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Haralambieva IH, Eberhard KG, Ovsyannikova IG, Grill DE, Schaid DJ, Kennedy RB, Poland GA. Transcriptional signatures associated with rubella virus-specific humoral immunity after a third dose of MMR vaccine in women of childbearing age. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:1824-1838. [PMID: 33818775 PMCID: PMC9841595 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202049054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Multiple factors linked to host genetics/inherent biology play a role in interindividual variability in immune response outcomes after rubella vaccination. In order to identify these factors, we conducted a study of rubella-specific humoral immunity before (Baseline) and after (Day 28) a third dose of MMR-II vaccine in a cohort of 109 women of childbearing age. We performed mRNA-Seq profiling of PBMCs after rubella virus in vitro stimulation to delineate genes associated with post-vaccination rubella humoral immunity and to define genes mediating the association between prior immune response status (high or low antibody) and subsequent immune response outcome. Our study identified novel genes that mediated the association between prior immune response and neutralizing antibody titer after a third MMR vaccine dose. These genes included the following: CDC34; CSNK1D; APOBEC3F; RAD18; AAAS; SLC37A1; FAS; and JAK2. The encoded proteins are involved in innate antiviral response, IFN/cytokine signaling, B cell repertoire generation, the clonal selection of B lymphocytes in germinal centers, and somatic hypermutation/antibody affinity maturation to promote optimal antigen-specific B cell immune function. These data advance our understanding of how subjects' prior immune status and/or genetic propensity to respond to rubella/MMR vaccination ultimately affects innate immunity and humoral immune outcomes after vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Diane E. Grill
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Daniel J. Schaid
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Richard B. Kennedy
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Gregory A. Poland
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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2
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Conner KL, Shaik AN, Marshall KA, Floyd AM, Ekinci E, Lindquist J, Sawant A, Lei W, Adolph MB, Chelico L, Siriwardena SU, Bhagwat A, Kim S, Cote ML, Patrick SM. APOBEC3 enzymes mediate efficacy of cisplatin and are epistatic with base excision repair and mismatch repair in platinum response. NAR Cancer 2020; 2:zcaa033. [PMID: 33196045 PMCID: PMC7646253 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcaa033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying the mechanisms mediating cisplatin response is essential for improving patient response. Previous research has identified base excision repair (BER) and mismatch repair (MMR) activity in sensitizing cells to cisplatin. Cisplatin forms DNA adducts including interstrand cross-links (ICLs) that distort the DNA helix, forcing adjacent cytosines to become extrahelical. These extrahelical cytosines provide a substrate for cytosine deaminases. Herein, we show that APOBEC3 (A3) enzymes are capable of deaminating the extrahelical cytosines to uracils and sensitizing breast cancer cells to cisplatin. Knockdown of A3s results in resistance to cisplatin and induction of A3 expression in cells with low A3 expression increases sensitivity to cisplatin. We show that the actions of A3s are epistatic with BER and MMR. We propose that A3-induced cytosine deamination to uracil at cisplatin ICLs results in repair of uracils by BER, which blocks ICL DNA repair and enhances cisplatin efficacy and improves breast cancer outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla L Conner
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Barbara Ann Karmanos Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Asra N Shaik
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Barbara Ann Karmanos Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Katie A Marshall
- Department of Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ashley M Floyd
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Barbara Ann Karmanos Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Elmira Ekinci
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Barbara Ann Karmanos Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Jacob Lindquist
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Barbara Ann Karmanos Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Akshada Sawant
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Wen Lei
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Barbara Ann Karmanos Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | | | - Linda Chelico
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 103 Hospital Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | | | - Ashok Bhagwat
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Seongho Kim
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Barbara Ann Karmanos Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Michele L Cote
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Barbara Ann Karmanos Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Steve M Patrick
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Barbara Ann Karmanos Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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Mouse APOBEC3 Restriction of Retroviruses. Viruses 2020; 12:v12111217. [PMID: 33121095 PMCID: PMC7692085 DOI: 10.3390/v12111217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic peptide 3 (APOBEC3) proteins are critical host proteins that counteract and prevent the replication of retroviruses. Unlike the genome of humans and other species, the mouse genome encodes a single Apobec3 gene, which has undergone positive selection, as reflected by the allelic variants found in different inbred mouse strains. This positive selection was likely due to infection by various mouse retroviruses, which have persisted in their hosts for millions of years. While mouse retroviruses are inhibited by APOBEC3, they nonetheless still remain infectious, likely due to the actions of different viral proteins that counteract this host factor. The study of viruses in their natural hosts provides important insight into their co-evolution.
