammatory pain model. Brain Res Bull 2021; 177:39-52. [PMID: 34530070 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) has been implicated in the development and persistence of inflammatory and neuropathic pain in animal models. Moreover, JNKs have been involved in the maintenance of chronic pain, as well as development of tolerance to antinociceptive agents in the opioid and cannabinoid class of compounds. In this study, we evaluated the antinociceptive effects of the JNK inhibitor SU 3327 (0.3-30 mg/kg) in the formalin pain model with an emphasis on the sex-specific actions of this compound. In wild-type C57BL6J mice, SU 3327 produced strong antinociceptive effects in the formalin pain model which were mediated by CB2 receptors in females, and both CB1 and CB2 receptors in males. SU 3327 at a dose of 10 mg/kg produced antinociception, hypothermia, motor impairment, and hypolocomotion to a similar extent in both males and females. The antinociceptive effects of SU 3327 were more potent in males at lower doses (1 and 3 mg/kg), while females were more sensitive to the hypothermic, and motor-suppression effects at lower (3 mg/kg) doses versus males. Analysis of spinal cords, using qPCR following SU 3327 administration in the formalin test, revealed changes in cannabinoid, tolerance and inflammatory markers in females only, and only in the high (10-30 mg/kg) dose conditions. Indeed, females showed an increase in mRNA levels of cannabinoid (CB2), but a decrease in tolerance (β-arrestin 1) and inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6)-associated markers. The differences between males and females, in this study, support sex as an important factor in nociception and antinociceptive responses mediated by JNK and the endocannabinoid system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry L Blanton
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street STOP 6592, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Agata Pietrzak
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street STOP 6592, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Melissa C McHann
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street STOP 6592, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Josée Guindon
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street STOP 6592, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Center of Excellence for Translational Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
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23
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Jiang YP, Jin Y, Bao J, Wang S, Lai WD, Wen CP, Xu ZH, Yu J. Inconsistent Time-Dependent Effects of Tetramethylpyrazine on Primary Neurological Disorders and Psychiatric Comorbidities. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:708517. [PMID: 34489702 PMCID: PMC8417558 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.708517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the time dependent effects of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP, main activity compound of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort) on two neurological disorders and their neuropsychiatric comorbidities. 6 Hz corneal rapid kindling was used to induce epileptogenesis and the inflammatory pain was induced by intra-articular Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) injection. The mechanical pain thresholds were measured using von Frey hair (D4, D11, D18, D25 after CFA first injection), and the vertical rearings of the mice was observed. To test the neuropsychiatric comorbidities, anxiety-like behaviors of mice were examined by open field and elevated plus maze tests. Two behavioral despair models, tail suspension test and forced swimming test were also used to evaluate the depressive like behaviors. The results showed that TMP administered from the initial day (D1-D35 in kindling model, D0-D14 and D0-D28 in CFA model) of modeling retarded both the developments of 6 Hz corneal rapid kindling epileptogenesis and the CFA induced inflammatory pain. In comparison, late periods administration of TMP (D21-D35 in kindling and D14-D28 in CFA model) showed no effect on the epileptogenesis and the generalized seizures (GS) of kindling, but alleviated maintenance of CFA induced inflammatory pain. Furthermore, we also found all TMP treatments from the initial day of modeling alleviated the co-morbid depressive and anxiety-like behaviors in both models; however, late periods treatments did not, either in kindling or the CFA induced inflammatory pain. BDNF/ERK signaling impairment was also tested by western blot, and the results showed that TMP administered from the initial day of modeling increased the hippocampal BDNF/ERK expression, whereas late period administration showed no effects. Overall, our findings reveal the inconsistent time dependent effects of Tetramethylpyrazine on neurological disorders and their relative neuropsychiatric comorbidities, and provide novel insight into the early application of TMP that might enhance hippocampal BDNF/ERK signaling to alleviate neuropsychiatric comorbidities in neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Peng Jiang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Jin
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Bao
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Song Wang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Dong Lai
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cheng-Ping Wen
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zheng-Hao Xu
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Yu
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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24
