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Liu G, Qin L, Li Y, Zhao S, Shugay M, Yan Y, Ye Y, Chen Y, Huang C, Bayaer N, Adah D, Zhang H, Su Z, Chen X. Subsequent malaria enhances virus-specific T cell immunity in SIV-infected Chinese rhesus macaques. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:101. [PMID: 35778766 PMCID: PMC9248186 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00910-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coinfection with HIV and Plasmodium parasites is fairly common, but the sequence of infection with these two pathogens and their impact on disease progression are poorly understood. Methods A Chinese rhesus macaque HIV and Plasmodium coinfection model was established to compare the impact of pre-existing and subsequent malaria on the progression of SIV infection. Results We found that a pre-existing malaria caused animals to produce a greater number of CD4+CCR5+ T cells for SIV replication, resulting in higher viral loads. Conversely, subsequent malaria induced a substantially larger proportion of CD4+CD28highCD95high central memory T cells and a stronger SIV-specific T cell response, maintained the repertoire diversity of SIV-specific T cell receptors, and generated new SIV-specific T cell clonotypes to trace SIV antigenic variation, resulting in improved survival of SIV-infected animals. Conclusion The complex outcomes of this study may have important implications for research on human HIV and malaria coinfection. The infection order of the two pathogens (HIV and malaria parasites) should be emphasized. Video abstract
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12964-022-00910-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangjie Liu
- Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Center for Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,The Fist Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Institute of Geriatrics, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li Qin
- Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Center for Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,CAS Lamvac Biotech Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youjia Li
- Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Center for Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,The Fist Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Shenzhen Institute of Geriatrics, Shenzhen, China
| | - Siting Zhao
- Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Center for Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,CAS Lamvac Biotech Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mikhail Shugay
- Genomics of Adaptive Immunity Laboratory, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Moscow, Russia
| | - Yongxiang Yan
- Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Center for Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yijian Ye
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Center for Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Center for Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cuizhu Huang
- Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Center for Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nashun Bayaer
- Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Center for Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dickson Adah
- Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Center for Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhong Su
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Center for Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Center for Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China. .,CAS Lamvac Biotech Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China.
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Wang Y, Zheng R, Hu P, Zhang Z, Shen S, Li X. Patients harboring uncommon EGFR exon 19 deletion-insertion mutations respond well to first-generation EGFR inhibitors and osimeritinib upon acquisition of T790M. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:1215. [PMID: 34774017 PMCID: PMC8590339 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08942-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the existing next generation sequencing (NGS) system, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exon 19 deletion-insertion (19delins) is still interpreted into the category of EGFR exon 19 deletion (19del). However, the controversy exists whether the two mutation types have the similar responses and resistant mechanisms to first-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Methods We successively and retrospectively reviewed the NGS data of 3054 patients diagnosed as advanced NSCLC from November 2017 to September 2020. Finally, 41 patients with EGFR 19delins mutation and 41 patients with EGFR 19del mutation who received first-generation EGFR TKIs as first-line therapy were included in the study. Results A total of 17 genotypes were identified in this study, including L747_P753delinsS (10/41), L747_A750delinsP (9/41), L747_T751delinsP (6/41) and E746_S752delinsV (3/41). Under the same baseline characteristics, the population of EGFR 19delins respond well to first line EGFR TKIs as well as those of EGFR 19del, with little difference in median progression-free survival (mPFS): 10.4 months vs. 13.1 months, p = 0.1076). Interestingly, patients with L747_T751delinsP seem to have a better mPFS than others (18.7 months vs. 13.1 months, p = 0.035). After the disease progression, both EGFR 19delins and EGFR 19del had similar rates of developing EGFR T790M mutation resistance (45.8% vs. 57.8%), and those receiving osimeritinib as second-line treatment obtain the similar survival benefits (mPFS: 12.0 months vs. 12.2 months (p = 0.97). Conclusions This retrospective cohort study furnish the evidence that therapeutic responses and survival of untreated NSCLC population with EGFR 19delins mutation are equal to those with common EGFR 19del mutation after administration of EGFR TKIs therapy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-08942-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Jianshe East Road 1, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruipan Zheng
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Jianshe East Road 1, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Peizhu Hu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Jianshe East Road 1, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziheng Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Jianshe East Road 1, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shujing Shen
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Jianshe East Road 1, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xingya Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Jianshe East Road 1, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
