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Bussmann AJC, Santos LFS, Ferreira RN, Pires BG, Gerez JR, Bracarense APFRL, Filho SCFG, Verri WA, Borghi SM. Leishmania spp. amastigotes surrounding sensory nerve fibers in human painless skin ulcers: Evidence of pathogen-neuron proximity and absence of neuronal apoptosis. Acta Trop 2024; 256:107265. [PMID: 38772434 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
In this present study, carried out between November 2020 and July 2023 at Londrina's University Hospital, patients with active lesions of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) were analyzed regarding pain perception and anatomopathological aspects of the ulcers. Pain was assessed using a numerical rating scale (NRS) to compare five patients diagnosed with CL with four control patients diagnosed with vascular skin ulcers. Histopathological evaluations were used to investigate the nociceptor neuron-Leishmania interface. Patients with CL ulcers reported less pain compared to patients with vascular ulcers (2.60 ± 2.30 and 7.25 ± 0.95, respectively, p = 0.0072). Histopathology evidenced Leishmania spp. amastigote forms nearby sensory nerve fibers in profound dermis. Schwann cells marker (S100 protein) was detected, and caspase-3 activation was not evidenced in the in the nerve fibers of CL patients' samples, suggesting absence of apoptotic activity in nerve endings. Additionally, samples taken from the active edge of the lesion were negative for bacilli acid-alcohol resistant (BAAR), which excludes concomitant leprosy, in which painless lesions are also observed. Thus, the present data unveil for the first time anatomopathological and microbiological details of painless ulcers in CL patients, which has important clinical implications for a better understanding on the intriguing painless clinical characteristic of CL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan J C Bussmann
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy, and Cancer, Department of Pathology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil; Laboratory of Pathologic Anatomy, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, 86038-350, Brazil
| | - Luis Felipe S Santos
- Resident doctor in dermatology at the University Hospital, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, 86038-350, Brazil
| | - Renan N Ferreira
- Laboratory of Pathologic Anatomy, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, 86038-350, Brazil
| | - Bárbara G Pires
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Juliana R Gerez
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil
| | | | - Silvio Cesar F G Filho
- Laboratory of Pathologic Anatomy, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, 86038-350, Brazil
| | - Waldiceu A Verri
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy, and Cancer, Department of Pathology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Sergio M Borghi
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy, and Cancer, Department of Pathology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil; Center for Research in Health Sciences, University of Northern Paraná, Londrina, Paraná, 86041-140, Brazil.
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Otero G, Bolatto C, Isasi E, Cerri S, Rodríguez P, Boragno D, Marco M, Parada C, Stancov M, Cuitinho MN, Olivera-Bravo S. Adult aberrant astrocytes submitted to late passage cultivation lost differentiation markers and decreased their pro-inflammatory profile. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30360. [PMID: 38711658 PMCID: PMC11070869 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), astrocytes are considered key players in some non-cell non-neuronal autonomous mechanisms that underlie motor neuron death. However, it is unknown how much of these deleterious features were permanently acquired. To assess this point, we evaluated if the most remarkable features of neurotoxic aberrant glial phenotypes (AbAs) isolated from paralytic rats of the ALS model G93A Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) could remain upon long lasting cultivation. Real time PCR, immunolabelling and zymography analysis showed that upon many passages, AbAs preserved the cell proliferation capacity, mitochondrial function and response to different compounds that inhibit some key astrocyte functions but decreased the expression of parameters associated to cell lineage, homeostasis and inflammation. As these results are contrary to the sustained inflammatory status observed along disease progression in SOD1G93A rats, we propose that the most AbAs remarkable features related to homeostasis and neurotoxicity were not permanently acquired and might depend on the signaling coming from the injuring microenvironment present in the degenerating spinal cord of terminal rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Otero
- Department of Neurobiology and Neuropathology (NBNP), Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable (IIBCE), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Carmen Bolatto
- Department of Neurobiology and Neuropathology (NBNP), Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable (IIBCE), Montevideo, Uruguay
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Eugenia Isasi
- Department of Neurobiology and Neuropathology (NBNP), Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable (IIBCE), Montevideo, Uruguay
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Sofía Cerri
- Department of Neurobiology and Neuropathology (NBNP), Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable (IIBCE), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Paola Rodríguez
- Department of Neurobiology and Neuropathology (NBNP), Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable (IIBCE), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Daniela Boragno
- Department of Neurobiology and Neuropathology (NBNP), Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable (IIBCE), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Marta Marco
- Department of Neurobiology and Neuropathology (NBNP), Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable (IIBCE), Montevideo, Uruguay
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Chemistry (UdelaR), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Cristina Parada
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Matías Stancov
- Department of Neurobiology and Neuropathology (NBNP), Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable (IIBCE), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - María Noel Cuitinho
- Department of Neurobiology and Neuropathology (NBNP), Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable (IIBCE), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Silvia Olivera-Bravo
- Department of Neurobiology and Neuropathology (NBNP), Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable (IIBCE), Montevideo, Uruguay
