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Wang F, Li X, Liu Z, Zhao X, Zhao C, Hou G, Liu Q, Liu X. A Magnetic-Optical Triple-Mode Lateral Flow Immunoassay for Sensitive and Rapid Detection of Respiratory Adenovirus. Anal Chem 2024; 96:2059-2067. [PMID: 38258754 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Human respiratory adenovirus (ADV) is a highly infectious respiratory virus with potential for pandemics. There are currently no specific drugs to treat ADV worldwide, so early rapid detection of ADV infection is essential. In this study, we developed an innovative magnetic-optical triple-mode lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) using magnetic quantum dots as immunomarkers. This novel approach addresses the need for rapid and accurate ADV detection, allowing for multimodal quantitative/semiquantitative analysis of magnetic, fluorescent, and visible signals within a mere 15 min. The lower limit of detection (LOD) for magnetic, fluorescent, and visual signals was determined to be 5.6 × 103, 1.2 × 103, and 1.95 × 104 copies/mL, respectively. The detection range for ADV using this approach was 1.2 × 103-5 × 107 copies/mL. Additionally, semiquantitative analysis, which is user-friendly and does not necessitate specialized equipment, was successfully implemented. Notably, seven respiratory viruses showed no cross-reactivity with the generated LFIA test strips. The intrabatch repeatability exhibited a coefficient of variation (CV) of less than 5%, while the interbatch repeatability had a CV of less than 15%. Furthermore, recovery values ranged from 95% to 106.8% for samples analyzed concurrently with dual signals at the same spiking concentration. The assay developed in this study boasts a wide detection range and exceptional sensitivity and specificity. This technique is exceptionally well-suited for on-site rapid detection, with the potential for personal self-testing and early ADV infection diagnosis. Its versatility extends to a broad array of application scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, PR China
- Bioinformatics Center of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Bioinformatics Center of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Zhining Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, PR China
| | - Xin Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, PR China
| | - Changxu Zhao
- Bioinformatics Center of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Guangzheng Hou
- Bioinformatics Center of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Qiqi Liu
- Bioinformatics Center of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Xin Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, PR China
- Jinzhou Medical University Huludao Central Hospital Teaching Base, Huludao 125001,PR China
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Kolb AW, Chau VQ, Miller DL, Yannuzzi NA, Brandt CR. Phylogenetic and Recombination Analysis of Clinical Vitreous Humor-Derived Adenovirus Isolates Reveals Discordance Between Serotype and Phylogeny. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:12. [PMID: 38319669 PMCID: PMC10854415 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.2.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To sequence, identify, and perform phylogenetic and recombination analysis on three clinical adenovirus samples taken from the vitreous humor at the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute. Methods The PacBio Sequel II was used to sequence the genomes of the three clinical adenovirus isolates. To identify the isolates, a full genome-based multiple sequence alignment (MSA) of 722 mastadenoviruses was generated using multiple alignment using fast Fourier transform (MAFFT). MAFFT was also used to generate genome-based human adenovirus B (HAdV-B) MSAs, as well as HAdV-B fiber, hexon, and penton protein-based MSAs. To examine recombination within HAdV-B, RF-Net 2 and Bootscan software programs were used. Results In the course of classifying three new atypical ocular adenovirus samples, taken from the vitreous humor, we found that all three isolates were HAdV-B species. The three Bascom Palmer HAdV-B genomes were then combined with over 300 HAdV-B genome sequences, including nine ocular HAdV-B genome sequences. Attempts to categorize the penton, hexon, and fiber serotypes using phylogeny of the three Bascom Palmer samples were inconclusive due to incongruence between serotype and phylogeny in the dataset. Recombination analysis using a subset of HAdV-B strains to generate a hybridization network detected recombination between nonhuman primate and human-derived strains, recombination between one HAdV-B strain and the HAdV-E outgroup, and limited recombination between the B1 and B2 clades. Conclusions The discordance between serotype and phylogeny detected in this study suggests that the current classification system does not accurately describe the natural history and phylogenetic relationships among adenoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron W. Kolb
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Viet Q. Chau
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Darlene L. Miller
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Nicolas A. Yannuzzi
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Curtis R. Brandt
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
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3
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Tripathi P. Medical viruses: diagnostic techniques. Virol J 2023; 20:143. [PMID: 37434239 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02108-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent epidemics and pandemics caused by different viruses such as SARS-CoV-2, monkey pox, H1N1, ebola virus etc. have been a cause of mass destruction in the human race, the biggest decline slope in the global economy and mental trauma. A number of viruses have been discovered that may cause serious problems and to overcome this problem, early diagnosis of the viruses and understanding their infection pattern is a must. Early detection of viruses inside the host provides timely management in a strategic manner. Scientists have developed some effective and efficient methods to detect the viruses. In this review, we have explained a few types of diagnostic techniques: Biosensor based, immunological-based, and molecular-based diagnostic techniques that are prominent methodologies to identify and detect the course of infection related to the medical viruses. In biosensor-based diagnostic technique, an analytical device consisting of biological elements and physicochemical component gives a signal upon detection of viral antigen. In immunological-based diagnostic techniques, enzyme-linked antibodies are utilized to find the particular antiviral antibody or viral antigen in human specimens, and nucleic acid-based diagnostic techniques are based on the principle of amplification of the viral genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratima Tripathi
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow, UP, 226002, India.