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Hernández IH, Villa-González M, Martín G, Soto M, Pérez-Álvarez MJ. Glial Cells as Therapeutic Approaches in Brain Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Cells 2021; 10:1639. [PMID: 34208834 PMCID: PMC8305833 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is the second cause of mortality and the first cause of long-term disability constituting a serious socioeconomic burden worldwide. Approved treatments include thrombectomy and rtPA intravenous administration, which, despite their efficacy in some cases, are not suitable for a great proportion of patients. Glial cell-related therapies are progressively overcoming inefficient neuron-centered approaches in the preclinical phase. Exploiting the ability of microglia to naturally switch between detrimental and protective phenotypes represents a promising therapeutic treatment, in a similar way to what happens with astrocytes. However, the duality present in many of the roles of these cells upon ischemia poses a notorious difficulty in disentangling the precise pathways to target. Still, promoting M2/A2 microglia/astrocyte protective phenotypes and inhibiting M1/A1 neurotoxic profiles is globally rendering promising results in different in vivo models of stroke. On the other hand, described oligodendrogenesis after brain ischemia seems to be strictly beneficial, although these cells are the less studied players in the stroke paradigm and negative effects could be described for oligodendrocytes in the next years. Here, we review recent advances in understanding the precise role of mentioned glial cell types in the main pathological events of ischemic stroke, including inflammation, blood brain barrier integrity, excitotoxicity, reactive oxygen species management, metabolic support, and neurogenesis, among others, with a special attention to tested therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivó H Hernández
- Genomic Instability Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Center for Molecular Biology "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO) UAM/CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario Villa-González
- Center for Molecular Biology "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO) UAM/CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biología (Fisiología Animal), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gerardo Martín
- Departamento de Biología (Fisiología Animal), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Soto
- Center for Molecular Biology "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO) UAM/CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - María José Pérez-Álvarez
- Center for Molecular Biology "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO) UAM/CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biología (Fisiología Animal), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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25
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Tan Y, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Dai X, Wei Q, Wei J, Xu P, Chen Y. Combination of ferulic acid, ligustrazine and tetrahydropalmatine inhibits invasion and metastasis through MMP/TIMP signaling in endometriosis. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11664. [PMID: 34249506 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The design of the combination of ferulic acid, ligustrazine and tetrahydropalmatine (FLT) is inspired by the Chinese herbal prescription Foshou San. Previous work has shown that FLT inhibited endometriosis growth in rat autograft models. However, the mechanism behind this is unclear. MMP/TIMP signaling is considered as the vital pathway of metastasis and invasion in endometriosis. In this study, we aim to disclose effects of FLT on MMP/TIMP signaling in invasion and metastasis during endometrial cells and xenograft endometriosis. Methods In vivo, effect of FLT on endometriosis was evaluated in a xenogeneic mice model. In vitro, cell viability assay was performed with an IC50 measurement of FLT in hEM15A and HEC1-B cells. The effect of FLT on invasion and metastasis was analyzed in scratch wound and transwell assay. Gene and protein expression of MMP/TIMP signaling were detected by qPCR and Western blotting. Results In xenograft endometriosis, FLT reduced ectopic volume without effect on weight. FLT inhibitory effects on cell growth exhibited a dose-dependent manner in hEM15A and HEC1-B cells. IC50s of FLT in hEM15A cells were 839.30 ± 121.11 or 483.53 ±156.91 μg·ml-1 after the treatment for 24 or 48 h, respectively. In HEC1-B cells, IC50 values of 24 or 48 h were 625.20 ± 59.52 or 250.30 ± 68.12 μg·ml-1. In addition, FLT significantly inhibited invasion and metastasis in scratch wound and transwell assay. Furthermore, FLT inactivated MMP/TIMP signaling with decreasing expression of MMP-2/9, and an enhancing expression of TIMP-1. Conclusions MMP/TIMP inactivation is a reasonable explanation for the inhibition of FLT on invasion and metastasis in endometriosis. This result reveals a potential mechanism on the role of FLT in endometriosis and may benefit for its further application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening from Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China.,Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica-the Key Discipline Constructed by the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Pharmacy Education (Southwest University), Chongqing, China
| | - Chengling Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening from Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China.,Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica-the Key Discipline Constructed by the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Pharmacy Education (Southwest University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening from Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China.,Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica-the Key Discipline Constructed by the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Pharmacy Education (Southwest University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xueshan Dai
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening from Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China.,Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica-the Key Discipline Constructed by the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Pharmacy Education (Southwest University), Chongqing, China
| | - Qinghua Wei
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening from Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China.,Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica-the Key Discipline Constructed by the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Pharmacy Education (Southwest University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jiahui Wei
