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Tian S, Song Q, Zhou W, Wang J, Wang Y, An W, Wu Y, Zhao L. A viral movement protein targets host catalases for 26S proteasome-mediated degradation to facilitate viral infection and aphid transmission in wheat. MOLECULAR PLANT 2024; 17:614-630. [PMID: 38454602 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The infection of host plants by many different viruses causes reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and yellowing symptoms, but the mechanisms through which plant viruses counteract ROS-mediated immunity to facilitate infection and symptom development have not been fully elucidated. Most plant viruses are transmitted by insect vectors in the field, but the molecular mechanisms underlying virus‒host-insect interactions are unclear. In this study, we investigated the interactions among wheat, barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV), and its aphid vector and found that the BYDV movement protein (MP) interacts with both wheat catalases (CATs) and the 26S proteasome ubiquitin receptor non-ATPase regulatory subunit 2 homolog (PSMD2) to facilitate the 26S proteasome-mediated degradation of CATs, promoting viral infection, disease symptom development, and aphid transmission. Overexpression of the BYDV MP gene in wheat enhanced the degradation of CATs, which leading to increased accumulation of ROS and thereby enhanced viral infection. Interestingly, transgenic wheat lines overexpressing BYDV MP showed significantly reduced proliferation of wingless aphids and an increased number of winged aphids. Consistent with this observation, silencing of CAT genes also enhanced viral accumulation and reduced the proliferation of wingless aphids but increased the occurrence of winged aphids. In contrast, transgenic wheat plants overexpressing TaCAT1 exhibited the opposite changes and showed increases in grain size and weight upon infection with BYDV. Biochemical assays demonstrated that BYDV MP interacts with PSMD2 and promotes 26S proteasome-mediated degradation of TaCAT1 likely in a ubiquitination-independent manner. Collectively, our study reveals a molecular mechanism by which a plant virus manipulates the ROS production system of host plants to facilitate viral infection and transmission, shedding new light on the sophisticated interactions among viruses, host plants, and insect vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyuan Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Qingting Song
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Wenmei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jingke Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yanbin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Wei An
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yunfeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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2
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Ma L, Zhang X, Deng Z, Zhang P, Wang T, Li R, Li J, Cheng K, Wang J, Ma N, Qu G, Zhu B, Fu D, Luo Y, Li F, Zhu H. Dicer-like2b suppresses the wiry leaf phenotype in tomato induced by tobacco mosaic virus. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 116:1737-1747. [PMID: 37694805 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Dicer-like (DCL) proteins are principal components of RNA silencing, a major defense mechanism against plant virus infections. However, their functions in suppressing virus-induced disease phenotypes remain largely unknown. Here, we identified a role for tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) DCL2b in regulating the wiry leaf phenotype during defense against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Knocking out SlyDCL2b promoted TMV accumulation in the leaf primordium, resulting in a wiry phenotype in distal leaves. Biochemical and bioinformatics analyses showed that 22-nt virus-derived small interfering RNAs (vsiRNAs) accumulated less abundantly in slydcl2b mutants than in wild-type plants, suggesting that SlyDCL2b-dependent 22-nt vsiRNAs are required to exclude virus from leaf primordia. Moreover, the wiry leaf phenotype was accompanied by upregulation of Auxin Response Factors (ARFs), resulting from a reduction in trans-acting siRNAs targeting ARFs (tasiARFs) in TMV-infected slydcl2b mutants. Loss of tasiARF production in the slydcl2b mutant was in turn caused by inhibition of miRNA390b function. Importantly, silencing SlyARF3 and SlyARF4 largely restored the wiry phenotype in TMV-infected slydcl2b mutants. Our work exemplifies the complex relationship between RNA viruses and the endogenous RNA silencing machinery, whereby SlyDCL2b protects the normal development of newly emerging organs by excluding virus from these regions and thus maintaining developmental silencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Ma
- The College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhiqi Deng
- The College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Peiyu Zhang
- The College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Tian Wang
- The College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ran Li
- The College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jinyan Li
- The College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ke Cheng
- The College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jubin Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Nan Ma
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Guiqin Qu
- The College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Benzhong Zhu
- The College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Daqi Fu
- The College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yunbo Luo
- The College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Feng Li
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hongliang Zhu
- The College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
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3
