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Sintakova K, Romanyuk N. The role of small extracellular vesicles and microRNA as their cargo in the spinal cord injury pathophysiology and therapy. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1400413. [PMID: 38774785 PMCID: PMC11106386 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1400413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition with a complex pathology that affects a significant portion of the population and causes long-term consequences. After primary injury, an inflammatory cascade of secondary injury occurs, followed by neuronal cell death and glial scar formation. Together with the limited regenerative capacity of the central nervous system, these are the main reasons for the poor prognosis after SCI. Despite recent advances, there is still no effective treatment. Promising therapeutic approaches include stem cells transplantation, which has demonstrated neuroprotective and immunomodulatory effects in SCI. This positive effect is thought to be mediated by small extracellular vesicles (sEVs); membrane-bound nanovesicles involved in intercellular communication through transport of functional proteins and RNA molecules. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about sEVs and microRNA as their cargo as one of the most promising therapeutic approaches for the treatment of SCI. We provide a comprehensive overview of their role in SCI pathophysiology, neuroprotective potential and therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristyna Sintakova
- Department of Neuroregeneration, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Neuroscience, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Nataliya Romanyuk
- Department of Neuroregeneration, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
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2
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Tigner TJ, Dampf G, Tucker A, Huang YC, Jagrit V, Clevenger AJ, Mohapatra A, Raghavan SA, Dulin JN, Alge DL. Clickable Granular Hydrogel Scaffolds for Delivery of Neural Progenitor Cells to Sites of Spinal Cord Injury. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2303912. [PMID: 38470994 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious condition with limited treatment options. Neural progenitor cell (NPC) transplantation is a promising treatment option, and the identification of novel biomaterial scaffolds that support NPC engraftment and therapeutic activity is a top research priority. The objective of this study is to evaluate in situ assembled poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based granular hydrogels for NPC delivery in a murine model of SCI. Microgel precursors are synthesized by using thiol-norbornene click chemistry to react four-armed PEG-amide-norbornene with enzymatically degradable and cell adhesive peptides. Unreacted norbornene groups are utilized for in situ assembly into scaffolds using a PEG-di-tetrazine linker. The granular hydrogel scaffolds exhibit good biocompatibility and do not adversely affect the inflammatory response after SCI. Moreover, when used to deliver NPCs, the granular hydrogel scaffolds supported NPC engraftment, do not adversely affect the immune response to the NPC grafts, and successfully support graft differentiation toward neuronal or astrocytic lineages as well as axonal extension into the host tissue. Collectively, these data establish PEG-based granular hydrogel scaffolds as a suitable biomaterial platform for NPC delivery and justify further testing, particularly in the context of more severe SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Tigner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-3120, USA
| | - Gabrielle Dampf
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-3258, USA
| | - Ashley Tucker
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-3258, USA
| | - Yu-Chi Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-3120, USA
| | - Vipin Jagrit
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-3258, USA
| | - Abigail J Clevenger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-3120, USA
| | - Arpita Mohapatra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-3120, USA
| | - Shreya A Raghavan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-3120, USA
| | - Jennifer N Dulin
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-3258, USA
- Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-3474, USA
| | - Daniel L Alge
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-3120, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-3003, USA
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3
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Hosseini SM, Borys B, Karimi-Abdolrezaee S. Neural stem cell therapies for spinal cord injury repair: an update on recent preclinical and clinical advances. Brain 2024; 147:766-793. [PMID: 37975820 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is a leading cause of lifelong disabilities. Permanent sensory, motor and autonomic impairments after SCI are substantially attributed to degeneration of spinal cord neurons and axons, and disintegration of neural network. To date, minimal regenerative treatments are available for SCI with an unmet need for new therapies to reconstruct the damaged spinal cord neuron-glia network and restore connectivity with the supraspinal pathways. Multipotent neural precursor cells (NPCs) have a unique capacity to generate neurons, oligodendrocytes and astrocytes. Due to this capacity, NPCs have been an attractive cell source for cellular therapies for SCI. Transplantation of NPCs has been extensively tested in preclinical models of SCI in the past two decades. These studies have identified opportunities and challenges associated with NPC therapies. While NPCs have the potential to promote neuroregeneration through various mechanisms, their low long-term survival and integration within the host injured spinal cord limit the functional benefits of NPC-based therapies for SCI. To address this challenge, combinatorial strategies have been developed to optimize the outcomes of NPC therapies by enriching SCI microenvironment through biomaterials, genetic and pharmacological therapies. In this review, we will provide an in-depth discussion on recent advances in preclinical NPC-based therapies for SCI. We will discuss modes of actions and mechanism by which engrafted NPCs contribute to the repair process and functional recovery. We will also provide an update on current clinical trials and new technologies that have facilitated preparation of medical-grade human NPCs suitable for transplantation in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mojtaba Hosseini
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Spinal Cord Research Centre, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9, Canada
- Manitoba Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Ben Borys
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Spinal Cord Research Centre, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Soheila Karimi-Abdolrezaee
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Spinal Cord Research Centre, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9, Canada
- Manitoba Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9, Canada
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3P4, Canada
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4
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Liu R, Peng B, Yuan J, Hu J, Yang J, Shan N, Li Q, Zhao B, Xu C, Wang Y. Research on stem cell therapy for spinal cord injury: a bibliometric and visual analysis from 2018-2023. Front Genet 2024; 15:1327216. [PMID: 38380424 PMCID: PMC10877028 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1327216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to conduct a bibliometric analysis of the literature on stem cell treatment for spinal cord injury to gain an intuitive understanding of how the field is progressing, discover topics of interest, and determine what development trends are emerging in this field. Background: Spinal cord injury and its complications often cause an enormous economic burden, and postinjury repair and treatment have always been challenging in clinical and scientific research. Stem cell therapy for spinal cord injury can prevent immune rejection and induce the release of neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory factors to reduce the production of stress-related proteins, reactive oxygen species, and inflammatory reactions. Methods: We analyzed the number and quality of publications in the field of stem cell therapy in spinal cord injury between 2018.01.01 and 2023.06.30 in the core collection database of Web of Science. CiteSpace and VOSviewer were used to sort and summarize these studies by country, institution, authors' publications, and collaborative networks. In addition, the research topics of interest were identified and summarized. Results: This study ultimately included 2,150 valid papers, with the number of publications showing a gradual upward trend. The country, institution, author and journal with the greatest number of publications and citations are China, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dai JW, and the International Journal of Molecular Sciences, respectively. The top three high-frequency keyword clusters were hereditary paraplegia, reactive astrocytes and tissue engineering. Conclusion: With the help of visual analysis, we identified general trends and research topics of interest in the field of spinal cord injury over the last 5 years. Our findings suggest that stem cell transplantation for spinal cord injury and exosome therapy may be a focus of future research. This study provides a foundation for future research on stem cell therapy as well as clinical efforts in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruxing Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jie Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jiahao Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jianxin Yang
- Department of Pain Management, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Nan Shan
- The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qichao Li
- The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chaojian Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yongfeng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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Sutyagina OI, Beilin AK, Vorotelyak EA, Vasiliev AV. Immortalization Reversibility in the Context of Cell Therapy Biosafety. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:7738. [PMID: 37175444 PMCID: PMC10178325 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Immortalization (genetically induced prevention of replicative senescence) is a promising approach to obtain cellular material for cell therapy or for bio-artificial organs aimed at overcoming the problem of donor material shortage. Immortalization is reversed before cells are used in vivo to allow cell differentiation into the mature phenotype and avoid tumorigenic effects of unlimited cell proliferation. However, there is no certainty that the process of de-immortalization is 100% effective and that it does not cause unwanted changes in the cell. In this review, we discuss various approaches to reversible immortalization, emphasizing their advantages and disadvantages in terms of biosafety. We describe the most promising approaches in improving the biosafety of reversibly immortalized cells: CRISPR/Cas9-mediated immortogene insertion, tamoxifen-mediated self-recombination, tools for selection of successfully immortalized cells, using a decellularized extracellular matrix, and ensuring post-transplant safety with the use of suicide genes. The last process may be used as an add-on for previously existing reversible immortalized cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana I. Sutyagina
- N.K. Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Vavilov Str. 26, 119334 Moscow, Russia
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6
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Direct Cell Reprogramming and Phenotypic Conversion: An Analysis of Experimental Attempts to Transform Astrocytes into Neurons in Adult Animals. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040618. [PMID: 36831283 PMCID: PMC9954435 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) repair after injury or disease remains an unresolved problem in neurobiology research and an unmet medical need. Directly reprogramming or converting astrocytes to neurons (AtN) in adult animals has been investigated as a potential strategy to facilitate brain and spinal cord recovery and advance fundamental biology. Conceptually, AtN strategies rely on forced expression or repression of lineage-specific transcription factors to make endogenous astrocytes become "induced neurons" (iNs), presumably without re-entering any pluripotent or multipotent states. The AtN-derived cells have been reported to manifest certain neuronal functions in vivo. However, this approach has raised many new questions and alternative explanations regarding the biological features of the end products (e.g., iNs versus neuron-like cells, neural functional changes, etc.), developmental biology underpinnings, and neurobiological essentials. For this paper per se, we proposed to draw an unconventional distinction between direct cell conversion and direct cell reprogramming, relative to somatic nuclear transfer, based on the experimental methods utilized to initiate the transformation process, aiming to promote a more in-depth mechanistic exploration. Moreover, we have summarized the current tactics employed for AtN induction, comparisons between the bench endeavors concerning outcome tangibility, and discussion of the issues of published AtN protocols. Lastly, the urgency to clearly define/devise the theoretical frameworks, cell biological bases, and bench specifics to experimentally validate primary data of AtN studies was highlighted.