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Abuelizz HA, Bakheit AH, Marzouk M, El-Senousy WM, Abdellatif MM, Ali EE, Mostafa GAE, Al-Salahi R. Biological Investigation of 2-Thioxo-benzo[g]quinazolines against Adenovirus Type 7 and Bacteriophage Phi X174: An In Vitro Study. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:3787-3800. [PMID: 37232713 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45050244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mortality and morbidity caused by viruses are a global health problems. Therefore, there is always a need to create novel therapeutic agents and refine existing ones to maximize their efficacy. Our lab has produced benzoquinazolines derivatives that have proven effective activity as antiviral compounds against herpes simplex (HSV 1 and 2), coxsackievirus B4 (CVB4), and hepatitis viruses (HAV and HCV). This in vitro study was aimed at investigating the effectiveness of benzoquinazoline derivatives 1-16 against adenovirus type 7 and bacteriophage phiX174 using a plaque assay. The cytotoxicity against adenovirus type 7 was also performed in vitro, using a MTT assay. Most of the compounds exhibited antiviral activity against bacteriophage phiX174. However, compounds 1, 3, 9, and 11 showed statistically significant reductions of 60-70% against bacteriophage phiX174. By contrast, compounds 3, 5, 7, 12, 13, and 15 were ineffective against adenovirus type 7, and compounds 6 and 16 had remarkable efficacy (50%). Using the MOE-Site Finder Module, a docking study was carried out in order to create a prediction regarding the orientation of the lead compounds (1, 9, and 11). This was performed in order to investigate the activity of the lead compounds 1, 9, and 11 against the bacteriophage phiX174 by locating the ligand-target protein binding interaction active sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatem A Abuelizz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed H Bakheit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Marzouk
- Chemistry of Tanning Materials and Leather Technology Department, Organic Chemicals Industries Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Waled M El-Senousy
- Environmental Virology Laboratory, Water Pollution Research Department, Environment and Climate Change Research Institute and Food-Borne Viruses Group, Centre of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El-Buhouth Street, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Abdellatif
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami Osawa, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Essam E Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gamal A E Mostafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashad Al-Salahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Zhao M, Xu Y, Zhang D, Li G, Gao H, Zeng X, Tie Y, Wu Y, Dai E, Feng Z. Establishment and evaluation of a quadruple quantitative real-time PCR assay for simultaneous detection of human coronavirus subtypes. Virol J 2022; 19:67. [PMID: 35410305 PMCID: PMC8995687 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-022-01793-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The newly discovered severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and four seasonal human coronaviruses (HCoVs) (HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-NL63 and HCoV-HKU1) still circulate worldwide. The early clinical symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 and seasonal HCoV infections are similar, so rapid and accurate identification of the subtypes of HCoVs is crucial for early diagnosis, early treatment, prevention and control of these infections. However, current multiplex molecular diagnostic techniques for HCoV subtypes including SARS-CoV-2 are limited. Methods We designed primers and probes specific for the S and N genes of SARS-CoV-2, the N gene of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), and the ORF1ab gene of four seasonal HCoVs, as well as the human B2M gene product. We developed and optimized a quadruple quantitative real-time PCR assay (qq-PCR) for simultaneous detection of SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and four seasonal HCoVs. This assay was further tested for specificity and sensitivity, and validated using 184 clinical samples. Results The limit of detection of the qq-PCR assay was in the range 2.5 × 101 to 6.5 × 101 copies/μL for each gene and no cross-reactivity with other common respiratory viruses was observed. The intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation were 0.5–2%. The qq-PCR assay had a 91.9% sensitivity and 100.0% specificity for SARS-CoV-2 and a 95.7% sensitivity and 100% specificity for seasonal HCoVs, using the approved commercial kits as the reference. Compared to the commercial kits, total detection consistency was 98.4% (181/184) for SARS-CoV-2 and 98.6% (142/144) for seasonal HCoVs. Conclusion With the advantages of sensitivity, specificity, rapid detection, cost-effectiveness, and convenience, this qq-PCR assay has potential for clinical use for rapid discrimination between SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and seasonal HCoVs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12985-022-01793-3.
