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Feracci M, Hernandez S, Garlatti L, Mondielli C, Vincentelli R, Canard B, Reguera J, Ferron F, Alvarez K. Biophysical and structural study of La Crosse virus endonuclease inhibition for the development of new antiviral options. IUCRJ 2024; 11:374-383. [PMID: 38656310 PMCID: PMC11067750 DOI: 10.1107/s205225252400304x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The large Bunyavirales order includes several families of viruses with a segmented ambisense (-) RNA genome and a cytoplasmic life cycle that starts by synthesizing viral mRNA. The initiation of transcription, which is common to all members, relies on an endonuclease activity that is responsible for cap-snatching. In La Crosse virus, an orthobunyavirus, it has previously been shown that the cap-snatching endonuclease resides in the N-terminal domain of the L protein. Orthobunyaviruses are transmitted by arthropods and cause diseases in cattle. However, California encephalitis virus, La Crosse virus and Jamestown Canyon virus are North American species that can cause encephalitis in humans. No vaccines or antiviral drugs are available. In this study, three known Influenza virus endonuclease inhibitors (DPBA, L-742,001 and baloxavir) were repurposed on the La Crosse virus endonuclease. Their inhibition was evaluated by fluorescence resonance energy transfer and their mode of binding was then assessed by differential scanning fluorimetry and microscale thermophoresis. Finally, two crystallographic structures were obtained in complex with L-742,001 and baloxavir, providing access to the structural determinants of inhibition and offering key information for the further development of Bunyavirales endonuclease inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Feracci
- Université Aix-Marseille, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB)–UMR7257 CNRS–Case 932, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille CEDEX 09, France
| | - Sergio Hernandez
- Université Aix-Marseille, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB)–UMR7257 CNRS–Case 932, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille CEDEX 09, France
- Université Lille; INSERM, UMR-S 1172, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition Research Centre, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Laura Garlatti
- Université Aix-Marseille, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB)–UMR7257 CNRS–Case 932, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille CEDEX 09, France
- OmegaChem, Lévis, 480 Rue Perreault, Québec G6W 7V6, Canada
| | - Clemence Mondielli
- Université Aix-Marseille, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB)–UMR7257 CNRS–Case 932, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille CEDEX 09, France
- Evotec (France) SAS, Campus Curie, 195 Route d’Espagne, 31036 Toulouse, France
| | - Renaud Vincentelli
- Université Aix-Marseille, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB)–UMR7257 CNRS–Case 932, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille CEDEX 09, France
| | - Bruno Canard
- Université Aix-Marseille, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB)–UMR7257 CNRS–Case 932, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille CEDEX 09, France
- European Virus Bioinformatics Center, Leutragraben 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Juan Reguera
- Université Aix-Marseille, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB)–UMR7257 CNRS–Case 932, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille CEDEX 09, France
| | - François Ferron
- Université Aix-Marseille, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB)–UMR7257 CNRS–Case 932, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille CEDEX 09, France
- European Virus Bioinformatics Center, Leutragraben 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Karine Alvarez
- Université Aix-Marseille, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB)–UMR7257 CNRS–Case 932, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille CEDEX 09, France
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Wilkman L, Ahlm C, Evander M, Lwande OW. Mosquito-borne viruses causing human disease in Fennoscandia—Past, current, and future perspectives. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1152070. [PMID: 37051217 PMCID: PMC10083265 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1152070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Five different mosquito-borne viruses (moboviruses) significant to human disease are known to be endemic to Fennoscandia (Sindbis virus, Inkoo virus, Tahyna virus, Chatanga virus, and Batai virus). However, the incidence of mosquito-borne virus infections in Fennoscandia is unknown, largely due to underdiagnosing and lack of surveillance efforts. The Fennoscandian moboviruses are difficult to prevent due to their method of transmission, and often difficult to diagnose due to a lack of clear case definition criteria. Thus, many cases are likely to be mis-diagnosed, or even not diagnosed at all. Significant long-term effects, often in the form of malaise, rashes, and arthralgia have been found for some of these infections. Research into mobovirus disease is ongoing, though mainly focused on a few pathogens, with many others neglected. With moboviruses found as far north as the 69th parallel, studying mosquito-borne disease occurring in the tropics is only a small part of the whole picture. This review is written with the objective of summarizing current medically relevant knowledge of moboviruses occurring in Fennoscandia, while highlighting what is yet unknown and possibly overlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Wilkman
