1
|
Kariithi HM, Volkening JD, Chiwanga GH, Goraichuk IV, Msoffe PLM, Suarez DL. Molecular Characterization of Complete Genome Sequence of an Avian Coronavirus Identified in a Backyard Chicken from Tanzania. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1852. [PMID: 37895200 PMCID: PMC10606662 DOI: 10.3390/genes14101852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A complete genome sequence of an avian coronavirus (AvCoV; 27,663 bp excluding 3' poly(A) tail) was determined using nontargeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) of an oropharyngeal swab from a backyard chicken in a live bird market in Arusha, Tanzania. The open reading frames (ORFs) of the Tanzanian strain TZ/CA127/19 are organized as typical of gammaCoVs (Coronaviridae family): 5'UTR-[ORFs 1a/1b encoding replicase complex (Rep1ab) non-structural peptides nsp2-16]-[spike (S) protein]-[ORFs 3a/3b]-[small envelop (E) protein]-[membrane (M) protein]-[ORFs 4a/4c]-[ORFs 5a/5b]-[nucleocapsid (N) protein]-[ORF6b]-3'UTR. The structural (S, E, M and N) and Rep1ab proteins of TZ/CA127/19 contain features typically conserved in AvCoVs, including the cleavage sites and functional motifs in Rep1ab and S. Its genome backbone (non-spike region) is closest to Asian GI-7 and GI-19 infectious bronchitis viruses (IBVs) with 87.2-89.7% nucleotide (nt) identities, but it has a S gene closest (98.9% nt identity) to the recombinant strain ck/CN/ahysx-1/16. Its 3a, 3b E and 4c sequences are closest to the duck CoV strain DK/GD/27/14 at 99.43%, 100%, 99.65% and 99.38% nt identities, respectively. Whereas its S gene phylogenetically cluster with North American TCoVs and French guineafowl COVs, all other viral genes group monophyletically with Eurasian GI-7/GI-19 IBVs and Chinese recombinant AvCoVs. Detection of a 4445 nt-long recombinant fragment with breakpoints at positions 19,961 and 24,405 (C- and N-terminus of nsp16 and E, respectively) strongly suggested that TZ/CA127/19 acquired its genome backbone from an LX4-type (GI-19) field strain via recombination with an unknown AvCoV. This is the first report of AvCoV in Tanzania and leaves unanswered the questions of its emergence and the biological significance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henry M. Kariithi
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Athens, GA 30605, USA
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, P.O. Box 57811, Nairobi 00200, Kenya
| | | | - Gaspar H. Chiwanga
- Tanzania Veterinary Laboratory Agency, South Zone, Mtwara P.O. Box 186, Tanzania
| | - Iryna V. Goraichuk
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Athens, GA 30605, USA
- National Scientific Center Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, 61023 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Peter L. M. Msoffe
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro P.O. Box 3021, Tanzania
- National Ranching Company Ltd., Dodoma P.O. Box 1819, Tanzania
| | - David L. Suarez
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Athens, GA 30605, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhao J, Zhao Y, Zhang G. Key Aspects of Coronavirus Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12050698. [PMID: 37242368 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12050698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is an enveloped and positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus. IBV was the first coronavirus to be discovered and predominantly causes respiratory disease in commercial poultry worldwide. This review summarizes several important aspects of IBV, including epidemiology, genetic diversity, antigenic diversity, and multiple system disease caused by IBV as well as vaccination and antiviral strategies. Understanding these areas will provide insight into the mechanism of pathogenicity and immunoprotection of IBV and may improve prevention and control strategies for the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guozhong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Complete Genome Sequences of Infectious Bronchitis Virus Genotype JP-II (GI-7) and JP-III (GI-19) Strains Isolated in Japan. Microbiol Resour Announc 2023; 12:e0067022. [PMID: 36598259 PMCID: PMC9872593 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00670-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the complete genome sequences of strains JP/Yamanashi/93 and JP/Shimane/98, which are classified in JP-II (GI-7) and JP-III (GI-19), respectively, the major genotypes of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) in Japan. This information will be useful for the in-depth understanding of the evolution of IBV in Japan.
Collapse
|
4
|
Ramirez-Nieto G, Mir D, Almansa-Villa D, Cordoba-Argotti G, Beltran-Leon M, Rodriguez-Osorio N, Garai J, Zabaleta J, Gomez AP. New Insights into Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus in Colombia from Whole-Genome Analysis. Viruses 2022; 14:2562. [PMID: 36423171 PMCID: PMC9694374 DOI: 10.3390/v14112562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious Bronchitis (IB) is a respiratory disease caused by a highly variable Gammacoronavirus, which generates a negative impact on poultry health worldwide. GI-11 and GI-16 lineages have been identified in South America based on Infectious Bronchitis virus (IBV) partial S1 sequences. However, full genome sequence information is limited. In this study we report, for the first time, the whole-genome sequence of IBV from Colombia. Seven IBV isolates obtained during 2012 and 2013 from farms with respiratory disease compatible with IB were selected and the complete genome sequence was obtained by NGS. According to S1 sequence phylogenetic analysis, six isolates belong to lineage GI-1 and one to lineage GVI-1. When whole genome was analyzed, five isolates were related to the vaccine strain Ma5 2016 and two showed mosaic genomes. Results from complete S1 sequence analysis provides further support for the hypothesis that GVI-1, considered a geographically confined lineage in Asia, could have originated in Colombia. Complete genome information reported in this research allow a deeper understanding of the phylogenetic evolution of variants and the recombination events between strains that are circulating worldwide, contributing to the knowledge of coronavirus in Latin America and the world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Ramirez-Nieto
- Grupo de Investigación en Microbiología y Epidemiología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
| | - Daiana Mir
- Unidad de Genómica y Bioinformática, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Centro Universitario Regional Litoral Norte, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Salto 50000, Uruguay
| | - Diego Almansa-Villa
- Grupo de Investigación en Microbiología y Epidemiología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
| | - Geovanna Cordoba-Argotti
- Grupo de Investigación en Microbiología y Epidemiología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
| | - Magda Beltran-Leon
- Grupo de Investigación en Microbiología y Epidemiología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
| | - Nelida Rodriguez-Osorio
- Unidad de Genómica y Bioinformática, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Centro Universitario Regional Litoral Norte, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Salto 50000, Uruguay
| | - Jone Garai
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Jovanny Zabaleta
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Arlen P. Gomez
- Grupo de Investigación en Microbiología y Epidemiología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Complete Genome Sequences of Two JP-I (GI-18) Genotype Infectious Bronchitis Virus Strains Isolated from Chickens with Nephritis in Japan. Microbiol Resour Announc 2022; 11:e0015622. [PMID: 35735980 PMCID: PMC9302187 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00156-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the complete genome sequences of two strains of JP-1 genotype (GI-18) infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) isolated from the kidneys of dead chickens in Japan in 2000 and 2017. This information will help researchers better understand the evolution and epidemiology of IBV in Japan.
