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Danielsen PH, Poulsen SS, Knudsen KB, Clausen PA, Jensen KA, Wallin H, Vogel U. Physicochemical properties of 26 carbon nanotubes as predictors for pulmonary inflammation and acute phase response in mice following intratracheal lung exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 107:104413. [PMID: 38485102 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) vary in physicochemical properties which makes risk assessment challenging. Mice were pulmonary exposed to 26 well-characterized CNTs using the same experimental design and followed for one day, 28 days or 3 months. This resulted in a unique dataset, which was used to identify physicochemical predictors of pulmonary inflammation and systemic acute phase response. MWCNT diameter and SWCNT specific surface area were predictive of lower and higher neutrophil influx, respectively. Manganese and iron were shown to be predictive of higher neutrophil influx at day 1 post-exposure, whereas nickel content interestingly was predictive of lower neutrophil influx at all three time points and of lowered acute phase response at day 1 and 3 months post-exposure. It was not possible to separate effects of properties such as specific surface area and length in the multiple regression analyses due to co-variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernille Høgh Danielsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA), 105 Lersø Parkallé, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Sarah Søs Poulsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA), 105 Lersø Parkallé, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Kristina Bram Knudsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA), 105 Lersø Parkallé, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Per Axel Clausen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA), 105 Lersø Parkallé, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Keld Alstrup Jensen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA), 105 Lersø Parkallé, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Håkan Wallin
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Pb 5330 Majorstuen, Oslo 0304, Norway; Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, Copenhagen K DK-1014, Denmark
| | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA), 105 Lersø Parkallé, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; DTU Food, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Anker Engelunds Vej 1, Lyngby DK-2800 Kgs, Denmark.
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2
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Visani de Luna LA, Loret T, He Y, Legnani M, Lin H, Galibert AM, Fordham A, Holme S, Del Rio Castillo AE, Bonaccorso F, Bianco A, Flahaut E, Kostarelos K, Bussy C. Pulmonary Toxicity of Boron Nitride Nanomaterials Is Aspect Ratio Dependent. ACS NANO 2023; 17:24919-24935. [PMID: 38051272 PMCID: PMC10753895 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Boron nitride (BN) nanomaterials have drawn a lot of interest in the material science community. However, extensive research is still needed to thoroughly analyze their safety profiles. Herein, we investigated the pulmonary impact and clearance of two-dimensional hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) nanosheets and boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) in mice. Animals were exposed by single oropharyngeal aspiration to h-BN or BNNTs. On days 1, 7, and 28, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids and lungs were collected. On one hand, adverse effects on lungs were evaluated using various approaches (e.g., immune response, histopathology, tissue remodeling, and genotoxicity). On the other hand, material deposition and clearance from the lungs were assessed. Two-dimensional h-BN did not cause any significant immune response or lung damage, although the presence of materials was confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. In addition, the low aspect ratio h-BN nanosheets were internalized rapidly by phagocytic cells present in alveoli, resulting in efficient clearance from the lungs. In contrast, high aspect ratio BNNTs caused a strong and long-lasting inflammatory response, characterized by sustained inflammation up to 28 days after exposure and the activation of both innate and adaptive immunity. Moreover, the presence of granulomatous structures and an indication of ongoing fibrosis as well as DNA damage in the lung parenchyma were evidenced with these materials. Concurrently, BNNTs were identified in lung sections for up to 28 days, suggesting long-term biopersistence, as previously demonstrated for other high aspect ratio nanomaterials with poor lung clearance such as multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Overall, we reveal the safer toxicological profile of BN-based two-dimensional nanosheets in comparison to their nanotube counterparts. We also report strong similarities between BNNTs and MWCNTs in lung response, emphasizing their high aspect ratio as a major driver of their toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Augusto Visani de Luna
- Nanomedicine
Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science
Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K.
- National
Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K.
- Lydia
Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology,
Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester,
Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K.
| | - Thomas Loret
- Nanomedicine
Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science
Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K.
- National
Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K.
- Lydia
Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology,
Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester,
Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K.
| | - Yilin He
- CNRS,
Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR 3572, University
of Strasbourg, ISIS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Morgan Legnani
- CIRIMAT,
Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Toulouse INP, CNRS, Université
de Toulouse, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France
| | - Hazel Lin
- CNRS,
Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR 3572, University
of Strasbourg, ISIS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Anne Marie Galibert
- CIRIMAT,
Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Toulouse INP, CNRS, Université
de Toulouse, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France
| | - Alexander Fordham
- Nanomedicine
Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science
Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K.
