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Parlas M, Eryilmaz G. The effects of the PRECEDE-PROCEED model-based educational program on genital hygiene behaviors: A randomized controlled trial. Health Care Women Int 2023:1-19. [PMID: 36657105 DOI: 10.1080/07399332.2022.2164582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of the PRECEDE-PROCEED model-based educational program on women's genital hygiene behaviors. A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 120 women diagnosed with genital infections and assigned to the experimental (n = 60) and control (n = 60) groups. Educational intervention was designed based on the PRECEDE-PROCEED model and implemented in the experimental group. Data were collected three times before (pretest), right after (posttest) and 1 month after the intervention using the personal information form, Data Form for Knowledge, Attitudes, and Beliefs about Genital Hygiene and Genital Hygiene Behaviors Inventory (GHBI). After the educational intervention, the participants' hygiene-related knowledge, attitudes and behaviors improved in the experimental group at the posttest and follow-up test from the baseline. A statistically significant difference was found between the groups. We concluded that PRECEDE-PROCEED model-based educational program positively affected the women's genital hygiene-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manolya Parlas
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing Deparment, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gulsen Eryilmaz
- Obstetric and Gynecologic Nursing Department, Nursing Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Alva J, Kannappan SR, Joseph G, Upashe S. Hostel Residents' Knowledge on Feminine Hygiene—Effect of Information Booklet. JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND ALLIED SCIENCES NU 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1739231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose of the Study Adolescence is the transformational period of life from childhood to adulthood. Pubertal changes influence the functioning of the reproductory tract of adolescent girls. At this stage, adequate knowledge of feminine hygiene becomes vital in the prevention of urinary tract infection; if not treated, it may cause various complications in the future. Hence, every adolescent girl needs to be educated on the importance of maintaining femininity.
Methods A quantitative research methodology was adopted, with a one-group pre- and posttest design. A random sampling procedure was used to find 100 samples that met the inclusion criteria. A structured knowledge questionnaire was used to get the essential data. Following the pretest, an information brochure on feminine hygiene was distributed. After 7 days, a posttest was conducted.
Results The acquired data were analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics. Around 72% of the participants were under the age of 18. Thirty percent of them did not receive any feminine hygiene information. The mean posttest knowledge score of 16.54 is higher than the pretest knowledge score of 14.31, indicating that understanding of feminine hygiene has improved.
Conclusion In the pretest, 39% of hostel residents had poor awareness of feminine hygiene, indicating a need for instruction. The difference in knowledge score between pre- and posttest knowledge demonstrates the usefulness of the information booklet in enhancing feminine hygiene knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeevitha Alva
- Department of Child Health Nursing, Nitte Usha Institute of Nursing Sciences, Nitte (Deemed to be) University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sujatha R. Kannappan
- Department of Child Health Nursing, Nitte Usha Institute of Nursing Sciences, Nitte (Deemed to be) University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Gincy Joseph
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Nitte Usha Institute of Nursing Sciences, Nitte (Deemed to be) University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Shivaleela Upashe
- Department of Child Health Nursing, Nitte Usha Institute of Nursing Sciences, Nitte (Deemed to be) University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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Bassey UE, Adebayo AM. Prevalence and Factors Associated With Vaginal Douching Among Secondary School Girls in a Metropolitan City in Ogun State, Nigeria. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2021; 34:12-17. [PMID: 32553710 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE This study was designed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with vaginal douching among secondary school girls in a metropolitan city in Ogun State, Nigeria. DESIGN A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out using a semi-structured interviewer-assisted questionnaire adapted from previous studies. SETTING Eight secondary schools in a metropolitan city of Ogun State. PARTICIPANTS A total of 818 secondary school girls aged 10-19 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE The outcome of interest was the association between vaginal douching (lifetime) with demographic characteristics, socioeconomic characteristics of respondents' parents, source of information on douching (eg, family members, teachers), and perception about douching and its health consequences. RESULTS Mean age of the respondents was 13.9 ± 1.9 years. Most (72.7%) respondents were from co-educational schools; 62.5% were from public schools; 53.2% were day students; and majority (82.0%) were from nuclear families. Prevalence of vaginal douching was 63.8% and the predictors of the practice were respondents' age (OR, 0.2; 95% CI = 0.063-0.603), family setting (OR = 0.4; 95% CI = 0.221-0.819), fathers' occupation (OR = 0.6; 95% CI = 0.312-0.953), main source of douching information (OR = 2.4; 95% CI = 1.370-4.192), and perception about douching and its health consequences (OR = 2.2; 95% CI = 1.403-3.523 and OR = 2.0; 95% CI = 1.236-3.187 respectively). CONCLUSION Vaginal douching was prevalent among secondary school adolescent girls in the study area. Factors associated with the practice include age, family setting, fathers' occupation, source of information on douching, perception about douching practice, and perceived health consequences of the practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ayodeji M Adebayo
