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Akinyi I, Ouma OJ, Ogutu S, Ogola E, Owenga J, Ayodo G, Omondi D, Awandu SS, Vanden Broeck D, Redzic N, Pereira AR, Bogers J. HPV infection patterns and viral load distribution: implication on cervical cancer prevention in Western Kenya. Eur J Cancer Prev 2024:00008469-990000000-00171. [PMID: 39230048 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) coinfection remains common globally. However, its clinical significance compared to mono-infection remains controversial. Further, the epidemiology of HPV genotype combination in coinfection is not well studied in Kenya. . Between June and August 2023, a cross-sectional facility-based survey enrolled 434 women aged 16-68 years using purposive sampling strategy. Structured questionnaire was obtained from each woman regarding demographic and sexual behavior characteristics. Cervical specimen was collected from each participant and analyzed using RIATOL assay to determine HPV genotypes and viral load. Overall, HPV 52 was the most frequently detected HPV strain. The mean HPV viral load was elevated among coinfected women than those with mono-infection but there was no evidence to support differences in viral load in the two groups (P = 0.113). Mono-infection was common (58.52%). HPV 16 was noted to have a near equal presence both in mono-infection and coinfection (52.17% and 47. 83%), respectively. HPV 33 (alpha 9) and 45 (alpha 7) had the greatest preference for each other compared to all other HPV interactions. HPV 52 is the most prevalent HPV in the population supporting the need for the nonavalent HPV vaccine. Mono-infection with HPV 16 remains common corroborating the relevance of bivalent vaccine in resource limited setting where nonavalent vaccines may be unavailable. The frequent coinfection preference of HPV 33 and 45 (alpha 9 and alpha 7, respectively) pauses the need for further concurrent characterization. HPV vaccination and education on safe sexual behaviors is key in reducing HPV coinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy Akinyi
- School of Health Sciences, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology, Bondo, Kenya
| | - Ogol Japheth Ouma
- School of Health Sciences, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology, Bondo, Kenya
| | - Sylvester Ogutu
- School of Health Sciences, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology, Bondo, Kenya
| | - Eric Ogola
- School of Health Sciences, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology, Bondo, Kenya
| | - Jane Owenga
- School of Health Sciences, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology, Bondo, Kenya
| | - George Ayodo
- School of Health Sciences, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology, Bondo, Kenya
| | - Dicken Omondi
- School of Health Sciences, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology, Bondo, Kenya
| | - Shehu Shagari Awandu
- School of Health Sciences, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology, Bondo, Kenya
| | - Davy Vanden Broeck
- AML, Sonic Healthcare, Antwerp
- International Centre for Reproductive Health, Ghent University, Ghent
| | | | | | - Johannes Bogers
- AML, Sonic Healthcare, Antwerp
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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2
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Spurgeon ME, Townsend EC, Blaine-Sauer S, McGregor SM, Horswill M, den Boon JA, Ahlquist P, Kalan L, Lambert PF. Key aspects of papillomavirus infection influence the host cervicovaginal microbiome in a preclinical murine papillomavirus (MmuPV1) infection model. mBio 2024; 15:e0093324. [PMID: 38742830 PMCID: PMC11237646 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00933-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States and are a major etiological agent of cancers in the anogenital tract and oral cavity. Growing evidence suggests changes in the host microbiome are associated with the natural history and ultimate outcome of HPV infection. We sought to define changes in the host cervicovaginal microbiome during papillomavirus infection, persistence, and pathogenesis using the murine papillomavirus (MmuPV1) cervicovaginal infection model. Cervicovaginal lavages were performed over a time course of MmuPV1 infection in immunocompetent female FVB/N mice and extracted DNA was analyzed by qPCR to track MmuPV1 viral copy number. 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing was used to determine the composition and diversity of microbial communities throughout this time course. We also sought to determine whether specific microbial communities exist across the spectrum of MmuPV1-induced neoplastic disease. We, therefore, performed laser-capture microdissection to isolate regions of disease representing all stages of neoplastic disease progression (normal, low- and high-grade dysplasia, and cancer) from female reproductive tract tissue sections from MmuPV1-infected mice and performed 16S rRNA sequencing. Consistent with other studies, we found that the natural murine cervicovaginal microbiome is highly variable across different experiments. Despite these differences in initial microbiome composition between experiments, we observed that MmuPV1 persistence, viral load, and severity of disease influenced the composition of the cervicovaginal microbiome. These studies demonstrate that papillomavirus infection can alter the cervicovaginal microbiome.IMPORTANCEHuman papillomaviruses (HPVs) are the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States. A subset of HPVs that infect the anogenital tract (cervix, vagina, anus) and oral cavity cause at least 5% of cancers worldwide. Recent evidence indicates that the community of microbial organisms present in the human cervix and vagina, known as the cervicovaginal microbiome, plays a role in HPV-induced cervical cancer. However, the mechanisms underlying this interplay are not well-defined. In this study, we infected the female reproductive tract of mice with a murine papillomavirus (MmuPV1) and found that key aspects of papillomavirus infection and disease influence the host cervicovaginal microbiome. This is the first study to define changes in the host microbiome associated with MmuPV1 infection in a preclinical animal model of HPV-induced cervical cancer. These results pave the way for using MmuPV1 infection models to further investigate the interactions between papillomaviruses and the host microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E. Spurgeon
