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Del Mouro L, Lerosey-Aubril R, Botting J, Coleman R, Gaines RR, Skabelund J, Weaver JC, Ortega-Hernández J. A new sponge from the Marjum Formation of Utah documents the Cambrian origin of the hexactinellid body plan. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 11:231845. [PMID: 39295920 PMCID: PMC11407857 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.231845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024]
Abstract
Modern poriferans are classified into four classes-Calcarea, Demospongiae, Hexactinellida and Homoscleromorpha-the recognition of which in fossil specimens almost exclusively relies on spicule morphology and arrangement. Early fossil representatives of the phylum Porifera are morphologically diverse, and many of them problematically display characteristics that are incompatible with the classification scheme developed for modern taxa. Critically, hexactine spicules-a diagnostic feature of hexactinellids among modern taxa-are found in various Cambrian and Ordovician taxa that cannot be accommodated within the hexactinellid body plan. Here we describe a new poriferan from the Drumian Marjum Formation of Utah, Polygoniella turrelli gen. et sp. nov., which exhibits a unique combination of complex anatomical features for a Cambrian form, including a syconoid-like organization, a thick body wall, and a multi-layered hexactin-based skeleton. The hexactinellid-like body wall architecture of this new species supports a Cambrian origin of the hexactinellid body plan and provides valuable insights into character evolution in early glass sponges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Del Mouro
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Institute of Geosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-080, Brazil
| | - Rudy Lerosey-Aubril
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Joseph Botting
- Amgueddfa Cymru, National Museum Wales, Cardiff CF10 3NP, UK
- Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Robert R Gaines
- Geology Department, Pomona College, Claremont, CA 91711, USA
| | | | - James C Weaver
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02218, USA
| | - Javier Ortega-Hernández
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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2
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Ehrlich H, Voronkina A, Tabachniсk K, Kubiak A, Ereskovsky A, Jesionowski T. Silactins and Structural Diversity of Biosilica in Sponges. Biomimetics (Basel) 2024; 9:393. [PMID: 39056834 PMCID: PMC11274843 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9070393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Sponges (phylum Porifera) were among the first metazoans on Earth, and represent a unique global source of highly structured and diverse biosilica that has been formed and tested over more than 800 million years of evolution. Poriferans are recognized as a unique archive of siliceous multiscaled skeletal constructs with superficial micro-ornamentation patterned by biopolymers. In the present study, spicules and skeletal frameworks of selected representatives of sponges in such classes as Demospongiae, Homoscleromorpha, and Hexactinellida were desilicified using 10% HF with the aim of isolating axial filaments, which resemble the shape and size of the original structures. These filaments were unambiguously identified in all specimens under study as F-actin, using the highly specific indicators iFluor™ 594-Phalloidin, iFluor™ 488-Phalloidin, and iFluor™ 350-Phalloidin. The identification of this kind of F-actins, termed for the first time as silactins, as specific pattern drivers in skeletal constructs of sponges opens the way to the fundamental understanding of their skeletogenesis. Examples illustrating the biomimetic potential of sophisticated poriferan biosilica patterned by silactins are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermann Ehrlich
- Center of Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznan, Poland;
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Alona Voronkina
- Pharmacy Department, National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya, Pirogov Street 56, 21018 Vinnytsia, Ukraine;
| | - Konstantin Tabachniсk
- International Institute of Biomineralogy GmbH, Am St.-Niclas Schacht 13, 09599 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Anita Kubiak
- Center of Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznan, Poland;
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 8, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Alexander Ereskovsky
- IMBE, CNRS, IRD, Aix Marseille University, Station Marine d’Endoume, Rue de la Batterie des Lions, 13007 Marseille, France;
| | - Teofil Jesionowski
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
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Soest RWMVAN. Correcting sponge names: nomenclatural update of lower taxa level Porifera. Zootaxa 2024; 5398:1-122. [PMID: 38221180 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5398.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