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Shaw R, Masaun K, Liston J, Bates C, Clarke E. Missed opportunities: misconceptions and lack of knowledge about vulval skin care in women attending a sexual health clinic. Int J STD AIDS 2020; 31:1102-1105. [PMID: 32854591 DOI: 10.1177/0956462420945961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Vulval skin care is an important part of women's health, and this evaluation aimed to explore vulval care among women attending our sexual health clinic. A questionnaire was completed by 135 women over a five-week period. Forty-three women (32%) washed their vulva two to three times a day, with 93 (69%) using a detergent-containing product. Thirty-eight women (28%) used sanitary products when not menstruating. Ninety-five women (70%) reported at least one previous vulvo-vaginal condition. One hundred and two women (76%) reported being confident in vulval care; however, 60 women (44%) wished to receive more information. The mismatch between women's confidence and knowledge may reflect mixed sources of education used by women. We recommend that sexual health clinics review the information they provide to patients on vulval care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Shaw
- Axess Sexual Health, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Kiran Masaun
- School of Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - James Liston
- Colorectal Surgery Department, Warrington and Halton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Warrington, UK
| | - Christine Bates
- Axess Sexual Health, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Emily Clarke
- Axess Sexual Health, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
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Felix TC, de Araújo LB, Röder DVDDB, Pedroso RDS. Evaluation of Vulvovaginitis and Hygiene Habits of Women Attended in Primary Health Care Units of the Family. Int J Womens Health 2020; 12:49-57. [PMID: 32099484 PMCID: PMC6996544 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s229366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aims to investigate the occurrence of vulvovaginal infections, to describe and to relate the hygiene habits of women who were treated at the Units of Primary Attention to Family Health in a municipality in the interior of Brazil. Methods This was a cross-sectional study that was carried out in two Primary Health Care Units of the Family of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The population sample consisted of 100 women who underwent gynecological consultation in the health units. Data were collected through interviews and by the analysis of medical records. Results were reported according to laboratory reports. Results The participants' ages ranged from 18 to 45 years, with a median of 36 years. Thirty women (30%) presented alterations in the microbiota from a Pap smear, where bacterial vaginosis (diagnosed with Amsel criteria) was the predominant microorganism (83.3%). More than half of the women in the study who had vulvovaginitis wore cotton panties (70%, p = 0.651) and tight jeans/pants (83.3%, p = 0.010). The habit of depilating the genital area was reported by all the women, with the razor blade being the most commonly used tool (68%; p = 0.196). Conclusion Bacterial vaginosis was the most commonly reported infection in the cytological exams. Care with genitalia and genital hygiene habits may be associated with the occurrence of vulvovaginitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Chimati Felix
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Medical School, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lúcio Borges de Araújo
- Faculty of Mathematics, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Denise Von Dolinger de Brito Röder
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Medical School, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Reginaldo Dos Santos Pedroso
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Medical School, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Technical Course in Clinical Analysis, Health Technical School, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Kazakova AV, Uvarova EV, Limareva LV, Trupakova AA, Mishina AI. Prediction of bacterial vulvovaginitis in girls at different Tanner stages of sexual development. BULLETIN OF RUSSIAN STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2019. [DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2019.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
At present, there is a paucity of research studies that comprehensively investigate the factors causing vulvovaginitis in young females. The aim of this work was to propose an algorithm for predicting the risk of vulvovaginitis in young girls and adolescents. The study recruited 252 healthy girls, who were stratified into a few groups depending on their sexual development on the Tanner scale. The composition of vaginal microbiota was determined in all the participants using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR); distribution of allele and genotype frequencies was assessed for the polymorphic variants of genes coding for pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Based on the obtained data, we created a functional model for predicting the risk of vulvovaginitis in girls at different stages of sexual development. Favorable risk factors for Tanner I girls included predominance of obligate anaerobes in vaginal microbiota and the polymorphic IL10 variant (C-819T) homozygous for TT. The sensitivity of the model was 80%, its specificity was 78%. Favorable risk factors for prepubertal and pubertal girls included predominance of aerobes in the composition of vaginal microbiota and the presence of the TT allele in the polymorphic IL10 gene variant (C-3953T). The sensitivity of the model was 58.3%, whereas specificity, 94.1%. This study provides the rationale conforming with the principles of evidence-based medicine for using prevention measures in the groups at risk for vulvovaginitis at young age. The proposed measures allowed us to reduce the relapse rate of bacterial vulvovaginitis threefold.
