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Lodz NA, Mat Tamizi NF, Abd Mutalip MH, Ganapathy SS, Lin CZ, Ismail R, Ahmad NA. Anti-S Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Four Types of Vaccines in Malaysia. Asia Pac J Public Health 2024; 36:96-103. [PMID: 38166431 DOI: 10.1177/10105395231223332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Monitoring SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels can provide insights into a person's immunity to COVID-19 and inform decisions about vaccination and public health measures. Anti-S may be useful as an indicator of an effective immune response. Thus, we conducted this study that aimed to determine the immune response of anti-S antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 for all the vaccine types over time among adult recipients in Malaysia and to determine the associated factors. This study was a cohort that recruited 2513 respondents aged 18 years and above from June to December 2021. Each participant was followed-up for 1-year period from the initial vaccine dose (baseline). We found that the anti-S antibody generally increased for all vaccine types and peaked at two weeks after the second dose vaccination, with Pfizer recipients having the highest median of 100 (100.00-100.00). During the third-month follow-up, the seropositivity of anti-S antibody and the median level decreased for all vaccines. We found that type of vaccines, comorbid status, infection, and booster status were significantly associated with the anti-S antibody level after one year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Aliza Lodz
- Institute for Public Health, National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam, Malaysia
| | | | - Mohd Hatta Abd Mutalip
- Institute for Public Health, National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam, Malaysia
| | - Shubash Shander Ganapathy
- Institute for Public Health, National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam, Malaysia
| | - Chong Zhuo Lin
- Institute for Public Health, National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam, Malaysia
| | - Rohani Ismail
- Vaccine-Borne Disease Sector, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Noor Ani Ahmad
- Institute for Public Health, National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam, Malaysia
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Liu LT, Chiou SS, Chen PC, Chen CH, Lin PC, Tsai CY, Chuang WL, Hwang SJ, Chong IW, Tsai JJ. Epidemiology and analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants BA.1 and 2 in Taiwan. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16583. [PMID: 37789031 PMCID: PMC10547678 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43357-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Omicron variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), first detected in October 2021, possessed many mutations compared to previous variants. We aimed to identify and analyze SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants among coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients between January 2022 and September 2022 in Taiwan. The results revealed that BA.2.3.7, featuring K97E and G1251V in the spike protein compared with BA.2, emerged in March 2022 and persistently dominated between April 2022 and August 2022, resulting in the largest COVID-19 outbreak since 2020. The accumulation of amino acid (AA) variations, mainly AA substitution, in the spike protein was accompanied by increasing severity in Omicron-related COVID-19 between April 2022 and January 2023. Older patients were more likely to have severe COVID-19, and comorbidity was a risk factor for COVID-19-related mortality. The accumulated case fatality rate (CFR) dropped drastically after Omicron variants, mainly BA.2.3.7, entered Taiwan after April 2022, and the CFR was 0.16% in Taiwan, which was lower than that worldwide (0.31%) between April 2021 and January 2023. The relatively low CFR in Omicron-related COVID-19 patients can be attributed to adjustments to public health policies, promotion of vaccination programs, effective antiviral drugs, and the lower severity of the Omicron variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Teh Liu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Technology, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Shin Chiou
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- Center of Applied Genomics, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chih Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hong Chen
- National Mosquito-Borne Diseases Control Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Chang Lin
- Tropical Medicine Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yi Tsai
- Tropical Medicine Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Long Chuang
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Jyh Hwang
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Inn-Wen Chong
- Department of Internal Medicine and Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Jih-Jin Tsai
- Tropical Medicine Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, No. 100, Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung City, 80756, Taiwan.
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Megasari NLA, Yamani LN, Juniastuti J, Lusida MI, Mori Y. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike IgG antibody among COVID-19 vaccinated individuals residing in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16142. [PMID: 37780375 PMCID: PMC10538276 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To limit the SARS-CoV-2 transmission, the Indonesian government launched a COVID-19 vaccination program in January 2021. Studies on the clinical treatment and implementation of COVID-19 vaccination have shown promising results; however, it is necessary to estimate the effectiveness of the vaccines. With the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, studies have highlighted the impact of COVID-19 vaccines, especially CoronaVac, on Indonesian healthcare workers. To get a better picture of how the vaccines work in Indonesia, it is necessary to estimate the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 anti-S IgG antibody induced by the COVID-19 vaccine in individuals who have already received two-to-three doses of vaccines. Materials and Methods Four-hundred and ninety-six whole-blood samples were collected from participants residing in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia, who received a minimum of a two-dose COVID-19 vaccine. Serums were then isolated from the blood and subjected to detect SARS-CoV-2 anti-S IgG antibodies using a lateral flow immunochromatographic assay. Results The prevalence of positive anti-S-IgG antibodies was 91.7% (455/496) in all participants receiving a minimum of a two-dose COVID-19 vaccine. As many as 209 (85.3%) and 141 (96.6%) participants were seropositive for receiving CoronaVac and AstraZeneca, respectively. Meanwhile, all participants receiving two-dose CoronaVac with one booster dose of Moderna (105/100%) were seropositive (p < 0.05). Age, comorbidity, and time after the last vaccine were significantly correlated with seropositivity (p < 0.05). Conclusion Different vaccines might produce different antibody responses. Adopting a stronger policy regarding the administration of booster doses might be beneficial to elicit positive anti-S-IgG antibodies, especially among older individuals, those with comorbid diseases, and those with a longer time after the second vaccination dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Luh Ayu Megasari