The online World Porifera Database (WPD), the Porifera part of the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS), lists virtually all published scientific names of sponges. The names of the WPD (as indeed all names in WoRMS) are guided by the Code of the International Comnission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN). The WPD names include all currently accepted as well as original combinations, and a majority of non-accepted non-original combinations. Currently, among the accepted names about 200 original lower taxa combinations were found to be accepted by default, usually varieties or formae, which were given that status in the WPD because there was no sufficient published information to support arguments for or against the accepted status. After 1961, varieties and formae are considered infrasubspecific taxa whose names are not regulated by the Code and the names are unavailable, but prior to that date these trinominal taxa are potential available names. It is the purpose of the present study to evaluate these original default accepted combinations and arrive at an argumented judgement on whether they are to be truly accepted or non-accepted. Furthermore, additional lower taxa name violations of the Code are also included. Overall, there are three categories of names of lower taxa treated here, (1) with combinations, which are judged to be accepted with elevated status as (sub)specific taxa, (2) with combinations judged to be junior synonyms, and (3) with combinations, which are violating articles of the Code. Among the last category there are a small number of varietal taxa described after the 1960 cut-off date, which are unavailable but are proposed to have the original name combination retained, but as new names with authorship and year changed to those of the present article. Also, names found to be unavailable for various reasons (four-name combinations, junior homonyms, phylocode names) are in this category. The following 31 new names are proposed (three of which are junior synonyms of senior accepted names, and an additional three are unavailable names made available by employing the same name combination with the present authorship and year): Aaptos hoshinoi nom.nov., Ancorina nanosclera nom.nov., Axinella kurushima nom.nov., Callyspongia (Cladochalina) desqueyrouxfaundezae nom.nov., Cliona carpenteri subsp. hentscheli nom.nov., Callyspongia (Toxochalina) gustavoi nom.nov., Craniella microspira nom.nov., Dictyaulus romani nom.nov., Grantia breitfussi nom.nov., Haliclona alba subsp. albapontica nom.nov., Haliclona aquaeductus subsp. sebastopolensis nom.nov., Haliclona inflata subsp. vladimiri nom.nov., Haliclona informis subsp. voldomaroi nom.nov., Haliclona palmata subsp. pontuseuxiniensis nom.nov., Haliclona (Gellius) arthuri nom.nov., Haliclona (Gellius) godthaabae nom.nov., Haliclona merguiensis nom.nov., Haliclona senjitanitai nom.nov., Iophon hentscheli nom.nov., Leucandra wilsoni nom.nov., Paraleucilla bassensis nom.nov. (= P. saccharata), Pione carpenteri subsp. hentscheli nom.nov., Psammocinia samaaii nom.nov., Protoschmidtia czerniavskyi nom.nov. (= Metschnikowia tuberculata), Reiswiginella nom.nov., Scalarispongia lamarcki nom.nov., Spheciospongia hentscheli nom.nov., Spongia (Spongia) vonlendenfeldi nom.nov. (= S. (S.) lignosa), Suberites austral nom.nov., Suberites dendyi nom.nov., Suberites simae nom.nov., and Timea levii nom.nov.
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Putra SA, Ambo-Rappe R, Jompa J, Voogd NJDE. Two centuries of sponges (phylum Porifera) taxonomic studies in Indonesia (1820-2021): checklist and bibliography. Zootaxa 2023; 5298:1-74. [PMID: 37518577 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5298.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Sponges in Indonesia have been studied since the 19th century during several historical expeditions and international collaborations. Hundreds of new species were reported from various locations, e.g., Ambon, Ternate, Sulawesi, Aru, and Kei Islands. This study aimed to create a sponge (Porifera: Calcarea, Demospongiae, Hexactinellida, and Homoscleromorpha) species checklist from Indonesia based on World Porifera Database. With a total of 731 species, our checklist comprises approximately 45 species of Calcarea, 566 species of Demospongiae, 115 species of Hexactinellida, and five species of Homoscleromorpha. The number of species are recorded from 12 marine ecoregions across the Indonesian Archipelago and freshwater habitats (Spongillida) between 1820-2021. The species composition indicates higher regional endemism or poorly studied since no other report after the original description. However, several marine ecoregions of Indonesia remain highly overlooked (e.g., Northeast Sulawesi, Papua, Southern Java, Western Sumatra), including freshwater habitats. Therefore, a taxonomic biodiversity baseline study, particularly on Porifera, is necessary to better understand the aquatic and marine biodiversity in the Indonesia Archipelago.