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Fan G, Zhang R, He X, Tian F, Nie M, Shen X, Ma X. RAP: A Novel Approach to the Rapid and Highly Sensitive Detection of Respiratory Viruses. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:766411. [PMID: 34805120 PMCID: PMC8602363 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.766411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinase aided amplification (RAA) is an emerging isothermal amplification method used for detecting various pathogens. However, RAA requires a complex and long probe to ensure high sensitivity during fluorescence assay. TaqMan probe used for quantitative PCR (qPCR) is simple and universal. Herein, we developed a new approach for detecting nucleic acids of pathogens, known as RAP (Recombinase aided PCR). The method combines RAA and qPCR to ensure a rapid and highly sensitive detection using a conventional qPCR device. RAP is a two-stage amplification process performed in a single tube within 1 hour. The method involves an RAA reaction for 10 min at 39°C (first stage) followed by 15 cycles of qPCR (second stage). Using human adenovirus 3 (HADV3) and human adenovirus 7 (HADV7) plasmids, the sensitivities of RAP assays for detecting HADV3 and HADV7 were 6 and 17 copies per reaction, respectively. The limit of RAP detection was at least 16-fold lower than the corresponding qPCR, and no-cross reaction with other respiratory viruses was observed. The results of RAP analysis revealed 100% consistency with qPCR assay. This study shows that RAP assay is a rapid, specific, and highly sensitive detection method with a potential for clinical and laboratory application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohao Fan
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiqing Zhang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaozhou He
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Fengyu Tian
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Mingzhu Nie
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xinxin Shen
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xuejun Ma
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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Development of Rapid and Visual Nucleic Acid Detection Methods towards Four Serotypes of Human Adenovirus Species B Based on RPA-LF Test. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:9957747. [PMID: 34646888 PMCID: PMC8505065 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9957747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Human adenoviruses (HAdV) are classified as 7 HAdV species, and some serotypes in species B like HAdV 3, HAdV 7, HAdV 21, and HAdV 55 caused severe symptoms, even fatalities. Patients may be misdiagnosed and inadequately treated without reliable and practical methods for HAdV serotyping. Developing rapid, sensitive, and specific diagnostic methods for HAdV is critical. Methods Detection methods were established based on a recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) assay and lateral flow (LF) test. Specific target sequence was screened, targeting which, primers and probes were designed, synthesized, and screened for establishing assay with high amplification efficiency. Primer or probe concentrations and amplification time were optimized. Detection limit, sensitivity, and specificity were evaluated. Results and Conclusions. Simple, sensitive, and specific RPA-LF methods for detection of four serotypes of HAdV together or separately were established, which had detection limits of 10 to 280 copies/reaction comparable to real-time PCR without recognizing other pathogens. The sensitivity and specificity were >92% and >98%, respectively, evaluated by limited clinical samples. The detection can be completed in 25 min without requirement of any instrument except a constant temperature equipment, showing superior detection performance and promising for a wide use in the field and resource-limited area.