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening from Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China.,Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica-the Key Discipline Constructed by the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Pharmacy Education (Southwest University), Chongqing, China
| | - Pingli Xu
- Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening from Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China.,Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica-the Key Discipline Constructed by the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Pharmacy Education (Southwest University), Chongqing, China
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26
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Jiang S, Wu Y, Wu S, Ye S, Kong R, Chang J, Xia M, Bao J, Peng X, Hong X, Qian Z, Li H. Silencing TAK1 reduces MAPKs-MMP2/9 expression to reduce inflammation-driven neurohistological disruption post spinal cord injury. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:96. [PMID: 33966042 PMCID: PMC8106686 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00481-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia activation post traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) provokes accumulation of inflammatory metabolites, leading to increasing neurological disruption. Our previous studies demonstrated that blocking MAPKs pathway mitigated microglia inflammatory activation and prevented cords from neuroinflammation-induced secondary injury. Transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) is an upstream gate regulating activation of MAPKs signaling. To validate the therapeutic effect of TAK1 inhibition in neuroinflammation post SCI, in the current study, cultures of microglia BV2 line was undergone lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation in the presence of TAK1 inhibitor 5Z-7-Oxozeaenol (ZO), LPS, or control. LPS triggered inflammatory level, cell migration, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2/9 production, which was reduced in ZO-treated cultures. TAK1 inhibition by ZO also decreased activation of MAPKs pathway, indicating that ZO-mediated alleviation of neuroinflammation is likely modulated via TAK1/MAPKs axis. In vivo, neuroinflammatory level and tissue destruction were assessed in adult male mice that were undergone SCI by mechanical trauma, and treated with ZO by intraperitoneal injection. Compared with SCI mice, ZO-treated mice exhibited less microglia pro-inflammatory activation and accumulation adjacent to injured core linked to reduced MMP2/9 expression, leading to minor tissue damage and better locomotor recovery. To sum up, the obtained data proved that in the early phase post SCI, TAK1 inhibition impedes microglia biological activities including activation, enzymatic synthesis, and migration via downregulation of MAPKs pathway, and the effects may be accurately characterized as potent anti-inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Jiang
- Spine Center, Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yandan Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shunjie Wu
- Spine Center, Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Suhui Ye
- Spine Center, Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Renyi Kong
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Chang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingjie Xia
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junping Bao
- Spine Center, Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Peng
- Spine Center, Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Hong
- Spine Center, Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Zhanyang Qian
- Spine Center, Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Haijun Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Clinical Medical School of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, China.
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27
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Jiang M, Liu Y, Wu H, Ma Z, Gu X. High Estrogen Level Modifies Postoperative Hyperalgesia via GPR30 and MMP-9 in Dorsal Root Ganglia Neurons. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:1661-1673. [PMID: 32303987 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03032-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The cycling of sex hormones is one of the factors affecting pain in females, and the mechanisms are not fully understood. G-protein coupled estrogen receptor 30 (GPR30) is the estrogen receptor known to be involved in mechanical hyperalgesia. Studies have demonstrated that matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is a critical component in peripheral/central nervous system hypersensitivity and neuroinflammation, both of which participate in hyperalgesia. Here, ovariectomized rats were treated with low or high dose estrogen replacement, and then plantar incisions were made. Subsequently, mechanical allodynia was evaluated by determining the paw withdrawal mechanical threshold before and after the incision. In rats with incisions, high estrogen levels induced postoperative hyperalgesia and upregulation of GPR30 and MMP-9 in dorsal root ganglia (DRGs). MMP-9 was expressed primarily in DRG neurons co-expressing GPR30, and led to the activation of IL-1β. After intrathecal injection of the GPR30 agonist G1, female rats with low estrogen and plantar incisions continued to exhibit significant hyperalgesia until 48 h post-incision. In high estrogen level rats with plantar incisions, intrathecal injection of GPR30 antagonist G15 significantly attenuated postoperative hyperalgesia. Intraperitoneal injection of N-acetyl-cysteine, a source of cysteine that prevents the oxidation of cysteine residues on MMP-9, significantly relieved high estrogen-induced postoperative hyperalgesia via suppression of MMP-9 and IL-1β activation in DRGs. These results demonstrate that high estrogen level in rats with incisions elicit GPR30 and MMP-9 upregulation in DRGs and subsequently activate IL-1β, leading to induced postoperative hyperalgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhengliang Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoping Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China.
