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Mahmoud AA, Zayed Mohamed M, Hassen EZ. Protective effects of Urtica dioica on the cerebral cortex damage induced by Potassium bromate in adult male albino rats. Ultrastruct Pathol 2024; 48:81-93. [PMID: 38017656 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2023.2287664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Potassium bromate is used in cheese production, beer making and is also used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic. It is a proven carcinogen as it is a strong oxidizing agent that generates free radicals during xenobiotic metabolism. Urtica dioica (Ud) (from the plants' family of Urticaceae) is a plant that has long been used as a medicinal plant in many parts of the world. It has been shown to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and immunosuppressive properties. So, this study aimed to clarify the effect of Potassium bromate on the histological structure of cerebral cortex of adult male albino rats, evaluate the possible protective role of Urtica dioica. Thirty adult healthy male albino rats were divided into three groups; group I (Control group), group II (KBrO3 treated group). Group III (KBrO3 and Urtica dioica treated group).At the end of the experiment, rats in all groups were anesthetized and specimens were processed for light and electron microscope. Morphometric and statistical analyses were also performed. Nerve cells of the treated group showed irregular contours, dark nuclei, irregular nuclear envelopes, dilated RER cisternae, and mitochondria with ruptured cristae. Vacuolated neuropil was also observed. Immunohistochemically, stained sections for GFAP showed strong positive reaction in the processes of astrocytes. Recovery group showed revealed nearly the same as the histological picture as the control group. In conclusion, potassium bromate induces degenerative effects on neurons of cerebral cortex and urtica dioica provide an important neuroprotective effects against these damaging impacts through their antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer A Mahmoud
- Department of Medical Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Maha Zayed Mohamed
- Department of Medical Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ebtehal Z Hassen
- Department of Medical Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Umer M, Nisa MU, Ahmad N, Rahim MA, Al-Asmari F. Effects of different levels of dried onion powder on nutrient digestibility, biochemical parameters, and nitrogen balance in Wistar albino rats with induced hyperuricemia. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1273286. [PMID: 38111897 PMCID: PMC10725973 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1273286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Onions (Allium cepa L.) are excellent sources of bioactive compounds and phytochemicals such as allicin, quercetin, fisetin, and other sulfurous compounds. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate the effects of dried onion powder on growth performance, nitrogen balance, and biochemical parameters in Wistar albino rats with induced hyperuricemia. Methods: A total of 24 rats were randomly divided into four groups, with six in each group: HU (positive control) and HOT1, HOT2, and HOT3 groups, which received a diet containing onion powder at concentrations of 11.13, 14.84, and 18.61 g/100 g, respectively. Hyperuricemia was induced in rats by administering a new formulation intraperitoneally (250 mg/kg potassium oxonate) and orally (40 mg/kg potassium bromate) daily for 14 days. After confirmation of hyperuricemia induction, rats were fed with onion-treated diets with various concentrations of quercetin for 21 days. Results: Significant decreases (p ≤ 0.05) in serum uric acid, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein were observed. An increasing trend (p ≤ 0.05) in the levels of hemoglobin (Hb), white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), and platelet count was observed. An improvement in the levels of serum high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, serum total protein and neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes was observed. A positive progress (p ≤ 0.05) was observed in growth performance and nutrient digestibility. Conclusion: In conclusion, a significantly lower uric acid level was observed in rats fed with HOT2 diet. Based on the ratio of the surface area (human/rat), the best recommended dose of onion for the incidence and prevention of hyperuricemia is 189.95 g, corresponding to the dose of 204 mg/day of quercetin in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Umer
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Mahr Un Nisa
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Nazir Ahmad
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Abdul Rahim
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, Times Institute, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Fahad Al-Asmari
- Department of Food and Nutrition Sciences, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