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7
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Khaing ZZ, Chen JY, Safarians G, Ezubeik S, Pedroncelli N, Duquette RD, Prasse T, Seidlits SK. Clinical Trials Targeting Secondary Damage after Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:3824. [PMID: 36835233 PMCID: PMC9960771 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) often causes loss of sensory and motor function resulting in a significant reduction in quality of life for patients. Currently, no therapies are available that can repair spinal cord tissue. After the primary SCI, an acute inflammatory response induces further tissue damage in a process known as secondary injury. Targeting secondary injury to prevent additional tissue damage during the acute and subacute phases of SCI represents a promising strategy to improve patient outcomes. Here, we review clinical trials of neuroprotective therapeutics expected to mitigate secondary injury, focusing primarily on those in the last decade. The strategies discussed are broadly categorized as acute-phase procedural/surgical interventions, systemically delivered pharmacological agents, and cell-based therapies. In addition, we summarize the potential for combinatorial therapies and considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zin Z. Khaing
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jessica Y. Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Gevick Safarians
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sohib Ezubeik
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Nicolas Pedroncelli
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Rebecca D. Duquette
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Tobias Prasse
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Stephanie K. Seidlits
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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8
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Lee S, Nam H, Joo KM, Lee SH. Advances in Neural Stem Cell Therapy for Spinal Cord Injury: Safety, Efficacy, and Future Perspectives. Neurospine 2022; 19:946-960. [PMID: 36351442 PMCID: PMC9816608 DOI: 10.14245/ns.2244658.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating central nervous system injury that leads to severe disabilities in motor and sensory functions, causing significant deterioration in patients' quality of life. Owing to the complexity of SCI pathophysiology, there has been no effective treatment for reversing neural tissue damage and recovering neurological functions. Several novel therapies targeting different stages of pathophysiological mechanisms of SCI have been developed. Among these, treatments using stem cells have great potential for the regeneration of damaged neural tissues. In this review, we have summarized recent preclinical and clinical studies focusing on neural stem cells (NSCs). NSCs are multipotent cells with specific differentiation capabilities for neural lineage. Several preclinical studies have demonstrated the regenerative effects of transplanted NSCs in SCI animal models through both paracrine effects and direct neuronal differentiation, restoring synaptic connectivity and neural networks. Based on the positive results of several preclinical studies, phase I and II clinical trials using NSCs have been performed. Despite several hurdles and issues that need to be addressed in the clinical use of NSCs in patients with SCI, gradual progress in the technical development and therapeutic efficacy of NSCs treatments has enhanced the prospects for cell-based treatments in SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungjoon Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Nam
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea,Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea,Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea,Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Kyeung-Min Joo
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea,Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea,Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea,Corresponding Author Kyeung-Min Joo Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Sun-Ho Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea,Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea,Co-corresponding Author Sun-Ho Lee Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea
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Yang R, Pan J, Wang Y, Xia P, Tai M, Jiang Z, Chen G. Application and prospects of somatic cell reprogramming technology for spinal cord injury treatment. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:1005399. [PMID: 36467604 PMCID: PMC9712200 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1005399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious neurological trauma that is challenging to treat. After SCI, many neurons in the injured area die due to necrosis or apoptosis, and astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia and other non-neuronal cells become dysfunctional, hindering the repair of the injured spinal cord. Corrective surgery and biological, physical and pharmacological therapies are commonly used treatment modalities for SCI; however, no current therapeutic strategies can achieve complete recovery. Somatic cell reprogramming is a promising technology that has gradually become a feasible therapeutic approach for repairing the injured spinal cord. This revolutionary technology can reprogram fibroblasts, astrocytes, NG2 cells and neural progenitor cells into neurons or oligodendrocytes for spinal cord repair. In this review, we provide an overview of the transcription factors, genes, microRNAs (miRNAs), small molecules and combinations of these factors that can mediate somatic cell reprogramming to repair the injured spinal cord. Although many challenges and questions related to this technique remain, we believe that the beneficial effect of somatic cell reprogramming provides new ideas for achieving functional recovery after SCI and a direction for the development of treatments for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyun Yang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jingying Pan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yankai Wang
- Center for Basic Medical Research, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Panhui Xia
- Center for Basic Medical Research, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Mingliang Tai
- Center for Basic Medical Research, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zhihao Jiang
- Center for Basic Medical Research, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Center for Basic Medical Research, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and the Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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10
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Costa G, Ribeiro FF, Sebastião AM, Muir EM, Vaz SH. Bridging the gap of axonal regeneration in the central nervous system: A state of the art review on central axonal regeneration. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1003145. [PMID: 36440273 PMCID: PMC9682039 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1003145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal regeneration in the central nervous system (CNS) is an important field of research with relevance to all types of neuronal injuries, including neurodegenerative diseases. The glial scar is a result of the astrocyte response to CNS injury. It is made up of many components creating a complex environment in which astrocytes play various key roles. The glial scar is heterogeneous, diverse and its composition depends upon the injury type and location. The heterogeneity of the glial scar observed in different situations of CNS damage and the consequent implications for axon regeneration have not been reviewed in depth. The gap in this knowledge will be addressed in this review which will also focus on our current understanding of central axonal regeneration and the molecular mechanisms involved. The multifactorial context of CNS regeneration is discussed, and we review newly identified roles for components previously thought to solely play an inhibitory role in central regeneration: astrocytes and p75NTR and discuss their potential and relevance for deciding therapeutic interventions. The article ends with a comprehensive review of promising new therapeutic targets identified for axonal regeneration in CNS and a discussion of novel ways of looking at therapeutic interventions for several brain diseases and injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalo Costa
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipa F. Ribeiro
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana M. Sebastião
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Elizabeth M. Muir
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra H. Vaz
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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11
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Guo W, Zhang X, Zhai J, Xue J. The roles and applications of neural stem cells in spinal cord injury repair. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:966866. [PMID: 36105599 PMCID: PMC9465243 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.966866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI), which has no current cure, places a severe burden on patients. Stem cell-based therapies are considered promising in attempts to repair injured spinal cords; such options include neural stem cells (NSCs). NSCs are multipotent stem cells that differentiate into neuronal and neuroglial lineages. This feature makes NSCs suitable candidates for regenerating injured spinal cords. Many studies have revealed the therapeutic potential of NSCs. In this review, we discuss from an integrated view how NSCs can help SCI repair. We will discuss the sources and therapeutic potential of NSCs, as well as representative pre-clinical studies and clinical trials of NSC-based therapies for SCI repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Guo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xindan Zhang
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jiliang Zhai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jiliang Zhai, ; Jiajia Xue,
| | - Jiajia Xue
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jiliang Zhai, ; Jiajia Xue,
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12
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NPC transplantation rescues sci-driven cAMP/EPAC2 alterations, leading to neuroprotection and microglial modulation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:455. [PMID: 35904607 PMCID: PMC9338125 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04494-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Neural progenitor cell (NPC) transplantation represents a promising treatment strategy for spinal cord injury (SCI); however, the underlying therapeutic mechanisms remain incompletely understood. We demonstrate that severe spinal contusion in adult rats causes transcriptional dysregulation, which persists from early subacute to chronic stages of SCI and affects nearly 20,000 genes in total tissue extracts. Functional analysis of this dysregulated transcriptome reveals the significant downregulation of cAMP signalling components immediately after SCI, involving genes such as EPAC2 (exchange protein directly activated by cAMP), PKA, BDNF, and CAMKK2. The ectopic transplantation of spinal cord-derived NPCs at acute or subacute stages of SCI induces a significant transcriptional impact in spinal tissue, as evidenced by the normalized expression of a large proportion of SCI-affected genes. The transcriptional modulation pattern driven by NPC transplantation includes the rescued expression of cAMP signalling genes, including EPAC2. We also explore how the sustained in vivo inhibition of EPAC2 downstream signalling via the intrathecal administration of ESI-05 for 1 week impacts therapeutic mechanisms involved in the NPC-mediated treatment of SCI. NPC transplantation in SCI rats in the presence and absence of ESI-05 administration prompts increased rostral cAMP levels; however, NPC and ESI-05 treated animals exhibit a significant reduction in EPAC2 mRNA levels compared to animals receiving only NPCs treatment. Compared with transplanted animals, NPCs + ESI-05 treatment increases the scar area (as shown by GFAP staining), polarizes microglia into an inflammatory phenotype, and increases the magnitude of the gap between NeuN + cells across the lesion. Overall, our results indicate that the NPC-associated therapeutic mechanisms in the context of SCI involve the cAMP pathway, which reduces inflammation and provides a more neuropermissive environment through an EPAC2-dependent mechanism.