Collapse
|
6
|
Tang X, Qi J, Sun L, Zhao J, Zhang G, Zhao Y. Pathological effect of different avian infectious bronchitis virus strains on the bursa of Fabricius of chickens. Avian Pathol 2022; 51:339-348. [PMID: 35404721 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2022.2063710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis is an acute and highly contagious disease caused by avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). As well as the typical clinical respiratory symptoms, such as dyspnoea and tracheal rales, QX genotype strains can also cause damage to the urinary system and reproductive system. Our previous studies found that chickens infected with QX-type IBV also displayed damage to the bursa of Fabricius. To investigate the effects of different genotypes of IBV on the bursa of Fabricius, we challenged one-week-old SPF chickens with Mass, QX and TW genotype IBV strains and compared the clinical symptoms, gross lesions, histopathological damage, viral loads and expression levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, IL-1ß, IFN-α, ß, γ and TNF-α). The results showed that all three strains caused tissue damage, while significant temporal variations in the viral loads of the different infected groups were detected. IBV infection seriously interfered with the natural immune response mediated by inflammatory cytokines (IFN-α, IFN-ß, IL-6 and IFN-γ) in chickens. Our results suggested that IBV has potential immunological implications for chickens that may lead to poor production efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingyi Qi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guozhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang X, Guo M, Zhao J, Wu Y. Avian Infectious Bronchitis in China: Epidemiology, Vaccination, and Control. Avian Dis 2021; 65:652-656. [DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-21-00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengjiao Guo
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jia Zhao
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yantao Wu
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lv D, Dong ZH, Fan WS, Tang N, Wang L, Wei LP, Ji ZH, Tang JW, Lin LT, Wei TC, Huang T, Wei P, Mo ML. Identification of a novel avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus variant with three-nucleotide-deletion in nucleocapsid gene in China. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:1608-1619. [PMID: 34470981 PMCID: PMC8569871 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) variant, designated as GX-NN160421, was
isolated from vaccinated chicken in Guangxi, China, in 2016. Based on analysis of the S1
gene sequence, GX-NN160421 belonged to the New-type 1 (GVI-1) strain. More importantly,
three consecutive nucleotides (AAC) deletions were found in the highly conserved structure
gene N. The serotype of GX-NN160421 was different from those of the commonly used vaccine
strains. The mortality of the GX-NN160421 strain was 3.33%, which contrasted with 50%
mortality in the clinical case, but high levels of virus shedding lasted at least 21 days.
In conclusion, the first novel IBV variant with three-nucleotide-deletion in the N gene
was identified, and this unique variant is low virulent but with a long time of virus
shedding, indicating the continuing evolution of IBV and emphasizing the importance of
limiting exposure to novel IBV strains as well as extensive monitoring of new IBVs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Lv
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Dong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Wen-Sheng Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Ning Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Lu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Lan-Ping Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Jin-Wen Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Li-Ting Lin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Tian-Chao Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Teng Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Ping Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Mei-Lan Mo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Complete Genome Sequence of Infectious Bronchitis Virus Strain JP/KH/64, Isolated in Japan. Microbiol Resour Announc 2021; 10:e0066521. [PMID: 34617789 PMCID: PMC8496369 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00665-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we report the complete genome sequence of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) strain JP/KH/64, which is the reference strain for the JP-I genotype in Japan. This information should be useful for an in-depth understanding of the evolution of the JP-I genotype.
Collapse
|
10
|
Identification of Novel T-Cell Epitopes on Infectious Bronchitis Virus N Protein and Development of a Multi-epitope Vaccine. J Virol 2021; 95:e0066721. [PMID: 34105997 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00667-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular immune responses play a key role in the control of viral infection. The nucleocapsid (N) protein of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a major immunogenic protein that can induce protective immunity. To screen for potential T-cell epitopes on IBV N protein, 40 overlapping peptides covering the entirety of the N protein were designed and synthesized. Four T-cell epitope peptides were identified by gamma interferon (IFN-γ) enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISpot), intracellular cytokine staining, and carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE) lymphocyte proliferation assays; among them, three peptides (N211-230, N271-290, and N381-400) were cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes, and one peptide (N261-280) was a dual-specific T-cell epitope, which can be recognized by both CD8+ and CD4+ T cells. Multi-epitope gene transcription cassettes comprising four neutralizing epitope domains and four T-cell epitope peptides were synthesized and inserted into the genome of Newcastle disease virus strain La Sota between the P and M genes. Recombinant IBV multi-epitope vaccine candidate rLa Sota/SBNT was generated via reverse genetics, and its immune protection efficacy was evaluated in specific-pathogen-free chickens. Our results show that rLa Sota/SBNT induced IBV-specific neutralizing antibody and T-cell responses and provided significant protection against homologous and heterologous IBV challenge. Thus, the T-cell epitope peptides identified in this study could be good candidates for IBV vaccine development, and recombinant Newcastle disease virus-expressing IBV multi-epitope genes represent a safe and effective vaccine candidate for controlling infectious bronchitis. IMPORTANCE T-cell-mediated immune responses are critical for the elimination of IBV-infected cells. To screen conserved T-cell epitopes in the IBV N protein, 40 overlapping peptides covering the entirety of the N protein were designed and synthesized. By combining IFN-γ ELISpot, intracellular cytokine staining, and CFSE lymphocyte proliferation assays, we identified three CTL epitopes and one dual-specific T-cell epitope. The value of T-cell epitope peptides identified in the N protein was further verified by the design of an IBV multi-epitope vaccine. Results show that IBV multi-epitope vaccine candidate rLa Sota/SBNT provided cross protection against challenges with a QX-like or a TW-like IBV strain. So, T-cell-mediated immune responses play an important role in the control of viral infection, and conserved T-cell epitopes serve as promising candidates for use in multi-epitope vaccine construction. Our results provide a new perspective for the development of a safer and more effective IBV vaccine.