- National
Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K.
- Lydia
Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology,
Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester,
Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K.
| | - Sonja Holme
- Nanomedicine
Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science
Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K.
- National
Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K.
- Lydia
Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology,
Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester,
Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K.
| | | | - Francesco Bonaccorso
- BeDimensional
S.p.A., Lungo Torrente
Secca 30r, 16163 Genoa, Italy
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, Graphene Laboratories, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Alberto Bianco
- CNRS,
Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR 3572, University
of Strasbourg, ISIS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Emmanuel Flahaut
- CIRIMAT,
Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Toulouse INP, CNRS, Université
de Toulouse, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France
| | - Kostas Kostarelos
- Nanomedicine
Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science
Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K.
- National
Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K.
- Catalan
Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST,, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cyrill Bussy
- Nanomedicine
Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science
Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K.
- National
Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K.
- Lydia
Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology,
Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester,
Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K.
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3
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Loret T, de Luna LAV, Lucherelli MA, Fordham A, Lozano N, Bianco A, Kostarelos K, Bussy C. Lung Persistence, Biodegradation, and Elimination of Graphene-Based Materials are Predominantly Size-Dependent and Mediated by Alveolar Phagocytes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2301201. [PMID: 37264768 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Graphene-based materials (GBMs) have promising applications in various sectors, including pulmonary nanomedicine. Nevertheless, the influence of GBM physicochemical characteristics on their fate and impact in lung has not been thoroughly addressed. To fill this gap, the biological response, distribution, and bio-persistence of four different GBMs in mouse lungs up to 28 days after single oropharyngeal aspiration are investigated. None of the GBMs, varying in size (large versus small) and carbon to oxygen ratio as well as thickness (few-layers graphene (FLG) versus thin graphene oxide (GO)), induce a strong pulmonary immune response. However, recruited neutrophils internalize nanosheets better and degrade GBMs faster than macrophages, revealing their crucial role in the elimination of small GBMs. In contrast, large GO sheets induce more damages due to a hindered degradation and long-term persistence in macrophages. Overall, small dimensions appear to be a leading feature in the design of safe GBM pulmonary nanovectors due to an enhanced degradation in phagocytes and a faster clearance from the lungs for small GBMs. Thickness also plays an important role, since decreased material loading in alveolar phagocytes and faster elimination are found for FLGs compared to thinner GOs. These results are important for designing safer-by-design GBMs for biomedical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Loret
- Nanomedicine Lab 2.0, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
- National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Luis Augusto Visani de Luna
- Nanomedicine Lab 2.0, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
- National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Matteo Andrea Lucherelli
- CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR 3572, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Alexander Fordham
- Nanomedicine Lab 2.0, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
- National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Neus Lozano
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Alberto Bianco
- CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR 3572, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Kostas Kostarelos
- Nanomedicine Lab 2.0, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
- National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Cyrill Bussy
- Nanomedicine Lab 2.0, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
- National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
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Fadeel B, Sayre P. Don't sweat the small stuff: a conversation about nanosafety. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2023; 5:1254748. [PMID: 37692901 PMCID: PMC10484722 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2023.1254748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bengt Fadeel and Phil Sayre discuss lessons learned with respect to the safety assessment of nanomaterials, and provide a perspective on current and future challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bengt Fadeel
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Phil Sayre
- nanoRisk Analytics LLC, Auburn, CA, United States