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Shen C, Wei C, Wu Y. Barley yellow dwarf Virus-GAV movement protein activating wheat TaATG6-Mediated antiviral autophagy pathway. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 200:107771. [PMID: 37247558 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Barley yellow dwarf virus-GAV (BYDV-GAV) is a highly destructive virus that is transmitted by aphids and can cause substantial yield losses in crops such as wheat (Triticum aestivum), barley (Hordeum vulgare) and oat (Avena sativa). Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved degradation process that eliminates damaged or harmful intracellular substances during stress conditions or specific developmental processes. However, the mechanism of autophagy involved in disease resistance in wheat remains unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that BYDV-GAV infection could induces the upregulation of genes related to the autophagy pathway in wheat, accompanied by the production of autophagosomes. Furthermore, we confirmed the direct interaction between the viral movement protein (MP) and wheat autophagy-related gene 6 (TaATG6) both in vivo and in vitro. Through yeast function complementation experiments, we determined that TaATG6 can restore the autophagy function in a yeast mutant, atg6. Additionally, we identified the interaction between TaATG6 and TaATG8, core factors of the autophagic pathway, using the yeast two-hybrid system. TaATG6 and TaATG8-silenced wheat plants exhibited a high viral content. Overall, our findings suggest that wheat can recognize BYDV-GAV infection and activate the MP-TaATG6-TaATG8 regulatory network of defense responses through the induction of the autophagy pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Shen
- Shaannan Eco-economy Research Center, Ankang University, 725000, Ankang, China.
| | - Caiyan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, China
| | - Yunfeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, China
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4
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Wu R, Wu G, Huang Y, Zhang H, Tang J, Li M, Qing L. vsiRNA18 derived from tobacco curly shoot virus can regulate virus infection in Nicotiana benthamiana. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2023; 24:466-473. [PMID: 36797647 PMCID: PMC10098052 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Virus-derived small interfering RNAs (vsiRNAs) play important roles in regulating host endogenous gene expression to promote virus infection and induce RNA silencing to suppress virus infection. However, to date, how vsiRNAs affect geminivirus infection in host plants has been less studied. In this study, we found that tobacco curly shoot virus (TbCSV)-derived vsiRNA18 (TvsiRNA18) can regulate TbCSV infection in Nicotiana benthamiana plants. The virus-mediated small RNA expression system and stable transformation technique were used to clarify the molecular role of TvsiRNA18 in TbCSV infection. The results indicate that TvsiRNA18 can aggravate disease symptoms in these plants and enhance viral DNA accumulation. ATP-dependent RNA helicase (ATP-dRH) was proven to be a target of TvsiRNA18, and down-regulation of ATP-dRH in plants was shown to induce virus-like leaf curling symptoms and increase TbCSV infection. These results suggest that TvsiRNA18 is an important regulator of TbCSV infection by suppressing ATP-dRH expression. This is the first report to demonstrate that TbCSV-derived vsiRNA can target host endogenous genes to affect symptom development, which helps to reveal the molecular mechanism of symptom occurrence after the virus infects the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Disease Biology, College of Plant ProtectionSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Gentu Wu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Disease Biology, College of Plant ProtectionSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yongjie Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Disease Biology, College of Plant ProtectionSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Haolan Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Disease Biology, College of Plant ProtectionSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Jiaxin Tang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Disease Biology, College of Plant ProtectionSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Mingjun Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Disease Biology, College of Plant ProtectionSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Ling Qing
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Disease Biology, College of Plant ProtectionSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
- National Citrus Engineering Research CenterSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
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5
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Jin H, Han X, Wang Z, Xie Y, Zhang K, Zhao X, Wang L, Yang J, Liu H, Ji X, Dong L, Zheng H, Hu W, Liu Y, Wang X, Zhou X, Zhang Y, Qian W, Zheng W, Shen Q, Gou M, Wang D. Barley GRIK1-SnRK1 kinases subvert a viral virulence protein to upregulate antiviral RNAi and inhibit infection. EMBO J 2022; 41:e110521. [PMID: 35929182 PMCID: PMC9475517 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021110521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses often usurp host machineries for their amplification, but it remains unclear if hosts may subvert virus proteins to regulate viral proliferation. Here, we show that the 17K protein, an important virulence factor conserved in barley yellow dwarf viruses (BYDVs) and related poleroviruses, is phosphorylated by host GRIK1‐SnRK1 kinases, with the phosphorylated 17K (P17K) capable of enhancing the abundance of virus‐derived small interfering RNAs (vsiRNAs) and thus antiviral RNAi. Furthermore, P17K interacts with barley small RNA‐degrading nuclease 1 (HvSDN1) and impedes HvSDN1‐catalyzed vsiRNA degradation. Additionally, P17K weakens the HvSDN1‐HvAGO1 interaction, thus hindering HvSDN1 from accessing and degrading HvAGO1‐carried vsiRNAs. Importantly, transgenic expression of 17K phosphomimetics (17K5D), or genome editing of SDN1, generates stable resistance to BYDV through elevating vsiRNA