1
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Wang Y, Dong Y, Luan T, Chen Y, Lin L, Li S, Feng D, Wei J, Fei Y, Wang G, Pan J, Wang Y, Zhong Z, Zhao W. TRIM56 restricts Coxsackievirus B infection by mediating the ubiquitination of viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 3D. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012594. [PMID: 39348396 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 10/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Coxsackievirus B (CVB) is the major causative pathogen for severe diseases such as viral myocarditis, meningitis, and pancreatitis. There is no effective antiviral therapy currently available for CVB infection primarily due to that the pathogenesis of CVB has not been completely understood. Viruses are obligate intracellular pathogens which subvert cellular processes to ensure viral replication. Dysregulation of ubiquitination has been implicated in CVB infection. However, how ubiquitination is involved in CVB infection remains unclear. Here we found that the 3D protein of CVB3, the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, was modified at by K48-linked polyubiquitination which promoted its degradation through proteasome. Proteomic analysis showed that the E3 ligase TRIM56 was upregulated in CVB3-infected cells, while the majority of TRIMs remained unchanged. Pull-down and immunoprecipitation analyses showed that TRIM56 interacted with CVB3 3D. Immunofluorescence observation showed that viral 3D protein was colocalized with TRIM56. TRIM56 overexpression resulted in enhanced ubiquitination of CVB3 3D and decreased virus yield. Moreover, TRIM56 was cleaved by viral 3C protease in CVB3-infected cells. Taken together, this study demonstrated that TRIM56 mediates the ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of the CVB3 3D protein. These findings demonstrate that TRIM56 is an intrinsic cellular restriction factor against CVB infection, and enhancing viral protein degradation could be a potential strategy to control CVB infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanyan Dong
- Department of Cell Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tian Luan
- Department of Cell Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lexun Lin
- Teaching Center of Pathogenic Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Siwei Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Danxiang Feng
- Department of Cell Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jianwei Wei
- Department of Cell Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanru Fei
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Guangtian Wang
- Teaching Center of Pathogenic Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiahui Pan
- Department of Cell Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhaohua Zhong
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenran Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Kamalova D, Akhmetova A, Amirgazin A, Sytnik I, Rudenko V, Yessimkhanova G, Bayesheva D, Yegorov S, Shevtsov A. Genetic Diversity of Human Enterovirus in Kazakhstan, during 2022. Int J Microbiol 2024; 2024:7796913. [PMID: 39224868 PMCID: PMC11368554 DOI: 10.1155/2024/7796913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Enteroviral infection is a common cause of aseptic meningitis, herpangina, and hand, foot, and mouth disease in children. Limited data are available on the enteroviral subtypes associated with hospitalization for these conditions in Kazakhstan. We collected cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and nasopharyngeal swabs (NSW) from children (N = 152, median age = 8 years) hospitalized with symptoms of aseptic meningitis (AM, N = 139) or herpangina (HA, N = 13) disease. We then genotyped enteroviral subtypes associated with AM (n = 50) and HA (n = 9) using next-generation sequencing (NGS) on the viral protein 1 (VP1), followed up by whole-genome sequencing of the isolated viral species. All identified EVs were species B EV, consisting of five echoviruses (E6, E9, E11, E21, and E25) and three coxsackieviruses (CVA9, CVB3, and CVB5) serotypes within the cohort. The most abundant EVs were CVA9 (38.5%), CVB5 (21.5%), and E6 (13.8%). Most HA samples (6/9) were genotyped with coxsackievirus CVA9, while AM was associated with a variety of both echovirus and coxsackievirus serotypes. The results suggest that coxsackievirus CVA9 may be the dominant serotype circulating in the HA population, while AM is more diverse in terms of circulating echovirus and coxsackievirus serotypes. Further studies are needed to determine the clinical implications of these findings and to investigate potential differences in disease severity or outcomes associated with different EV serotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinara Kamalova
- National Center for Biotechnology, Astana, Kazakhstan
- L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | | | | | - Igor Sytnik
- National Center for Biotechnology, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | | | | | | | - Sergey Yegorov
- National Center for Biotechnology, Astana, Kazakhstan
- Department of BiologySchool of Sciences and HumanitiesNazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