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Green-Fulgham SM, Ball JB, Kwilasz AJ, Harland ME, Frank MG, Dragavon JM, Grace PM, Watkins LR. Interleukin-1beta and inflammasome expression in spinal cord following chronic constriction injury in male and female rats. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 115:157-168. [PMID: 37838078 PMCID: PMC10841465 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Females represent a majority of chronic pain patients and show greater inflammatory immune responses in human chronic pain patient populations as well as in animal models of neuropathic pain. Recent discoveries in chronic pain research have revealed sex differences in inflammatory signaling, a key component of sensory pathology in chronic neuropathic pain, inviting more research into the nuances of these sex differences. Here we use the chronic constriction injury (CCI) model to explore similarities and differences in expression and production of Inflammatory cytokine IL-1beta in the lumbar spinal cord, as well as its role in chronic pain. We have discovered that intrathecal IL-1 receptor antagonist reverses established pain in both sexes, and increased gene expression of inflammasome NLRP3 is specific to microglia and astrocytes rather than neurons, while IL-1beta is specific to microglia in both sexes. We report several sex differences in the expression level of the genes coding for IL-1beta, as well as the four inflammasomes responsible for IL-1beta release: NLRP3, AIM2, NLRP1, and NLRC4 in the spinal cord. Total mRNA, but not protein expression of IL-1beta is greater in females than males after CCI. Also, while CCI increases all four inflammasomes in both sexes, there are sex differences in relative levels of inflammasome expression. NLRP3 and AIM2 are more highly expressed in females, whereas NLRP1 expression is greater in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M Green-Fulgham
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, and the Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Jayson B Ball
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, and the Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Andrew J Kwilasz
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, and the Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Michael E Harland
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, and the Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Matthew G Frank
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, and the Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Joseph M Dragavon
- Advanced Light Microscopy Core, BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Peter M Grace
- Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Department of Symptom Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Linda R Watkins
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, and the Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States.
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Wang J, Yin C, Pan Y, Yang Y, Li W, Ni H, Liu B, Nie H, Xu R, Wei H, Zhang Y, Li Y, Hu Q, Tai Y, Shao X, Fang J, Liu B. CXCL13 contributes to chronic pain of a mouse model of CRPS-I via CXCR5-mediated NF-κB activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production in spinal cord dorsal horn. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:109. [PMID: 37158939 PMCID: PMC10165831 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02778-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complex regional pain syndrome type-I (CRPS-I) causes excruciating pain that affect patients' life quality. However, the mechanisms underlying CRPS-I are incompletely understood, which hampers the development of target specific therapeutics. METHODS The mouse chronic post-ischemic pain (CPIP) model was established to mimic CRPS-I. qPCR, Western blot, immunostaining, behavioral assay and pharmacological methods were used to study mechanisms underlying neuroinflammation and chronic pain in spinal cord dorsal horn (SCDH) of CPIP mice. RESULTS CPIP mice developed robust and long-lasting mechanical allodynia in bilateral hindpaws. The expression of inflammatory chemokine CXCL13 and its receptor CXCR5 was significantly upregulated in ipsilateral SCDH of CPIP mice. Immunostaining revealed CXCL13 and CXCR5 was predominantly expressed in spinal neurons. Neutralization of spinal CXCL13 or genetic deletion of Cxcr5 (Cxcr5-/-) significantly reduced mechanical allodynia, as well as spinal glial cell overactivation and c-Fos activation in SCDH of CPIP mice. Mechanical pain causes affective disorder in CPIP mice, which was attenuated in Cxcr5-/- mice. Phosphorylated STAT3 co-expressed with CXCL13 in SCDH neurons and contributed to CXCL13 upregulation and mechanical allodynia in CPIP mice. CXCR5 coupled with NF-κB signaling in SCDH neurons to trigger pro-inflammatory cytokine gene Il6 upregulation, contributing to mechanical allodynia. Intrathecal CXCL13 injection produced mechanical allodynia via CXCR5-dependent NF-κB activation. Specific overexpression of CXCL13 in SCDH neurons is sufficient to induce persistent mechanical allodynia in naïve mice. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrated a previously unidentified role of CXCL13/CXCR5 signaling in mediating spinal neuroinflammation and mechanical pain in an animal model of CRPS-I. Our work suggests that targeting CXCL13/CXCR5 pathway may lead to novel therapeutic approaches for CRPS-I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
- Department of Rehabilitation in Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengyu Yin
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Yushuang Pan
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Yunqin Yang
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Wei Li
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huadong Ni
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Boyu Liu
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Huimin Nie
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Ruoyao Xu
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Huina Wei
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Yunwen Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Qimiao Hu
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Yan Tai
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomei Shao
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Jianqiao Fang
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Boyi Liu
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