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28
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Shao S, Xia H, Hu M, Chen C, Fu J, Shi G, Guo Q, Zhou Y, Wang W, Shi J, Zhang T. Isotalatizidine, a C 19-diterpenoid alkaloid, attenuates chronic neuropathic pain through stimulating ERK/CREB signaling pathway-mediated microglial dynorphin A expression. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:13. [PMID: 31924228 PMCID: PMC6953278 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1696-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Isotalatizidine is a representative C19-diterpenoid alkaloid extracted from the lateral roots of Aconitum carmichaelii, which has been widely used to treat various diseases on account of its analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-rheumatic, and immunosuppressive properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the analgesic effect of isotalatizidine and its underlying mechanisms against neuropathic pain. Methods A chronic constrictive injury (CCI)-induced model of neuropathic pain was established in mice, and the limb withdrawal was evaluated by the Von Frey filament test following isotalatizidine or placebo administration. The signaling pathways in primary or immortalized microglia cells treated with isotalatizidine were analyzed by Western blotting and immunofluorescence. Results Intrathecal injection of isotalatizidine attenuated the CCI-induced mechanical allodynia in a dose-dependent manner. At the molecular level, isotalatizidine selectively increased the phosphorylation of p38 and ERK1/2, in addition to activating the transcription factor CREB and increasing dynorphin A production in cultured primary microglia. However, the downstream effects of isotalatizidine were abrogated by the selective ERK1/2 inhibitor U0126-EtOH or CREB inhibitor of KG-501, but not by the p38 inhibitor SB203580. The results also were confirmed in in vivo experiments. Conclusion Taken together, isotalatizidine specifically activates the ERK1/2 pathway and subsequently CREB, which triggers dynorphin A release in the microglia, eventually leading to its anti-nociceptive action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Min Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chengjuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Junmin Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Gaona Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qinglan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Tiantai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Riffel APK, de Souza JA, Santos MDCQ, Kroth A, da Silveira EMS, Scheid T, Dexheimer GM, Horst A, Kolberg C, Ribeiro MFM, de Fraga LS, Partata WA. Co-administration of ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol modifies ascorbic acid and attenuates p38, Akt, and TNF-α expression in spinal cord of rats with neuropathic pain. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s41110-019-0113-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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The Importance of Natural Antioxidants in the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury in Animal Models: An Overview. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:3642491. [PMID: 32676138 PMCID: PMC7336207 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3642491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) face devastating health, social, and financial consequences, as well as their families and caregivers. Reducing the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress are essential strategies for SCI treatment. Some compounds from traditional medicine could be useful to decrease ROS generated after SCI. This review is aimed at highlighting the importance of some natural compounds with antioxidant capacity used in traditional medicine to treat traumatic SCI. An electronic search of published articles describing animal models of SCI treated with natural compounds from traditional medicine was conducted using the following terms: Spinal Cord Injuries (MeSH terms) AND Models, Animal (MeSH terms) AND [Reactive Oxygen Species (MeSH terms) AND/OR Oxidative Stress (MeSH term)] AND Medicine, Traditional (MeSH terms). Articles reported from 2010 to 2018 were included. The results were further screened by title and abstract for studies performed in rats, mice, and nonhuman primates. The effects of these natural compounds are discussed, including their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties. Moreover, the antioxidant properties of natural compounds were emphasized since oxidative stress has a fundamental role in the generation and progression of several pathologies of the nervous system. The use of these compounds diminishes toxic effects due to their high antioxidant capacity. These compounds have been tested in animal models with promising results; however, no clinical studies have been conducted in humans. Further research of these natural compounds is crucial to a better understanding of their effects in patients with SCI.