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3
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Deng H, Li Y, He X, Wang H, Wang S, Zhang H, Zhu J, Gu L, Li R, Wang G. An intranasal attenuated Coxsackievirus B3 vaccine induces strong systemic and mucosal immunity against CVB3 lethal challenge. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29831. [PMID: 39072815 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) triggers viral myocarditis, with no effective vaccine yet. This fecal-oral transmitted pathogen has prompted interest in mucosal immunization strategies to impede CVB3 spread. We developed a new attenuated vaccine strain, named CVB3(mu). The potential of CVB3(mu) to stimulate mucosal immune protection remains to be elucidated. This study evaluates the attenuation characteristics of CVB3(mu) via a rapid evolution cellular model and RNA sequencing. Its temperature sensitivity and safety were evaluated through in vitro and in vivo experiments. The mucosal immunity protection of CVB3(mu) was assessed via intranasal immunization in Balb/c mice. The results indicate that CVB3(mu) exhibits temperature sensitivity and forms smaller plaques. It sustains fewer genetic mutations and still possesses certain attenuated traits up to the 25th passage, in comparison to CVB3(WT). Intranasal immunization elicited a significant serum neutralizing antibodies, and a substantial sIgA response in nasal washes. In vivo trials revealed CVB3(mu) protection in adult mice and passive protection in suckling mice against lethal CVB3(WT) challenges. In conclusion, CVB3(mu), a live attenuated intranasal vaccine, provides protection involving humoral and mucosal immunity, making it a promising candidate to control CVB3 spread and infection.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Immunity, Mucosal
- Administration, Intranasal
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Enterovirus B, Human/immunology
- Vaccines, Attenuated/immunology
- Vaccines, Attenuated/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Coxsackievirus Infections/immunology
- Coxsackievirus Infections/prevention & control
- Viral Vaccines/immunology
- Viral Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Mice
- Immunoglobulin A, Secretory/immunology
- Humans
- Female
- Disease Models, Animal
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixiong Deng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yanlei Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Xuanting He
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Haoyang Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Shenmiao Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Hengyao Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Jiacheng Zhu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Liming Gu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Gefei Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
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4
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Shen L, Wang Y, Liu C, Alateng W, Wang Y, Zeeck A, Wang W, Zhang P, Wei Y, Cai X. Genome-Driven Discovery of Antiviral Atralabdans A-C from the Soil-Dwelling Streptomyces atratus. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2024; 87:1735-1745. [PMID: 38976838 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.4c00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Heterologous expression of an atr terpenoid gene cluster derived from Streptomyces atratus Gö66 in S. albus J1074 led to the discovery of three novel labdane diterpenoids featuring an unprecedented 6/6/5-fused tricyclic skeleton, designated as atralabdans A-C (1-3), along with a known compound, labdanmycin A. Compounds 1-3 were identified through extensive spectroscopic analysis, including NMR calculations with DP4+ probability analysis, and a comparative assessment of experimental and theoretical electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. A plausible biosynthetic pathway for these compounds was proposed. Compounds 1-3 exhibited inhibitory activity against the human neurotropic coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3); 1 was the most potent, surpassing the positive control ribavirin with a higher therapeutic index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Shen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengxin Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Wula Alateng
- Sino-German Biomedical Center, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Axel Zeeck
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen 37073, Germany
| | - Weiguang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650031, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhong Wei
- Sino-German Biomedical Center, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Cai
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, Beijing 100700, People's Republic of China
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5