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Affiliation(s)
- Singgih Afifa Putra
- Universitas Hasanuddin; Fakultas Ilmu Kelautan dan Perikanan; Program Doktor Ilmu Perikanan; Makassar 90245; Indonesia; Balai Pengembangan Penjaminan Mutu Pendidikan Vokasi Bidang Kelautan Perikanan Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi (BPPMPV KPTK); Departemen Kelautan/Laboratorium Hasil Laut; Gowa 92172; Indonesia; Lestari Alam Laut Untuk Negeri (LATUN); Bengkulu 38116; Indonesia.
| | - Rohani Ambo-Rappe
- Universitas Hasanuddin; Fakultas Ilmu Kelautan dan Perikanan; Program Studi Ilmu Kelautan; Makassar 90245; Indonesia.
| | - Jamaluddin Jompa
- Universitas Hasanuddin; Fakultas Ilmu Kelautan dan Perikanan; Program Studi Ilmu Kelautan; Makassar 90245; Indonesia.
| | - Nicole J DE Voogd
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center; Marine Biodiversity; 2333 CR Leiden; The Netherlands; Leiden University; Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML); Department of Environmental Biology; 2333 CC Leiden; The Netherlands.
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5
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Dohrmann M, Reiswig HM, Kelly M, Mills S, Schätzle S, Reverter M, Niesse N, Rohde S, Schupp P, Wörheide G. Expanded sampling of New Zealand glass sponges (Porifera: Hexactinellida) provides new insights into biodiversity, chemodiversity, and phylogeny of the class. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15017. [PMID: 37131989 PMCID: PMC10149058 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glass sponges (Hexactinellida) constitute important parts of ecosystems on the deep-sea floor worldwide. However, they are still an understudied group in terms of their diversity and systematics. Here, we report on new specimens collected during RV Sonne expedition SO254 to the New Zealand region, which has recently emerged as a biodiversity hotspot for hexactinellids. Examination of the material revealed several species new to science or so far unknown from this area. While formal taxonomic descriptions of a fraction of these were published earlier, we here briefly report on the morphology of the remaining new species and use the collection to greatly expand the molecular phylogeny of the group as established with ribosomal DNA and cytochrome oxidase subunit I markers. In addition, we provide a chemical fingerprinting analysis on a subset of the specimens to investigate if the metabolome of glass sponges contains phylogenetic signal that could be used to supplement morphological and DNA-based approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Dohrmann
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology & Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Henry M. Reiswig
- Biology Department, Natural History Section, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michelle Kelly
- Coasts and Oceans National Centre, National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sadie Mills
- Invertebrate Collection, National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Simone Schätzle
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology & Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Miriam Reverter
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Natascha Niesse
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Sven Rohde
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Peter Schupp
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Gert Wörheide
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology & Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie, Staatliche Naturwissenschaftliche Sammlungen Bayerns (SNSB), Munich, Germany
- GeoBio-CenterLMU, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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6
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Łukowiak M, Van Soest R, Klautau M, Pérez T, Pisera A, Tabachnick K. The terminology of sponge spicules. J Morphol 2022; 283:1517-1545. [PMID: 36208470 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Sponges (Porifera) are a diverse and globally distributed clade of benthic organisms, with an evolutionary history reaching at least the Ediacaran-Cambrian (541 Ma) boundary interval. Throughout their research history, sponges have been subjects of intense studies in many fields, including paleontology, evolutionary biology, and even bioengineering and pharmacology. The skeletons of sponges are mostly characterized by the presence of mineral elements termed spicules, which structurally support the sponge bodies, though they also minimize the metabolic cost of water exchange and deter predators. The description of the spicules' shape and the skeleton organization represents the fundamental basis of sponge taxonomy and systematics. Here, we provide an illustrated catalogue of sponge spicules, which is based on previous works on sponge spicules, for example, and gathers and updates all terms that are currently used in sponge descriptions. Each spicule type is further illustrated through high quality scanning electron microscope micrographs. It is expected to be a valuable source that will facilitate spicule identification and, in certain cases, also enable sponge classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Łukowiak