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Zhang G, Liu N, Zhu C, Ma L, Yang J, Du J, Zhang W, Sun T, Niu J, Yu J. Antinociceptive effect of isoorientin against neuropathic pain induced by the chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 75:105753. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Abstract
Astrocytes are critical for maintaining the homeostasis of the CNS. Increasing evidence suggests that a number of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders, including chronic pain, may result from astrocyte 'gliopathy'. Indeed, in recent years there has been substantial progress in our understanding of how astrocytes can regulate nociceptive synaptic transmission via neuronal-glial and glial-glial cell interactions, as well as the involvement of spinal and supraspinal astrocytes in the modulation of pain signalling and the maintenance of neuropathic pain. A role of astrocytes in the pathogenesis of chronic itch is also emerging. These developments suggest that targeting the specific pathways that are responsible for astrogliopathy may represent a novel approach to develop therapies for chronic pain and chronic itch.
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Gu HW, Xing F, Jiang MJ, Wang Y, Bai L, Zhang J, Li TT, Zhang W, Xu JT. Upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9/2 in the wounded tissue, dorsal root ganglia, and spinal cord is involved in the development of postoperative pain. Brain Res 2019; 1718:64-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Gong P, Zhang Z, Zou Y, Tian Q, Han S, Xu Z, Liao J, Gao L, Chen Q, Li M. Tetramethylpyrazine attenuates blood-brain barrier disruption in ischemia/reperfusion injury through the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 854:289-297. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Morioka N, Kodama K, Tomori M, Yoshikawa K, Saeki M, Nakamura Y, Zhang FF, Hisaoka-Nakashima K, Nakata Y. Stimulation of nuclear receptor REV-ERBs suppresses production of pronociceptive molecules in cultured spinal astrocytes and ameliorates mechanical hypersensitivity of inflammatory and neuropathic pain of mice. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 78:116-130. [PMID: 30682503 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The orphan nuclear receptors REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ (REV-ERBs) are crucial in the regulation of inflammatory-related gene transcription in astroglioma cells, but their role in nociceptive transduction has yet to be elaborated. Spinal dorsal horn astrocytes contribute to the maintenance of chronic pain. Treatment of cultured spinal astrocytes with specific REV-ERBs agonists SR9009 or GSK4112 significantly prevented lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mRNA upregulation of pronociceptive molecules interleukin-1β (IL-1β) mRNA, interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA and matrix metalloprotease-9 (MMP-9) mRNA, but not CCL2 mRNA expression. Treatment with SR9009 also blocked tumor necrosis factor-induced IL-1β mRNA, IL-6 mRNA and MMP-9 mRNA. In addition, treatment with SR9009 significantly blocked LPS-induced upregulation of IL-1β protein, IL-6 protein and MMP-9 activity. The inhibitory effects of SR9009 on LPS-induced expression of pronociceptive molecules were blocked by knockdown of REV-ERBs expression with short interference RNA, confirming that SR9009 exerts its effect through REV-ERBs. Intrathecal LPS treatment in male mice induces hind paw mechanical hypersensitivity, and upregulation of IL-1β mRNA, IL-6 mRNA and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression in spinal dorsal horn. Intrathecal pretreatment of SR9009 prevented the onset of LPS-induced mechanical hypersensitivity, cytokine expression and GFAP expression. Intrathecal injection of SR9009 also ameliorated mechanical hypersensitivity during the maintenance phase of complete Freund's adjuvant-induced inflammatory pain and partial sciatic nerve ligation-, paclitaxel-, and streptozotocin-induced neuropathy in mice. The current findings suggest that spinal astrocytic REV-ERBs could be critical in the regulation of nociceptive transduction through downregulation of pronociceptive molecule expression. Thus, spinal REV-ERBs could be an effective therapeutic target in the treatment of chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norimitsu Morioka
- Department of Pharmacology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan.