Collapse
|
11
|
Genetic and Pathogenic Characterization of QX(GI-19)-Recombinant Infectious Bronchitis Viruses in South Korea. Viruses 2021; 13:v13061163. [PMID: 34204473 PMCID: PMC8235318 DOI: 10.3390/v13061163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis viruses (IBVs) are evolving continuously via genetic drift and genetic recombination, making disease prevention and control difficult. In this study, we undertook genetic and pathogenic characterization of recombinant IBVs isolated from chickens in South Korea between 2003 and 2019. Phylogenetic analysis showed that 46 IBV isolates belonged to GI-19, which includes nephropathogenic IBVs. Ten isolates formed a new cluster, the genomic sequences of which were different from those of reference sequences. Recombination events in the S1 gene were identified, with putative parental strains identified as QX-like, KM91-like, and GI-15. Recombination detection methods identified three patterns (rGI-19-I, rGI-19-II, and rGI-19-III). To better understand the pathogenicity of recombinant IBVs, we compared the pathogenicity of GI-19 with that of the rGI-19s. The results suggest that rGI-19s may be more likely to cause trachea infections than GI-19, whereas rGI-19s were less pathogenic in the kidney. Additionally, the pathogenicity of rGI-19s varied according to the genotype of the major parent. These results indicate that genetic recombination between heterologous strains belonging to different genotypes has occurred, resulting in the emergence of new recombinant IBVs in South Korea.
Collapse
|
12
|
An attenuated TW-like infectious bronchitis virus strain has potential to become a candidate vaccine and S gene is responsible for its attenuation. Vet Microbiol 2021; 254:109014. [PMID: 33636510 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
TW-like infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) with high pathogenicity is becoming the predominant IBV type circulating in China. To develop vaccines against TW-like IBV strains and investigate the critical genes associated with their virulence, GD strain was attenuated by 140 serial passages in specific-pathogen-free embryonated eggs and the safety and efficacy of the attenuated GD strain (aGD) were examined. The genome sequences of GD and aGD were also compared and the effects of mutations in the S gene were observed. The results revealed that aGD strain showed no obvious pathogenicity with superior protective efficacy against TW-like and QX-like virulent IBV strains. The genomes of strains aGD and GD shared high similarity (99.87 %) and most of the mutations occurred in S gene. Recombinant IBV strain rGDaGD-S, in which the S gene was replaced with the corresponding regions from aGD, showed decreased pathogenicity compared with its parental strain. In conclusion, attenuated TW-like IBV strain aGD is a potential vaccine candidate and the S gene is responsible for its attenuation. Our research has laid the foundation for future exploration of the attenuating molecular mechanism of IBV.
Collapse
|
13
|
Sun X, Li L, Pan L, Wang Z, Chen H, Shao C, Yu J, Ren Y, Wang X, Huang X, Zhang R, Li G. Infectious bronchitis virus: Identification of Gallus gallus APN high-affinity ligands with antiviral effects. Antiviral Res 2020; 186:104998. [PMID: 33340637 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a coronavirus, causes infectious bronchitis (IB) with high morbidity and mortality, and gives rise to huge economic losses for the poultry industry. Aminopeptidase N (APN) may be one of the IBV functional receptors. In this study, Gallus gallus APN (gAPN) protein was screened by phage-displayed 12-mer peptide library. Two high-affinity peptides H (HDYLYYTFTGNP) and T (TKFSPPSFWYLH) to gAPN protein were selected for in depth characterization of their anti-IBV effects. In vitro, indirect ELISA showed that these two high-affinity ligands could bind IBV S1 antibodies. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) assay, virus yield reduction assay and indirect immunofluorescence assay results revealed 3.125-50 μg/ml of peptide H and 6.25-50 μg/ml of peptide T reduced IBV proliferation in chicken embryo kidney cells (CEKs). In vivo, high-affinity phage-vaccinated chickens were able to induce specific IBV S1 antibodies and IBV neutralizing antibodies. QRT-PCR results confirmed that high-affinity phages reduced virus proliferation in chicken tracheas, lungs and kidneys, and alleviated IBV-induced lesions. By multiple sequence alignment, motif 'YxYY' and 'FxPPxxWxLH' of high-affinity peptides were identified in IBV S1-NTD, while another motif 'YxFxGN' located in S2. These results indicated that high affinity peptides of gAPN could present an alternative approach to IB prevention or treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Lanlan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Long Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Huijie Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Changhao Shao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jia Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yudong Ren
- College of Electrical and Information Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xiurong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Xiaodan Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Ruili Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Guangxing Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hasan II, Rasheed ST, Jasim NA, Shakor MK. Pathological effect of infectious bronchitis disease virus on broiler chicken trachea and kidney tissues. Vet World 2020; 13:2203-2208. [PMID: 33281357 PMCID: PMC7704328 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.2203-2208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to investigate the pathological effects of the infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) on chicken trachea and kidney tissues and also desired to diagnose the virus genome using a molecular tool. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty trachea and kidney samples collected from one broiler farm contain 10,000 chickens at Tikrit city. The chickens showed signs of gasping and mortality (20%) at early ages (20 days old), the presence of IBV investigated using conventional reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction technique with routine histopathological study to tracheal and renal tissue. RESULTS Postmortem lesion showed severe respiratory inflammation with abscesses at tracheal bifurcation lead to airway blog. Molecular results showed two genotypes of IBV, one of them not included in primer designer research. The histological study showed different stages of inflammation, degeneration, and necrosis to the renal and tracheal tissues. CONCLUSION The respiratory and renal pathological effect of the virus responsible for the symptoms appeared on the affected chicks that caused mortality, with a high probability of presence of a new viral genotype added to the untranslated region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ismael I. Hasan