- Department of Environmental Paleobiology, Institute of Paleobiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Rob Van Soest
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Dept. Marine Biodiversity, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Michelle Klautau
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thierry Pérez
- IMBE, Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Univ, CNRS, IRD, Station Marine d'Endoume, Marseille, France
| | - Andrzej Pisera
- Department of Environmental Paleobiology, Institute of Paleobiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Konstantin Tabachnick
- Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Academy of Sciences of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation
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7
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Penick CA, Cope G, Morankar S, Mistry Y, Grishin A, Chawla N, Bhate D. The Comparative approach to bio-inspired design: integrating biodiversity and biologists into the design process. Integr Comp Biol 2022; 62:icac097. [PMID: 35767863 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icac097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Biodiversity provides a massive library of ideas for bio-inspired design, but the sheer number of species to consider can be daunting. Current approaches for sifting through biodiversity to identify relevant biological models include searching for champion adapters that are particularly adept at solving a particular design challenge. While the champion adapter approach has benefits, it tends to focus on a narrow set of popular models while neglecting the majority of species. An alternative approach to bio-inspired design is the comparative method, which leverages biodiversity by drawing inspiration across a broad range of species. This approach uses methods in phylogenetics to map traits across evolutionary trees and compare trait variation to infer structure-function relationships. Although comparative methods have not been widely used in bio-inspired design, they have led to breakthroughs in studies on gecko-inspired adhesives and multifunctionality of butterfly wing scales. Here we outline how comparative methods can be used to complement existing approaches to bioinspired design, and we provide an example focused on bio-inspired lattices, including honeycomb and glass sponges. We demonstrate how comparative methods can lead to breakthroughs in bio-inspired applications as well as answer major questions in biology, which can strengthen collaborations with biologists and produce deeper insights into biological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clint A Penick
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, 30144USA
| | - Grace Cope
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, 30144USA
| | - Swapnil Morankar
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Yash Mistry
- 3DX Research Group, Arizona State University, Mesa, AZ 85212, USA
| | - Alex Grishin
- Phoenix Analysis & Design Technologies, Inc., Tempe, AZ 85284, USA
| | - Nikhilesh Chawla
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Dhruv Bhate
- 3DX Research Group, Arizona State University, Mesa, AZ 85212, USA
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Good Practices in Sponge Natural Product Studies: Revising Vouchers with Isomalabaricane Triterpenes. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20030190. [PMID: 35323489 PMCID: PMC8955210 DOI: 10.3390/md20030190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Species misidentification in the field of natural products is an acknowledged problem. These errors are especially widespread in sponge studies, albeit rarely assessed and documented. As a case study, we aim to revisit reports of isomalabaricane triterpenes, isolated from four demosponge genera: Jaspis, Geodia, Stelletta and Rhabdastrella. From a total of 44 articles (1981–2022), 27 unique vouchers were listed, 21 of which were accessed and re-examined here: 11 (52.4%) of these were misidentified. Overall, 65.9% of the studies published an incorrect species name: previously identified Jaspis and Stelletta species were all in fact Rhabdastrella globostellata. We conclude that isomalabaricane triterpenes were isolated from only two Rhabdastrella species and possibly one Geodia species. In addition to shedding a new light on the distribution of isomalabaricane triterpenes, this study is an opportunity to highlight the crucial importance of vouchers in natural product studies. Doing so, we discuss the impact of species misidentification and poor accessibility of vouchers in the field of sponge natural products. We advocate for stricter voucher guidelines in natural product journals and propose a common protocol of good practice, in the hope of reducing misidentifications in sponge studies, ensure reproducibility of studies, and facilitate follow-up work on the original material.