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Trunfio M, Scabini S, Mornese Pinna S, Rugge W, Alcantarini C, Pirriatore V, Di Perri G, Bonora S, Castelnuovo B, Calcagno A. The Manifesto of Pharmacoenosis: Merging HIV Pharmacology into Pathocoenosis and Syndemics in Developing Countries. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9081648. [PMID: 34442727 PMCID: PMC8399770 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathocoenosis and syndemics theories have emerged in the last decades meeting the frequent need of better understanding interconnections and reciprocal influences that coexistent communicable and non-communicable diseases play in a specific population. Nevertheless, the attention to pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics interactions of co-administered drugs for co-present diseases is to date limitedly paid to alert against detrimental pharmacological combos. Low and middle-income countries are plagued by the highest burden of HIV, tuberculosis, malaria, and helminthiasis, and they are experiencing an alarming rise in non-communicable disorders. In these settings, co-infections and comorbidities are common, but no tailored prescribing nor clinical trials are used to assess and exploit existing opportunities for the simultaneous and potentially synergistic treatment of intertwined diseases. Pharmacoenosis is the set of interactions that take place within a host as well as within a population due to the compresence of two or more diseases and their respective treatments. This framework should pilot integrated health programmes and routine clinical practice to face drug–drug interaction issues, avoiding negative co-administrations but also exploiting potential favourable ones to make the best out of the worst situations; still, to date, guiding data on the latter possibility is limited. Therefore, in this narrative review, we have briefly described both detrimental and favourable physiopathological interactions between HIV and other common co-occurring pathologies (malaria, tuberculosis, helminths, and cardiovascular disorders), and we have presented examples of advantageous potential pharmacological interactions among the drugs prescribed for these diseases from a pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacogenetics standpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Trunfio
- Department of Medical Sciences, Unit of Infectious Diseases, University of Torino, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, 10149 Torino, Italy; (W.R.); (C.A.); (V.P.); (G.D.P.); (S.B.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-011-439-3884
| | - Silvia Scabini
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Città della Salute e della Scienza, 10150 Torino, Italy; (S.S.); (S.M.P.)
| | - Simone Mornese Pinna
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Città della Salute e della Scienza, 10150 Torino, Italy; (S.S.); (S.M.P.)
| | - Walter Rugge
- Department of Medical Sciences, Unit of Infectious Diseases, University of Torino, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, 10149 Torino, Italy; (W.R.); (C.A.); (V.P.); (G.D.P.); (S.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Chiara Alcantarini
- Department of Medical Sciences, Unit of Infectious Diseases, University of Torino, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, 10149 Torino, Italy; (W.R.); (C.A.); (V.P.); (G.D.P.); (S.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Veronica Pirriatore
- Department of Medical Sciences, Unit of Infectious Diseases, University of Torino, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, 10149 Torino, Italy; (W.R.); (C.A.); (V.P.); (G.D.P.); (S.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Giovanni Di Perri
- Department of Medical Sciences, Unit of Infectious Diseases, University of Torino, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, 10149 Torino, Italy; (W.R.); (C.A.); (V.P.); (G.D.P.); (S.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Stefano Bonora
- Department of Medical Sciences, Unit of Infectious Diseases, University of Torino, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, 10149 Torino, Italy; (W.R.); (C.A.); (V.P.); (G.D.P.); (S.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Barbara Castelnuovo
- Infectious Diseases Institute, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala 22418, Uganda;
| | - Andrea Calcagno
- Department of Medical Sciences, Unit of Infectious Diseases, University of Torino, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, 10149 Torino, Italy; (W.R.); (C.A.); (V.P.); (G.D.P.); (S.B.); (A.C.)
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Galinski MR. Functional genomics of simian malaria parasites and host-parasite interactions. Brief Funct Genomics 2020; 18:270-280. [PMID: 31241151 PMCID: PMC6859816 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elz013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Two simian malaria parasite species, Plasmodium knowlesi and Plasmodium cynomolgi, cause zoonotic infections in Southeast Asia, and they have therefore gained recognition among scientists and public health officials. Notwithstanding, these species and others including Plasmodium coatneyi have served for decades as sources of knowledge on the biology, genetics and evolution of Plasmodium, and the diverse ramifications and outcomes of malaria in their monkey hosts. Experimental analysis of these species can help to fill gaps in knowledge beyond what may be possible studying the human malaria parasites or rodent parasite species. The genome sequences for these simian malaria parasite species were reported during the last decade, and functional genomics research has since been pursued. Here research on the functional genomics analysis involving these species is summarized and their importance is stressed, particularly for understanding host–parasite interactions, and potentially testing novel interventions. Importantly, while Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax can be studied in small New World monkeys, the simian malaria parasites can be studied more effectively in the larger Old World monkey macaque hosts, which are more closely related to humans. In addition to ex vivo analyses, experimental scenarios can include passage through Anopheline mosquito hosts and longitudinal infections in monkeys to study acute and chronic infections, as well as relapses, all in the context of the in vivo host environment. Such experiments provide opportunities for understanding functional genomic elements that govern host–parasite interactions, immunity and pathogenesis in-depth, addressing hypotheses not possible from in vitro cultures or cross-sectional clinical studies with humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary R Galinski