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Sesamol Attenuates Neuroinflammation by Regulating the AMPK/SIRT1/NF- κB Signaling Pathway after Spinal Cord Injury in Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:8010670. [PMID: 35035666 PMCID: PMC8758308 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8010670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is one of the crucial mechanisms mediating spinal cord injury (SCI) progress. Sesamol, a component of sesame oil, has anti-inflammatory activity, but its mechanism in SCI remains unclear. We investigated if the AMPK/SIRT1/NF-κB pathway participated in anti-inflammation of sesamol in SCI. Sesamol could inhibit neuronal apoptosis, reduce neuroinflammation, enhance M2 phenotype microglial polarization, and improved motor function recovery in mice after SCI. Furthermore, sesamol increased SIRT1 protein expression and p-AMPK/AMPK ratio, while it downregulated the p-p65/p65 ratio, indicating that sesamol treatment upregulated the AMPK/SIRT1 pathway and inhibited NF-κB activation. However, these effects were blocked by compound C which is a specific AMPK inhibitor. Together, the study suggests that sesamol is a potential drug for antineuroinflammation and improving locomotor functional recovery through regulation of the AMPK/SIRT1/NF-κB pathway in SCI.
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Wang L, Botchway BOA, Liu X. The Repression of the HMGB1-TLR4-NF-κB Signaling Pathway by Safflower Yellow May Improve Spinal Cord Injury. Front Neurosci 2022; 15:803885. [PMID: 35002613 PMCID: PMC8740221 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.803885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) often results in abnormal sensory and motor functions. Current interventions for SCI in the clinical setting are not effective partly due to the complexity concerning its pathophysiological mechanism. In the wake of SCI, considerable inflammatory cells assemble around the injured area that induces a series of inflammatory reactions and aggravates tissue lesions, thereby affecting the recovery of the damaged nerve tissue. Therefore, the inhibition of inflammatory responses can improve the repair of the injured spinal cord tissue. Safflower Yellow (SY) is the main active ingredient of Carthamus tinctorius. SY has anti-inflammatory effect, as it can inhibit IκBα phosphorylation to impede the NF-κB signaling pathway and p53 nuclear translocation. Besides, SY can limit the release of pro-inflammatory factors, which in turn may alleviate secondary SCI and prevent further complications. In this report, we analyze the pathophysiological mechanism of SCI, the role of inflammatory responses, and how SY interferes with the HMGB1-TLR-4-NF-κB signaling pathway to attenuate inflammatory responses in SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Benson O A Botchway
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuehong Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
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15
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Rosiglitazone Ameliorates Spinal Cord Injury via Inhibiting Mitophagy and Inflammation of Neural Stem Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:5583512. [PMID: 35028008 PMCID: PMC8752267 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5583512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, and traumatic brain and spinal cord injury (SCI) are prevalent in clinical practice. Inhibition of hyperactive inflammation and proliferation of endogenous neural stem cells (NSCs) is a promising treatment strategy for SCI. Our previous studies demonstrated the beneficial effects of rosiglitazone (Rosi) on SCI, but its roles in inflammation inhibition and proliferation of NSCs are unknown. METHODS SCI in a rat model was established, and the effects of Rosi on motor functions were assessed. The effects of Rosi on NSC proliferation and the underlying mechanisms were explored in details. RESULTS We showed that Rosi ameliorated impairment of moto functions in SCI rats, inhibited inflammation, and promoted proliferation of NSCs in vivo. Rosi increased ATP production through enhancing glycolysis but not oxidative phosphorylation. Rosi reduced mitophagy by downregulating PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) transcription to promote NSC proliferation, which was effectively reversed by an overexpression of PINK1 in vitro. Through KEGG analysis and experimental validations, we discovered that Rosi reduced the expression of forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) which was a critical transcription factor of PINK1. Three FOXO1 consensus sequences (FCSs) were found in the first intron of the PINK1 gene, which could be potentially binding to FOXO1. The proximal FCS (chr 5: 156680169-156680185) from the translation start site exerted a more significant influence on PINK1 transcription than the other two FCSs. The overexpression of FOXO1 entirely relieved the inhibition of PINK1 transcription in the presence of Rosi. CONCLUSIONS Besides inflammation inhibition, Rosi suppressed mitophagy by reducing FOXO1 to decrease the transcription of PINK1, which played a pivotal role in accelerating the NSC proliferation.
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16
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Zhang C, Li D, Hu H, Wang Z, An J, Gao Z, Zhang K, Mei X, Wu C, Tian H. Engineered extracellular vesicles derived from primary M2 macrophages with anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties for the treatment of spinal cord injury. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:373. [PMID: 34789266 PMCID: PMC8600922 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01123-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Uncontrollable inflammation and nerve cell apoptosis are the most destructive pathological response after spinal cord injury (SCI). So, inflammation suppression combined with neuroprotection is one of the most promising strategies to treat SCI. Engineered extracellular vesicles with anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties are promising candidates for implementing these strategies for the treatment of SCI. Results By combining nerve growth factor (NGF) and curcumin (Cur), we prepared stable engineered extracellular vesicles of approximately 120 nm from primary M2 macrophages with anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties (Cur@EVs−cl−NGF). Notably, NGF was coupled with EVs by matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9)-a cleavable linker to release at the injured site accurately. Through targeted experiments, we found that these extracellular vesicles could actively and effectively accumulate at the injured site of SCI mice, which greatly improved the bioavailability of the drugs. Subsequently, Cur@EVs−cl−NGF reached the injured site and could effectively inhibit the uncontrollable inflammatory response to protect the spinal cord from secondary damage; in addition, Cur@EVs−cl−NGF could release NGF into the microenvironment in time to exert a neuroprotective effect against nerve cell damage. Conclusions A series of in vivo and in vitro experiments showed that the engineered extracellular vesicles significantly improved the microenvironment after injury and promoted the recovery of motor function after SCI. We provide a new method for inflammation suppression combined with neuroprotective strategies to treat SCI. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-021-01123-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanjie Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, No. 2, Section 5, Renmin Street, Jinzhou, 121002, Liaoning, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Engineering of Liaoning Province, No. 40, Songpo Road, Jinzhou, 121002, Liaoning, China
| | - Daoyong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, No. 2, Section 5, Renmin Street, Jinzhou, 121002, Liaoning, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Engineering of Liaoning Province, No. 40, Songpo Road, Jinzhou, 121002, Liaoning, China
| | - Hengshuo Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, No. 2, Section 5, Renmin Street, Jinzhou, 121002, Liaoning, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Engineering of Liaoning Province, No. 40, Songpo Road, Jinzhou, 121002, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, No. 2, Section 5, Renmin Street, Jinzhou, 121002, Liaoning, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Engineering of Liaoning Province, No. 40, Songpo Road, Jinzhou, 121002, Liaoning, China
| | - Jinyu An
- Pharmacy School, Jinzhou Medical University, No. 40, Songpo Road, Jinzhou, 121002, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhanshan Gao
- Pharmacy School, Jinzhou Medical University, No. 40, Songpo Road, Jinzhou, 121002, Liaoning, China
| | - Kaihua Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, No. 2, Section 5, Renmin Street, Jinzhou, 121002, Liaoning, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Engineering of Liaoning Province, No. 40, Songpo Road, Jinzhou, 121002, Liaoning, China
| | - Xifan Mei
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, No. 2, Section 5, Renmin Street, Jinzhou, 121002, Liaoning, China. .,Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Engineering of Liaoning Province, No. 40, Songpo Road, Jinzhou, 121002, Liaoning, China.