- Department of Pathology and Poultry Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tikrit, Tikrit, Iraq
| | - Saad T. Rasheed
- Department of Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tikrit, Tikrit, Iraq
| | - Nawar A. Jasim
- Department of Pathology and Poultry Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tikrit, Tikrit, Iraq
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang X, Liao K, Chen S, Yan K, Du X, Zhang C, Guo M, Wu Y. Evaluation of the reproductive system development and egg-laying performance of hens infected with TW I-type infectious bronchitis virus. Vet Res 2020; 51:95. [PMID: 32736651 PMCID: PMC7393890 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-020-00819-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of TW I-type infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) has been increasing rapidly, and it has become the second most common genotype of IBV in China threatening the poultry industry. In this study, 1-day-old specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens infected with TW I-type IBV were continuously observed for 200 days. TW I-type IBV affected the respiratory, urinary, and female reproductive systems, resulting in a mortality rate of 10% as well as a decrease in egg quantity and an increase in inferior eggs. During the monitoring period, serious lesions occurred in the female reproductive system, such as yolk peritonitis, a shortened oviduct, and cysts of different sizes with effusion in the degenerated right oviduct. The infective viruses persisted in vivo for a long time, and due to the stress of laying, virus shedding was detected again after the onset of egg production. Our findings suggest that TW I-type IBV is deadly to chickens and could cause permanent damage to the oviduct, resulting in the poor laying performance of female survivors and decreasing the breeding value and welfare of the infected flock.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Liao
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuqin Chen
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Yan
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xubin Du
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengjiao Guo
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yantao Wu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yan S, Zhao Y, Zhao J, Cheng J, Zhang G. Pathogenicity and genome changes in QX-like infectious bronchitis virus during continuous passaging in embryonated chicken eggs. Virus Res 2020; 281:197911. [PMID: 32142742 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.197911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis (IB) remains a major problem in the global poultry industry despite the many available vaccines. Live attenuated vaccines are the most effective means of preventing IB and are traditionally generated by serial passaging of a wild strain in embryonated chicken eggs. In this study, the SZ isolate of the QX-like infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) was continuously passaged in chicken embryos for 250 passages. We compared the pathogenicity of different passages (SZ50, SZ100, SZ150, SZ200 and SZ250) of strain SZ by clinical signs, gross lesions, viral load, tissue tropism, weight gain and tracheal ciliary activity. As the passaging increased in the chicken embryos, the strain lost its ability to infect many organs, and the viral pathogenicity gradually decreased. We also found 23 genomic variations of the QX-like strain SZ throughout the passaging process by further analyzing its complete genome sequence. This work offers valuable insight for IBV vaccine development and further research on the IBV attenuation mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shihong Yan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinlong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Guozhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yan S, Sun Y, Huang X, Jia W, Xie D, Zhang G. Molecular characteristics and pathogenicity analysis of QX-like avian infectious bronchitis virus isolated in China in 2017 and 2018. Poult Sci 2020; 98:5336-5341. [PMID: 31222258 PMCID: PMC7107289 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Proportions of QX-like genotype infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) isolates have increased over time. Here, to better understand the epidemiology and pathogenicity of IBV in China and control the spread of infectious bronchitis (IB), we conducted sequence analyses and examined the pathogenicity of 5 field isolates from diseased flocks in 2017 and 2018. Sequence analyses revealed that all the 5 strains, as well as many recent field isolates from other researchers, belonged to the QX-like IBV genotype, which were distantly related to commercial vaccine strains. Viral pathogenicity experiments showed that the isolates caused high morbidity and severe ciliostasis in chickens, although they caused milder lethality. This provides further evidence that QX-like IBV emergence remains a major problem in the poultry industry, and information on IBV epidemiology and pathogenicity may help to control IB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shihong Yan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yali Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuying Huang
- Beijing Huadu Yukou Poultry Company Limited, Beijing 101206, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenfeng Jia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Deqiong Xie
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Guozhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Li YT, Chen TC, Lin SY, Mase M, Murakami S, Horimoto T, Chen HW. Emerging lethal infectious bronchitis coronavirus variants with multiorgan tropism. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 67:884-893. [PMID: 31682070 PMCID: PMC7138078 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) causes respiratory diseases in chickens and poses an economic threat to the poultry industry worldwide. Despite vaccine use, there have been field outbreaks of IBV in Taiwan. This study aimed to characterize the emerging IBV variants circulating in Taiwan. The analysis of the structural protein genes showed that these variants emerged through frequent recombination events among Taiwan strains, China strains, Japan strains and vaccine strains. Cross‐neutralization tests revealed that two of the variants exhibited novel serotypes. Clinicopathological assessment showed that two of the variants caused high fatality rates of 67% and 20% in one‐day‐old SPF chicks, and all the variants possessed multiorgan tropisms, including trachea, proventriculus and urogenital tissues. Furthermore, the commercial live‐attenuated Mass‐type vaccine conferred poor protection against these variants. This study identified novel genotypes, serotypes and pathotypes of emerging IBV variants circulating in Taiwan. There is an urgent need for effective countermeasures against these variant strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Tsun Li
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Chih Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yi Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Masaji Mase