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8
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Molecular and Immunological Diagnostic Techniques of Medical Viruses. Int J Microbiol 2020; 2020:8832728. [PMID: 32908530 PMCID: PMC7474384 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8832728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral infections are causing serious problems in human population worldwide. The recent outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 caused by SARS-CoV-2 is a perfect example how viral infection could pose a great threat to global public health and economic sectors. Therefore, the first step in combating viral pathogens is to get a timely and accurate diagnosis. Early and accurate detection of the viral presence in patient sample is crucial for appropriate treatment, control, and prevention of epidemics. Here, we summarize some of the molecular and immunological diagnostic approaches available for the detection of viral infections of humans. Molecular diagnostic techniques provide rapid viral detection in patient sample. They are also relatively inexpensive and highly sensitive and specific diagnostic methods. Immunological-based techniques have been extensively utilized for the detection and epidemiological studies of human viral infections. They can detect antiviral antibodies or viral antigens in clinical samples. There are several commercially available molecular and immunological diagnostic kits that facilitate the use of these methods in the majority of clinical laboratories worldwide. In developing countries including Ethiopia where most of viral infections are endemic, exposure to improved or new methods is highly limited as these methods are very costly to use and also require technical skills. Since researchers and clinicians in all corners of the globe are working hard, it is hoped that in the near future, they will develop good quality tests that can be accessible in low-income countries.
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Crenshaw BJ, Jones LB, Bell CR, Kumar S, Matthews QL. Perspective on Adenoviruses: Epidemiology, Pathogenicity, and Gene Therapy. Biomedicines 2019; 7:E61. [PMID: 31430920 PMCID: PMC6784011 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines7030061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human adenoviruses are large (150 MDa) doubled-stranded DNA viruses that cause respiratory infections. These viruses are particularly pathogenic in healthy and immune-compromised individuals, and currently, no adenovirus vaccine is available for the general public. The purpose of this review is to describe (i) the epidemiology and pathogenicity of human adenoviruses, (ii) the biological role of adenovirus vectors in gene therapy applications, and (iii) the potential role of exosomes in adenoviral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brennetta J Crenshaw
- Microbiology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA
| | - Leandra B Jones
- Microbiology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA
| | - Courtnee' R Bell
- Microbiology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, Division of Neonatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Qiana L Matthews
- Microbiology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA.
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Wang RH, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Li XN, Shen XX, Qi JJ, Fan GH, Xiang XY, Zhan ZF, Chen ZW, Ma XJ. Development and evaluation of recombinase-aided amplification assays incorporating competitive internal controls for detection of human adenovirus serotypes 3 and 7. Virol J 2019; 16:86. [PMID: 31262315 PMCID: PMC6604330 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-019-1178-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human adenoviruses are a common group of viruses that cause acute infectious diseases. Human adenovirus (HAdV) 3 and HAdV 7 cause major outbreaks of severe pneumonia. A reliable and practical method for HAdV typing in clinical laboratories is lacking. A simple, rapid and accurate molecular typing method for HAdV may facilitate clinical diagnosis and epidemiological control. Methods We developed and evaluated duplex real-time recombinase-aided amplification (RAA) assays incorporating competitive internal controls for detection of HAdV 3 and HAdV 7, respectively. The assays were performed in a one-step in a single tube reaction at 39° for 20 min. Results The analytical sensitivities of the duplex RAA assays for HAdV 3 and HAdV 7 were 5.0 and 14.8 copies per reaction, respectively (at 95% probability by probit regression analysis). No cross-reaction was observed with other types of HAdV or other common respiratory viruses. The duplex RAA assays were used to detect 152 previously-defined HAdV-positive samples. These results agreed with those obtained using a published triplex quantitative real-time PCR protocol. Conclusions We provide the first report of internally-controlled duplex RAA assays for the detection of HAdV 3 and HAdV 7. These assays effectively reduce the rate of false negative results and may be valuable for detection of HAdV 3 and HAdV 7 in clinical laboratories, especially in resource-poor settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Huan Wang
- University of South China, College of Public Health, No. 28, West Changsheng Street, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.,Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 450, Furong Street, Changsha, 410005, Hunan, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155, Changbai Street, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- University of South China, College of Public Health, No. 28, West Changsheng Street, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China. .,Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 450, Furong Street, Changsha, 410005, Hunan, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155, Changbai Street, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xin-Na Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155, Changbai Street, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xin-Xin Shen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155, Changbai Street, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Ju-Ju Qi
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155, Changbai Street, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Guo-Hao Fan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155, Changbai Street, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xing-Yu Xiang
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 450, Furong Street, Changsha, 410005, Hunan, China
| | - Zhi-Fei Zhan
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 450, Furong Street, Changsha, 410005, Hunan, China
| | - Zi-Wei Chen
- The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha City, 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xue-Jun Ma
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155, Changbai Street, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China.
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