| | - Chao Wu
- Pharmacy School, Jinzhou Medical University, No. 40, Songpo Road, Jinzhou, 121002, Liaoning, China.
| | - He Tian
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Jinzhou Medical University, No. 40, Songpo Road, Jinzhou, 121002, Liaoning, China.
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17
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Zawadzka M, Kwaśniewska A, Miazga K, Sławińska U. Perspectives in the Cell-Based Therapies of Various Aspects of the Spinal Cord Injury-Associated Pathologies: Lessons from the Animal Models. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112995. [PMID: 34831217 PMCID: PMC8616284 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic injury of the spinal cord (SCI) is a devastating neurological condition often leading to severe dysfunctions, therefore an improvement in clinical treatment for SCI patients is urgently needed. The potential benefits of transplantation of various cell types into the injured spinal cord have been intensively investigated in preclinical SCI models and clinical trials. Despite the many challenges that are still ahead, cell transplantation alone or in combination with other factors, such as artificial matrices, seems to be the most promising perspective. Here, we reviewed recent advances in cell-based experimental strategies supporting or restoring the function of the injured spinal cord with a particular focus on the regenerative mechanisms that could define their clinical translation.
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18
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Vargova I, Machova Urdzikova L, Karova K, Smejkalova B, Sursal T, Cimermanova V, Turnovcova K, Gandhi CD, Jhanwar-Uniyal M, Jendelova P. Involvement of mTOR Pathways in Recovery from Spinal Cord Injury by Modulation of Autophagy and Immune Response. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9060593. [PMID: 34073791 PMCID: PMC8225190 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9060593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is untreatable and remains the leading cause of disability. Neuroprotection and recovery after SCI can be partially achieved by rapamycin (RAPA) treatment, an inhibitor of mTORC1, complex 1 of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. However, mechanisms regulated by the mTOR pathway are not only controlled by mTORC1, but also by a second mTOR complex (mTORC2). Second-generation inhibitor, pp242, inhibits both mTORC1 and mtORC2, which led us to explore its therapeutic potential after SCI and compare it to RAPA treatment. In a rat balloon-compression model of SCI, the effect of daily RAPA (5 mg/kg; IP) and pp242 (5 mg/kg; IP) treatment on inflammatory responses and autophagy was observed. We demonstrated inhibition of the mTOR pathway after SCI through analysis of p-S6, p-Akt, and p-4E-BP1 levels. Several proinflammatory cytokines were elevated in pp242-treated rats, while RAPA treatment led to a decrease in proinflammatory cytokines. Both RAPA and pp242 treatments caused an upregulation of LC3B and led to improved functional and structural recovery in acute SCI compared to the controls, however, a greater axonal sprouting was seen following RAPA treatment. These results suggest that dual mTOR inhibition by pp242 after SCI induces distinct mechanisms and leads to recovery somewhat inferior to that following RAPA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Vargova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska, 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (I.V.); (L.M.U.); (K.K.); (B.S.); (V.C.); (K.T.)
- 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, V Uvalu 84, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucia Machova Urdzikova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska, 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (I.V.); (L.M.U.); (K.K.); (B.S.); (V.C.); (K.T.)
| | - Kristyna Karova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska, 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (I.V.); (L.M.U.); (K.K.); (B.S.); (V.C.); (K.T.)
| | - Barbora Smejkalova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska, 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (I.V.); (L.M.U.); (K.K.); (B.S.); (V.C.); (K.T.)
- 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, V Uvalu 84, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tolga Sursal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA; (T.S.); (C.D.G.)
| | - Veronika Cimermanova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska, 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (I.V.); (L.M.U.); (K.K.); (B.S.); (V.C.); (K.T.)
| | - Karolina Turnovcova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska, 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (I.V.); (L.M.U.); (K.K.); (B.S.); (V.C.); (K.T.)
| | - Chirag D. Gandhi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA; (T.S.); (C.D.G.)
| | - Meena Jhanwar-Uniyal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA; (T.S.); (C.D.G.)
- Correspondence: (M.J.-U.); (P.J.); Tel.: +420-2-4106-2828 (P.J.)
| | - Pavla Jendelova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska, 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (I.V.); (L.M.U.); (K.K.); (B.S.); (V.C.); (K.T.)
- 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, V Uvalu 84, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (M.J.-U.); (P.J.); Tel.: +420-2-4106-2828 (P.J.)
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Xu N, Xu T, Mirasol R, Holmberg L, Vincent PH, Li X, Falk A, Benedikz E, Rotstein E, Seiger Å, Åkesson E, Falci S, Sundström E. Transplantation of Human Neural Precursor Cells Reverses Syrinx Growth in a Rat Model of Post-Traumatic Syringomyelia. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:1257-1272. [PMID: 33469829 PMCID: PMC8423938 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-020-00987-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Posttraumatic syringomyelia (PTS) is a serious condition of progressive expansion of spinal cord cysts, affecting patients with spinal cord injury years after injury. To evaluate neural cell therapy to prevent cyst expansion and potentially replace lost neurons, we developed a rat model of PTS. We combined contusive trauma with subarachnoid injections of blood, causing tethering of the spinal cord to the surrounding vertebrae, resulting in chronically expanding cysts. The cysts were usually located rostral to the injury, extracanalicular, lined by astrocytes. T2*-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed hyperintense fluid-filled cysts but also hypointense signals from debris and iron-laden macrophages/microglia. Two types of human neural stem/progenitor cells-fetal neural precursor cells (hNPCs) and neuroepithelial-like stem cells (hNESCs) derived from induced pluripotent stem cells-were transplanted to PTS cysts. Cells transplanted into cysts 10 weeks after injury survived at least 10 weeks, migrated into the surrounding parenchyma, but did not differentiate during this period. The cysts were partially obliterated by the cells, and cyst walls often merged with thin layers of cells in between. Cyst volume measurements with MRI showed that the volumes continued to expand in sham-transplanted rats by 102%, while the cyst expansion was effectively prevented by hNPCs and hNESCs transplantation, reducing the cyst volumes by 18.8% and 46.8%, respectively. The volume reductions far exceeded the volume of the added human cells. Thus, in an animal model closely mimicking the clinical situation, we provide proof-of-principle that transplantation of human neural stem/progenitor cells can be used as treatment for PTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Xu
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, and Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tingting Xu
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, BioClinicum J10:30, Karolinska University Hospital, S17164, Solna, Sweden
| | - Raymond Mirasol
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Stroke Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lena Holmberg
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Henrik Vincent
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Falk
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eirikur Benedikz
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- TEK-Innovation, Faculty of Engineering, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000, Odense, Denmark
| | - Emilia Rotstein
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, S-14186, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Åke Seiger
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Åkesson
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholms Sjukhem Foundation, Box 12230, S-10226, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Scott Falci
- Department of Neurosurgery, Craig Hospital, 3425 S. Clarkson St, Englewood, CO, 80110, USA
| | - Erik Sundström
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, BioClinicum J9:20, Karolinska University Hospital, S17164, Solna, Sweden.