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Alhazza IM, Hassan I, Ebaid H, Al-Tamimi J, Hasan Z. Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Blunt Potassium-Bromate-Induced Renal Toxicity by Reinforcing the Redox System. Molecules 2023; 28:5084. [PMID: 37446744 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Potassium bromate (PB) is a general food additive, a significant by-product during water disinfection, and a carcinogen (Class II B). The compound emits toxicity depending on the extent of its exposure and dose through consumable items. The current study targeted disclosing the ameliorative efficacy of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) prepared by green technology in PB-exposed Swiss albino rats. The rats were separated into six treatment groups: control without any treatment (Group I), PB alone (Group II), ZnO alone (Group III), ZnO NP alone (Group IV), PB + ZnO (Group V), and PB + ZnO NPs (Group VI). The blood and kidney samples were retrieved from the animals after following the treatment plan and kept at -20 °C until further analysis. Contrary to the control (Group I), PB-treated rats (Group II) exhibited a prominent trend in alteration in the established kidney function markers and disturbed redox status. Further, the analysis of the tissue and nuclear DNA also reinforced the biochemical results of the same treatment group. Hitherto, Groups III and IV also showed moderate toxic insults. However, Group VI showed a significant improvement from the PB-induced toxic insults compared to Group II. Hence, the present study revealed the significant therapeutic potential of the NPs against PB-induced nephrotoxicity in vivo, pleading for their usage in medicines having nephrotoxicity as a side effect or in enhancing the safety of the industrial use of PB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim M Alhazza
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iftekhar Hassan
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hossam Ebaid
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jameel Al-Tamimi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zafrul Hasan
- College of Nursing, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Akkoyun HT, Uyar A, Bayramoglu Akkoyun M, Bengü AŞ, Melek Ş, Karagözoğlu F, Aydın S, Ekin S, Erdem SA. The protective effect of arbutin against potassium bromate-induced oxidative damage in the rat brain. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23248. [PMID: 36284482 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of arbutin (ARB) against brain injury induced in rats with potassium bromate (KBrO3 ). The rats were divided into four groups as Group 1: Control (0.9% NaCl ml/kg/day p.), Group 2: KBrO3 (100 mg/kg (gavage), Group 3: ARB (50 mg/kg/day p.), and Group 4: KBrO3 + ARB (100 mg/kg (gavage) + 50 mg/kg/day p.). At the end of the fifth day of the study, the rats in all groups were killed, and their brain tissues were collected. In the collected brain tissues, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) levels were measured, and routine histopathological examinations were made. The MDA levels in the group that was exposed to KBrO3 were significantly higher than those in the control group (p ˂ 0.001). In comparison to the KBrO3 group, the MDA levels in the KBrO3 + ARB group were significantly lower (p ˂ 0.001). It was observed that SOD and CAT enzyme activity levels were significantly lower in the KBrO3 group compared to the control group (p ˂ 0.001), while these levels were significantly higher in the KBrO3 + ARB group than in the KBrO3 group (p ˂ 0.001). Additionally, the group that was subjected to KBrO3 toxicity, as well as ARB administration, had much lower levels of histopathologic signs than the group that was subjected to KBrO3 toxicity only. Consequently, it was found that KBrO3 exposure led to injury in the brain tissues of the rats, and using ARB was effective in preventing this injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Turan Akkoyun
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Uyar
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | | | - Aydın Şükrü Bengü
- Department of Medical Services and Technics, Vocational School of Health, Bingöl University, Bingöl, Turkey
| | - Şule Melek
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bingöl University, Bingöl, Turkey
| | - Fatma Karagözoğlu
- Department of Zootechnique and Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bingöl University, Bingöl, Turkey
| | - Sevinç Aydın
- Çemişgezek Vocational School, Munzur University, Tunceli, Turkey
| | - Suat Ekin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van, Turkey
| | - Sinem Aslan Erdem
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Ncheuveu Nkwatoh T, Fon TP, Navti LK. Potassium bromate in bread, health risks to bread consumers and toxicity symptoms amongst bakers in Bamenda, North West Region of Cameroon. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13146. [PMID: 36747561 PMCID: PMC9898660 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the occurrence of potassium bromate in bread, its overall health risks to bread consumers, and its toxicity symptoms amongst bakers in Bamenda. Thirteen bakeries were included in a cross-sectional survey to gather information about the quantities of bread produced and the symptoms of potassium-bromated toxicity experienced by bakers during baking. The concentration of potassium bromate in the most consumed bread types was determined using a spectrophotometric method. The hazard quotient and hazard ratio were computed for each bread type to determine its chemical and carcinogenic risks. Results showed that all bakers had experienced symptoms of potassium bromate toxicity, and painful eyes, cough, diarrhea, and sore throat were the most recurrent symptoms of toxicity. The concentration of potassium bromate in all bread samples (100%) ranged from 48.50 mg/kg