| | - Keitaro Kodama
- Department of Pharmacology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Mizuki Tomori
- Department of Pharmacology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Kanade Yoshikawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Munenori Saeki
- Department of Pharmacology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Yoki Nakamura
- Department of Pharmacology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse IRP, Triad Suite 3305, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Fang Fang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; Institute of Pharmacology, Taishan Medical University, 619 Changcheng Road, Taian, Shandong 271016, China
| | - Kazue Hisaoka-Nakashima
- Department of Pharmacology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nakata
- Department of Pharmacology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
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Tonello R, Lee SH, Berta T. Monoclonal Antibody Targeting the Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 Prevents and Reverses Paclitaxel-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Mice. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2019; 20:515-527. [PMID: 30471427 PMCID: PMC6511475 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a disabling condition accompanying several cancer drugs, including the front-line chemotherapeutic agent paclitaxel. Although CIPN can force dose reduction or even discontinuation of chemotherapy, affecting survival in cancer patients, there is no US Food and Drug Administration-approved treatment for CIPN. CIPN in mice is characterized by neuropathic pain (eg, mechanical allodynia) in association with oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in dorsal root ganglia (DRGs), as well as retraction of intraepidermal nerve fibers. Here, we report that paclitaxel-induced mechanical allodynia is associated with transcriptional increase in matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2 and 9 and decrease in metallopeptidase inhibitor 1 (TIMP1), a strong endogenous MMP9 inhibitor. Consistently, MMP9 protein levels are increased in DRG neurons in vivo and in vitro after paclitaxel treatment, and it is demonstrated, for the first time, that intrathecal injections of exogenous TIMP1 or a monoclonal antibody targeting MMP9 (MMP9 mAb) significantly prevented and reversed paclitaxel-induced mechanical allodynia in male and female mice. Analyses of DRG tissues showed that MMP9 mAb significantly decreased oxidative stress and neuroinflammatory mediators interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor α, as well as prevented paclitaxel-induced loss of intraepidermal nerve fibers. These findings suggest that MMP signaling plays a key role in paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy, and MMP9 mAb may offer new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of CIPN. PERSPECTIVE: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) remains ineffectively managed in cancer patients, potentially leading to the discontinuation of an otherwise life-saving treatment. Here, we demonstrate that a monoclonal antibody targeting MMP9 alleviates neuropathic pain and several mechanisms linked to CIPN. This study is particularly relevant, because a humanized MMP9 antibody is already in advanced clinical trials for the treatment of colitis and cancer, and it may be straightforwardly repurposed for the relief of CIPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Tonello
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Research Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Sang Hoon Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Research Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Temugin Berta
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Research Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.
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Zhang F, Hu L, Wu YX, Fan L, Liu WT, Wang J, Sun H, Zhang JS. Doxycycline alleviates paraquat-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting neutrophil-derived matrix metalloproteinase 9. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 72:243-251. [PMID: 31003001 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ), a highly toxic herbicide, selectively accumulates in the lungs and causes pulmonary damage through oxidative and inflammatory processes after intentional or accidental poisoning. The resulting acute lung injury (ALI) is characterized by neutrophil infiltration and extensive inflammation with rapid respiratory failure. However, effective therapies are lacking. We tested the hypothesis that suppressing neutrophil-derived matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) would ameliorate the inflammatory milieu and alleviate PQ-induced ALI. Lung injury was assessed in mice intratracheally injected with PQ aerosol by measuring the lung static compliance, cell count and neutrophil percentage of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung, alveolar-capillary permeability, and histopathological lung injury scores. MMP9/2 activity was assessed by gelatin zymography, and the location of neutrophils and MMP9 in the lung was evaluated by immunofluorescence costaining. In the neutrophil depletion experiment, mice received anti-Ly6G antibody intraperitoneally; for the MMP inhibition experiment, an MMP inhibitor, doxycycline (DOX), was administered by gavage. In PQ-induced ALI, the activity of neutrophil-derived MMP9 but not MMP2 increased significantly. Neutrophil depletion reduced the inflammatory burden, improved pulmonary edema, and reduced the PQ-induced overexpression of MMP9. Consistently, oral delivery of DOX to mice decreased the overexpression of MMP9 that was activated by PQ and phenocopied the resolution of PQ-induced ALI observed after neutrophil depletion. Taken together, our results show for the first time that DOX is involved in the resolution of PQ-induced ALI via a mechanism involving reducing the activity of neutrophil-derived MMP9. We speculate that DOX may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for PQ-induced ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Wu
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu Fan