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20
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Tian S, Liao L, Zhou Q, Huang X, Zheng P, Guo Y, Deng T, Tian X. Curcumin inhibits the growth of liver cancer by impairing myeloid-derived suppressor cells in murine tumor tissues. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:286. [PMID: 33732362 PMCID: PMC7905673 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin, one of the active ingredients of Curcuma longa (Jianghuang), has been reported to exert multiple bioactivities, including pro-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory activities. In recent years, curcumin has been extensively studied, and it has been revealed that curcumin inhibits the growth of numerous types of cancer. However, to the best of our knowledge, the inhibitory effects of curcumin on the activation or expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in liver cancer and the underlying mechanism have not yet been determined. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of curcumin on MDSC activity and the associated anti-neoplastic mechanism in a HepG2 ×enograft mouse model. The effect of curcumin on the viability of Huh-7, MHCC-97H and HepG2 cells in vitro was analyzed using a Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. The effects of curcumin on tumor growth, numbers of MDSCs, expression levels of proteins involved in the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/NF-κB signaling pathway, levels of related inflammatory factors and angiogenesis were determined in HepG2 ×enograft model mice, which were given different doses of curcumin via intragastrical administration. The results of the present study revealed that curcumin inhibited the viability of Huh-7, MHCC-97H and HepG2 cells and the growth of HepG2 ×enograft tumors in mice. Flow cytometric analysis indicated that curcumin reduced the number of MDSCs in mouse xenograft tumors. In addition, the results demonstrated that curcumin inhibited the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway and the expression of inflammatory factors, including IL-6, IL-1β, prostaglandin E2 and cyclooxygenase-2, in mouse xenograft tumors. Furthermore, curcumin suppressed the secretion of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), which are essential factors for MDSCs modulation, in tumor tissues. Additionally, curcumin was revealed to inhibit angiogenesis, which was demonstrated by the downregulation of the expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor, CD31 and α-smooth muscle actin in western blotting, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence experiments. In conclusion, the findings of the present study identified a novel mechanism via which curcumin may suppress the growth of liver cancer by reducing the numbers of MDSCs and subsequently disrupting the process of angiogenesis. These conclusions were supported by the observed inactivation of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway-mediated inflammatory response and the downregulation of GM-CSF and G-CSF secretion in xenograft tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Tian
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, P.R. China
| | - Liu Liao
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, P.R. China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Department of Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410007, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodi Huang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescription and Syndromes Translational Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, P.R. China
| | - Piao Zheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, P.R. China
| | - Yinmei Guo
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, P.R. China
| | - Tianhao Deng
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Institute of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410006, P.R. China
| | - Xuefei Tian
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, P.R. China
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21
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Jones I, Novikova LN, Wiberg M, Carlsson L, Novikov LN. Human Embryonic Stem Cell-derived Neural Crest Cells Promote Sprouting and Motor Recovery Following Spinal Cord Injury in Adult Rats. Cell Transplant 2021; 30:963689720988245. [PMID: 33522309 PMCID: PMC7863557 DOI: 10.1177/0963689720988245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury results in irreversible tissue damage and permanent sensorimotor impairment. The development of novel therapeutic strategies that improve the life quality of affected individuals is therefore of paramount importance. Cell transplantation is a promising approach for spinal cord injury treatment and the present study assesses the efficacy of human embryonic stem cell–derived neural crest cells as preclinical cell-based therapy candidates. The differentiated neural crest cells exhibited characteristic molecular signatures and produced a range of biologically active trophic factors that stimulated in vitro neurite outgrowth of rat primary dorsal root ganglia neurons. Transplantation of the neural crest cells into both acute and chronic rat cervical spinal cord injury models promoted remodeling of descending raphespinal projections and contributed to the partial recovery of forelimb motor function. The results achieved in this proof-of-concept study demonstrates that human embryonic stem cell–derived neural crest cells warrant further investigation as cell-based therapy candidates for the treatment of spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwan Jones
- 59588Umeå Center for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Mikael Wiberg
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Surgical and Perioperative Science, Section of Hand and Plastic Surgery, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Leif Carlsson
- 59588Umeå Center for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lev N Novikov
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Hydroxylumisterols, Photoproducts of Pre-Vitamin D3, Protect Human Keratinocytes against UVB-Induced Damage. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249374. [PMID: 33317048 PMCID: PMC7763359 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lumisterol (L3) is a stereoisomer of 7-dehydrocholesterol and is produced through the photochemical transformation of 7-dehydrocholesteol induced by high doses of UVB. L3 is enzymatically hydroxylated by CYP11A1, producing 20(OH)L3, 22(OH)L3, 20,22(OH)2L3, and 24(OH)L3. Hydroxylumisterols function as reverse agonists of the retinoic acid-related orphan receptors α and γ (RORα/γ) and can interact with the non-genomic binding site of the vitamin D receptor (VDR). These intracellular receptors are mediators of photoprotection and anti-inflammatory activity. In this study, we show that L3-hydroxyderivatives significantly increase the expression of VDR at the mRNA and protein levels in keratinocytes, both non-irradiated and after UVB irradiation. L3-hydroxyderivatives also altered mRNA and protein levels for RORα/γ in non-irradiated cells, while the expression was significantly decreased in UVB-irradiated cells. In UVB-irradiated keratinocytes, L3-hydroxyderivatives inhibited nuclear translocation of NFκB p65 by enhancing levels of IκBα in the cytosol. This anti-inflammatory activity mediated by L3-hydroxyderivatives through suppression of NFκB signaling resulted in the inhibition of the expression of UVB-induced inflammatory cytokines, including IL-17, IFN-γ, and TNF-α. The L3-hydroxyderivatives promoted differentiation of UVB-irradiated keratinocytes as determined from upregulation of the expression at the mRNA of involucrin (IVL), filaggrine (FLG), and keratin 14 (KRT14), downregulation of transglutaminase 1 (TGM1), keratins including KRT1, and KRT10, and stimulation of ILV expression at the protein level. We conclude that CYP11A1-derived hydroxylumisterols are promising photoprotective agents capable of suppressing UVB-induced inflammatory responses and restoring epidermal function through targeting the VDR and RORs.