- Division of Viral Disease and Epidemiology, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shin Murakami
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taisuke Horimoto
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hui-Wen Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Fan W, Tang N, Dong Z, Chen J, Zhang W, Zhao C, He Y, Li M, Wu C, Wei T, Huang T, Mo M, Wei P. Genetic Analysis of Avian Coronavirus Infectious Bronchitis Virus in Yellow Chickens in Southern China over the Past Decade: Revealing the Changes of Genetic Diversity, Dominant Genotypes, and Selection Pressure. Viruses 2019; 11:v11100898. [PMID: 31561498 PMCID: PMC6833030 DOI: 10.3390/v11100898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The high mutation rates of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) pose economic threats to the poultry industry. In order to track the genetic evolutionary of IBV isolates circulating in yellow chickens, we continued to conduct the genetic analyses of the structural genes S1, E, M, and N from 64 IBV isolates in southern China during 2009–2017. The results showed that the dominant genotypes based on the four genes had changed when compared with those during 1985–2008. Based on the S1 gene phylogenetic tree, LX4-type (GI-19) was the most dominant genotype, which was different from that during 1985–2008. The second most dominant genotype was LDT3-A-type, but this genotype disappeared after 2012. New-type 1 (GVI-1) isolates showed increasing tendency and there were four aa (QKEP) located in the hypervariable region (HVR) III and one aa (S) insertion in all the New-type 1 isolates. Both the analyses of amino acid entropy and molecular evolutionary rate revealed that the variations from large to small were S1, E, M, and N. Purifying selection was detected in the S1, E, M, and N gene proteins, which was different from the positive selection during 1985–2008. Six isolates were confirmed to be recombinants, possibly generated from a vaccine virus of the 4/91-type or LDT3-A-type and a circulating virus. The estimated times for the most recent common ancestors based on the S1, E, M, and N genes were the years of 1744, 1893, 1940, and 1945, respectively. Bayesian skyline analysis revealed a sharp decrease in genetic diversity of all the four structural genes after 2010 and since late 2015, the viral population rapidly rose. In conclusion, the IBVs circulating in southern China over the past decade have experienced a remarkable change in genetic diversity, dominant genotypes, and selection pressure, indicating the importance of permanent monitoring of circulating strains and the urgency for developing new vaccines to counteract the emerging LX4-type and New-type IBVs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wensheng Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Ning Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Zhihua Dong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Jiming Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Wen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Changrun Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Yining He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Meng Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Cuilan Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Tianchao Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Teng Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Meilan Mo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Ping Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Avian infectious bronchitis (IB) is caused by avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) belonging to Coronaviridae family. The disease is prevalent in all countries with almost 100% incidence rate. Chicken and commercially reared pheasant are the natural host for IBV. Virus causes respiratory diseases, poor weight gain, feed efficiency in broiler, damage to oviduct, and abnormal egg production in mature hens resulting in economic losses. IBV also replicates in tracheal and renal epithelial cells leading to prominent tracheal and kidney lesions. Virus undergoes spontaneous mutation leading to continual emergence of new variants. The effectiveness of immunization program is diminished because of poor cross-protection among the serotypes. Identification of circulating serotypes is important in controlling IBV infection. Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and TLR21 are involved in early recognition of virus resulting in induction of inflammatory cytokines. Both humoral and cellular immune responses are important in the control of infection. Humoral immunity plays an important role in recovery and clearance of viral infection. IBV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes induce lysis of IBV-infected cells. Effective diagnostic tools are required at field level to identify different IBV variants. Embryonated chicken eggs are effective model for virus isolation. Identification by other specific methods like virus neutralization (VN), hemagglutination inhibition (HI), enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunohistochemistry, or nucleic acid analysis or by electron microscopy is also indispensable. VN test in tracheal organ culture is the best method for antigenic typing for surveillance purposes. Continuous epidemiological surveillance, strict biosecurity measures, and vaccine effective against various serotypes are necessary for controlling IB in chickens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yashpal Singh Malik
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (ICAR-IVRI), Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Raj Kumar Singh
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (ICAR-IVRI), Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Mahendra Pal Yadav
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (ICAR-IVRI), Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, India
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wibowo MH, Ginting TE, Asmara W. Molecular characterization of pathogenic 4/91-like and QX-like infectious bronchitis virus infecting commercial poultry farms in Indonesia. Vet World 2019; 12:277-287. [PMID: 31040571 PMCID: PMC6460877 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.277-287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Existing data on the characteristics of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) gathered throughout Indonesia have been recognized to indicate variants similar to globally distributed vaccine strains. Despite past and current intensive vaccination programs, IBV infections in the country's poultry industry have not been effectively controlled. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the genotype of several isolates based on partial S1 gene sequences. In particular, the investigation is directed to focus on layer chickens in actively vaccinated farms indicating IBV symptoms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Samples were isolated from ten different layer chicken flocks experiencing respiratory problem, drops in egg production, and a "penguin-like" stance, which were collected from commercial poultry farms in Central Java and Yogyakarta regions, Indonesia, within the periods of 2012-2018. Fragment of the S1 gene of IBV sampled from actively vaccinated commercial poultry farms was amplified using primer 5'-aca tgg taa ttt ttc aga tgg-3' (forward) and 5'-cag att gct tac aac cac c-3' (reverse) with the length of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) product at 383 bp. The sequence of samples was then compared with the sequence of reference S1 gene nucleotides of IBV from NCBI GenBank database. The amino acid analysis and multiple alignment sequence were conducted using Mega X. RESULTS During necropsy, enlargement of the oviduct and swollen kidney were observed. Reverse transcription-PCR diagnosis of their 383 bp S1 gene showed that all samples were IBV positive. Phylogenetic analysis of the S1 gene discovered seven samples to be clustered as 4/91-like strains. Meanwhile, the remaining three samples were grouped in QX-like strain cluster. CONCLUSION This study is a pioneering report providing molecular evidence of pathogenic QX-like and 4/91-like strains circulating in Indonesia. Findings discovered, in this study, strongly suggested the importance of improving protections by available IBV vaccines through updated circulating strain clusters. It is critical to ensure the delivery of an effective control measurement of and vaccination protocols against IBV infections in the country's commercial poultry industry in particular and worldwide in general.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael H. Wibowo
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (FKH), Gadjah Mada University (UGM), Jl. Fauna No. 2, Karangmalang, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Teridah E. Ginting
- Division of Immunology, Mochtar Riady Institute for Nanotechnology and Medical Science Group, University of Pelita Harapan. Jl. Boulevard Jend. Sudirman 1688, Lippo Karawaci, Tangerang, Banten 15811, Indonesia
| | - Widya Asmara
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (FKH), Gadjah Mada University (UGM), Jl. Fauna No. 2, Karangmalang, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lounas A, Oumouna-Benachour K, Medkour H, Oumouna M. The first evidence of a new genotype of nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus circulating in vaccinated and unvaccinated broiler flocks in Algeria. Vet World 2018; 11:1630-1636. [PMID: 30587900 PMCID: PMC6303496 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.1630-1636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) frequently infects broilers and is responsible for severe economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. It has also been associated with kidney damage in the broiler flocks. The aim of the present study is to determine the presence of IBV and its possible involvement in kidney damage of broiler chicks. Materials and Methods 14 clinically diseased broiler flocks from Western and Central Algeria were sampled and analyzed by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) followed by phylogenic analysis. Results The QX (100%) and 4/91 (60%) IBV serotypes were the most prevalent in the kidney damaged broilers regardless of vaccination status. The molecular detection of avian IBV by RT-PCR identified six samples as positive, of which only two isolates were typable by sequencing. We identified a novel IBDZ13a genotype which showed 93% sequence homology to the partial-S1 gene sequence of the IB 4/91 commercial vaccine strain. Sequencing analysis characterized this virus as a novel and divergent IB 4/91 field virus with eight amino acid substitutions that might have resulted in altered immunogenicity. Conclusion The isolation of a new IBV strain (IBDZ13a) from vaccinated broiler flocks may explain the failure of the vaccination programs against IBV field strains. Combination of the HI test and RT-PCR indicated that the nephropathogenic IB outbreaks in broilers are related to this novel strain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Lounas
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Veterinary Sciences Institute, University of Blida, Algeria
| | - K Oumouna-Benachour
- Department of natural sciences and life, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University Yahia Fares of Medea, Algeria
| | - H Medkour
- Microbes, Evolution, Phylogeny and Infection, UMR Aix-Marseille University, IRD, APHM, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - M Oumouna
- Department of natural sciences and life, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University Yahia Fares of Medea, Algeria
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Pathogenicity differences between a newly emerged TW-like strain and a prevalent QX-like strain of infectious bronchitis virus. Vet Microbiol 2018; 227:20-28. [PMID: 30473347 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
TW-like IBV isolates have appeared frequently in recent years in mainland China. In this study, we compared the TW-like IBV GD strain and the predominant QX-like SD strain in terms of serology and pathogenicity to 3-week-old specific-pathogen-free chickens. Both strains could cause severe respiratory distress and renal lesions, with a mortality rate were approximately 20%. Virus were continuously shed via the respiratory tract and cloaca. However, the infection pattern of the two isolates were different. The GD strain persisted for a longer duration and caused extensive damages to the tracheas and lungs. Moreover, chickens infected with the GD strain showed inefficient recovery of damaged cilia after infection. Our findings suggested that the newly emerged TW-like IBV GD strain showed obvious differences in pathogenicity, tissue tropism and replication efficiency compared with the QX-like IBV SD strain, with the TW-like GD strain showing stronger tropism to the respiratory tract and a longer duration of clinical signs.
Collapse
|
24
|
Infectious Bronchitis Virus Variants: Molecular Analysis and Pathogenicity Investigation. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102030. [PMID: 28937583 PMCID: PMC5666712 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) variants constantly emerge and pose economic threats to poultry farms worldwide. Numerous studies on the molecular and pathogenic characterization of IBV variants have been performed between 2007 and 2017, which we have reviewed herein. We noted that viral genetic mutations and recombination events commonly gave rise to distinct IBV genotypes, serotypes and pathotypes. In addition to characterizing the S1 genes, full viral genomic sequencing, comprehensive antigenicity, and pathogenicity studies on emerging variants have advanced our understanding of IBV infections, which is valuable for developing countermeasures against IBV field outbreaks. This review of IBV variants provides practical value for understanding their phylogenetic relationships and epidemiology from both regional and worldwide viewpoints.