to 10148.50 mg/kg, exceeding the maximum acceptable limits by 9-203 times the dose (50 mg/kg) recommended by Food and Drug Administration. There was no significant difference (p = 0.109) in potassium bromate concentration between bread types, and simple bread, milk bread, and French bread had the highest concentration of potassium bromate. The chronic hazard quotient ranged from 277.93 to 2459.36, and the hazard ratio ranged from 251434.30 to 32862.86, indicative of possible chemical and carcinogenic risks after prolonged regular consumption. From the hazard ratios, the chances of having cancer from an average daily consumption of either simple bread or milk bread, or French bread are approximately 290,000 in 1,000,000 or 220,000 in 1,000,000 or 190,000 in 1,000,000. Thus regulatory authorities need to monitor, control or prohibit the use of potassium bromate as a flour additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therese Ncheuveu Nkwatoh
- Department of Microbiology, Catholic University of Cameroon (CATUC), Bamenda P.O. 782, Big Mankon, Bamenda, North West Region, Cameroon
- Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Science, University of Dschang (CRESA Forêt-Bois), Cameroon
| | - Tayebatu Percline Fon
- Department of Biochemistry, Catholic University of Cameroon (CATUC), Bamenda P.O. 782, Big Mankon, Bamenda, North West Region, Cameroon
| | - Lifoter Kenneth Navti
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Bamenda (UBa), P.O. Box 39, Bambili, North West Region, Cameroon
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Röhl C, Batke M, Damm G, Freyberger A, Gebel T, Gundert-Remy U, Hengstler JG, Mangerich A, Matthiessen A, Partosch F, Schupp T, Wollin KM, Foth H. New aspects in deriving health-based guidance values for bromate in swimming pool water. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:1623-1659. [PMID: 35386057 PMCID: PMC9095538 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03255-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Bromate, classified as a EU CLP 1B carcinogen, is a typical by-product of the disinfection of drinking and swimming pool water. The aim of this study was (a) to provide data on the occurrence of bromate in pool water, (b) to re-evaluate the carcinogenic MOA of bromate in the light of existing data, (c) to assess the possible exposure to bromate via swimming pool water and (d) to inform the derivation of cancer risk-related bromate concentrations in swimming pool water. Measurements from monitoring analysis of 229 samples showed bromate concentrations in seawater pools up to 34 mg/L. A comprehensive non-systematic literature search was done and the quality of the studies on genotoxicity and carcinogenicity was assessed by Klimisch criteria (Klimisch et al., Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 25:1-5, 1997) and SciRAP tool (Beronius et al., J Appl Toxicol, 38:1460-1470, 2018) respectively. Benchmark dose (BMD) modeling was performed using the modeling average mode in BMDS 3.1 and PROAST 66.40, 67 and 69 (human cancer BMDL10; EFSA 2017). For exposure assessment, data from a wide range of sources were evaluated for their reliability. Different target groups (infants/toddlers, children and adults) and exposure scenarios (recreational, sport-active swimmers, top athletes) were considered for oral, inhalation and dermal exposure. Exposure was calculated according to the frequency of swimming events and duration in water. For illustration, cancer risk-related bromate concentrations in pool water were calculated for different target groups, taking into account their exposure using the hBMDL10 and a cancer risk of 1 in 100,000. Convincing evidence was obtained from a multitude of studies that bromate induces oxidative DNA damage and acts as a clastogen in vitro and in vivo. Since statistical modeling of the available genotoxicity data is compatible with both linear as well as non-linear dose-response relationships, bromate should be conservatively considered to be a non-threshold carcinogen. BMD modeling with model averaging for renal cancer studies (Kurokawa et al., J Natl. Cancer Inst, 1983 and 1986a; DeAngelo et al., Toxicol Pathol 26:587-594, 1998) resulted in a median hBMDL10 of 0.65 mg bromate/kg body weight (bw) per day. Evaluation of different age and activity groups revealed that top athletes had the highest exposure, followed by sport-active children, sport-active adults, infants and toddlers, children and adults. The predominant route of exposure was oral (73-98%) by swallowing water, followed by the dermal route (2-27%), while the inhalation route was insignificant (< 0.5%). Accepting the same risk level for all population groups resulted in different guidance values due to the large variation in exposure. For example, for an additional risk of 1 in 100,000, the bromate concentrations would range between 0.011 for top athletes, 0.015 for sport-active children and 2.1 mg/L for adults. In conclusion, the present study shows that health risks due to bromate exposure by swimming pool water cannot be excluded and that large differences in risk exist depending on the individual swimming habits and water concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Röhl
- Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology for Natural Scientists, Christiana Albertina University Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
- Department of Environmental Health Protection, State Agency for social Services (LAsD) Schleswig-Holstein, Neumünster, Germany.