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Experimental Treatment of SIV-Infected Macaques via Autograft of CCR5-Disrupted Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2020; 17:520-531. [PMID: 32258215 PMCID: PMC7114624 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2020.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)-based gene therapy targeting CCR5 represents a promising way to cure human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. Yet the preclinical animal model with transplantation of autologous CCR5-ablated HSCs remains to be optimized. In this study, four Chinese rhesus macaques of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) chronic infection were given long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART), during which peripheral CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) were purified and infected with CCR5-specific CRISPR/Cas9 lentivirus (three monkeys) or GFP lentivirus (one monkey). After non-myeloablative conditioning, the CCR5-modified or GFP-labeled HSPCs were autotransplanted to four recipients, and ART was withdrawn following engraftment. All of the recipients survived the process of transplantation. The purified CD34+ HSPCs harbored an undetectable level of integrated SIV DNA. The efficiency of CCR5 disruption in HSPCs ranges from 6.5% to 15.6%. Animals experienced a comparable level of hematopoietic reconstuction and displayed a similar physiological homeostasis Despite the low-level editing of CCR5 in vivo (0.3%-1%), the CCR5-disrupted cells in peripheral CD4+ Effector Memory T cell (TEM) subsets were enriched 2- to 3-fold after cessation of ART. Moreover, two of the three treated monkeys displayed a delayed viral rebound and a moderately recovered immune function 6 months after ART withdrawal. This study highlights the importance of improving the CCR5-editing efficacy and augmenting the virus-specific immunity for effective treatment of HIV-1 infection.
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Liu G, Li Y, Qin L, Yan Y, Ye Y, Chen Y, Huang C, Zhao S, Yao Y, Su Z, Chen X. SIV infection aggravates malaria in a Chinese rhesus monkey coinfection model. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:965. [PMID: 31718574 PMCID: PMC6852750 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4465-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The co-occurrence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and malaria in humans in endemic areas raises the question of whether one of these infections affects the course of the other. Although epidemiological studies have shown the impact of HIV infection on malaria, the mechanism(s) are not yet fully understood. Using a Chinese rhesus macaque coinfection model with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and Plasmodium cynomolgi (Pc) malaria, we investigated the effect of concurrent SIV infection on the course of malaria and the underlying immunological mechanism(s). Methods We randomly assigned ten Chinese rhesus monkeys to two groups based on body weight and age. The SIV-Pc coinfection animals (S + P group) were infected intravenously with SIVmac251 eight weeks prior to malaria infection, and the control animals (P group) were infected intravenously with only Pc-infected red blood cells. After malaria was cured with chloroquine phosphate, we also initiated a secondary malaria infection that lasted 4 weeks. We monitored body weight, body temperature and parasitemia, measured SIV viral loads, hemoglobin and neopterin, and tracked the CD4+, CD8+, and CD4+ memory subpopulations, Ki67 and apoptosis by flow cytometry. Then, we compared these parameters between the two groups. Results The animals infected with SIV prior to Pc infection exhibited more severe malaria symptoms characterized by longer episodes, higher parasitemia, more severe anemia, greater body weight loss and higher body temperature than the animals infected with Pc alone. Concurrent SIV infection also impaired immune protection against the secondary Pc challenge infection. The coinfected animals showed a reduced B cell response to Pc malaria and produced lower levels of Pc-specific antibodies. In addition, compared to the animals subjected to Pc infection alone, the animals coinfected with SIV and Pc had suppressed total CD4+ T cells, CD4+CD28highCD95high central memory T cells, and CD4+CD28lowCD95− naïve T cells, which may result from the imbalanced immune activation and faster CD4+ T cell turnover in coinfected animals. Conclusions SIV infection aggravates malaria physiologically and immunologically in Chinese rhesus monkeys. This nonhuman primate SIV and Pc malaria coinfection model might be a useful tool for investigating human HIV and malaria coinfection and developing effective therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangjie Liu
- Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Center of Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou Science Park, Guangzhou, 510530, China.,Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Shenzhen Institute of Geriatrics, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Youjia Li
- Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Center of Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou Science Park, Guangzhou, 510530, China.,Shenzhen Institute of Geriatrics, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li Qin
- Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Center of Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou Science Park, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Yongxiang Yan
- Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Center of Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou Science Park, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Yijian Ye
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Center of Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Center of Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Cuizhu Huang
- Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Center of Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou Science Park, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Siting Zhao
- Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Center of Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou Science Park, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Yongchao Yao
- Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Center of Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou Science Park, Guangzhou, 510530, China.,Shenzhen Institute of Geriatrics, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhong Su
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Center of Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Center of Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou Science Park, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