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Clas Ahlm
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå, Västerbotten, Sweden
| | - Magnus Evander
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå, Västerbotten, Sweden
| | - Olivia Wesula Lwande
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå, Västerbotten, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Olivia Wesula Lwande,
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Shakya R, Tryland M, Vikse R, Romano JS, Åsbakk K, Nymo IH, Mehl R, Evander M, Ahlm C, Vapalahti O, Lwande OW, Putkuri N, Johansen W, Soleng A, Edgar KS, Andreassen ÅK. Inkoo and Sindbis viruses in blood sucking insects, and a serological study for Inkoo virus in semi-domesticated Eurasian tundra reindeer in Norway. Virol J 2022; 19:99. [PMID: 35659694 PMCID: PMC9166600 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-022-01815-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mosquito-borne viruses pose a serious threat to humans worldwide. There has been an upsurge in the number of mosquito-borne viruses in Europe, mostly belonging to the families Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus (Sindbis, Chikungunya), Flaviviridae (West Nile, Usutu, Dengue), and Peribunyaviridae, genus Orthobunyavirus, California serogroup (Inkoo, Batai, Tahyna). The principal focus of this study was Inkoo (INKV) and Sindbis (SINV) virus circulating in Norway, Sweden, Finland, and some parts of Russia. These viruses are associated with morbidity in humans. However, there is a knowledge gap regarding reservoirs and transmission. Therefore, we aimed to determine the prevalence of INKV and SINV in blood sucking insects and seroprevalence for INKV in semi-domesticated Eurasian tundra reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) in Norway. MATERIALS AND METHODS In total, 213 pools containing about 25 blood sucking insects (BSI) each and 480 reindeer sera were collected in eight Norwegian reindeer summer pasture districts during 2013-2015. The pools were analysed by RT-PCR to detect INKV and by RT-real-time PCR for SINV. Reindeer sera were analysed for INKV-specific IgG by an Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay (n = 480, IIFA) and a Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test (n = 60, PRNT). RESULTS Aedes spp. were the most dominant species among the collected BSI. Two of the pools were positive for INKV-RNA by RT-PCR and were confirmed by pyrosequencing. The overall estimated pool prevalence (EPP) of INKV in Norway was 0.04%. None of the analysed pools were positive for SINV. Overall IgG seroprevalence in reindeer was 62% positive for INKV by IIFA. Of the 60 reindeer sera- analysed by PRNT for INKV, 80% were confirmed positive, and there was no cross-reactivity with the closely related Tahyna virus (TAHV) and Snowshoe hare virus (SSHV). CONCLUSION The occurrence and prevalence of INKV in BSI and the high seroprevalence against the virus among semi-domesticated reindeer in Norway indicate that further studies are required for monitoring this virus. SINV was not detected in the BSI in this study, however, human cases of SINV infection are yearly reported from other regions such as Rjukan in south-central Norway. It is therefore essential to monitor both viruses in the human population. Our findings are important to raise awareness regarding the geographical distribution of these mosquito-borne viruses in Northern Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchika Shakya
- Virology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
- Division for Infection Control and Environmental Health, Department of Virology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Ecology, Agricultural Sciences and Biotechnology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Hamar, Norway
| | - Morten Tryland
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Applied Ecology, Agricultural Sciences and Biotechnology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Evenstad, Norway
| | - Rose Vikse
- Division for Infection Control and Environmental Health, Department of Virology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Javier Sánchez Romano
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kjetil Åsbakk
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ingebjørg H Nymo
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Section for Food Safety and Animal Health, The Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Reidar Mehl
- Section of Pest Control, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Magnus Evander
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Clas Ahlm
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Olli Vapalahti
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Niina Putkuri
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Wenche Johansen
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Ecology, Agricultural Sciences and Biotechnology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Hamar, Norway
| | - Arnulf Soleng
- Section of Pest Control, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristin S Edgar
- Section of Pest Control, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Åshild K Andreassen
- Division for Infection Control and Environmental Health, Department of Virology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Natural Sciences and Environmental Health, Faculty of Technology, Natural Sciences and Maritime Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway, Bø, Norway.