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Reiswig HM, Dohrmann M, Kelly M, Mills S, Schupp PJ, Wörheide G. Rossellid glass sponges (Porifera, Hexactinellida) from New Zealand waters, with description of one new genus and six new species. Zookeys 2021; 1060:33-84. [PMID: 34616203 PMCID: PMC8463523 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1060.63307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
New Zealand's surrounding deep waters have become known as a diversity hotspot for glass sponges (Porifera: Hexactinellida) in recent years, and description and collection efforts are continuing. Here we report on eight rossellids (Hexasterophora: Lyssacinosida: Rossellidae) collected during the 2017 RV Sonne cruise SO254 by ROV Kiel 6000 as part of Project PoribacNewZ of the University of Oldenburg, Germany. The material includes six species new to science, two of which are assigned to a so far undescribed genus; we further re-describe two previously known species. The known extant rossellid diversity from the New Zealand region is thus almost doubled, from nine species in five genera to 17 species in eight genera. The specimens described here are only a small fraction of hexactinellids collected on cruise SO254. Unfortunately, the first author passed away while working on this collection, only being able to complete the nine descriptions reported here. The paper concludes with an obituary to him, the world-leading expert on glass sponge taxonomy who will be greatly missed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry M. Reiswig
- Biology Department, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Martin Dohrmann
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology and Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Michelle Kelly
- Coasts and Oceans National Centre, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sadie Mills
- NIWA Invertebrate Collection, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Peter J. Schupp
- ICBM Terramare, University of Oldenburg, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Gert Wörheide
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology and Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
- SNSB – Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie, München, Germany
- GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany
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10
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Plese B, Kenny NJ, Rossi ME, Cárdenas P, Schuster A, Taboada S, Koutsouveli V, Riesgo A. Mitochondrial evolution in the Demospongiae (Porifera): Phylogeny, divergence time, and genome biology. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2020; 155:107011. [PMID: 33217579 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2020.107011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The sponge class Demospongiae is the most speciose and morphologically diverse in the phylum Porifera, and the species within it are vital components of a range of ecosystems worldwide. Despite their ubiquity, a number of recalcitrant problems still remain to be solved regarding their phylogenetic inter-relationships, the timing of their appearance, and their mitochondrial biology, the latter of which is only beginning to be investigated. Here we generated 14 new demosponge mitochondrial genomes which, alongside previously published mitochondrial resources, were used to address these issues. In addition to phylogenomic analysis, we have used syntenic data and analysis of coding regions to forge a framework for understanding the inter-relationships between Demospongiae sub-classes and orders. We have also leveraged our new resources to study the mitochondrial biology of these clades in terms of codon usage, optimisation and gene expression, to understand how these vital cellular components may have contributed to the success of the Porifera. Our results strongly support a sister relationship between Keratosa and (Verongimorpha + Heteroscleromorpha), contradicting previous studies using nuclear markers. Our study includes one species of Clionaida, and show for the first time support for a grouping of Suberitida+(Clionaida+(Tethyida + Poecilosclerida). The findings of our phylogenetic analyses are supported by in-depth examination of structural and coding-level evidence from our mitochondrial data. A time-calibrated phylogeny estimated the origin of Demospongiae in the Cambrian (~529 Mya), and suggests that most demosponge order crown-groups emerged in the Mesozoic. This work therefore provides a robust basis for considering demosponge phylogenetic relationships, as well as essential mitochondrial data for understanding the biological basis for their success and diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Plese
- Life Sciences Department, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom.