abundance. These data validate a novel mechanism that enhances antiviral RNAi through host subversion of a viral virulence protein to inhibit SDN1‐catalyzed vsiRNA degradation and suggest new ways for engineering BYDV‐resistant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaibing Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, National Wheat Innovation Center, and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Longzi Lake Campus, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, National Wheat Innovation Center, and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Longzi Lake Campus, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yilin Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kunpu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, National Wheat Innovation Center, and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Longzi Lake Campus, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoge Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lina Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, National Wheat Innovation Center, and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Longzi Lake Campus, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, National Wheat Innovation Center, and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Longzi Lake Campus, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huiyun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, National Wheat Innovation Center, and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Longzi Lake Campus, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiang Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, National Wheat Innovation Center, and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Longzi Lake Campus, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lingli Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyuan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, National Wheat Innovation Center, and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Longzi Lake Campus, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weijuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xifeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xueping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yijing Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqiang Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenming Zheng
- National Biological Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qianhua Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyue Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, National Wheat Innovation Center, and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Longzi Lake Campus, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Daowen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, National Wheat Innovation Center, and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Longzi Lake Campus, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,National Biological Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.,The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China
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6
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Xu T, Lei L, Fu Y, Yang X, Luo H, Chen X, Wu X, Wang Y, Jia MA. Molecular Characterization of a Novel Polerovirus Infecting Soybean in China. Viruses 2022; 14:v14071428. [PMID: 35891408 PMCID: PMC9322011 DOI: 10.3390/v14071428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Poleroviruses are positive-sense, single-stranded viruses. In this study, we describe the identification of a novel polerovirus isolated from soybean displaying curled leaves. The complete viral genome sequence was identified using high-throughput sequencing and confirmed using rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE), RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing. Its genome organization is typical of the members of genus Polerovirus, containing seven putative open reading frames (ORFs). The full genome is composed of single-stranded RNA of 5822 nucleotides in length, with the highest nucleotide sequence identity (79.07% with 63% coverage) for cowpea polerovirus 2 (CPPV2). Amino acid sequence identities of the protein products between the virus and its relatives are below the threshold determined by the International Committee of Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) for species demarcation, and this strongly supports this virus’ status as a novel species, for which the name soybean chlorotic leafroll virus (SbCLRV) is proposed. Recombination analysis identified a recombination event in the ORF5 of the 3’ portion in the genome. Phylogenetic analyses of the genome and encoded protein sequences revealed that the new virus is closely related to phasey bean mild yellows virus, CPPV2 and siratro latent polerovirus. Subsequently, we demonstrated the infectivity of SbCLRV in Nicotiana benthamiana via infectious cDNA clone generation and agroinoculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengzhi Xu
- Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (T.X.); (Y.F.); (X.Y.); (H.L.); (X.C.); (X.W.)
| | - Lei Lei
- Guizhou Rapeseed Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550008, China;
| | - Yong Fu
- Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (T.X.); (Y.F.); (X.Y.); (H.L.); (X.C.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiaolan Yang
- Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (T.X.); (Y.F.); (X.Y.); (H.L.); (X.C.); (X.W.)
| | - Hao Luo
- Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (T.X.); (Y.F.); (X.Y.); (H.L.); (X.C.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiangru Chen
- Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (T.X.); (Y.F.); (X.Y.); (H.L.); (X.C.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiaomao Wu
- Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (T.X.); (Y.F.); (X.Y.); (H.L.); (X.C.); (X.W.)
| | - Yaqin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (M.-a.J.)
| | - Meng-ao Jia
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Sciences, Guiyang 550001, China
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (M.-a.J.)