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Ga YJ, Go YY, Yeh JY. Coding-complete genome sequence and phylogenetic analysis of Coxsackievirus B3 isolated from South Korea. Microbiol Resour Announc 2024; 13:e0116023. [PMID: 38780263 PMCID: PMC11237580 DOI: 10.1128/mra.01160-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Whole-genome sequencing of a Coxsackievirus B3 strain isolated from the stool of a febrile patient with aseptic meningoencephalitis, South Korea, in 2002 was performed. This strain exhibits a high nucleotide sequence identity with various strains circulating in China from 2001 to 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ji Ga
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Yun Young Go
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung-Yong Yeh
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, South Korea
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Janse van Rensburg M, Mans J, Mafuyeka RT, Strydom KA, Myburgh M, van Zyl WB. Diversity of enteroviruses in cerebrospinal fluid specimens collected from hospitalised patients in the private and public sector in South Africa. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29514. [PMID: 38488486 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Enteroviruses cause a wide range of neurological illnesses such as encephalitis, meningitis, and acute flaccid paralysis. Two types of enteroviruses, echovirus E4 and E9, have recently been detected in South Africa and are known to be associated with meningitis and encephalitis. The objective of this study was to characterize enterovirus strains detected in cerebrospinal fluid specimens of hospitalized patients in the private and public sector to identify genotypes associated with meningitis and encephalitis. From January 2019 to June 2021 enterovirus positive nucleic acid samples were obtained from a private (n = 116) and a public sector (n = 101) laboratory. These enteroviruses were typed using a nested set of primers targeting the VP1 region of the enterovirus genome, followed by Sanger sequencing and BLASTn analysis. Forty-two percent (91/217) of the strains could be genotyped. Enterovirus B species was the major species detected in 95% (86/91) of the specimens, followed by species C in 3% (3/91) and species A in 2% (2/91) of the specimens. Echovirus E4 and E9 were the two major types identified in this study and were detected in 70% (64/91) and in 10% (9/91) of specimens, respectively. Echovirus E11 has previously been identified in sewage samples from South Africa, but this study is the first to report Echovirus E11 in cerebrospinal fluid specimens from South African patients. The genotypes identified during this study are known to be associated with encephalitis and meningitis. The predominant detection of echovirus E4 followed by E9 corresponds with other studies conducted in South Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janet Mans
- Department of Medical Virology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Rendani T Mafuyeka
- Department of Medical Virology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- National Health Laboratory Service, Tshwane Academic Division, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | | | - Walda B van Zyl
- Department of Medical Virology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- National Health Laboratory Service, Tshwane Academic Division, Pretoria, South Africa
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7
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Song JH, Mun SH, Yang H, Kwon YS, Kim SR, Song MY, Ham Y, Choi HJ, Baek WJ, Cho S, Ko HJ. Antiviral Mechanisms of Saucerneol from Saururus chinensis against Enterovirus A71, Coxsackievirus A16, and Coxsackievirus B3: Role of Mitochondrial ROS and the STING/TKB-1/IRF3 Pathway. Viruses 2023; 16:16. [PMID: 38275951 PMCID: PMC10821076 DOI: 10.3390/v16010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus A71 (EV71), coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16), and coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) are pathogenic members of the Picornaviridae family that cause a range of diseases, including severe central nervous system complications, myocarditis, and pancreatitis. Despite the considerable public health impact of these viruses, no approved antiviral treatments are currently available. In the present study, we confirmed the potential of saucerneol, a compound derived from Saururus chinensis, as an antiviral agent against EV71, CVA16, and CVB3. In the in vivo model, saucerneol effectively suppressed CVB3 replication in the pancreas and alleviated virus-induced pancreatitis. The antiviral activity of saucerneol is associated with increased mitochondrial ROS (mROS) production. In vitro inhibition of mROS generation diminishes the antiviral efficacy of saucerneol. Moreover, saucerneol treatment enhanced the phosphorylation of STING, TBK-1, and IRF3 in EV71- and CVA16-infected cells, indicating that its antiviral effects were mediated through the STING/TBK-1/IRF3 antiviral pathway, which was activated by increased mROS production. Saucerneol is a promising natural antiviral agent against EV71, CVA16, and CVB3 and has potential against virus-induced pancreatitis and myocarditis. Further studies are required to assess its safety and efficacy, which is essential for the development of effective antiviral strategies against these viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hyoung Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.S.); (S.-H.M.); (H.Y.); (M.-y.S.)