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Erdem JS, Závodná T, Ervik TK, Skare Ø, Hron T, Anmarkrud KH, Kuśnierczyk A, Catalán J, Ellingsen DG, Topinka J, Zienolddiny-Narui S. High aspect ratio nanomaterial-induced macrophage polarization is mediated by changes in miRNA levels. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1111123. [PMID: 36776851 PMCID: PMC9911541 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1111123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Inhalation of nanomaterials may induce inflammation in the lung which if left unresolved can manifest in pulmonary fibrosis. In these processes, alveolar macrophages have an essential role and timely modulation of the macrophage phenotype is imperative in the onset and resolution of inflammatory responses. This study aimed to investigate, the immunomodulating properties of two industrially relevant high aspect ratio nanomaterials, namely nanocellulose and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), in an alveolar macrophage model. Methods MH-S alveolar macrophages were exposed at air-liquid interface to cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), cellulose nanofibers (CNF) and two MWCNT (NM-400 and NM-401). Following exposure, changes in macrophage polarization markers and secretion of inflammatory cytokines were analyzed. Furthermore, the potential contribution of epigenetic regulation in nanomaterial-induced macrophage polarization was investigated by assessing changes in epigenetic regulatory enzymes, miRNAs, and rRNA modifications. Results Our data illustrate that the investigated nanomaterials trigger phenotypic changes in alveolar macrophages, where CNF exposure leads to enhanced M1 phenotype and MWCNT promotes M2 phenotype. Furthermore, MWCNT exposure induced more prominent epigenetic regulatory events with changes in the expression of histone modification and DNA methylation enzymes as well as in miRNA transcript levels. MWCNT-enhanced changes in the macrophage phenotype were correlated with prominent downregulation of the histone methyltransferases Kmt2a and Smyd5 and histone deacetylases Hdac4, Hdac9 and Sirt1 indicating that both histone methylation and acetylation events may be critical in the Th2 responses to MWCNT. Furthermore, MWCNT as well as CNF exposure led to altered miRNA levels, where miR-155-5p, miR-16-1-3p, miR-25-3p, and miR-27a-5p were significantly regulated by both materials. PANTHER pathway analysis of the identified miRNA targets showed that both materials affected growth factor (PDGF, EGF and FGF), Ras/MAPKs, CCKR, GnRH-R, integrin, and endothelin signaling pathways. These pathways are important in inflammation or in the activation, polarization, migration, and regulation of phagocytic capacity of macrophages. In addition, pathways involved in interleukin, WNT and TGFB signaling were highly enriched following MWCNT exposure. Conclusion Together, these data support the importance of macrophage phenotypic changes in the onset and resolution of inflammation and identify epigenetic patterns in macrophages which may be critical in nanomaterial-induced inflammation and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Samulin Erdem
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway,*Correspondence: Johanna Samulin Erdem,
| | - Táňa Závodná
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine, the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | | | - Øivind Skare
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tomáš Hron
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czechia
| | | | - Anna Kuśnierczyk
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway,Proteomics and Modomics Experimental Core Facility and St. Olavs Hospital Central Staff, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Julia Catalán
- Department of Work Safety, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland,Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Genetics, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Jan Topinka
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine, the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
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Di Cristo L, Ude VC, Tsiliki G, Tatulli G, Romaldini A, Murphy F, Wohlleben W, Oomen AG, Pompa PP, Arts J, Stone V, Sabella S. Grouping of orally ingested silica nanomaterials via use of an integrated approach to testing and assessment to streamline risk assessment. Part Fibre Toxicol 2022; 19:68. [PMID: 36461106 PMCID: PMC9719179 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-022-00508-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nanomaterials can exist in different nanoforms (NFs). Their grouping may be supported by the formulation of hypotheses which can be interrogated via integrated approaches to testing and assessment (IATA). IATAs are decision trees that guide the user through tiered testing strategies (TTS) to collect the required evidence needed to accept or reject a grouping hypothesis. In the present paper, we investigated the applicability of IATAs for ingested NFs using a case study that includes different silicon dioxide, SiO2 NFs. Two oral grouping hypotheses addressing local and systemic toxicity were identified relevant for the grouping of these NFs and verified through the application of oral IATAs. Following different Tier 1 and/or Tier 2 in vitro methods of the TTS (i.e., in vitro dissolution, barrier integrity and inflammation assays), we generated the NF datasets. Furthermore, similarity algorithms (e.g., Bayesian method and Cluster analysis) were utilized to identify similarities among the NFs and establish a provisional group(s). The grouping based on Tier 1 and/or Tier 2 testing was analyzed in relation to available Tier 3 in vivo data in order to verify if the read-across was possible and therefore support a grouping decision. RESULTS The measurement of the dissolution rate of the silica NFs in the oro-gastrointestinal tract and in the lysosome identified them as gradually dissolving and biopersistent NFs. For the local toxicity to intestinal epithelium (e.g. cytotoxicity, membrane integrity and inflammation), the biological results of the gastrointestinal tract models indicate that all of the silica NFs were similar with respect to the lack of local toxicity and, therefore, belong to the same group; in vivo data (although limited) confirmed the lack of local toxicity of NFs. For systemic toxicity, Tier 1 data did not identify similarity across the NFs, with results across different decision nodes being inconsistent in providing homogeneous group(s). Moreover, the available Tier 3 in vivo data were also insufficient to support decisions based upon the obtained in vitro results and relating to the toxicity of the tested NFs. CONCLUSIONS The information generated by the tested oral IATAs can be effectively used for similarity assessment to support a grouping decision upon the application of a hypothesis related to toxicity in the gastrointestinal tract. The IATAs facilitated a structured data analysis and, by means of the expert's interpretation, supported read-across with the available in vivo data. The IATAs also supported the users in decision making, for example, reducing the testing when the grouping was well supported by the evidence and/or moving forward to advanced testing (e.g., the use of more suitable cellular models or chronic exposure) to improve the confidence level of the data and obtain more focused information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisana Di Cristo
- grid.25786.3e0000 0004 1764 2907D3 PharmaChemistry, Nanoregulatory Group, Italian Institute of Technology, Via Morego, 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Victor C. Ude
- grid.9531.e0000000106567444Nano Safety Research Group, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS UK
| | - Georgia Tsiliki
- grid.19843.370000 0004 0393 5688Institute for the Management of Information Systems, Athena Research Center, Marousi, Greece
| | - Giuseppina Tatulli
- grid.25786.3e0000 0004 1764 2907Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Morego, 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Alessio Romaldini
- grid.25786.3e0000 0004 1764 2907D3 PharmaChemistry, Nanoregulatory Group, Italian Institute of Technology, Via Morego, 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Fiona Murphy
- grid.9531.e0000000106567444Nano Safety Research Group, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS UK
| | - Wendel Wohlleben
- grid.3319.80000 0001 1551 0781Department Material Physics and Department of Experimental Toxicology & Ecology, BASF SE, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Agnes G. Oomen
- grid.31147.300000 0001 2208 0118National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands ,grid.7177.60000000084992262Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pier P. Pompa
- grid.25786.3e0000 0004 1764 2907Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Morego, 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Vicki Stone
- grid.9531.e0000000106567444Nano Safety Research Group, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS UK
| | - Stefania Sabella
- grid.25786.3e0000 0004 1764 2907D3 PharmaChemistry, Nanoregulatory Group, Italian Institute of Technology, Via Morego, 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
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7
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Kodali V, Roberts JR, Glassford E, Gill R, Friend S, Dunn KL, Erdely A. Understanding toxicity associated with boron nitride nanotubes: Review of toxicity studies, exposure assessment at manufacturing facilities, and read-across. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH 2022; 37:4620-4638. [PMID: 37193295 PMCID: PMC10174278 DOI: 10.1557/s43578-022-00796-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Boron nitride nanotubes (BNNT) are produced by many different methods leading to variances in physicochemical characteristics and impurities in the final product. These differences can alter the toxicity profile. The importance of understanding the potential pathological implications of this high aspect ratio nanomaterial is increasing as new approaches to synthesize and purify in large scale are being developed. In this review, we discuss the various factors of BNNT production that can influence its toxicity followed by summarizing the toxicity findings from in vitro and in vivo studies conducted to date, including a review of particle clearance observed with various exposure routes. To understand the risk to workers and interpret relevance of toxicological findings, exposure assessment at manufacturing facilities was discussed. Workplace exposure assessment of BNNT from two manufacturing facilities measured boron concentrations in personal breathing zones from non-detectable to 0.95 μg/m3 and TEM structure counts of 0.0123 ± 0.0094 structures/cm3, concentrations well below what was found with other engineered high aspect ratio nanomaterials like carbon nanotubes and nanofibers. Finally, using a purified BNNT, a "read-across" toxicity assessment was performed to demonstrate how known hazard data and physicochemical characteristics can be utilized to evaluate potential inhalation toxicity concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vamsi Kodali
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1000 Frederick Lane (MS-2015), Morgantown, WV 26508, USA
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Jenny R. Roberts
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1000 Frederick Lane (MS-2015), Morgantown, WV 26508, USA
| | - Eric Glassford
- Division of Field Studies and Engineering, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA
| | - Ryan Gill
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1000 Frederick Lane (MS-2015), Morgantown, WV 26508, USA
| | - Sherri Friend
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1000 Frederick Lane (MS-2015), Morgantown, WV 26508, USA
| | - Kevin L. Dunn
- Division of Field Studies and Engineering, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA
| | - Aaron Erdely
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1000 Frederick Lane (MS-2015), Morgantown, WV 26508, USA
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
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