| | - Nathan James Kenny
- Life Sciences Department, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom; Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington Rd, Oxford OX3 0BP, United Kingdom(2).
| | - Maria Eleonora Rossi
- Life Sciences Department, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom; School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Science Building, 24 Tyndall Ave, Bristol BS8 1TH, United Kingdom.
| | - Paco Cárdenas
- Pharmacognosy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, Uppsala 751 23, Sweden.
| | - Astrid Schuster
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, Odense M 5230, Denmark; CIIMAR Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Sergi Taboada
- Life Sciences Department, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom; Department of Life Sciences, Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, C/ José Antonio Novais, 12, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Vasiliki Koutsouveli
- Life Sciences Department, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom; Pharmacognosy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, Uppsala 751 23, Sweden.
| | - Ana Riesgo
- Life Sciences Department, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom; Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales de Madrid (CSIC), c/ José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
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Castello-Branco C, Collins AG, Hajdu E. A collection of hexactinellids (Porifera) from the deep South Atlantic and North Pacific: new genus, new species and new records. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9431. [PMID: 32714660 PMCID: PMC7354842 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This article describes or redescribes four hexactinellid sponges, namely Poliopogon amadou, Euplectella sanctipauli sp. nov., Bolosoma perezi sp. nov. and Advhena magnifica gen. et sp. nov. P. amadou, E. sanctipauli sp. nov. and B. perezi sp. nov. represent new findings for the South Atlantic deep-sea fauna, including the first record of Bolosoma for this ocean. Advhena magnifica gen. et sp. nov., on the other hand, was collected by NOAA oceanographic expeditions in the North Pacific (Pigafetta Guyot).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Castello-Branco
- National Museum of Natural History & National Systematics Laboratory of NOAA Fisheries Service, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA.,Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Allen G Collins
- National Museum of Natural History & National Systematics Laboratory of NOAA Fisheries Service, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA
| | - Eduardo Hajdu
- Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Li L, Guo C, Chen Y, Chen Y. Optimization design of lightweight structure inspired by glass sponges (Porifera, Hexacinellida) and its mechanical properties. BIOINSPIRATION & BIOMIMETICS 2020; 15:036006. [PMID: 31945752 DOI: 10.1088/1748-3190/ab6ca9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The glass sponge is a porous lightweight structure in the deep sea. It has high toughness, high strength, and high stability. In this work, a super-depth-of-field microscope was employed to observe the microstructure of the glass sponge. Based on its morphological characteristics, two novel bio-inspired lightweight structures were proposed, and the finite-element analyses (FEA) of the structures were carried out under compression, torsion, and bending loads, respectively. The structure samples were fabricated using stereolithography 3D-printing technology, and the dimension sizes of the samples were equal to those of the corresponding FEA models. Mechanical tests were performed on an electronic universal testing machine, and the results were used to demonstrate the reliability of the FEA. Additionally, lightweight numbers (LWN) were proposed to evaluate the lightweight efficiency, and a honeycomb structure was selected as the reference structure. The results indicate that the lightweight numbers of the novel bio-inspired structures are higher than those of the honeycomb structure, respectively. Finally, the proposed structures were optimized by the response surface, BP (Back Propagation) and GA-BP (Genetic Algorithm optimized Back Propagation) method. The results show that the GA-BP model after training has a high accuracy. These results can provide significant guidance for the design of tube-shaped, thin-walled structures in the engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longhai Li
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 29 Yudao Street, Nanjing 210016, People's Republic of China. Institute of Bio-inspired Structure and Surface Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 29 Yudao Street, Nanjing 210016, People's Republic of China
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Alvizu A, Eilertsen MH, Xavier JR, Rapp HT. Increased taxon sampling provides new insights into the phylogeny and evolution of the subclass Calcaronea (Porifera, Calcarea). ORG DIVERS EVOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-018-0368-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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