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Elizabeth C. Townsend
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Microbiology Doctoral Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Simon Blaine-Sauer
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Stephanie M. McGregor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Mark Horswill
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- John W. and Jeanne M. Rowe Center for Research in Virology, Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Johan A. den Boon
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- John W. and Jeanne M. Rowe Center for Research in Virology, Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Paul Ahlquist
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- John W. and Jeanne M. Rowe Center for Research in Virology, Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Lindsay Kalan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- M.G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- David Braley Centre for Antibiotic Discovery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul F. Lambert
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Rosendo-Chalma P, Antonio-Véjar V, Ortiz Tejedor JG, Ortiz Segarra J, Vega Crespo B, Bigoni-Ordóñez GD. The Hallmarks of Cervical Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms Induced by Human Papillomavirus. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:77. [PMID: 38392296 PMCID: PMC10886769 DOI: 10.3390/biology13020077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) and, specifically, high-risk HPVs (HR-HPVs) are identified as necessary factors in the development of cancer of the lower genital tract, with CaCU standing out as the most prevalent tumor. This review summarizes ten mechanisms activated by HR-HPVs during cervical carcinogenesis, which are broadly associated with at least seven of the fourteen distinctive physiological capacities of cancer in the newly established model by Hanahan in 2022. These mechanisms involve infection by human papillomavirus, cellular tropism, genetic predisposition to uterine cervical cancer (CaCU), viral load, viral physical state, regulation of epigenetic mechanisms, loss of function of the E2 protein, deregulated expression of E6/E7 oncogenes, regulation of host cell protein function, and acquisition of the mesenchymal phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Rosendo-Chalma
- Laboratorio de Virus y Cáncer, Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer of Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (IIB-UNAM), Mexico City 14080, Mexico
- Unidad Académica de Posgrado, Universidad Católica de Cuenca, Cuenca 010101, Ecuador
| | - Verónica Antonio-Véjar
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39090, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Jonnathan Gerardo Ortiz Tejedor
- Unidad Académica de Posgrado, Universidad Católica de Cuenca, Cuenca 010101, Ecuador
- Carrera de Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Católica de Cuenca, Cuenca 010101, Ecuador
| | - Jose Ortiz Segarra
- Carrera de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca 010107, Ecuador
| | - Bernardo Vega Crespo
- Carrera de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca 010107, Ecuador
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Ye Y, Li M, Yang W, Xu J, Wang X, Ma Y, Wu D, Meng Y. Characteristics of high-risk HPV infection in women with vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia in Beijing, China. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29267. [PMID: 38082564 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the characteristics of high-risk human papillomavirus (Hr-HPV) infection in different grades of vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VaIN). 7469 participants were involved in this study, of which 601 were diagnosed with VaIN, including single vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (s-VaIN, n = 369) and VaIN+CIN (n = 232), 3414 with single cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (s-CIN), 3446 with cervicitis or vaginitis and 8 with vaginal cancer. We got those results. First, the most popular HPV genotypes in VaIN were HPV16, 52, 58, 51, and 56. Second, our study showed that higher parity and older age were risk factors for VaIN3 (p < 0.005). Third, the median Hr-HPV load of VaIN+CIN (725) was higher than that of s-CIN (258) (p = 0.027), and the median Hr-HPV load increased with the grade of VaIN. In addition, the risk of VaIN3 was higher in women with single HPV16 infections (p = 0.01), but those with multiple HPV16 infections faced a higher risk of s-VaIN (p = 0.003) or VaIN+CIN (p = 0.01). Our results suggested that women with higher gravidity and parity, higher Hr-HPV load, multiple HPV16 infections, and perimenopause or menopause status faced a higher risk for VaIN, while those with higher parity, single HPV16 infections, and menopause status are more prone to VaIN3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Ye
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Mingxia Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the Seventh Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Yang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the Seventh Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Xu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the Seventh Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xueqi Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the Seventh Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yaqi Ma