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Miller CM, Barrett BS, Chen J, Morrison JH, Radomile C, Santiago ML, Poeschla EM. Systemic Expression of a Viral RdRP Protects against Retrovirus Infection and Disease. J Virol 2020; 94:e00071-20. [PMID: 32051266 PMCID: PMC7163129 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00071-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system is normally programmed for immediate but transient upregulation in response to invading pathogens, and interferon (IFN)-stimulated gene (ISG) activation is a central feature. In contrast, chronic innate immune system activation is typically associated with autoimmunity and a broad array of autoinflammatory diseases that include the interferonopathies. Here, we studied retroviral susceptibility in a transgenic mouse model with lifelong innate immune system hyperactivation. The mice transgenically express low levels of a picornaviral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP), which synthesizes double-stranded RNAs that are sensed by melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5) to trigger constitutive upregulation of many ISGs. However, in striking counterpoint to the paradigm established by numerous human and murine examples of ISG hyperactivation, including constitutive MDA5 activation, they lack autoinflammatory sequelae. RdRP-transgenic mice (RdRP mice) resist infection and disease caused by several pathogenic RNA and DNA viruses. However, retroviruses are sensed through other mechanisms, persist in the host, and have distinctive replication and immunity-evading properties. We infected RdRP mice and wild-type (WT) mice with various doses of a pathogenic retrovirus (Friend virus) and assessed immune parameters and disease at 1, 4, and 8 weeks. Compared to WT mice, RdRP mice had significantly reduced splenomegaly, viral loads, and infection of multiple target cell types in the spleen and the bone marrow. During chronic infection, RdRP mice had 2.35 ± 0.66 log10 lower circulating viral RNA than WT. Protection required ongoing type I IFN signaling. The results show that the reconfigured RdRP mouse innate immune system substantially reduced retroviral replication, set point, and pathogenesis.IMPORTANCE Immune control of retroviruses is notoriously difficult, a fundamental problem that has been most clinically consequential with the HIV-1 pandemic. As humans expand further into previously uninhabited areas, the likelihood of new zoonotic retroviral exposures increases. The role of the innate immune system, including ISGs, in controlling retroviral infections is currently an area of intensive study. This work provides evidence that a primed innate immune system is an effective defense against retroviral pathogenesis, resulting in reduced viral replication and burden of disease outcomes. RdRP mice also had considerably lower Friend retrovirus (FV) viremia. The results could have implications for harnessing ISG responses to reduce transmission or control pathogenesis of human retroviral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin M Miller
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Bradley S Barrett
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jianfang Chen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - James H Morrison
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Caleb Radomile
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Mario L Santiago
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Eric M Poeschla
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Saenwongsa W, Nithichanon A, Chittaganpitch M, Buayai K, Kewcharoenwong C, Thumrongwilainet B, Butta P, Palaga T, Takahashi Y, Ato M, Lertmemongkolchai G. Metformin-induced suppression of IFN-α via mTORC1 signalling following seasonal vaccination is associated with impaired antibody responses in type 2 diabetes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3229. [PMID: 32094377 PMCID: PMC7039947 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60213-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) patients are at an increased risk of complications following influenza-virus infection, seasonal vaccination (SV) is recommended. However, SV with trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV) can induce antibody and type-I interferon (IFN) responses, and the effect of anti-DM treatment on these responses is incompletely understood. We evaluated the antibody response and IFN-α expression in individuals with and without type 2 DM (T2DM) following SV, and examined the effects on anti-DM treatment. TIV elicited sero-protection in all groups, but antibody persistency was <8 months, except for the antibody response to B-antigens in non-DM. T2DM impaired the IgG avidity index, and T2DM showed a significantly decreased response against H1N1 and H3N2, in addition to delaying and reducing haemagglutination-inhibition persistency against influenza B-antigens in DM groups treated with metformin (Met-DM) or glibenclamide (GB-DM). Following TIV, the Met-DM and GB-DM groups exhibited reduced IFN-α expression upon stimulation with whole- and split-virion influenza vaccines. Suppression of IFN-α expression in the Met-DM group was associated with a reduction in the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex-1 pathway and impaired IgG avidity index. Thus, single-dose TIV each year might not be suitable for T2DM. Our data could aid the development of an efficacious influenza vaccine for T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wipawee Saenwongsa
- Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Disease Prevention and Control Region 10th, Ubonratchathani, Ministry of Public Health, Mueang Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Arnone Nithichanon
- Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Malinee Chittaganpitch
- National Influenza Centre, Department of Medical Science, Ministry of Public Health, Mueang Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Kampaew Buayai
- National Influenza Centre, Department of Medical Science, Ministry of Public Health, Mueang Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Chidchamai Kewcharoenwong
- Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | | | - Patcharavadee Butta
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tanapat Palaga
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Manabu Ato
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ganjana Lertmemongkolchai
- Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
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Dittmer U, Sutter K, Kassiotis G, Zelinskyy G, Bánki Z, Stoiber H, Santiago ML, Hasenkrug KJ. Friend retrovirus studies reveal complex interactions between intrinsic, innate and adaptive immunity. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2019; 43:435-456. [PMID: 31087035 PMCID: PMC6735856 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuz012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 4.4% of the human genome is comprised of endogenous retroviral sequences, a record of an evolutionary battle between man and retroviruses. Much of what we know about viral immunity comes from studies using mouse models. Experiments using the Friend virus (FV) model have been particularly informative in defining highly complex anti-retroviral mechanisms of the intrinsic, innate and adaptive arms of immunity. FV studies have unraveled fundamental principles about how the immune system controls both acute and chronic viral infections. They led to a more complete understanding of retroviral immunity that begins with cellular sensing, production of type I interferons, and the induction of intrinsic restriction factors. Novel mechanisms have been revealed, which demonstrate that these earliest responses affect not only virus replication, but also subsequent innate and adaptive immunity. This review on FV immunity not only surveys the complex host responses to a retroviral infection from acute infection to chronicity, but also highlights the many feedback mechanisms that regulate and counter-regulate the various arms of the immune system. In addition, the discovery of molecular mechanisms of immunity in this model have led to therapeutic interventions with implications for HIV cure and vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf Dittmer
- Institute for Virology, University Clinics Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstr. 179, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Sutter
- Institute for Virology, University Clinics Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstr. 179, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - George Kassiotis
- Retroviral Immunology, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital, Praed St, Paddington, London W2 1NY, UK
| | - Gennadiy Zelinskyy
- Institute for Virology, University Clinics Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstr. 179, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Zoltán Bánki
- Division of Virology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Peter-Mayrstr. 4b, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Heribert Stoiber
- Division of Virology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Peter-Mayrstr. 4b, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mario L Santiago
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12700E 19th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kim J Hasenkrug
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIAID, NIH, 903S 4th Street, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
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