Collapse
|
25
|
Lisowska A, Sajewicz-Krukowska J, Fusaro A, Pikula A, Domanska-Blicharz K. First characterization of a Middle-East GI-23 lineage (Var2-like) of infectious bronchitis virus in Europe. Virus Res 2017; 242:43-48. [PMID: 28923510 PMCID: PMC7114549 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Variants assigned to GI-23 lineage of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), formerly called Var2, have circulated for nearly 20 years only in countries of the Middle East. Strains of this lineage were first identified in Israel in 1998. More severe form of the virus appeared in 2006, when the second wave of Var2 epidemic has spread over the Middle East region. The present study describes the detection and detailed genetic characterization of the GI-23 viruses in Poland. The full-length genome of gammaCoV/Ck/Poland/G052/2016 strain consists of 27596 nucleotides and has typical organization for IBV (UTR5'-POl-S-3a-3b-E-M-4b-4c-5a-5b-N-UTR3'). The phylogenetic analysis of the complete sequence showed that it formed separate branch distinct from all of the full-length genome sequences analyzed in this study. Recombination analyses with other gammacoronaviruses revealed that Polish GI-23 strain may originate from recombination events and potential donors of build-in sequences are IBV of GI-1, GI-13 and G-19 lineages (Mass-, 793B- and QX-like strains, respectively). The 1a, 1b and N genes were involved in these recombination events. The source of virus introduction to the chicken population in Poland is unknown.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lisowska
- Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland
| | | | - Alice Fusaro
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Pikula
- Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Marandino A, Tomás G, Panzera Y, Greif G, Parodi-Talice A, Hernández M, Techera C, Hernández D, Pérez R. Whole-genome characterization of Uruguayan strains of avian infectious bronchitis virus reveals extensive recombination between the two major South American lineages. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2017; 54:245-250. [PMID: 28705717 PMCID: PMC7106025 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis virus (Gammacoronavirus, Coronaviridae) is a genetically variable RNA virus that causes one of the most persistent respiratory diseases in poultry. The virus is classified in genotypes and lineages with different epidemiological relevance. Two lineages of the GI genotype (11 and 16) have been widely circulating for decades in South America. GI-11 is an exclusive South American lineage while the GI-16 lineage is distributed in Asia, Europe and South America. Here, we obtained the whole genome of two Uruguayan strains of the GI-11 and GI-16 lineages using Illumina high-throughput sequencing. The strains here sequenced are the first obtained in South America for the infectious bronchitis virus and provide new insights into the origin, spreading and evolution of viral variants. The complete genome of the GI-11 and GI-16 strains have 27,621 and 27,638 nucleotides, respectively, and possess the same genomic organization. Phylogenetic incongruence analysis reveals that both strains have a mosaic genome that arose by recombination between Euro Asiatic strains of the GI-16 lineage and ancestral South American GI-11 viruses. The recombination occurred in South America and produced two viral variants that have retained the full-length S1 sequences of the parental lineages but are extremely similar in the rest of their genomes. These recombinant virus have been extraordinary successful, persisting in the continent for several years with a notorious wide geographic distribution. Our findings reveal a singular viral dynamics and emphasize the importance of complete genomic characterization to understand the emergence and evolutionary history of viral variants. Genomic analysis was performed in two main lineages of Infectious bronchitis virus. Lineages differ in their S1 sequences but are similar in the rest of the genome. Genomic similarity between both lineages arise by inter-lineage recombination. Inter-lineage recombination occurred in South America between European/Asiatic and local strain. Recombinant forms have persisted in the continent for several years with wide geographic distribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Marandino
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gonzalo Tomás
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Yanina Panzera
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gonzalo Greif
- Unidad de Biología Molecular, Instituto Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Adriana Parodi-Talice
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Unidad de Biología Molecular, Instituto Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Martín Hernández
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Claudia Techera
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Diego Hernández
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ruben Pérez
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Yan S, Liu X, Zhao J, Xu G, Zhao Y, Zhang G. Analysis of antigenicity and pathogenicity reveals major differences among QX-like infectious bronchitis viruses and other serotypes. Vet Microbiol 2017; 203:167-173. [PMID: 28619139 PMCID: PMC7117262 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) causes considerable damage to the poultry industry worldwide and the proportion of QX-like genotype isolates have increased over time. Here, to better understand the antigenicity and pathogenicity of this genotype, we conducted sequence analyses, cross neutralization tests, and also examined the pathogenicity of two strains, SD and SZ. Sequence analyses revealed that SD and SZ isolates belong to the QX-like IBV genotype and share high homology in their full-length genomes. Cross neutralization tests showed high cross neutralization between SD and SZ, but distant relationships with other representative strains of the classical IBV serotypes. Virus infection experiments showed that SD caused high mortality with strong respiratory and renal pathogenicity in chickens, whereas SZ caused milder lesions by comparison. This study highlights the big discrepancy in antigenicity that exists between QX-like strains and other serotypes. Collectively, these findings provide important information about the epidemiology and pathogenicity of IBV, which may benefit the control of IB in the poultry industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shihong Yan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Guozhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhou H, Zhang M, Tian X, Shao H, Qian K, Ye J, Qin A. Identification of a novel recombinant virulent avian infectious bronchitis virus. Vet Microbiol 2017; 199:120-127. [PMID: 28110778 PMCID: PMC7117249 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A novel IBV variant CK/CH/2010/JT-1 was identified. A novel genotypic cluster IBV has emerged in China. Isolate CK/CH/2010/JT-1 originated from homologous RNA recombination. Isolate CK/CH/2010/JT-1 is highly virulent.
The emergence of new infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) variants is often disastrous in the poultry industry. In this study, an IBV, CK/CH/2010/JT-1, was isolated from an H120- and 4/91-IBV-vaccinated flock in China. Antisera against vaccine strains H120 and 4/91 could not provide effective protection against CK/CH/2010/JT-1 in virus neutralization assays. CK/CH/2010/JT-1 could cause 43.75% mortality with respiratory and severe renal lesions in inoculated chickens. Phylogenetic analysis of the S1 gene showed that CK/CH/2010/JT-1 and 31 other isolates could be grouped as a new genotypic cluster. Recombination analysis revealed that three recombination events could be found in the genome of CK/CH/2010/JT-1 at positions 24709-365, 17160-19811 and 21136-21770. Whole-genome sequence analysis showed that CK/CH/2010/JT-1 originated from multiple template switches among QX-like, CK/CH/LSC/99I-, tl/CH/LDT3/03- and 4/91-type IBVs. All of these data demonstrated that CK/CH/2010/JT-1 is a new recombinant genotype IBV with high virulence. Our findings suggest that the surveillance of new genotype strains of IBV is very important for developing more effective anti-IBV strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haisheng Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, No. 12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, PR China.