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen-Tao Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jin-Song Zhang
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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38
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Dual Roles of Astrocyte-Derived Factors in Regulation of Blood-Brain Barrier Function after Brain Damage. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030571. [PMID: 30699952 PMCID: PMC6387062 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a major functional barrier in the central nervous system (CNS), and inhibits the extravasation of intravascular contents and transports various essential nutrients between the blood and the brain. After brain damage by traumatic brain injury, cerebral ischemia and several other CNS disorders, the functions of the BBB are disrupted, resulting in severe secondary damage including brain edema and inflammatory injury. Therefore, BBB protection and recovery are considered novel therapeutic strategies for reducing brain damage. Emerging evidence suggests key roles of astrocyte-derived factors in BBB disruption and recovery after brain damage. The astrocyte-derived vascular permeability factors include vascular endothelial growth factors, matrix metalloproteinases, nitric oxide, glutamate and endothelin-1, which enhance BBB permeability leading to BBB disruption. By contrast, the astrocyte-derived protective factors include angiopoietin-1, sonic hedgehog, glial-derived neurotrophic factor, retinoic acid and insulin-like growth factor-1 and apolipoprotein E which attenuate BBB permeability resulting in recovery of BBB function. In this review, the roles of these astrocyte-derived factors in BBB function are summarized, and their significance as therapeutic targets for BBB protection and recovery after brain damage are discussed.
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Chen Y, Wei J, Zhang Y, Sun W, Li Z, Wang Q, Xu X, Li C, Li P. Anti-endometriosis Mechanism of Jiawei Foshou San Based on Network Pharmacology. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:811. [PMID: 30093862 PMCID: PMC6071511 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Jiawei Foshou San (JFS) is the new formula originated from classic Foshou San formula, composed with ligustrazine, ferulic acid, and tetrahydropalmatine. Previously JFS inhibited the growth of endometriosis (EMS) with unclear mechanism, especially in metastasis, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In this study, network pharmacology was performed to explore potential mechanism of JFS on EMS. Through compound-compound target and compound target-EMS target networks, key targets were analyzed for pathway enrichment. MMP-TIMP were uncovered as one cluster of the core targets. Furthermore, autologous transplantation of EMS rat's model were used to evaluate in vivo effect of JFS on invasion, metastasis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. JFS significantly suppressed the growth, and reduced the volume of ectopic endometrium, with modification of pathologic structure. In-depth study, invasion and metastasis were restrained after treating with JFS through decreasing MMP-2 and MMP-9, increasing TIMP-1. Meanwhile, JFS promoted E-cadherin, and attenuated N-cadherin, Vimentin, Snail, Slug, ZEB1, ZEB2, Twist. In brief, anti-EMS effect of JFS might be related to the regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transformation, thereby inhibition of invasion and metastasis. These findings reveal the potential mechanism of JFS on EMS and the benefit for further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening from Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China.,Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica - the Key Discipline Constructed by the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiahui Wei
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening from Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China.,Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica - the Key Discipline Constructed by the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening from Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China.,Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica - the Key Discipline Constructed by the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenwei Sun
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening from Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China.,Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica - the Key Discipline Constructed by the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhuoheng Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening from Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China.,Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica - the Key Discipline Constructed by the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening from Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China.,Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica - the Key Discipline Constructed by the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Cong Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Panhong Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening from Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China.,Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica - the Key Discipline Constructed by the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
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40