- Department of Pathology, the First Medical Center of China, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanguang Meng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the Seventh Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Payano VJH, Lopes LVDA, Peixoto LR, Silva KAD, Ortiga-Carvalho TM, Tafuri A, Vago AR, Bloise E. Immunostaining of βA-Activin and Follistatin Is Decreased in HPV(+) Cervical Pre-Neoplastic and Neoplastic Lesions. Viruses 2023; 15:v15051031. [PMID: 37243119 DOI: 10.3390/v15051031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The activin-follistatin system regulates several cellular processes, including differentiation and tumorigenesis. We hypothesized that the immunostaining of βA-activin and follistatin varies in neoplastic cervical lesions. Cervical paraffin-embedded tissues from 162 patients sorted in control (n = 15), cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade 1 (n = 38), CIN2 (n = 37), CIN3 (n = 39), and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC; n = 33) groups were examined for βA-activin and follistatin immunostaining. Human papillomavirus (HPV) detection and genotyping were performed by PCR and immunohistochemistry. Sixteen samples were inconclusive for HPV detection. In total, 93% of the specimens exhibited HPV positivity, which increased with patient age. The most detected high-risk (HR)-HPV type was HPV16 (41.2%) followed by HPV18 (16%). The immunostaining of cytoplasmatic βA-activin and follistatin was higher than nuclear immunostaining in all cervical epithelium layers of the CIN1, CIN2, CIN3, and SCC groups. A significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the cytoplasmic and nuclear immunostaining of βA-activin was detected in all cervical epithelial layers from the control to the CIN1, CIN2, CIN3, and SCC groups. Only nuclear follistatin immunostaining exhibited a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in specific epithelial layers of cervical tissues from CIN1, CIN2, CIN3, and SCC compared to the control. Decreased immunostaining of cervical βA-activin and follistatin at specific stages of CIN progression suggests that the activin-follistatin system participates in the loss of the differentiation control of pre-neoplastic and neoplastic cervical specimens predominantly positive for HPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Jesus Huaringa Payano
- Laboratório de Patogênese Molecular, Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-910, MG, Brazil
| | - Lara Verônica de Araújo Lopes
- Laboratório de Patogênese Molecular, Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-910, MG, Brazil
| | - Larissa Rodrigues Peixoto
- Laboratório de Patogênese Molecular, Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-910, MG, Brazil
| | - Keila Alves da Silva
- Laboratório de Patogênese Molecular, Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-910, MG, Brazil
| | - Tania Maria Ortiga-Carvalho
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia Translacional, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Tafuri
- Laboratório de Anatomia Patológica Tafuri, Belo Horizonte 30170-133, MG, Brazil
| | - Annamaria Ravara Vago
- Laboratório de Patogênese Molecular, Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-910, MG, Brazil
| | - Enrrico Bloise
- Laboratório de Patogênese Molecular, Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-910, MG, Brazil
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Wang W, Spurgeon ME, Pope A, McGregor S, Ward-Shaw E, Gronski E, Lambert PF. Stress keratin 17 and estrogen support viral persistence and modulate the immune environment during cervicovaginal murine papillomavirus infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2214225120. [PMID: 36917668 PMCID: PMC10041145 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2214225120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A murine papillomavirus, MmuPV1, infects both cutaneous and mucosal epithelia of laboratory mice and can be used to model high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and HPV-associated disease. We have shown that estrogen exacerbates papillomavirus-induced cervical disease in HPV-transgenic mice. We have also previously identified stress keratin 17 (K17) as a host factor that supports MmuPV1-induced cutaneous disease. Here, we sought to test the role of estrogen and K17 in MmuPV1 infection and associated disease in the female reproductive tract. We experimentally infected wild-type and K17 knockout (K17KO) mice with MmuPV1 in the female reproductive tract in the presence or absence of exogenous estrogen for 6 mon. We observed that a significantly higher percentage of K17KO mice cleared the virus as opposed to wild-type mice. In estrogen-treated wild-type mice, the MmuPV1 viral copy number was significantly higher compared to untreated mice by as early as 2 wk postinfection, suggesting that estrogen may help facilitate MmuPV1 infection and/or establishment. Consistent with this, viral clearance was not observed in either wild-type or K17KO mice when treated with estrogen. Furthermore, neoplastic disease progression and cervical carcinogenesis were supported by the presence of K17 and exacerbated by estrogen treatment. Subsequent analyses indicated that estrogen treatment induces a systemic immunosuppressive state in MmuPV1-infected animals and that both estrogen and K17 modulate the local intratumoral immune microenvironment within MmuPV1-induced neoplastic lesions. Collectively, these findings suggest that estrogen and K17 act at multiple stages of papillomavirus-induced disease at least in part via immunomodulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53705
| | - Megan E. Spurgeon
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53705
| | - Ali Pope
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53705