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Gong L, Lv Y, Li S, Feng T, Zhou Y, Sun Y, Mi D. Changes in transcriptome profiling during the acute/subacute phases of contusional spinal cord injury in rats. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1682. [PMID: 33490194 PMCID: PMC7812200 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-6519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Spinal cord injuries (SCIs), along with subsequent secondary injuries, often result in irreversible damage to both sensory and motor functions. However, a thorough view of the underlying pathological mechanisms of SCIs, especially in a temporal-spatial manner, is still lacking. Methods To obtain a comprehensive, real-time view of multiple subsets of the cellular mechanisms involved in SCIs, we applied RNA-sequencing technology to characterize the temporal changes in gene expression around the lesion site of contusion SCI in rats. First, we identified the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in contrast to sham controls at 1, 4, and 7 days post SCI. Through bioinformatics analysis, including Pathway analysis, Gene-act-net, and Pathway-act-net, we screened and verified potential key pathways and genes associated with either the acute or subacute stages of SCI pathology. Results The top three overrepresented pathways were associated with cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, TNF signaling pathway, and cell cycle at day 1; lysosome, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, phagosome at day 4; and phagosome, lysosome, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction at day 7 post injury. Further, we identified uniquely enriched genes at each time point, such as Ccr1 and Nos2 at day 1; as well as Mgst2, and Pla2g3 at 4 and 7 days post-injury. Conclusions Our pathway analysis suggested a transition from inflammatory responses to multiple forms of cell death processes from the acute to subacute stages of SCI. Further, our results revealed a continuous transformation from a more inflammatory to an apoptotic/self-repairing transcriptome following the time-course of SCIs. Our research provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of SCI pathophysiology and identifies potential targets for therapeutic intervention after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Gong
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yehua Lv
- Department of Orthopedic, Nantong Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Nantong, China
| | - Shenglong Li
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Tao Feng
- Department of Orthopedic, Nantong Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Nantong, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic, Nantong Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Nantong, China
| | - Yuyu Sun
- Department of Orthopedic, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Daguo Mi
- Department of Orthopedic, Nantong Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Nantong, China
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Xue X, Zhang L, Yin X, Chen XX, Chen ZF, Wang CX, Xiang Y, Liu MY, Zhao JH. Transplantation of neural stem cells preconditioned with high‑mobility group box 1 facilitates functional recovery after spinal cord injury in rats. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:4725-4733. [PMID: 33174002 PMCID: PMC7646886 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating disorder that often results in temporary and/or permanent functional impairment below the injured level. To date, few satisfactory therapeutic strategies are available to treat SCI. Hence, exploring novel strategies for SCI is an essential public health concern. Cell transplantation therapy, which is associated with neuroprotection, immunomodulation, axon regeneration, neuronal relay formation and myelin regeneration, provides a promising therapeutic strategy for SCI. The neuronal stem cell (NSC) preconditioning method is an emerging approach, which facilitates NSC survival and neuronal differentiation after implantation. The aim of the present study was to develop a feasible candidate for cell-based therapy following SCI in rats and to investigate the role of high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) in NSC activation. The results of the present study showed that transplantation of NSCs, preconditioned with 1 ng/ml HMGB1, facilitated functional improvement of injured spinal cords, as indicated by Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan mean scores, mechanical hypersensitivity and cold stimulation. Meanwhile, the histological examination of hematoxylin and eosin staining indicated that engraftment of HMGB1-preconditioned NSCs resulted in decreased atrophy of the injured spinal cord. Meanwhile, the transplantation of HMGB1-preconditioned NSCs resulted in an increased number of functional Nissl bodies in neurons, as detected by Nissl staining, and an increase in the number of βIII-tubulin+ cells in the epicenter of injured spinal cords in rats with SCI. In addition, the results also demonstrated that 1 ng/ml HMGB1 promoted the differentiation of NSCs into neurons, and that the ERK signaling pathway played an important role in this process. In conclusion, the present data indicated that the preconditioning strategy with 1 ng/ml HMGB1 may present a feasible candidate for cell-based therapy following SCI in rats, which may enlarge the scope of HMGB1 in NSC activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xue
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Daping Hospital, Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Daping Hospital, Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Yin
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Daping Hospital, Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Xing-Xing Chen
- Department of Orthopedic, No. 517 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Xinzhou, Shanxi 030002, P.R. China
| | - Zong-Feng Chen
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Daping Hospital, Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Chen-Xu Wang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Daping Hospital, Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Yu Xiang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Daping Hospital, Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Yong Liu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Daping Hospital, Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Hua Zhao
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Daping Hospital, Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
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Li X, Yu Z, Zong W, Chen P, Li J, Wang M, Ding F, Xie M, Wang W, Luo X. Deficiency of the microglial Hv1 proton channel attenuates neuronal pyroptosis and inhibits inflammatory reaction after spinal cord injury. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:263. [PMID: 32891159 PMCID: PMC7487532 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01942-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes neurological dysfunction with devastating consequences. SCI pathogenesis is accompanied by inflammasome activation and neuronal damage. But the spatial pattern and the time course of neuronal pyroptosis and apoptosis after SCI should be further elucidated. The microglial voltage-gated proton channel (Hv1) is implicated in reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced neuronal damage following ischemic stroke. However, there is a lack of quantification on the neuronal pyroptosis and apoptosis associated with microglial Hv1 after SCI. METHODS We analyzed spatial and temporal characteristics of neuronal pyroptosis and apoptosis following SCI and investigated the effects of Hv1 deficiency on neuronal pyroptosis and the nod-like receptor 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome pathway by using a mouse model of SCI. We tested the effects of Hv1-deficient microglia on ROS production in vivo and examined the relationship between ROS and neuronal pyroptosis in vitro. RESULTS We observed that apoptosis was detected closer to the injury core than pyroptosis. The incidence of neuronal apoptosis peaked on day 1 after SCI and occurred before pyroptosis. Hv1 deficiency reduced neuronal apoptosis and NLRP3-inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis, improved axonal regeneration, and reduced motor deficits. SCI led to elevated ROS levels, whereas Hv1 deficiency downregulated microglial ROS generation. In vitro, ROS upregulated neuronal pyroptosis and activated the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway, both of which were reversed by addition of a ROS scavenger. Our results suggested that microglial Hv1 regulated neuronal apoptosis and NLRP3-induced neuronal pyroptosis after SCI by mediating ROS production. CONCLUSION Following SCI, neuronal pyroptosis lasted longer and occurred farther away from the injury core compared with that of neuronal apoptosis. Microglial Hv1 deficiency downregulated microglial ROS generation and reduced apoptosis and NLRP3-induced neuronal pyroptosis. Our findings may provide novel insights into Hv1-associated mechanisms underlying neuronal damage after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Li
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zhiyuan Yu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Weifeng Zong
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Minghuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Fengfei Ding
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Minjie Xie
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiang Luo
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Zou Y, Ma D, Shen H, Zhao Y, Xu B, Fan Y, Sun Z, Chen B, Xue W, Shi Y, Xiao Z, Gu R, Dai J. Aligned collagen scaffold combination with human spinal cord-derived neural stem cells to improve spinal cord injury repair. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:5145-5156. [PMID: 32832944 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm00431f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neural stem/progenitor cell (NSPC)-based spinal cord injury (SCI) therapy is expected to bridge the lesion site by transplanting exogenous NSPCs for replacement of lost cells. The transplanted NSPCs produce a microenvironment conducive to neuronal regeneration, and ultimately, functional recovery. Although both human fetal brain- and spinal cord- derived NSPCs (hbNSPCs and hscNSPCs, respectively) have been used for SCI repair, it remains unclear whether hscNSPCs are a more appropriate stem cell source for transplantation than hbNSPCs. Therefore, in this study, we transplanted hbNSPCs or hscNSPCs into rats with complete transection SCI to monitor their differences in SCI treatment. An aligned collagen sponge scaffold (ACSS) was used here for cell retention. Aligned biomaterial scaffolds provide a support platform and favorable morphology for cell growth and differentiation, and guide axial axonal extension. The ACSS fabricated by our group has been previously reported to improve spinal cord repair by promoting neuronal regeneration and remyelination. Compared with the hbNSPC-ACSS, the hscNSPC-ACSS effectively promoted long-term cell survival and neuronal differentiation and improved the SCI microenvironment by reducing inflammation and glial scar formation. Furthermore, the transplanted hscNSPC-ACSS improved recovery of locomotor functions. Therefore, hscNSPCs appear to be a superior cell source to hbNSPCs for SCI cell therapy with greater potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Zou
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun 130033, China.