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Affiliation(s)
- AV Kazakova
- Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russia
| | - EV Uvarova
- Kulakov Federal Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatolоgy, Moscow, Russia
| | - LV Limareva
- Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russia
| | | | - AI Mishina
- Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russia
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Ziba FA, Yakong VN, Asore RA, Frederickson K, Flynch M. Douching practices among women in the Bolgatanga municipality of the upper east region of Ghana. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2019; 19:32. [PMID: 30736772 PMCID: PMC6368746 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-019-0720-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaginal douching is a common practice among women all over the world. Women douche for various reasons, despite evidence indicating the harmful health effects of the practice. There is lack of data on the practice in Ghana but health behaviors like vaginal douching may be influenced by differences in culture and geography. Therefore, this study sought to assess prevalence and predictors of vaginal douching practices among women of the Bolgatanga Municipality of Ghana. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 women from January to March 2016. RESULTS Sixty-seven percent of the women practiced vaginal douching, from which a similar proportion did it daily. Over two-thirds (67.7%) of the women used water for douching. The reasons for douching were cleansing the vagina (67.7%), therapeutic effects (12.8%) and tightening of the vaginal muscles (19.5%). The majority (87.2%) of women who douched were unaware of the harmful health effects associated with the practice. The educational level of the women (p = 0.025) and having knowledge of the dangers associated with douching (p < 0.001) were then significantly associated with douching practices. CONCLUSION Vaginal douching is commonly practiced by women in the Bolgatanga Municipality. Most of these women douche because they did not know that there are health problems associated with the practice. Health education on the issues of women health is very vital for the improvement of women's health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vida Nyagre Yakong
- Department of Midwifery, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | | | | | - Michele Flynch
- Lienhard School of Nursing, Pace University, Pleasantville, New York City, USA
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Rouzi AA, Berg RC, Turkistani J, Alamoudi R, Alsinani N, Alkafy S, Alwazzan A. Practices and complications of pubic hair removal among Saudi women. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2018; 18:172. [PMID: 30348152 PMCID: PMC6196448 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-018-0661-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Pubic hair grooming, including the complete removal of pubic hair, has become an increasingly common practice, particularly among young women. Although widespread, there is limited data regarding the methods, products, reasons, and complications of pubic hair removal, particularly among Saudi women. The objective was to examine pubic hair removal practices and the prevalence of its complications among Saudi women living in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Methods In this cross-sectional study conducted at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Saudi women between 16 and 60 years of age who had the ability to read and speak Arabic, were eligible to complete an anonymous and self-administered survey on pubic hair removal practices and its complications. Results Between December 2015 and September 2016, 400 Saudi women completed the survey. The age was 26.3 ± 6.9, 16–58 (mean ± SD, range) years. About three quarters (77.0%) self-removed their pubic hair, while the remainder made use of professional personnel in medical clinics (15.5%), beauty salons (5.3%), and professional services at home (2.2%). Many women (41.8%) used a combination of hair removal methods, with non-electric razor as the most common single method used (33.5%), followed by laser (8.7%), sugaring (6.0%), waxing (4.5%), trimming (2.0%), electric razor (2.0%), and cream (1.5%). Three-quarters of women (75.5%) reported complications, and although they were mostly minor injuries, treatment had to be sought for 17.9% of complications. Multivariable analyses showed that no variables remained correlated with the occurrence of complications (age of starting hair removal, income, BMI, level of education, mode of removal, advice on removal). Conclusions Saudi women initiate pubic hair removal in early adolescence. While most complications are minor, close to one in five women experience complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahim A Rouzi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Abdulaziz University, PO Box 80215, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rigmor C Berg
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Community Medicine, The University of Tromso, Tromso, Norway
| | - Jamela Turkistani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Abdulaziz University, PO Box 80215, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rana Alamoudi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Abdulaziz University, PO Box 80215, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawal Alsinani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Abdulaziz University, PO Box 80215, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Souzan Alkafy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Abdulaziz University, PO Box 80215, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Alwazzan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Abdulaziz University, PO Box 80215, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Kelčíková S, Mazúchová L, Kaisová L. EXAMINING THE DETERMINANTS OF INTIMATE HYGIENE FOR YOUNG WOMEN WITH AN EMPHASIS ON BEHAVIOR RELATED TO RISK OF VULVOVAGINAL INFECTIONS. CENTRAL EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NURSING AND MIDWIFERY 2017. [DOI: 10.15452/cejnm.2017.08.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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