- Postgraduate School, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
- Indonesia-Japan Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Laura Navika Yamani
- Indonesia-Japan Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Juniastuti Juniastuti
- Indonesia-Japan Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Maria Inge Lusida
- Indonesia-Japan Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Yasuko Mori
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
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Huang CT, Lee CP, Chen TY, Liu YC, Cho SF, Du JS, Yu ML, Huang CF, Wang SF, Hsiao HH. Serological Responses and Predictive Factors of Booster COVID-19 Vaccines in Patients with Hematologic Malignancies. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5647. [PMID: 37685720 PMCID: PMC10488979 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12175647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with hematologic malignancies are reported to have a more severe course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and be less responsive to vaccination. In this prospective study, we aimed to evaluate the serological responses to booster COVID-19 vaccines of Taiwanese patients with hematologic malignancies and identify potential predictive markers for effective neutralizing immunity. This study enrolled 68 patients with hematologic malignancies and 68 age- and gender-matched healthy control subjects who received three doses of vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from 1 January 2022 to 31 October 2022. The SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) spike antibody level was measured with the Abbott assay. The effective neutralization capacity was defined as an anti-spike IgG level of ≥4160 AU/mL. Among the 68 patients with hematologic malignancies, 89.7% achieved seroconversion after booster doses. Seven patients with actively treated lymphoma remained seronegative and had the lowest humoral responses among patients with different types of hematologic malignancies. Despite comparable antibody titers between patients and healthy individuals, rates of effective neutralization (66.2% vs. 86.8%, respectively; p = 0.005) were significantly reduced in patients with hematologic malignancies. In a multivariate analysis, the independent predictors for effective neutralization were a lack of B-cell-targeted agents within six months of vaccination (odds ratio, 15.2; 95% confidence interval, 2.7-84.2; p = 0.002) and higher immunoglobulin levels (odds ratio, 4.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.3-14.7; p = 0.017). In conclusion, the majority of patients with hematologic malignancies achieved seroconversion after booster vaccination. Patients with ongoing B-cell depletion and hypogammaglobinemia were identified as having negative predictive markers for effective neutralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Tzu Huang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-T.H.); (C.-P.L.); (Y.-C.L.); (S.-F.C.); (J.-S.D.)
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ping Lee
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-T.H.); (C.-P.L.); (Y.-C.L.); (S.-F.C.); (J.-S.D.)
| | - Tzu-Yin Chen
- Department of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Chang Liu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-T.H.); (C.-P.L.); (Y.-C.L.); (S.-F.C.); (J.-S.D.)
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Feng Cho
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-T.H.); (C.-P.L.); (Y.-C.L.); (S.-F.C.); (J.-S.D.)
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Shiun Du
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-T.H.); (C.-P.L.); (Y.-C.L.); (S.-F.C.); (J.-S.D.)
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Lung Yu
- Division of Hepatobiliary, Department of Internal Medicine and Hepatitis Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (M.-L.Y.); (C.-F.H.)
- School of Medicine and Doctoral Program of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medicine and Center of Excellence for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Feng Huang
- Division of Hepatobiliary, Department of Internal Medicine and Hepatitis Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (M.-L.Y.); (C.-F.H.)
- Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University and Academia Sinica, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Fan Wang
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Hua Hsiao
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-T.H.); (C.-P.L.); (Y.-C.L.); (S.-F.C.); (J.-S.D.)
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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Lin TY, Hung SC. Frailty and Humoral Immune Responses Following COVID-19 Vaccination among Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis. J Nutr Health Aging 2023; 27:980-986. [PMID: 37997719 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-023-1994-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with end-stage kidney disease who are undergoing dialysis have reduced immune responses to COVID-19 vaccination. Frailty is extremely common among dialysis patients and may contribute to the impaired immunogenicity. This study aimed to determine the association between frailty and humoral immune responses following COVID-19 vaccination in hemodialysis patients. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS Adult hemodialysis patients without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection who received a priming dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, an adenovirus-vectored vaccine, were assessed for eligibility. Participants were categorized as robust, pre-frail, or frail using the Fried frailty criteria. Humoral responses were assessed 28 days after vaccination by measuring titers of anti-spike IgG antibodies. The primary outcome was anti-spike antibody seroconversion, defined as antibody levels ≥50 AU/mL. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models were used to assess the association between frailty status and the primary outcome. RESULTS A total of 206 participants (mean age 67 ± 13 years, 50% women) were included in the study, of whom 50 (24%) were characterized as frail, 86 (42%) were characterized as pre-frail, and 70 (34%) were characterized as robust. Anti-spike antibody levels were progressively lower with more advanced stages of frailty (P <0.001). Compared with robust patients, a significantly smaller proportion of pre-frail and frail patients developed anti-spike antibody seroconversion (87%, 66%, and 40%, respectively; P <0.001). Frailty was associated with the absence of humoral responses after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, diabetes, coronary artery disease, serum albumin, and lymphocyte count (OR=0.25; 95% CI, 0.08-0.80). CONCLUSIONS Frailty is independently associated with impaired humoral responses following COVID-19 vaccination among hemodialysis patients. Strategies aimed at preventing or attenuating frailty in the dialysis population are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- T-Y Lin
- Szu-Chun Hung, Division of Nephrology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, 289, Jianguo Road, Xindian District, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan. E-mail:
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