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27
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Chaiprasongsuk A, Janjetovic Z, Kim TK, Tuckey RC, Li W, Raman C, Panich U, Slominski AT. CYP11A1-derived vitamin D 3 products protect against UVB-induced inflammation and promote keratinocytes differentiation. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 155:87-98. [PMID: 32447000 PMCID: PMC7339935 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
UVB radiation mediates inflammatory responses causing skin damage and defects in epidermal differentiation. 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) interacts with the vitamin D3 receptor (VDR) to regulate inflammatory responses. Additionally, 1,25(OH)2D3/VDR signaling represents a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of skin disorders associated with inflammation and poor differentiation of keratinocytes. Since the protective effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 against UVB-induced skin damage and inflammation is recognized, CYP11A1-derived vitamin D3-hydroxyderivatives including 20(OH)D3, 1,20(OH)2D3, 20,23(OH)2D3 and 1,20,23(OH)3D3 were tested for their anti-inflammatory and skin protection properties in UVB-irradiated human epidermal keratinocytes (HEKn). HEKn were treated with secosteroids for 24 h pre- and post-UVB (50 mJ/cm2) irradiation. Secosteroids modulated the expression of the inflammatory response genes (IL-17, NF-κB p65, and IκB-α), reducing nuclear-NF-κB-p65 activity and increasing cytosolic-IκB-α expression as well as that of pro-inflammatory mediators, IL-17, TNF-α, and IFN-γ. They stimulated the expression of involucrin (IVL) and cytokeratin 10 (CK10), the major markers of epidermal differentiation, in UVB-irradiated cells. We conclude that CYP11A1-derived hydroxyderivatives inhibit UVB-induced epidermal inflammatory responses through activation of IκB-α expression and suppression of NF-kB-p65 activity and its downstream signaling cytokines, TNF-α, and IFN-γ, as well as by inhibiting IL-17 production and activating epidermal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anyamanee Chaiprasongsuk
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Faculty of Medicine and Public Health, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Zorica Janjetovic
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Tae-Kang Kim
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Robert C Tuckey
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Chander Raman
- Department of Medicine and Microbiology, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Uraiwan Panich
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Andrzej T Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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28
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Fischer I, Dulin JN, Lane MA. Transplanting neural progenitor cells to restore connectivity after spinal cord injury. Nat Rev Neurosci 2020; 21:366-383. [PMID: 32518349 PMCID: PMC8384139 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-020-0314-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury remains a scientific and therapeutic challenge with great cost to individuals and society. The goal of research in this field is to find a means of restoring lost function. Recently we have seen considerable progress in understanding the injury process and the capacity of CNS neurons to regenerate, as well as innovations in stem cell biology. This presents an opportunity to develop effective transplantation strategies to provide new neural cells to promote the formation of new neuronal networks and functional connectivity. Past and ongoing clinical studies have demonstrated the safety of cell therapy, and preclinical research has used models of spinal cord injury to better elucidate the underlying mechanisms through which donor cells interact with the host and thus increase long-term efficacy. While a variety of cell therapies have been explored, we focus here on the use of neural progenitor cells obtained or derived from different sources to promote connectivity in sensory, motor and autonomic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itzhak Fischer
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Jennifer N Dulin
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Michael A Lane
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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29
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Gong Z, Wang C, Ni L, Ying L, Shu J, Wang J, Yu C, Xia K, Cheng F, Shi K, Xu G, Yu Q, Shen J, Chen Q, Li F, Liang C. An injectable recombinant human milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor 8-loaded copolymer system for spinal cord injury reduces inflammation through NF-κB and neuronal cell death. Cytotherapy 2020; 22:193-203. [PMID: 32173261 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2020.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a common disease and a major cause of paralysis, carrying much burden around the world. Despite the progress made with growth factors therapy, the response rate of acute SCI treatment still remains unsatisfactory, due largely to complex and severe inflammatory reactions. Herein, we prepare a MFG-E8-loaded copolymer system-based anti-inflammation therapy for SCI treatment. It is shown that the MFG-E8-loaded copolymer system can decrease pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and neuron death. In a rat model of crush-caused SCI, the copolymer system shows significant therapeutic efficacy by ameliorating inflammation, decreasing fibrotic scar, promoting myelin regeneration and suppressing overall SCI severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Gong
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenggui Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Licheng Ni
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liwei Ying
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiawei Shu
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingkai Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kaishun Xia
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kesi Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guoping Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Qunfei Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | | | - Qixin Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Fangcai Li
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Chengzhen Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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30
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Willis CM, Nicaise AM, Peruzzotti-Jametti L, Pluchino S. The neural stem cell secretome and its role in brain repair. Brain Res 2020; 1729:146615. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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31
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The Inhibition of Inflammatory Signaling Pathway by Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor can Improve Spinal Cord Injury. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 40:1067-1073. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00799-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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32
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Mohammed R, Opara K, Lall R, Ojha U, Xiang J. Evaluating the effectiveness of anti-Nogo treatment in spinal cord injuries. Neural Dev 2020; 15:1. [PMID: 31918754 PMCID: PMC6953157 DOI: 10.1186/s13064-020-0138-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As humans, we cannot regenerate axons within the central nervous system (CNS), therefore, making any damage to it permanent. This leads to the loss of sensory and motor function below the site of injury and can be crippling to a person’s health. Spontaneous recovery can occur from plastic changes, but it is minimal. The absence of regeneration is due to the inhibitory environment of the CNS as well as the inherent inability of CNS axons to form growth cones. Amongst many factors, one of the major inhibitory signals of the CNS environment is the myelin-associated Nogo pathway. Nogo-A, Nogo-B and Nogo-C (Nogo), stimulate the Nogo receptor, inhibiting neurite outgrowth by causing growth cones to collapse through activation of Rho Kinase (ROCK). Antibodies can be used to target this signalling pathway by binding to Nogo and thus promote the outgrowth of neuronal axons in the CNS. This use of anti-Nogo antibodies has been shown to upregulate CNS regeneration as well as drastically improve sensory and motor function in both rats and primates when coupled with adequate training. Here, we evaluate whether the experimental success of anti-Nogo at improving CNS regeneration can be carried over into the clinical setting to treat spinal cord injuries (SCI) and their symptoms successfully. Furthermore, we also discuss potential methods to improve the current treatment and any developmental obstacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raihan Mohammed
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Hills Rd, Cambridge, CB2 0SP, UK.
| | - Kaesi Opara
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Hills Rd, Cambridge, CB2 0SP, UK
| | - Rahul Lall
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Hills Rd, Cambridge, CB2 0SP, UK
| | - Utkarsh Ojha
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jinpo Xiang
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
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33
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Singh S, Singh TG. Role of Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB) Signalling in Neurodegenerative Diseases: An Mechanistic Approach. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 18:918-935. [PMID: 32031074 PMCID: PMC7709146 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x18666200207120949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A transcriptional regulatory nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) protein is a modulator of cellular biological activity via binding to a promoter region in the nucleus and transcribing various protein genes. The recent research implicated the intensive role of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in diseases like autoimmune disorder, inflammatory, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, targeting the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) protein offers a new opportunity as a therapeutic approach. Activation of IκB kinase/NF-κB signaling pathway leads to the development of various pathological conditions in human beings, such as neurodegenerative, inflammatory disorders, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. Therefore, the transcriptional activity of IκB kinase/NF- κB is strongly regulated at various cascade pathways. The nuclear factor NF-kB pathway plays a major role in the expression of pro-inflammatory genes, including cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules. In response to the diverse stimuli, the cytosolic sequestered NF-κB in an inactivated form by binding with an inhibitor molecule protein (IkB) gets phosphorylated and translocated into the nucleus further transcribing various genes necessary for modifying various cellular functions. The various researches confirmed the role of different family member proteins of NF-κB implicated in expressing various genes products and mediating various cellular cascades. MicroRNAs, as regulators of NF- κB microRNAs play important roles in the regulation of the inflammatory process. Therefore, the inhibitor of NF-κB and its family members plays a novel therapeutic target in preventing various diseases. Regulation of NF- κB signaling pathway may be a safe and effective treatment strategy for various disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shareen Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