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Long J, Liu H, Qiu Z, Xiao Z, Lu Z. Glabridin Therapy Reduces Chronic Allodynia, Spinal Microgliosis, and Dendritic Spine Generation by Inhibiting Fractalkine-CX3CR1 Signaling in a Mouse Model of Tibial Fractures. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13050739. [PMID: 37239211 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13050739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients undergoing bone fractures frequently suffer from irritating chronic pain after orthopedic repairs. Chemokine-mediated interactions between neurons and microglia are important steps for neuroinflammation and excitatory synaptic plasticity during the spinal transmission of pathological pain. Recently, glabridin, the main bioactive component of licorice, has been shown to exhibit anti-nociceptive and neuroprotective properties for inflammatory pain. This present study evaluated the therapeutic potential of glabridin and its analgesic mechanisms using a mouse model of tibial fracture-associated chronic pain. Repetitive injections of glabridin were delivered spinally daily for 4 continuous days from days 3 to 6 after the fractures. Herein, we discovered that repeated administrations of glabridin (10 and 50 μg, but not 1 μg) could prevent prolonged cold allodynia and mechanical allodynia following bone fractures. A single intrathecal intervention with glabridin (50 μg) relieved an existing chronic allodynia two weeks following the fracture surgeries. Systemic therapies with glabridin (intraperitoneal; 50 mg kg-1) were protective against long-lasting allodynia caused by fractures. Furthermore, glabridin restricted the fracture-caused spinal overexpressions of the chemokine fractalkine and its receptor CX3CR1, as well as the elevated number of microglial cells and dendritic spines. Strikingly, glabridin induced the inhibition of pain behaviors, microgliosis, and spine generation, which were abolished with the co-administration of exogenous fractalkine. Meanwhile, the exogenous fractalkine-evoked acute pain was compensated after microglia inhibition. Additionally, spinal neutralization of fractalkine/CX3CR1 signaling alleviated the intensity of postoperative allodynia after tibial fractures. These key findings identify that glabridin therapies confer protection against inducing and sustaining fracture-elicited chronic allodynia by suppressing fractalkine/CX3CR1-dependent spinal microgliosis and spine morphogenesis, suggesting that glabridin is a promising candidate in the translational development of chronic fracture pain control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Long
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Hongbing Liu
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Zhimin Qiu
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Zhong Xiao
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Intensive Care Unit, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Zhongqiu Lu
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Wenzhou 325000, China
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Pate T, Anthony DC, Radford-Smith DE. cFOS expression in the prefrontal cortex correlates with altered cerebral metabolism in developing germ-free mice. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1155620. [PMID: 37152431 PMCID: PMC10157641 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1155620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The microbiota plays a critical role in modulating various aspects of host physiology, particularly through the microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis. However, the mechanisms that transduce and affect gut-to-brain communication are still not well understood. Recent studies have demonstrated that dysbiosis of the microbiome is associated with anxiety and depressive symptoms, which are common complications of metabolic syndrome. Germ-free (GF) animal models offer a valuable tool for studying the causal effects of microbiota on the host. Methods We employed gene expression and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomic techniques to investigate the relationships between brain plasticity and immune gene expression, peripheral immunity, and cerebral and liver metabolism in GF and specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice. Results Our principal findings revealed that brain acetate (p = 0.012) was significantly reduced in GF relative to SPF mice, whereas glutamate (p = 0.0013), glutamine (p = 0.0006), and N-acetyl aspartate (p = 0.0046) metabolites were increased. Notably, cFOS mRNA expression, which was significantly decreased in the prefrontal cortex of GF mice relative to SPF mice (p = 0.044), correlated with the abundance of a number of key brain metabolites altered by the GF phenotype, including glutamate and glutamine. Discussion These results highlight the connection between the GF phenotype, altered brain metabolism, and immediate-early gene expression. The study provides insight into potential mechanisms by which microbiota can regulate neurotransmission through modulation of the host's brain and liver metabolome, which may have implications for stress-related psychiatric disorders such as anxiety.
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Staurengo-Ferrari L, Deng L, Chiu IM. Interactions between nociceptor sensory neurons and microbial pathogens in pain. Pain 2022; 163:S57-S68. [PMID: 36252233 PMCID: PMC9586460 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Staurengo-Ferrari
- Harvard Medical School, Blavatnik Institute, Department of Immunology, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Liwen Deng
- Harvard Medical School, Blavatnik Institute, Department of Immunology, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Isaac M. Chiu
- Harvard Medical School, Blavatnik Institute, Department of Immunology, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Spinal microglia-derived TNF promotes the astrocytic JNK/CXCL1 pathway activation in a mouse model of burn pain. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 102:23-39. [PMID: 35143878 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Burn injury-induced pain (BIP) is an extremely complicated condition usually resistant to analgesic drugs, while its pathogenesis remains unknown. Considerable attention has been attracted to elucidate the glial mechanisms in chronic pain. In this study, we initiatively used a mouse model of second-degree BIP to investigate the underlying non-neuronal mechanisms at the spinal cord level. Our behavioral results showed that hind-paw burn injury caused persistent allodynia and hyperalgesia for 2 weeks in mice. Further studies revealed that both microglia and astrocytes activated in a spatially- and temporally-dependent manner in spinal cord after burn injury. In addition, the phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-mediated tumor necrosis factor (TNF) release in spinal microglia is essentially attributed to the early stage of BIP, while the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) MAPK-dependent chemokine CXCL1 expression is mainly involved in the maintenance of pain hypersensitivity. Most strikingly, burn injury-induced pain symptoms and the activation of astrocytes were significantly suppressed by TNF inhibitor Thalidomide. On the contrary, intrathecal injection of TNF caused apparent pain hypersensitivity, accompanied by the activation of astrocytes and the upregulation of CXCL1 via the JNK MAPK signaling pathway, indicating that TNF is the key cytokine in the interaction between microglia and astrocytes at the spinal level. Moreover, treatment with the CXCR2 receptor antagonist SB225002 to block the biological activities of CXCL1 significantly attenuated the mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in this BIP model. Taken together, this study indicates that intervention of glial pathways provides a new perspective in the management of BIP.