| | - Stephanie McGregor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53705
| | - Ella Ward-Shaw
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53705
| | - Ellery Gronski
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53705
| | - Paul F. Lambert
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53705
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Voidăzan TS, Uzun CC, Kovacs Z, Rosznayai FF, Turdean SG, Budianu MA. The Hybrid Capture 2 Results in Correlation with the Pap Test, Sexual Behavior, and Characteristics of Romanian Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3839. [PMID: 36900850 PMCID: PMC10001103 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20053839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the major cause of cervical cancer (CC); hence, it is critical to understand the processes by which HPV infection causes squamous intraepithelial lesions, as well as the proper diagnostic tools. The objective of this study was to establish the correlations between Pap test results and Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2) tests findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study included 169 women between the ages of 30 and 64, who presented for consultation in gynecological clinics in both the public and the private sectors. These women reported symptoms, such as abnormal vaginal discharge and genital irritation, as well as early onset of sexual activity, multiple sexual partners, history of other sexually transmitted infections or high-risk sexual partners, immunosuppression, or tobacco smoking. Pap tests and HPV testing, using the HC2 method, were performed for the women enrolled in the study, including data gathered after patients completed questionnaires concerning their sexual behavior. RESULTS The HC2 method revealed that 66 patients (39.1%) tested positive for high-risk HPV types. Of the patients with positive results, 14 (21.2%) presented Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance (ASC-US) compared to 10 (9.7%) patients in the negative group (p = 0.042). Atypical Squamous Cells for which a high-grade lesion cannot be excluded (ASC-H) were identified primarily in women with positive HC2 (6.1%). HR-HPV positivity was substantially more associated with low-grade ASC-US or low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) and high-grade ASC-H cytology (OR = 2.53; 95% CI: 1.10-5.80, respectively, OR = 14.9; 95%CI: 1.006-34.59). Unmarried women (31.8%; p = 0.004) and women with multiple partners (over four partners, 10.6%; p = 0.03) were more likely to have an HPV infection when compared to married women and those with fewer sexual partners. CONCLUSIONS Understanding the epidemiology of HPV genital infections is essential for developing preventive measures against this infection and CC. Identifying the most prevalent HPV types, and determining the incidence of HPV oncogenic infections, in conjunction with Pap test results and sexual behavior information, can constitute part of an algorithm for the efficient management of cervical intraepithelial lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toader Septimiu Voidăzan
- Department of Epidemiology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Cosmina Cristina Uzun
- Department of Biochemistry, Environmental Chemistry, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Zsolt Kovacs
- Department of Biochemistry, Environmental Chemistry, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Florin Francisc Rosznayai
- Department of Obstetrics Gynecology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Sabin Gligore Turdean
- Department of Pathology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Mihaela-Alexandra Budianu
- Department of Epidemiology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
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8
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Wong TF, So PK, Yao ZP. Advances in rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 by mass spectrometry. Trends Analyt Chem 2022; 157:116759. [PMID: 36035092 PMCID: PMC9391230 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 has already been lasting for more than two years and it has been severely affecting the whole world. Still, detection of SARS-CoV-2 remains the frontline approach to combat the pandemic, and the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-based method is the well recognized detection method for the enormous analytical demands. However, the RT-PCR method typically takes a relatively long time, and can produce false positive and false negative results. Mass spectrometry (MS) is a very commonly used technique with extraordinary sensitivity, specificity and speed, and can produce qualitative and quantitative information of various analytes, which cannot be achieved by RT-PCR. Since the pandemic outbreak, various mass spectrometric approaches have been developed for rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2, including the LC-MS/MS approaches that could allow analysis of several hundred clinical samples per day with one MS system, MALDI-MS approaches that could directly analyze clinical samples for the detection, and efforts for the on-site detection with portable devices. In this review, these mass spectrometric approaches were summarized, and their pros and cons as well as further development were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsz-Fung Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Research Institute for Future Food and Research Center for Chinese Medicine Innovation, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation) and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Biological Safety Control, Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Pui-Kin So