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7
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Clavel M, Lechner E, Incarbone M, Vincent T, Cognat V, Smirnova E, Lecorbeiller M, Brault V, Ziegler-Graff V, Genschik P. Atypical molecular features of RNA silencing against the phloem-restricted polerovirus TuYV. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:11274-11293. [PMID: 34614168 PMCID: PMC8565345 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In plants and some animal lineages, RNA silencing is an efficient and adaptable defense mechanism against viruses. To counter it, viruses encode suppressor proteins that interfere with RNA silencing. Phloem-restricted viruses are spreading at an alarming rate and cause substantial reduction of crop yield, but how they interact with their hosts at the molecular level is still insufficiently understood. Here, we investigate the antiviral response against phloem-restricted turnip yellows virus (TuYV) in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Using a combination of genetics, deep sequencing, and mechanical vasculature enrichment, we show that the main axis of silencing active against TuYV involves 22-nt vsiRNA production by DCL2, and their preferential loading into AGO1. Moreover, we identify vascular secondary siRNA produced from plant transcripts and initiated by DCL2-processed AGO1-loaded vsiRNA. Unexpectedly, and despite the viral encoded VSR P0 previously shown to mediate degradation of AGO proteins, vascular AGO1 undergoes specific post-translational stabilization during TuYV infection. Collectively, our work uncovers the complexity of antiviral RNA silencing against phloem-restricted TuYV and prompts a re-assessment of the role of its suppressor of silencing P0 during genuine infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Clavel
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Esther Lechner
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Marco Incarbone
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Timothée Vincent
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Valerie Cognat
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ekaterina Smirnova
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Maxime Lecorbeiller
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Véronique Ziegler-Graff
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Pascal Genschik
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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8
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Cui Q, Huang J, Wu F, Li DZ, Zheng L, Hu G, Hu S, Zhang L. Biochemical and transcriptomic analyses reveal that critical genes involved in pigment biosynthesis influence leaf color changes in a new sweet osmanthus cultivar 'Qiannan Guifei'. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12265. [PMID: 34707941 PMCID: PMC8504463 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osmanthus fragrans (Oleaceae) is one of the most important ornamental plant species in China. Many cultivars with different leaf color phenotypes and good ornamental value have recently been developed. For example, a new cultivar ‘Qiannan Guifei’, presents a rich variety of leaf colors, which change from red to yellow-green and ultimately to green as leaves develop, making this cultivar valuable for landscaping. However, the biochemical characteristics and molecular mechanisms underlying leaf color changes of these phenotypes have not been elucidated. It has been hypothesized that the biosynthesis of different pigments in O. fragrans might change during leaf coloration. Here, we analyzed transcriptional changes in genes involved in chlorophyll (Chl), flavonoid, and carotenoid metabolic pathways and identified candidate genes responsible for leaf coloration in the new cultivar ‘Qiannan Guifei’. Methods Leaf samples were collected from ‘Qiannan Guifei’ plants at the red (R), yellow-green (YG) and green (G) leaf stages. We compared the different-colored leaves via leaf pigment concentrations, chloroplast ultrastructure, and transcriptomic data. We further analyzed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in the Chl, flavonoid, and carotenoid metabolic pathways. In addition, we used qRT-PCR to validate expression patterns of the DEGs at the three stages. Results We found that, compared with those at the G stage, chloroplasts at the R and YG stages were less abundant and presented abnormal morphologies. Pigment analyses revealed that the leaves had higher flavonoid and anthocyanin levels at the R stage but lower Chl and carotenoid concentrations. Similarly, Chl and carotenoid concentrations were lower at the YG stage than at the G stage. By using transcriptomic sequencing, we further identified 61 DEGs involved in the three pigment metabolic pathways. Among these DEGs, seven structural genes (OfCHS, OfCHI, OfF3H, OfDFR, OfANS, OfUGT andOf3AT) involved in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway were expressed at the highest level at the R stage, thereby increasing the biosynthesis of flavonoids, especially anthocyanins. Six putativeOfMYB genes, including three flavonoid-related activators and three repressors, were also highly expressed at the R stage, suggesting that they might coordinately regulate the accumulation of flavonoids, including anthocyanins. Additionally, expressions of the Chl biosynthesis-related genes OfHEMA, OfCHLG and OfCAO and the carotenoid biosynthesis-related genes OfHYB and OfZEP were upregulated from the R stage to the G stage, which increased the accumulation of Chl and carotenoids throughout leaf development. In summary, we screened the candidate genes responsible for the leaf color changes of ‘Qiannan Guifei’, improved current understanding of the regulatory mechanisms underlying leaf coloration and provided potential targets for future leaf color improvement in O. fragrans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Cui
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junhua Huang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fan Wu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dong-Ze Li
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liqun Zheng
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guang Hu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shaoqing Hu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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