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Zhang Y, Zhou R, Hou B, Tang S, Hao J, Gu X, Ma Z, Zhang J. Incidence and risk factors for chronic postsurgical pain following video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery: a retrospective study. BMC Surg 2022; 22:76. [PMID: 35236334 PMCID: PMC8892711 DOI: 10.1186/s12893-022-01522-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) has been widely used as an alternative for thoracotomy, but the reported incidence of chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) following VATS varied widely. The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence and risk factors for CPSP after VATS. Methods We retrospectively collected preoperative demographic, anesthesiology, and surgical factors in a cohort of patients undergoing VATS between January 2018 and October 2020. Patients were interviewed via phone survey for pain intensity, and related medical treatment 3 months after VATS. Univariate and multivariate analysis were used to explore independent risk factors associated with CPSP. Results 2348 patients were included in our study. The incidence of CPSP after VATS were 43.99% (n = 1033 of 2348). Within those suffering CPSP, 14.71% (n = 152 of 1033) patients reported moderate or severe chronic pain. Only 15.23% (n = 23 of 152) patients with moderate to severe chronic pain sought active analgesic therapies. Age < 65 years (OR 1.278, 95% CI 1.057–1.546, P = 0.011), female (OR 1.597, 95% CI 1.344–1.898, P < 0.001), education level less than junior school (OR 1.295, 95% CI 1.090–1.538, P = 0.003), preoperative pain (OR 2.564, 95% CI 1.696–3.877, P < 0.001), consumption of rescue analgesia postoperative (OR 1.248, 95% CI 1.047–1.486, P = 0.013), consumption of sedative hypnotic postoperative (OR 2.035, 95% CI 1.159–3.574, P = 0.013), and history of postoperative wound infection (OR 5.949, 95% CI 3.153–11.223, P < 0.001) were independent risk factors for CPSP development. Conclusions CPSP remains a challenge in clinic because half of patients may develop CPSP after VATS. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2100045765), 2021/04/24
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bailing Hou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Suhong Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Hao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoping Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhengliang Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China.
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Borghi SM, Bussulo SKD, Pinho-Ribeiro FA, Fattori V, Carvalho TT, Rasquel-Oliveira FS, Zaninelli TH, Ferraz CR, Casella AMB, Cunha FQ, Cunha TM, Casagrande R, Verri WA. Intense Acute Swimming Induces Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness Dependent on Spinal Cord Neuroinflammation. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:734091. [PMID: 35069187 PMCID: PMC8776654 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.734091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Unaccustomed exercise involving eccentric contractions, high intensity, or long duration are recognized to induce delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS). Myocyte damage and inflammation in affected peripheral tissues contribute to sensitize muscle nociceptors leading to muscle pain. However, despite the essential role of the spinal cord in the regulation of pain, spinal cord neuroinflammatory mechanisms in intense swimming-induced DOMS remain to be investigated. We hypothesized that spinal cord neuroinflammation contributes to DOMS. C57BL/6 mice swam for 2 h to induce DOMS, and nociceptive spinal cord mechanisms were evaluated. DOMS triggered the activation of astrocytes and microglia in the spinal cord 24 h after exercise compared to the sham group. DOMS and DOMS-induced spinal cord nuclear factor κB (NFκB) activation were reduced by intrathecal treatments with glial inhibitors (fluorocitrate, α-aminoadipate, and minocycline) and NFκB inhibitor [pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC)]. Moreover, DOMS was also reduced by intrathecal treatments targeting C-X3-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CX3CL1), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-1β or with recombinant IL-10. In agreement, DOMS induced the mRNA and protein expressions of CX3CR1, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-10, c-Fos, and oxidative stress in the spinal cord. All these immune and cellular alterations triggered by DOMS were amenable by intrathecal treatments with glial and NFκB inhibitors. These results support a role for spinal cord glial cells, via NFκB, cytokines/chemokines, and oxidative stress, in DOMS. Thus, unveiling neuroinflammatory mechanisms by which unaccustomed exercise induces central sensitization and consequently DOMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio M Borghi
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil.,Centro de Pesquisa Em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Norte do Paraná, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Sylvia K D Bussulo
- Centro de Pesquisa Em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Norte do Paraná, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Felipe A Pinho-Ribeiro
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Victor Fattori
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Thacyana T Carvalho
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Fernanda S Rasquel-Oliveira
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Tiago H Zaninelli
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Camila R Ferraz
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Antônio M B Casella
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Fernando Q Cunha
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thiago M Cunha
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rubia Casagrande
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências de Saúde, Hospital Universitário, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Waldiceu A Verri
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
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11