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Koltz AM, Culler LE. Biting insects in a rapidly changing Arctic. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 47:75-81. [PMID: 34004377 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Biting insects have a long-standing reputation for being an extreme presence in the Arctic, but it is unclear how they are responding to the rapid environmental changes currently taking place in the region. We review recent advances in our understanding of climate change responses by several key groups of biting insects, including mosquitoes, blackflies, and warble/botflies, and we highlight the significant knowledge gaps on this topic. We also discuss how changes in biting insect populations could impact humans and wildlife, including disease transmission and the disruption of culturally and economically important activities. Future work should integrate scientific with local and traditional ecological knowledge to better understand global change responses by biting insects in the Arctic and the associated consequences for the environmental security of Arctic communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Koltz
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; The Arctic Institute, Center for Circumpolar Security Studies, P.O. Box 21194, Washington, DC 20009, USA.
| | - Lauren E Culler
- Department of Environmental Studies, Dartmouth College, 6182 Steele Hall, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; Institute of Arctic Studies, Dickey Center for International Understanding, Dartmouth College, 6048 Haldeman Center, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
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Öhlund P, Hayer J, Lundén H, Hesson JC, Blomström AL. Viromics Reveal a Number of Novel RNA Viruses in Swedish Mosquitoes. Viruses 2019; 11:v11111027. [PMID: 31694175 PMCID: PMC6893623 DOI: 10.3390/v11111027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metagenomic studies of mosquitoes have revealed that their virome is far more diverse and includes many more viruses than just the pathogenic arboviruses vectored by mosquitoes. In this study, the virome of 953 female mosquitoes collected in the summer of 2017, representing six mosquito species from two geographic locations in Mid-Eastern Sweden, were characterized. In addition, the near-complete genome of nine RNA viruses were characterized and phylogenetically analysed. These viruses showed association to the viral orders Bunyavirales, Picornavirales, Articulavirales, and Tymovirales, and to the realm Ribovira. Hence, through this study, we expand the knowledge of the virome composition of different mosquito species in Sweden. In addition, by providing viral reference genomes from wider geographic regions and different mosquito species, future in silico recognition and assembly of viral genomes in metagenomic datasets will be facilitated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pontus Öhlund
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden; (H.L.); (A.-L.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-18-672-409
| | - Juliette Hayer
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SLU-Global Bioinformatics Centre, Box 7023, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Hanna Lundén
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden; (H.L.); (A.-L.B.)
| | - Jenny C. Hesson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology/Zoonosis Science Center, Uppsala University, Box 582, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Anne-Lie Blomström
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden; (H.L.); (A.-L.B.)
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Throw out the Map: Neuropathogenesis of the Globally Expanding California Serogroup of Orthobunyaviruses. Viruses 2019; 11:v11090794. [PMID: 31470541 PMCID: PMC6784171 DOI: 10.3390/v11090794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The California serogroup (CSG) comprises 18 serologically and genetically related mosquito-borne orthobunyaviruses. Of these viruses, at least seven have been shown to cause neurological disease in humans, including the leading cause of pediatric arboviral encephalitis in the USA, La Crosse virus. Despite the disease burden from these viruses, much is still unknown about the CSG viruses. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the CSG viruses, including human disease and the mechanisms of neuropathogenesis.
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