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Shan CS, Xu QQ, Shi YH, Wang Y, He ZX, Zheng GQ. Chuanxiong Formulae for Migraine: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of High-Quality Randomized Controlled Trials. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:589. [PMID: 30013473 PMCID: PMC6036270 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Migraine is a complex, prevalent and disabling neurological disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of headache without ideal treatment. We aim to assess the current available evidence of herbal Chuanxiong (Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. root) formulae for the treatment of migraine according to the high-quality randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods: English and Chinese electronic databases were searched from their inceptions until March 2017. The methodological quality of included study was assessed by the Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool. RCTs with Cochrane risk of bias (RoB) score ≥4 were included in the analyses. Meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.3 software. Publication bias was assessed by funnel plot analysis and Egger's test. Results: Nineteen RCTs with 1832 participants were identified. The studies investigated the Chuanxiong formulae vs. placebo (n = 5), Chuanxiong formulae vs. conventional pharmacotherapy (CP) (n = 13 with 15 comparisons), and Chuanxiong formulae plus CP vs. CP (n = 1). Meta-analysis indicated that Chuanxiong formulae could reduce frequency, duration, days and pain severity of migraine and improve the total clinical efficacy rate (P < 0.05). Adverse event monitoring was reported in 16 out of 19 studies and occurrence rate of adverse event was low. Conclusion: The findings of present study indicated that Chuanxiong formulae exerted the symptom reliefs of for migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Shuo Shan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qing-Qing Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yi-Hua Shi
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhang-Xin He
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Liu Q, Liu C, Jiang L, Li M, Long T, He W, Qin G, Chen L, Zhou J. α7 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-mediated anti-inflammatory effect in a chronic migraine rat model via the attenuation of glial cell activation. J Pain Res 2018; 11:1129-1140. [PMID: 29942148 PMCID: PMC6007207 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s159146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence suggests that the activation of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) can greatly decrease the neuroinflammation response. Neuroinflammation plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of chronic migraine (CM). Clinical observations also show that nicotine gum induces analgesic effects in migraine patients. However, whether α7nAChR is involved in CM is unclear. Objective To investigate the role of α7nAChR in CM and provide a new therapeutic target for CM. Materials and methods Thirty-six male Sprague–Dawley rats were distributed randomly into control, CM, PNU-282987, and α-bungarotoxin groups (n=9 rats in each group). The CM model was established by the recurrent daily administration of inflammatory soup on the dura over the course of 1 week. The hind paw threshold and facial allodynia were assessed by the von Frey test. The expression levels of α7nAChR, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-1 beta were analyzed by Western blot and real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The location of α7nAChR in the hippocampus was quantified by immunofluorescence, as well as the microglial and astrocyte alterations. Changes in the calcitonin gene-related peptide and the phosphorylated JNK protein among different groups were measured by Western blot. Results We found that the expression of α7nAChR was reduced after repeated inflammatory soup administration. The increased expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1 beta, and calcitonin gene-related peptide in CM group were significantly decreased by PNU-282987 and aggravated by α-bungarotoxin. Moreover, PNU-282987 decreased the numbers of astrocytes and microglia compared with the numbers in the CM group in both hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions. In contrast, α-bungarotoxin activated the astrocytes and microglia, but the differences with respect to the CM group were not significant. Activated c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling was observed in CM rats and was also blocked by PNU-282987. Conclusion The activation of α7nAChR increased the mechanical threshold and alleviated pain in the CM rat model. α7nAChR activation also decreased the upregulation of astrocytes and microglia through the p-c-Jun N-terminal kinase–mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chaoyang Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Maolin Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting Long
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guangcheng Qin
- Laboratory Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lixue Chen
- Laboratory Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiying Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a chronic pain state associated with multiple etiologies that results in considerable social and economic burden. The identification of key genes associated with neuropathic pain is important for the development of novel therapies. Therefore, the present study downloaded the gene expression profile GSE15041 from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The unverified gene chip was removed and the microarray data was normalized following quality control. The limma package in R was used to screen the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), followed by Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. Furthermore, a protein‑protein interaction (PPI) network based on the identified DEGs was constructed to select hub proteins, and reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect the expression of these proteins in a mouse model of neuropathic pain. In total, 86 common DEGs were identified. DEGs were significantly enriched in ̔extracellular space̓ and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis demonstrated that the DEGs were significantly enriched in inflammatory diseases and the mitogen‑activated protein kinase signaling pathway. The PPI network consisted of 27 nodes (proteins) and 47 PPI edges (interactions). Interleukin (IL)‑6, transcription factor AP‑1 (c‑Jun) and urikinase‑type plasminogen activator (Plau) were identified as hub proteins and key genes in neuropathic pain. The mRNA expression of these hub proteins was significantly increased in the neuropathic pain model, compared with the sham group. IL‑6, c‑Jun, and Plau may be involved in development of neuropathic pain and further research investigating the exact role of these key genes is required.
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