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Research Institute for Future Food and Research Center for Chinese Medicine Innovation, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation) and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Biological Safety Control, Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Zhong-Ping Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Research Institute for Future Food and Research Center for Chinese Medicine Innovation, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation) and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Biological Safety Control, Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
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9
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Andersen K, Holm K, Tranberg M, Pedersen CL, Bønløkke S, Steiniche T, Andersen B, Stougaard M. Targeted Next Generation Sequencing for Human Papillomavirus Genotyping in Cervical Liquid-Based Cytology Samples. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:652. [PMID: 35158920 PMCID: PMC8833452 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, human papillomavirus (HPV) testing is replacing morphology-based cytology as the primary tool for cervical cancer screening in several countries. However, the HPV assays approved for screening lack detection for all but one of the possibly carcinogenic HPV types and do not genotype all included HPV types. This study demonstrates the use of a targeted HPV next generation sequencing (NGS) panel to detect and genotype all 25 carcinogenic, probably carcinogenic, and possibly carcinogenic HPV types as well as the low-risk types HPV6 and HPV11. The panel was validated using a cohort of 93 paired liquid-based cytology samples (general practitioner (GP)-collected cervical samples and cervico-vaginal self-samples (SS)). Overall, the targeted panel had a sensitivity (GP = 97.7%, SS = 92.1%) and specificity (GP = 98.0%, SS = 96.4%) similar to the commercial HPV assays, Cobas® 4800 HPV DNA test (Roche) and CLART® HPV4S assay (GENOMICA). Interestingly, of the samples that tested positive with the NGS panel, three (6.4%) of the GP-collected samples and four (9.1%) of the self-samples tested positive exclusively for HPV types only included in the NGS panel. Thus, targeted HPV sequencing has great potential to improve the HPV screening programs since, as shown here, it can identify additional HPV positive cases, cases with HPV integration, variants in the HPV genome, and which HPV type is dominant in multi-infected cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karoline Andersen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; (K.A.); (K.H.); (M.T.); (C.L.P.); (T.S.); (B.A.)
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark;
| | - Kasper Holm
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; (K.A.); (K.H.); (M.T.); (C.L.P.); (T.S.); (B.A.)
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark;
| | - Mette Tranberg
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; (K.A.); (K.H.); (M.T.); (C.L.P.); (T.S.); (B.A.)
- Department of Public Health Programmes, Randers Regional Hospital, University Research Clinic for Cancer Screening, 8930 Randers NØ, Denmark
| | - Cecilie Lebech Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; (K.A.); (K.H.); (M.T.); (C.L.P.); (T.S.); (B.A.)
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark;
| | - Sara Bønløkke
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark;
| | - Torben Steiniche
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; (K.A.); (K.H.); (M.T.); (C.L.P.); (T.S.); (B.A.)
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark;
| | - Berit Andersen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; (K.A.); (K.H.); (M.T.); (C.L.P.); (T.S.); (B.A.)
- Department of Public Health Programmes, Randers Regional Hospital, University Research Clinic for Cancer Screening, 8930 Randers NØ, Denmark
| | - Magnus Stougaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; (K.A.); (K.H.); (M.T.); (C.L.P.); (T.S.); (B.A.)
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark;
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Human papillomavirus (HPV) in pregnancy - An update. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2021; 264:340-348. [PMID: 34385080 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2021.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Human papilloma viruses (HPV) are small epitheliotropic DNA viruses, of which there are 200 genotypes, 40 of which are known to cause genital infections and are also oncogenic. HPV is the most common sexually transmitted infection. Clinical features vary from asymptomatic (identified at routine cervical cancer screening) to large lesions on the vulva, vagina, cervix and some extragenital sites. Its prevalence in pregnancy varies from 5.5% to 65% depending on age, geography and gestational age (increasing with gestational age). Infection in pregnancy has been associated with adverse outcomes such as spontaneous miscarriage, preterm birth, placental abnormalities and fetal growth restriction. However, the evidence for these adverse outcomes is varied. Besides being oncogenic (and thus associated with cancer of the cervix in pregnancy), vertical transmission to the fetus/neonate can cause neonatal infections, especially juvenile-onset recurrent oral and respiratory papillomatosis (JORRP). Where there are very large lesions on the vulva, delivery may be obstructed. Diagnosis in pregnancy is mainly by viral PCR or from the clinical appearance of the characteristic lesions on the vulva. Treatment is local by either surgical or laser excision or application of trichloroacetic acid. Podophyllin/podophyllotoxin is contraindicated in pregnancy. HPV Infection is not an indication for caesarean delivery as this has not been shown to prevent vertical transmission. For those diagnosed at routine cervical cancer screening, management should follow guidelines for cervical cancer screening in pregnancy. Vaccination is currently not recommended for pregnant women, although studies on those inadvertently vaccinated in pregnancy have not shown any adverse effects on either the fetus or mother.
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