| | - Meihong Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, No. 12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, PR China.
| | - Xue Tian
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, No. 12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, PR China.
| | - Hongxia Shao
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, No. 12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis, Yangzhou 225009, PR China.
| | - Kun Qian
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, No. 12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis, Yangzhou 225009, PR China.
| | - Jianqiang Ye
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, No. 12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis, Yangzhou 225009, PR China.
| | - Aijian Qin
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, No. 12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis, Yangzhou 225009, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Identification of an infectious bronchitis coronavirus strain exhibiting a classical genotype but altered antigenicity, pathogenicity, and innate immunity profile. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37725. [PMID: 27876864 PMCID: PMC5120290 DOI: 10.1038/srep37725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) poses economic threat to the poultry industry worldwide. Pathogenic IBV 3575/08 was isolated from broilers vaccinated with the attenuated viral vaccine derived from a Taiwan strain 2575/98. In this study, extensive investigations were conducted on the genome sequences, antigenicity, pathogenicity, and host immune responses of several IBV strains in specific-pathogen-free chickens. Sequence analyses revealed that 3575/08 and 2575/98 shared high homology in their structural genes, but not in non-structural accessory proteins such as 3a, 3b and 5b. Despite a high degree of homology in their spike protein genes, cross neutralization test showed low cross protection between 3575/08 and 2575/98, suggesting distinct antigenicity for the two strains. Animal challenge experiments exhibited strong respiratory and renal pathogenicity for 3575/08. In addition, early and prolonged viral shedding and rapid viral dissemination were observed. Immune gene expression profiling by PCR array showed chickens infected with 3575/08 had delayed expression of a subset of early innate immune genes, whereas chickens infected with the wild-type or attenuated-type 2575/08 revealed quick gene induction and efficient virus control. In summary, this study reveals a new IBV strain, which harbors a known local genotype but displays remarkably altered antigenicity, pathogenicity and host defenses.
Collapse
|
30
|
Yan SH, Chen Y, Zhao J, Xu G, Zhao Y, Zhang GZ. Pathogenicity of a TW-Like Strain of Infectious Bronchitis Virus and Evaluation of the Protection Induced against It by a QX-Like Strain. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1653. [PMID: 27803698 PMCID: PMC5067408 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian infectious bronchitis, a highly contagious disease caused by avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), is of considerable economic importance to the poultry industry. New IBV TW-like strains have increasingly emerged in China in recent years; hence, evaluating their pathogenicity and developing a specific vaccine to guard against their potential threat to the poultry industry is important. Here, we examined the pathogenicity of a TW-like IBV strain (GD), and evaluated the protective efficacy of the QX-like strain (JS) against GD in challenge infections in chickens. The results revealed that strain-GD-infected birds experienced severe respiratory signs, renal lesions, and 30-40% mortality. The GD virus had extensive tissue tropism, especially in the trachea, lungs, kidneys, and bursa of Fabricius, and was continuously shed via the respiratory tract and cloaca. The QX-like IBV strain JS is able to completely protect chickens from challenge with the TW-like IBV GD field strain, with no clinical signs or gross lesions, decreased tissue replication rates, lower ciliostasis score, and reduced virus shedding. These findings indicate that IBV GD is highly virulent, and that QX-like JS may serve as an effective vaccine against the threat posed by IBV TW-like viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Hong Yan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University Beijing, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University Beijing, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University Beijing, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University Beijing, China
| | - Guo-Zhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Xia J, He X, Yao KC, Du LJ, Liu P, Yan QG, Wen YP, Cao SJ, Han XF, Huang Y. Phylogenetic and antigenic analysis of avian infectious bronchitis virus in southwestern China, 2012-2016. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2016; 45:11-19. [PMID: 27530216 PMCID: PMC7106097 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to decipher the molecular epidemiological and antigenic characteristics of infectious bronchitis virus strains (IBVs) isolated in recent years in southwestern China. A total of 24 field strains were isolated from diseased chickens between 2012 and 2016. Phylogenetic analysis based on S1 nucleotide sequences showed that 16 of the 24 isolates were clustered into four distinct genotypes: QX (37.5%), TW (16.7%, TWI and TWII), Mass (8.3%), and J2 (4.2%). The QX genotype was still the prevalent genotype in southwestern China. Recombination analysis of the S1 subunit gene showed that eight of the 24 field strains were recombinant variants that originated from field strains and vaccine strains. A new potential recombination hotspot [ATTTT(T/A)] was identified, implying that recombination events may become more and more common. The antigenicity of ten IBVs, including seven field strains and commonly used vaccine strains, were assayed with a viral cross-neutralization assay in chicken embryonated kidney cells (CEK). The results showed that the ten IBVs could be divided into four serotypes (Massachusetts, 793B, Sczy3, and SCYB). Sczy3 and 793B were the predominant serotypes. Six of the seven field isolates (all except for cK/CH/SCYB/140913) cross-reacted well with anti-sera against other field strains. In conclusion, the genetic and antigenic features of IBVs from southwestern China in recent years have changed when compared to the previous reports. The results could provide a reference for vaccine development and the prevention of infectious bronchitis in southwestern China. The QX genotype was still the prevalent genotype in southwestern China, 2012–2016. The Sczy3 and 793B were the predominant serotypes in analyzed IBVs. A new potential recombination hotspot [ATTTT(T/A)] in S1 gene was identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China.
| | - Xiao He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China.
| | - Ke-Chang Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China.
| | - Li-Jing Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China.
| | - Ping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China.
| | - Qi-Gui Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China.
| | - Yi-Ping Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China.
| | - San-Jie Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China.
| | - Xin-Feng Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China.
| | - Yong Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|