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Zhan XY, Zhang Y, Zhai E, Zhu QY, He Y. Sorting nexin-1 is a candidate tumor suppressor and potential prognostic marker in gastric cancer. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4829. [PMID: 29868263 PMCID: PMC5983015 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sorting nexin-1 (SNX1) is an important functional protein in cell endocytosis, efflux, protein sorting, cell signal transduction, etc; however, the expression, the role and clinical relevance of SNX1 have not been investigated in gastric cancer (GC). In this study, we first performed a bioinformatics investigation using the data obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The result showed that SNX1 mRNA levels were significantly lower in GC tissues than in paracancerous tissues. In a study of 150 cases of GC, including 60 cases with paired paracancerous and cancer tissues and 90 cases with detailed follow-up information, SNX1 expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Our study on paired paracancerous and cancer tissues showed that SNX1 protein expression remarkably decreased in GC tissues (50/60, 83.33%). A study on 90 patients with detailed follow-up information showed that tumors with higher SNX1 protein level were correlated with better clinicopathologic stages (p = 0.0285), nodal status (p = 0.0286), smaller tumor sizes (p = 0.0294) and a better survival rate in patients with GC (p = 0.0245). Univariate analysis of the 90 patients with GC showed that low-level SNX1 was significantly correlated with decreased overall survival of GC patients (p = 0.008), and associated with a relatively higher cumulative hazard of death. Exogenous expression of SNX1 inhibited the growth, migration, invasion and promoted the apoptosis and enhanced the sensitivity of GC cells to the chemotherapeutic drug 5-Fluorouracil (5-Fu) in vitro, while knockdown of SNX1 by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) significantly promoted the growth, migration, invasion and reduced the apoptosis and the sensitivity of GC cells to 5-Fu. SNX1 also showed to influence the levels of epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers including Vimentin, Snail, and E-cadherin in GC cells in vitro. Taken together, we propose here that SNX1 serves as a tumor suppressor and prognostic marker that reduces tumor cell malignancy for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yong Zhan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou KingMed Center for Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou, China.,KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaqiong Zhang
- Guangzhou KingMed Center for Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou, China.,KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ertao Zhai
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing-Yi Zhu
- Guangzhou KingMed Center for Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou, China.,KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yulong He
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Li JL, Zheng YT, Zhao XD, Hu XT. Meeting report: the 4 th symposium on animal models of non-human primates in Kunming, Yunnan, China. Zool Res 2016; 37:361-365. [PMID: 28105801 PMCID: PMC5359324 DOI: 10.13918/j.issn.2095-8137.2016.6.361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; Kunming Primate Research Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China.
| | - Yong-Tang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; Kunming Primate Research Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China.
| | - Xu-Dong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; Kunming Primate Research Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Xin-Tian Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; Kunming Primate Research Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
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9
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Frischknecht F, Fackler OT. Experimental systems for studying Plasmodium/HIV coinfection. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:2000-13. [PMID: 27009943 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Coinfections with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Plasmodium, the causative agents of AIDS and malaria, respectively, are frequent and their comorbidity especially in sub-Saharan Africa is high. While clinical studies suggest an influence of the two pathogens on the outcome of the respective infections, experimental studies on the molecular and immunological impact of coinfections are rare. This reflects the limited availability of suitable model systems that reproduce key properties of both pathologies. Here, we discuss key aspects of coinfection with a focus on currently established experimental systems, their limitations for coinfection studies and potential strategies for their improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friedrich Frischknecht
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Integrative Parasitology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oliver T Fackler
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Integrative Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
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Savarino A, Shytaj IL. Chloroquine and beyond: exploring anti-rheumatic drugs to reduce immune hyperactivation in HIV/AIDS. Retrovirology 2015; 12:51. [PMID: 26084487 PMCID: PMC4472405 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-015-0178-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The restoration of the immune system prompted by antiretroviral therapy (ART) has allowed drastically reducing the mortality and morbidity of HIV infection. However, one main source of clinical concern is the persistence of immune hyperactivation in individuals under ART. Chronically enhanced levels of T-cell activation are associated with several deleterious effects which lead to faster disease progression and slower CD4+ T-cell recovery during ART. In this article, we discuss the rationale, and review the results, of the use of antimalarial quinolines, such as chloroquine and its derivative hydroxychloroquine, to counteract immune activation in HIV infection. Despite the promising results of several pilot trials, the most recent clinical data indicate that antimalarial quinolines are unlikely to exert a marked beneficial effect on immune activation. Alternative approaches will likely be required to reproducibly decrease immune activation in the setting of HIV infection. If the quinoline-based strategies should nevertheless be pursued in future studies, particular care must be devoted to the dosage selection, in order to maximize the chances to obtain effective in vivo drug concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Savarino
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Iart Luca Shytaj
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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