| | - M Batke
- University Emden/Leer, Emden, Germany
| | - G Damm
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Visceral Transplantation, University Hospital, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - A Freyberger
- Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, RED-PCD-TOX-P&PC Clinical Pathology, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - T Gebel
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Dortmund, Germany
| | - U Gundert-Remy
- Institute for Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charité Berlin, Germany
| | - J G Hengstler
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - A Mangerich
- Molecular Toxicology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - A Matthiessen
- Central Unit for Environmental Hygiene, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel, Germany
| | - F Partosch
- Department of Toxicology, Fraunhofer-Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Hannover, Germany
| | - T Schupp
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Applied Science Muenster, Steinfurt, Germany
| | - K M Wollin
- Formerly Public Health Agency of Lower Saxony, Hannover, Germany
| | - H Foth
- Institute of Environmental Toxicology, University of Halle, Halle/Saale, Germany
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Protective Effects of Green Tea Supplementation against Lead-Induced Neurotoxicity in Mice. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030993. [PMID: 35164259 PMCID: PMC8839307 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The use of natural products as therapeutic agents is rapidly growing recently. In the current study, we investigated the protective effects of green tea supplementation on lead-induced toxicity in mice. Forty albino mice were divided into four groups as follows: A: control group; B: green tea receiving group; C: lead-intoxicated group; and D: lead-intoxicated group supplemented with green tea. At the end of the experiment, the animals were tested for neurobehavioral and biochemical alterations. Green tea was analyzed through Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. We found that supplementation with green tea ameliorated the lead-associated increase in body weight and blood glucose. Green tea supplementation also changed the blood picture that was affected due to lead toxicity and ameliorated lead-induced dyslipidemia. The group of mice that were supplemented with green tea has shown positive alterations in locomotory, anxiety, memory, and learning behaviors. The GC/MS analysis revealed many active ingredients among which the two most abundant were caffeine and 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, mono(2-ethylhexyl) ester. We concluded that green tea supplementation has several positive effects on the lead-induced neurotoxicity in mice and that these effects may be attributed to its main two active ingredients.