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Balbinot G, Schuch CP, do Nascimento PS, Lanferdini FJ, Casanova M, Baroni BM, Vaz MA. Photobiomodulation Therapy Partially Restores Cartilage Integrity and Reduces Chronic Pain Behavior in a Rat Model of Osteoarthritis: Involvement of Spinal Glial Modulation. Cartilage 2021; 13:1309S-1321S. [PMID: 31569995 PMCID: PMC8804719 DOI: 10.1177/1947603519876338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic pain associated with osteoarthritis (OA) often leads to reduced function and engagement in activities of daily living. Current pharmacological treatments remain relatively ineffective. This study investigated the efficacy of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) on cartilage integrity and central pain biomarkers in adult male Wistar rats. DESIGN We evaluated the cartilage degradation and spinal cord sensitization using the monoiodoacetate (MIA) model of OA following 2 weeks of delayed PBMT treatment (i.e., 15 days post-MIA). Multiple behavioral tests and knee joint histology were used to assess deficits related to OA. Immunohistochemistry was performed to assess chronic pain sensitization in spinal cord dorsal horn regions. Furthermore, we analyzed the principal components related to pain-like behavior and cartilage integrity. RESULTS MIA induced chronic pain-like behavior with respective cartilage degradation. PBMT had no effects on overall locomotor activity, but positive effects on weight support (P = 0.001; effect size [ES] = 1.01) and mechanical allodynia (P = 0.032; ES = 0.51). Greater optical densitometry of PBMT-treated cartilage was evident in superficial layers (P = 0.020; ES = 1.34), likely reflecting the increase of proteoglycan and chondrocyte contents. In addition, PBMT effects were associated to decreased contribution of spinal glial cells to pain-like behavior (P = 0.001; ES = 0.38). CONCLUSION PBMT during the chronic phase of MIA-induced OA promoted cartilage recovery and reduced the progression or maintenance of spinal cord sensitization. Our data suggest a potential role of PBMT in reducing cartilage degradation and long-term central sensitization associated with chronic OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Balbinot
- Neuroscience Graduate Program,
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Instituto de Ciências Básicas da
Saúde, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil,Brain Institute, Universidade Federal do
Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil,Gustavo Balbinot, Federal University of Rio
Grande do Norte, Av. Nascimento de Castro, 2155 - 59056-450 Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Clarissa Pedrini Schuch
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation
Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto
Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Patricia Severo do Nascimento
- Neuroscience Graduate Program,
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Instituto de Ciências Básicas da
Saúde, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil,Universidade Federal de Santa Maria
(UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabio Juner Lanferdini
- Exercise Research Laboratory,
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mayra Casanova
- Exercise Research Laboratory,
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruno Manfredini Baroni
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation
Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto
Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Vaz
- Exercise Research Laboratory,
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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12
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Xu M, Fei Y, He Q, Fu J, Zhu J, Tao J, Ni C, Xu C, Zhou Q, Yao M, Ni H. Electroacupuncture Attenuates Cancer-Induced Bone Pain via NF-κB/CXCL12 Signaling in Midbrain Periaqueductal Gray. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:3323-3334. [PMID: 34460214 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Electroacupuncture (EA) is effective in various chronic pains. NF-κB and CXCL12 modulate the formation of chronic pain. Herein, we hypothesized that EA alleviates cancer-induced bone pain (CIBP) through NF-κB/CXCL12 axis in midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG), which participates in "top-down" pain modulatory circuits. In order to filter the optimum EA frequency for CIBP treatment, 2, 100, or 2/100 Hz EA was set up. In addition, ipsilateral, contralateral, and bilateral EA groups were established to affirm the optimal EA scheme. Bilateral 2/100 Hz EA was considered as the optimal therapeutic scheme and was applied in a subsequent experiment. Western blotting along with immunofluorescence illustrated that CIBP induces a rapid and substantial increase in CXCL12 protein level and NF-κB phosphorylation in vlPAG from day 6 to day 12. Anti-CXCL12 neutralizing antibody and pAAV-U6-shRNA(CXCL12)-CMV-EGFP-WPRE in vlPAG remarkably improved the mechanical pain threshold of the hind paw in CIBP model relative to the control. EA inhibited the upregulation of pNF-κB and CXCL12 in vlPAG of CIBP. The recombinant CXCL12 and pAAV-CMV-CXCL12-EF1a-EGFP-3Xflag-WPRE reversed the abirritation of EA in the CIBP rat model. NF-κB phosphorylation mediated-CXCL12 expression contributed to CIBP allodynia, whereas EA suppressed NF-κB phosphorylation in CIBP. According to the above evidence, we conclude that bilateral 2/100 Hz EA is an optimal therapeutic scheme for CIBP. The abirritation mechanism of EA might reduce the expression of CXCL12 by inhibiting the activation of NF-κB, which might lead to the restraint of descending facilitation of CIBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, 1882 Zhonghuan South Road, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Yong Fei
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, 1882 Zhonghuan South Road, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Qiuli He
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, 1882 Zhonghuan South Road, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Jie Fu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, 1882 Zhonghuan South Road, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Jianjun Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, 1882 Zhonghuan South Road, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Jiachun Tao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, 1882 Zhonghuan South Road, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Chaobo Ni
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, 1882 Zhonghuan South Road, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Chengfei Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, 1882 Zhonghuan South Road, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Qinghe Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, 1882 Zhonghuan South Road, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Ming Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, 1882 Zhonghuan South Road, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Huadong Ni
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, 1882 Zhonghuan South Road, Jiaxing 314001, China