- Kangwon Institute of Inclusive Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Hyeon Mun
- Department of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.S.); (S.-H.M.); (H.Y.); (M.-y.S.)
| | - Heejung Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.S.); (S.-H.M.); (H.Y.); (M.-y.S.)
| | - Yong Soo Kwon
- Department of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.S.); (S.-H.M.); (H.Y.); (M.-y.S.)
| | - Seong-Ryeol Kim
- Division of Acute Viral Diseases, Centers for Emerging Virus Research, National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea;
| | - Min-young Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.S.); (S.-H.M.); (H.Y.); (M.-y.S.)
| | - Youngwook Ham
- Nucleic Acid Therapeutics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (KUST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Jung Choi
- Department of Beauty Art, Youngsan University, 142 Bansong Beltway, Busan 48015, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.C.); (W.-J.B.)
| | - Won-Jin Baek
- Department of Beauty Art, Youngsan University, 142 Bansong Beltway, Busan 48015, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.C.); (W.-J.B.)
| | - Sungchan Cho
- Nucleic Acid Therapeutics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (KUST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jeong Ko
- Department of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.S.); (S.-H.M.); (H.Y.); (M.-y.S.)
- Kangwon Institute of Inclusive Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
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8
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Li W, Song J, Xu J, Wang H, Duan H, Zhang Y, Xu W, Fan H, Zhang Y. Phylogenetic characteristics and recombination analysis of echovirus 5 associated with severe acute respiratory infection in China. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0171123. [PMID: 37819138 PMCID: PMC10714939 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01711-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE This study is the first report of echovirus 5 (E5) associated with severe acute respiratory infection and obtained the first E5 whole-genome sequence in China. Combined with the sequences available in the GenBank database, the first genotyping, phylogenetic characteristics, recombination, and genetic evolutionary analysis of E5 was performed in this study. Our findings providing valuable information on global E5 molecular epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxia Li
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jinhua Song
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Institute of Expanded Immunization Programme, Henan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huiling Wang
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hongjian Duan
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Wenbo Xu
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Fan
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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9
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Zhu P, Ji W, Li D, Li Z, Chen Y, Dai B, Han S, Chen S, Jin Y, Duan G. Current status of hand-foot-and-mouth disease. J Biomed Sci 2023; 30:15. [PMID: 36829162 PMCID: PMC9951172 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-023-00908-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) is a viral illness commonly seen in young children under 5 years of age, characterized by typical manifestations such as oral herpes and rashes on the hands and feet. These symptoms typically resolve spontaneously within a few days without complications. Over the past two decades, our understanding of HFMD has greatly improved and it has received significant attention. A variety of research studies, including epidemiological, animal, and in vitro studies, suggest that the disease may be associated with potentially fatal neurological complications. These findings reveal clinical, epidemiological, pathological, and etiological characteristics that are quite different from initial understandings of the illness. It is important to note that HFMD has been linked to severe cardiopulmonary complications, as well as severe neurological sequelae that can be observed during follow-up. At present, there is no specific pharmaceutical intervention for HFMD. An inactivated Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) vaccine that has been approved by the China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA) has been shown to provide a high level of protection against EV-A71-related HFMD. However, the simultaneous circulation of multiple pathogens and the evolution of the molecular epidemiology of infectious agents make interventions based solely on a single agent comparatively inadequate. Enteroviruses are highly contagious and have a predilection for the nervous system, particularly in child populations, which contributes to the ongoing outbreak. Given the substantial impact of HFMD around the world, this Review synthesizes the current knowledge of the virology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, therapy, sequelae, and vaccine development of HFMD to improve clinical practices and public health efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyu Zhu
- grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 China
| | - Wangquan Ji
- grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 China
| | - Dong Li
- grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 China
| | - Zijie Li
- grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 China
| | - Yu Chen
- grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 China
| | - Bowen Dai
- grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 China
| | - Shujie Han
- grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 China
| | - Shuaiyin Chen
- grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 China
| | - Yuefei Jin
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Guangcai Duan
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China. .,Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
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