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Li X, Lin L, Chiang WH, Chang K, Xu H. Microplasma synthesized gold nanoparticles for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopic detection of methylene blue. REACT CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1re00446h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a powerful and sensitive spectroscopic technique that allows for rapid detection of trace-level chemical species in a non-invasive and non-destructive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanhe Li
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangliang Lin
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Nanodevices of Jiangsu Province, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Hung Chiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
| | - Kuan Chang
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Hujun Xu
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
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Abdel-Latif AS, Abu-Risha SE, Bakr SM, EL-Kholy WM, EL-Sawi MR. Potassium bromate-induced nephrotoxicity and potential curative role of metformin loaded on gold nanoparticles. Sci Prog 2021; 104:368504211033703. [PMID: 34293965 PMCID: PMC10358642 DOI: 10.1177/00368504211033703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Potassium bromate (KBrO3) is classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as a carcinogenic compound, where it causes renal tumors. The present study investigated the potential curative effect of metformin loaded on gold nanoparticles (MET AuNPs) in attenuating KBrO3-induced nephrotoxicity. Rats were divided into eight groups (control, MET, AuNPs, MET AuNPs, KBrO3, KBrO3/MET, KBrO3/AuNPS, and KBrO3/MET AuNPs). KBrO3 administration resulted in a significant elevation in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total protein (TP), albumin (Alb), total bilirubin (TB), direct bilirubin (DB), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), creatinine, urea, uric acid. Also, KBrO3 significantly increased renal malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PC), and nitric oxide (NO) levels and reduced the activities of antioxidant molecules superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and Reduced glutathione (GSH). It also caused damaged DNA spots in comet assay and increased inflammatory IL-6 and apoptotic markers (caspase 3, Bax) while antiapoptotic Bcl-2 was significantly reduced. MET, AuNPS, MET AuNPS reduced the extent of renal damage induced by KBrO3 as indicated by decreased (AST, ALT, ALP, Alb, TP, TB, DB, creatinine, urea, uric, Lipid profile). MET, AuNPS, MET AuNPS showed a good curative effect against KBrO3-induced nephrotoxicity and MET AuNPS group showed better results compared with monotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S Abdel-Latif
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Sally E Abu-Risha
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Samaa M Bakr
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr el-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Wafaa M EL-Kholy
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mamdouh R EL-Sawi
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Mahmud SS, Moni M, Imran AB, Foyez T. Analysis of the suspected cancer-causing potassium bromate additive in bread samples available on the market in and around Dhaka City in Bangladesh. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:3752-3757. [PMID: 34262734 PMCID: PMC8269585 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bread is one of the most popular foods consumed worldwide. It is a very popular foodstuff consumed in almost every house in Bangladesh as breakfast. Bread is prepared predominantly from flour to meet the daily carbohydrate demand and enhances its overall nutrition value using various ingredients. Potassium bromate (KBrO3) is an alluring additive to improve bread quality by bread makers. But due to the well-known toxic and carcinogenic effect, certain levels of KBrO3 residue are not suitable for bread, and it is therefore forbidden in many countries. The key objective of this study is to evaluate the safety status of bread in Dhaka City and its proximity to Bangladesh. Twenty-one randomly collected bread samples were tested in this study from different bakeries or shops in and around Dhaka City. The levels of KBrO3 were analyzed spectrophotometrically, and the maximum concentration found in the bread sample was 9.29 μg/g. A total of 67% of collected bread samples showed elevated levels of KBrO3 relative to the allowable amount prescribed by various Food and Drug Administration worldwide. KBrO3 is toxic to consumers and could endanger their health over continuous regular consumption and thus need to be monitored strictly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Sadman Mahmud
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of Health and Life SciencesNorth South UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | - Mukta Moni
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of Health and Life SciencesNorth South UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | - Abu Bin Imran
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of EngineeringBangladesh University of Engineering and TechnologyDhakaBangladesh
| | - Tahmina Foyez
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of Health and Life SciencesNorth South UniversityDhakaBangladesh
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The Alleviative Effect of Vitamin B 2 on Potassium Bromate-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Male Rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:8274261. [PMID: 32802879 PMCID: PMC7415125 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8274261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Potassium bromate (PB) is a food enhancer, water disinfection by-product, and a proven carcinogen. It elicits toxicities in the living organism due to exposure and in a dose-dependent manner. The present study discourses the ameliorative efficacy of riboflavin (RF) in PB-administered rodents. The animals were distributed into five treatment groups: control (group I), PB alone (group II, 150 mg/kg), RF alone (group III, 2 mg/kg), PB+RF1 (group IV, 150 mg/kg + 2 mg/kg), and PB+RF2 (group V, 150 mg/kg + 4 mg/kg). After the round of the treatment, the animals were sacrificed to collect their blood and liver samples for the detailed analysis. Group II depicted perturbed liver functions evidenced by altered serum and toxicity markers along with the disturbed redox balance. Also, these biochemical results were found harmonious with histopathological analysis and comet assay. However, group III showed no noticeable alteration in the same parameters, whereas the combination groups (IV and V) exhibited dose-dependent amelioration in the PB-induced toxicities. Interestingly, RF favored apoptosis concomitant with suppressing the necrosis in the PB-challenged groups, as shown by the activity of caspase-3 and lactate dehydrogenase. Histopathological analysis and comet assay further consolidate these results. Hence, RF has significant alleviative property against PB-induced hepatotoxicity in vivo that can be used in the consumer items containing the toxicant.