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13
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Ferraz CR, Carvalho TT, Fattori V, Saraiva-Santos T, Pinho-Ribeiro FA, Borghi SM, Manchope MF, Zaninelli TH, Cunha TM, Casagrande R, Clissa PB, Verri WA. Jararhagin, a snake venom metalloproteinase, induces mechanical hyperalgesia in mice with the neuroinflammatory contribution of spinal cord microglia and astrocytes. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 179:610-619. [PMID: 33662422 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Jararhagin is a hyperalgesic metalloproteinase from Bothrops jararaca venom. In rodents, jararhagin induces nociceptive behaviors that correlate with an increase in peripheral cytokine levels. However, the role of the spinal cord glia in pain processing after peripheral stimulus of jararhagin has not been investigated. Aiming to explore this proposal, mice received intraplantar (i.pl.) injection of jararhagin and the following parameters were evaluated: hyperalgesia, spinal cord TNF-α, IL-1β levels, and CX3CR1, GFAP and p-NFκB activation. The effects of intrathecal (i.t.) injection of TNF-α soluble receptor (etanercept), IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), and inhibitors of NFκB (PDTC), microglia (minocycline) and astrocytes (α-aminoadipate) were investigated. Jararhagin inoculation induced cytokine production (TNF-α and IL-1β) in the spinal cord, which was reduced by treatment with PDTC (40% and 50%, respectively). Jararhagin mechanical hyperalgesia and cytokine production were inhibited by treatment with etanercept (67%), IL-1Ra (60%), PDTC (70%), minocycline (60%) and α-aminoadipate (45%). Furthermore, jararhagin induced an increase in p-NFκB, CX3CR1 and GFAP detection in the spinal cord indicating activation of NFκB, microglia and astrocytes. These results demonstrate for the first time that jararhagin-induced mechanical hyperalgesia is dependent on spinal cord activation of glial cells, consequent NFκB activation, and cytokine production in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila R Ferraz
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy, and Cancer, Department of Pathology, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Thacyana T Carvalho
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy, and Cancer, Department of Pathology, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Victor Fattori
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy, and Cancer, Department of Pathology, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Telma Saraiva-Santos
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy, and Cancer, Department of Pathology, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Felipe A Pinho-Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy, and Cancer, Department of Pathology, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Sergio M Borghi
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy, and Cancer, Department of Pathology, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Center for Research in Health Sciences, University of Northern Paraná, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Marília F Manchope
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy, and Cancer, Department of Pathology, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Tiago H Zaninelli
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy, and Cancer, Department of Pathology, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Thiago M Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rubia Casagrande
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center of Health Sciences, Londrina State University, Londrina, Parana, Brazil
| | - Patricia B Clissa
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Waldiceu A Verri
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy, and Cancer, Department of Pathology, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
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14
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Borghi SM, Fattori V, Carvalho TT, Tatakihara VLH, Zaninelli TH, Pinho-Ribeiro FA, Ferraz CR, Staurengo-Ferrari L, Casagrande R, Pavanelli WR, Cunha FQ, Cunha TM, Pinge-Filho P, Verri WA. Experimental Trypanosoma cruzi Infection Induces Pain in Mice Dependent on Early Spinal Cord Glial Cells and NFκB Activation and Cytokine Production. Front Immunol 2021; 11:539086. [PMID: 33574810 PMCID: PMC7870690 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.539086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The neglected tropical infirmity Chagas disease (CD) presents high mortality. Its etiological agent T. cruzi is transmitted by infected hematophagous insects. Symptoms of the acute phase of the infection include fever, fatigue, body aches, and headache, making diagnosis difficult as they are present in other illnesses as well. Thus, in endemic areas, individuals with undetermined pain may be considered for CD. Although pain is a characteristic symptom of CD, its cellular and molecular mechanisms are unknown except for demonstration of a role for peripheral TNF-α in CD pain. In this study, we evaluate the role of spinal cord glial cells in experimental T. cruzi infection in the context of pain using C57BL/6 mice. Pain, parasitemia, survival, and glial and neuronal function as well as NFκB activation and cytokine/chemokine production were assessed. T. cruzi infection induced chronic mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia. Systemic TNF-α and IL-1β peaked 14 days postinfection (p.i.). Infected mice presented increased spinal gliosis and NFκB activation compared to uninfected mice at 7 days p.i. Glial and NFκB inhibitors limited T. cruzi–induced pain. Nuclear phosphorylated NFκB was detected surrounded by glia markers, and glial inhibitors reduced its detection. T. cruzi–induced spinal cord production of cytokines/chemokines was also diminished by glial inhibitors. Dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons presented increased activity in infected mice, and the production of inflammatory mediators was counteracted by glial/NFκB inhibitors. The present study unveils the contribution of DRG and spinal cord cellular and molecular events leading to pain in T. cruzi infection, contributing to a better understanding of CD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio M Borghi
- Department of Pathology, Center of Biological Science, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil.,Center for Research in Health Science, University of Northern Paraná-Unopar, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Victor Fattori