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Ma S, Zhang C, Zhang Z, Dai Y, Gu R, Jiang R. Geniposide protects PC12 cells from lipopolysaccharide-evoked inflammatory injury via up-regulation of miR-145-5p. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 47:2875-2881. [PMID: 31307231 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1626406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Geniposide is an active ingredient with anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory properties. This study was to examine the effects of geniposide on a cell model of spinal cord injury (SCI). PC12 cells were administrated with geniposide before subjected to LPS. The effects of geniposide were analyzed by utilizing CCK-8 assay, apoptosis assay, ELISA, RT-qPCR and Western blot. We found that PC12 cells viability was unchanged by treating with geniposide. However, geniposide with concentrations of 200 or 300 μg/mL significantly mitigated LPS-evoked viability loss. Meanwhile, apoptosis driven by LPS was mitigated by geniposide, which accompanied with p53, Bax and cleaved caspase-3 down-regulation, and Bcl-2 up-regulation. Besides this, the expression and release of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α evoked by LPS were mitigated by geniposide. miR-145-5p was a target of geniposide. miR-145-5p expression was up-regulated by geniposide, and geniposide did not protect PC12 cells against LPS injury when miR-145-5p was silenced. Moreover, geniposide inhibited NF-κB and JNK pathways via up-regulating miR-145-5p. In short, the present work described the neuroprotective effects of geniposide by targeting miR-145-5p. Further mechanisms involved in geniposide's beneficial effects are correlated with the inhibited NF-κB and JNK pathways. Highlights Geniposide prevents LPS-induced injury in PC12 cells; Geniposide up-regulates miR-145-5p; Geniposide protects PC12 cells via up-regulation of miR-145-5p; Geniposide inhibits NF-κB and JNK pathways via up-regulation of miR-145-5p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaolong Ma
- a Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , China
| | - Chao Zhang
- b Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , China
| | - Ziyan Zhang
- c Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , China
| | - Yuxuan Dai
- a Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , China
| | - Rui Gu
- a Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , China
| | - Rui Jiang
- a Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , China
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He Y, Liu X, Chen Z. Glial Scar-a Promising Target for Improving Outcomes After CNS Injury. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 70:340-352. [PMID: 31776856 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-01417-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
After central nervous system (CNS) injury, a series of stress responses induce astrocytes activation. Reactive astrocytes, which are typically different from astrocytes in normal conditions in altered morphology and gene expression, combine with extracellular matrix (ECM) components to form a glial scar at the lesion site, which walls of the injured region from neighboring healthier tissue. However, as a physical and molecular barrier, glial scar can impede patients' functional recovery in the late period of CNS injury. Thus, inhibiting glial scar formation in the chronic stage after CNS injury may be a promising target to improve outcomes. Since the therapeutic strategies targeting on mediating glial scar formation are regarded as an important part on improving functional recovery after CNS injury, in this review, we focus on the regulating effects of related signaling pathways and other molecules on glial scar, and the process of glial scar formation and the roles that it plays during the acute and chronic stages are also expounded in this article. We hope to get a comprehensive understanding of glial scar during CNS injury based on current researches and to open new perspectives for the therapies to promote functional recovery after CNS injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan He
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuyi People's Hospital, 28 Hongwu Road, Xuyi, 211700, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuyi People's Hospital, 28 Hongwu Road, Xuyi, 211700, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongying Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuyi People's Hospital, 28 Hongwu Road, Xuyi, 211700, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Wang C, Zhang L, Ndong JDLC, Hettinghouse A, Sun G, Chen C, Zhang C, Liu R, Liu CJ. Progranulin deficiency exacerbates spinal cord injury by promoting neuroinflammation and cell apoptosis in mice. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:238. [PMID: 31775776 PMCID: PMC6882111 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1630-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Spinal cord injury (SCI) often results in significant and catastrophic dysfunction and disability and imposes a huge economic burden on society. This study aimed to determine whether progranulin (PGRN) plays a role in the progressive damage following SCI and evaluate the potential for development of a PGRN derivative as a new therapeutic target in SCI. METHODS PGRN-deficient (Gr-/-) and wild-type (WT) littermate mice were subjected to SCI using a weight-drop technique. Local PGRN expression following injury was evaluated by Western blotting and immunofluorescence. Basso Mouse Scale (BMS), inclined grid walking test, and inclined plane test were conducted at indicated time points to assess neurological recovery. Inflammation and apoptosis were examined by histology (Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining and Nissl staining, TUNEL assays, and immunofluorescence), Western blotting (from whole tissue protein for iNOS/p-p65/Bax/Bcl-2), and ex vivo ELISA (for TNFα/IL-1β/IL-6/IL-10). To identify the prophylactic and therapeutic potential of targeting PGRN, a PGRN derived small protein, Atsttrin, was conjugated to PLGA-PEG-PLGA thermosensitive hydrogel and injected into intrathecal space prior to SCI. BMS was recorded for neurological recovery and Western blotting was applied to detect the inflammatory and apoptotic proteins. RESULTS After SCI, PGRN was highly expressed in activated macrophage/microglia and peaked at day 7 post-injury. Grn-/- mice showed a delayed neurological recovery after SCI at day 21, 28, 35, and 42 post-injury relative to WT controls. Histology, TUNEL assay, immunofluorescence, Western blotting, and ELISA all indicated that Grn-/- mice manifested uncontrolled and expanded inflammation and apoptosis. Administration of control-released Atsttrin could improve the neurological recovery and the pro-inflammatory/pro-apoptotic effect of PGRN deficiency. CONCLUSION PGRN deficiency exacerbates SCI by promoting neuroinflammation and cellular apoptosis, which can be alleviated by Atsttrin. Collectively, our data provide novel evidence of using PGRN derivatives as a promising therapeutic approach to improve the functional recovery for patients with spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10003, USA.,Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Jean De La Croix Ndong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Aubryanna Hettinghouse
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Guodong Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Changhong Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Ronghan Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Chuan-Ju Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10003, USA. .,Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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Guo S, Wang L, Xie Y, Luo X, Zhang S, Xiong L, Ai H, Yuan Z, Wang J. Bibliometric and Visualized Analysis of Stem Cells Therapy for Spinal Cord Injury Based on Web of Science and CiteSpace in the Last 20 Years. World Neurosurg 2019; 132:e246-e258. [PMID: 31493613 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.08.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide an analysis of Web of Science (WoS) indexed literature related to stem cells therapy in spinal cord injury published between 1999 and 2018. METHODS Data were obtained from the WoS Core Collection on March 30, 2019. Qualitative and quantitative analysis was conducted based on WoS. Co-citation analysis, collaboration analysis, and co-words analysis of keywords was conducted by using CiteSpace. RESULTS A total of 4188 references were obtained. The number of publications continually increased over the investigated period. Articles were the most frequently document type. Cell Transplantation (127) was the most productive journal. Experimental Neurology (2180) was the most frequently co-cited journal. H. Okano was the most productive and influential author, with 98 publications and 4860 cited counts. The most productive country and institution were the United States and University of Toronto, respectively. Researchers and institutions from Canada, the United States, Japan, and China were the core research forces. There was a broad and close cooperation worldwide. The Lu et al.'s (2012) article (co-citation counts, 177) was the most representative and symbolic reference. Transplantation, functional recovery, marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell treatment, and progenitor cells were the hot spots. Inflammation, glial scar, nerve regeneration, neurite outgrowth, and bone marrow stromal cell were research frontiers. CONCLUSIONS Research on stem cells for spinal cord injury is a well-developed and promising research field. There is broad global scientific research cooperation. More cooperation among top authors, institutions, and countries is needed. Our results may be helpful for researchers in identifying further potential perspectives on collaborators, research frontiers, and hot topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengmin Guo
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Xie
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Luo
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaojun Zhang
- Rehabilitation Department, the Hospital of Mianzhu City, Mianzhu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Linbo Xiong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Ai
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Mianyang, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihao Yuan
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxiong Wang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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Pereira IM, Marote A, Salgado AJ, Silva NA. Filling the Gap: Neural Stem Cells as A Promising Therapy for Spinal Cord Injury. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:ph12020065. [PMID: 31035689 PMCID: PMC6631328 DOI: 10.3390/ph12020065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) can lead to severe motor, sensory and social impairments having a huge impact on patients’ lives. The complex and time-dependent SCI pathophysiology has been hampering the development of novel and effective therapies. Current treatment options include surgical interventions, to stabilize and decompress the spinal cord, and rehabilitative care, without providing a cure for these patients. Novel therapies have been developed targeting different stages during trauma. Among them, cell-based therapies hold great potential for tissue regeneration after injury. Neural stem cells (NSCs), which are multipotent cells with inherent differentiation capabilities committed to the neuronal lineage, are especially relevant to promote and reestablish the damaged neuronal spinal tracts. Several studies demonstrate the regenerative effects of NSCs in SCI after transplantation by providing neurotrophic support and restoring synaptic connectivity. Therefore, human clinical trials have already been launched to assess safety in SCI patients. Here, we review NSC-based experimental studies in a SCI context and how are they currently being translated into human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês M Pereira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Ana Marote
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - António J Salgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Nuno A Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
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