- Department of Pathology, Center of Biological Science, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Thacyana T Carvalho
- Department of Pathology, Center of Biological Science, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Vera L H Tatakihara
- Department of Pathology, Center of Biological Science, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Tiago H Zaninelli
- Department of Pathology, Center of Biological Science, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Felipe A Pinho-Ribeiro
- Department of Pathology, Center of Biological Science, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Camila R Ferraz
- Department of Pathology, Center of Biological Science, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Larissa Staurengo-Ferrari
- Department of Pathology, Center of Biological Science, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Rubia Casagrande
- Departament of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, University Hospital, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Wander R Pavanelli
- Department of Pathology, Center of Biological Science, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Fernando Q Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Thiago M Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Phileno Pinge-Filho
- Department of Pathology, Center of Biological Science, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Waldiceu A Verri
- Department of Pathology, Center of Biological Science, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
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15
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Selective activation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 blocks paclitaxel-induced acute neuropathic pain and suppresses spinal glial reactivity in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2021; 238:107-119. [PMID: 33089875 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-020-05662-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Paclitaxel-induced acute pain syndrome (P-APS), characterized by deep muscle aches and arthralgia, occurs in more than 70% of patients who receive paclitaxel. P-APS can be debilitating for patients and lead to reductions and discontinuation of potentially curable therapy. Despite being relatively common in clinical practice, no clear treatment exists for P-APS and the underlying mechanisms remain poorly defined. Regulation of glutamatergic transmission by metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) has received growing attention with respect to its role in neuropathic pain. To our knowledge, no study has been conducted on alterations and functions of group III mGluR7 signaling in P-APS. OBJECTIVES In the present study, we determined whether a single administration of paclitaxel induces glutamatergic alterations and whether mGluR7 activation blocks paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain by suppressing glial reactivity in the spinal cord. RESULTS A single paclitaxel injection dose-dependently induced acute mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity, and was associated with increased glutamate level accompanied by reduction in mGluR7 expression in the spinal cord. Selective activation of mGluR7 by its positive allosteric modulator, AMN082, blocked the development of paclitaxel-induced acute mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity, without affecting the normal pain behavior of control rats. Moreover, activation of mGluR7 by AMN082 inhibited glial reactivity and decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine release during P-APS. Abortion of spinal glial reaction to paclitaxel alleviated paclitaxel-induced acute mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity. CONCLUSIONS There results support the hypothesis that spinal mGluR7 signaling plays an important role in P-APS; Selective activation of mGluR7 by its positive allosteric modulator, AMN082, blocks P-APS in part by reducing spinal glial reactivity and neuroinflammatory process.
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16
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Fattori V, Ferraz CR, Rasquel-Oliveira FS, Verri WA. Neuroimmune communication in infection and pain: Friends or foes? Immunol Lett 2020; 229:32-43. [PMID: 33248166 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2020.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Clinically, a variety of micro-organisms cause painful infections. Before seen as bystanders in the context of infections, recent studies have demonstrated that, as immune cells, nociceptors can sense pathogen-derived products. Nociceptors and immune cells, therefore, have evolved to communicate with each other to control inflammatory and host responses against pathogens in a complementary way. This interaction is named as neuroimmune communication (or axon-axon immune reflex) and initiates after the release of neuropeptides, such as CGRP and VIP by neurons. By this neurogenic response, nociceptors orchestrate the activity of innate and adaptive immune cells in a context-dependent manner. In this review, we focus on how nociceptors sense pathogen-derived products to shape the host response. We also highlight the new concept involving the resolution of inflammation, which is related to an active and time-dependent biosynthetic shift from pro-inflammatory to pro-resolution mediators, the so-called specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs). At very low doses, SPMs act on specific receptors to silence nociceptors, limit pain and neurogenic responses, and resolve infections. Furthermore, stimulation of the vagus nerve induces SPMs production to regulate immune responses in infections. Therefore, harnessing the current understanding of neuro-immune communication and neurogenic responses might provide the bases for reprogramming host responses against infections through well balanced and effective immune response and inflammation resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Fattori
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy, and Cancer, Department of Pathology, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, Brazil; Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Camila R Ferraz
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy, and Cancer, Department of Pathology, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Fernanda S Rasquel-Oliveira
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy, and Cancer, Department of Pathology, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Waldiceu A Verri
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy, and Cancer, Department of Pathology, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, Brazil.
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17
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Effect of Artesunate on Leishmania Amazonesis Induced Neuroinflammation and Nociceptive Behavior in Male Balb/C Mice. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10040557. [PMID: 32230725 PMCID: PMC7222374 DOI: 10.3390/ani10040557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Leishmaniasis is a multisystemic zoonotic disease with several symptoms, and treating this disease is a great challenge for veterinary medicine. Artemisinin derivatives are currently the most widely used drugs for the treatment of malaria, especially for their excellent safety profile and low cost. Artesunate is a more stable derivative of its precursor, artemisin, and has been shown to be a pluripotent agent with different pharmacological actions. In this study, we evaluated the role of neuroinflammation in leishmaniasis and its correlation with pain and sickness behavior, and the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of artesunate in a murine model of Leishmania amazonensis infection in BALB/c mice. The results from this study indicate that artesunate is a good candidate for treatment and/or as an adjuvant in anti- leishmaniasis therapy, and for preventing and alleviating leishmaniasis-induced pain and neuroinflammation. Abstract Background: Leishmaniasis is a multisystemic zoonotic disease with several symptoms, including neurological disorders. Leishmaniasis is accompanied by an increase in nociceptive behaviors, linked to the presence of a chronic inflammatory state, in both peripheral tissue and the central nervous system. Artesunate is a more stable derivative of its precursor artemisin and has been shown to be a pluripotent agent with different pharmacological actions. Methods: In this study, we investigated the effects of artesunate in Leishmaniaamazonensi- infected BALB/c mice, evaluating its effectiveness in reducing inflammation, neuroinflammation, and nociceptive and sickness behaviors. Results: Our results demonstrate a significant increase in pain sensitivity and sickness behaviors after L. amazonensis infection. Moreover, the infection induced a significant increase in inflammatory response at both the paw and spinal cord level. Treatment with artesunate was able to induce a significant decrease in tissue inflammation and neuroinflammation and thus induce a significant decrease in pain sensitivity and sickness behaviors. Conclusions: The results from this study indicate that artesunate is a good candidate for treatment and/or as an adjuvant in leishmanicidal therapy, and to prevent and alleviate leishmaniasis-induced pain and neuroinflammation and thereby improve the quality of life of leishmaniasis patients.
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18
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Electroacupuncture Alleviates Experimental Chronic Inflammatory Pain by Inhibiting Calcium Voltage-Gated Channel-Mediated Inflammation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:7061972. [PMID: 32104194 PMCID: PMC7035529 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7061972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Both experimental and clinical studies have shown that electroacupuncture (EA) administration ameliorates chronic inflammatory pain (CIP). However, the multifaceted mechanism underlying the effects of EA on CIP is poorly understood. In this study, the mRNA transcriptome was used to study various therapeutic targets of EA. Methods Using RNA-sequencing, protein-coding mRNA expression profiles of the L4-L5 dorsal root ganglion (DRG) were examined in the control (CN), complete Freund's adjuvant- (CFA-) induced CIP, and EA-treated CIP groups. A series of bioinformatics analyses was performed; “EA-reversed upregulated genes with CIP” (up-DEGs) and “EA-reversed downregulated genes with CIP” (down-DEGs) were identified. Thereafter, based on up-DEGs and down-DEGs, biological functions and signaling pathways were enriched using gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses. Results In total, 189 DEGs were identified, including 134 up- and 55 down-DEGs, which were enriched in arachidonic acid metabolism (rno00590), glutamatergic synapse (rno04724), serotonergic synapse (rno04726), FoxO signaling pathway (rno04068), insulin signaling pathway (rno04910), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (rno05014), cholinergic synapse (rno04725), ECM-receptor interaction (rno04512), and choline metabolism in cancer (rno05231). Conclusion We identified a few GOs, pathways, and genes that could play key roles in the amelioration of CIP by EA. Hence, this study may provide a theoretical basis for CIP amelioration by EA.
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Gonçalves dos Santos G, Delay L, Yaksh TL, Corr M. Neuraxial Cytokines in Pain States. Front Immunol 2020; 10:3061. [PMID: 32047493 PMCID: PMC6997465 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A high-intensity potentially tissue-injuring stimulus generates a homotopic response to escape the stimulus and is associated with an affective phenotype considered to represent pain. In the face of tissue or nerve injury, the afferent encoding systems display robust changes in the input-output function, leading to an ongoing sensation reported as painful and sensitization of the nociceptors such that an enhanced pain state is reported for a given somatic or visceral stimulus. Our understanding of the mechanisms underlying this non-linear processing of nociceptive stimuli has led to our appreciation of the role played by the functional interactions of neural and immune signaling systems in pain phenotypes. In pathological states, neural systems interact with the immune system through the actions of a variety of soluble mediators, including cytokines. Cytokines are recognized as important mediators of inflammatory and neuropathic pain, supporting system sensitization and the development of a persistent pathologic pain. Cytokines can induce a facilitation of nociceptive processing at all levels of the neuraxis including supraspinal centers where nociceptive input evokes an affective component of the pain state. We review here several key proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines and explore their underlying actions at four levels of neuronal organization: (1) peripheral nociceptor termini; (2) dorsal root ganglia; (3) spinal cord; and (4) supraspinal areas. Thus, current thinking suggests that cytokines by this action throughout the neuraxis play key roles in the induction of pain and the maintenance of the facilitated states of pain behavior generated by tissue injury/inflammation and nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lauriane Delay
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Tony L. Yaksh
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Maripat Corr
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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Lu Y, Xu HM, Han Y, Zhang YL. Analgesic effect of resveratrol on colitis-induced visceral pain via inhibition of TRAF6/NF-κB signaling pathway in the spinal cord. Brain Res 2019; 1724:146464. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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