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Concilio SC, Zhekova HR, Noskov SY, Russell SJ. Inter-species variation in monovalent anion substrate selectivity and inhibitor sensitivity in the sodium iodide symporter (NIS). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229085. [PMID: 32084174 PMCID: PMC7034854 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The sodium iodide symporter (NIS) transports iodide, which is necessary for thyroid hormone production. NIS also transports other monovalent anions such as tetrafluoroborate (BF4-), pertechnetate (TcO4-), and thiocyanate (SCN-), and is competitively inhibited by perchlorate (ClO4-). However, the mechanisms of substrate selectivity and inhibitor sensitivity are poorly understood. Here, a comparative approach was taken to determine whether naturally evolved NIS proteins exhibit variability in their substrate transport properties. The NIS proteins of thirteen animal species were initially assessed, and three species from environments with differing iodide availability, freshwater species Danio rerio (zebrafish), saltwater species Balaenoptera acutorostrata scammoni (minke whale), and non-aquatic mammalian species Homo sapiens (human) were studied in detail. NIS genes from each of these species were lentivirally transduced into HeLa cells, which were then characterized using radioisotope uptake assays, 125I- competitive substrate uptake assays, and kinetic assays. Homology models of human, minke whale and zebrafish NIS were used to evaluate sequence-dependent impact on the organization of Na+ and I- binding pockets. Whereas each of the three proteins that were analyzed in detail concentrated iodide to a similar degree, their sensitivity to perchlorate inhibition varied significantly: minke whale NIS was the least impacted by perchlorate inhibition (IC50 = 4.599 μM), zebrafish NIS was highly sensitive (IC50 = 0.081 μM), and human NIS showed intermediate sensitivity (IC50 = 1.566 μM). Further studies with fifteen additional substrates and inhibitors revealed similar patterns of iodide uptake inhibition, though the degree of 125I- uptake inhibition varied with each compound. Kinetic analysis revealed whale NIS had the lowest Km-I and the highest Vmax-I. Conversely, zebrafish NIS had the highest Km and lowest Vmax. Again, human NIS was intermediate. Molecular modeling revealed a high degree of conservation in the putative ion binding pockets of NIS proteins from different species, which suggests the residues responsible for the observed differences in substrate selectivity lie elsewhere in the protein. Ongoing studies are focusing on residues in the extracellular loops of NIS as determinants of anion specificity. These data demonstrate significant transport differences between the NIS proteins of different species, which may be influenced by the unique physiological needs of each organism. Our results also identify naturally-existing NIS proteins with significant variability in substrate transport kinetics and inhibitor sensitivity, which suggest that the affinity and selectivity of NIS for certain substrates can be altered for biotechnological and clinical applications. Further examination of interspecies differences may improve understanding of the substrate transport mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna C. Concilio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Hristina R. Zhekova
- Centre for Molecular Simulation, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sergei Y. Noskov
- Centre for Molecular Simulation, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Stephen J. Russell
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
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Shanmugavel V, Komala Santhi K, Kurup AH, Kalakandan S, Anandharaj A, Rawson A. Potassium bromate: Effects on bread components, health, environment and method of analysis: A review. Food Chem 2019; 311:125964. [PMID: 31865111 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Potassium bromate, is an oxidizing agent and one of the best and cheapest dough improvers in the baking industry. Due to its positive effects it plays a major role in the bread-making industry. Potassium bromate has significant effect on food biomolecules, such as starch and protein, as it affects the extent of gelatinization, viscosity, swelling characteristics as well as gluten proteins; it removes the sulfhydryl group and leads to the formation of disulfide linkages and thus improves the bread properties. However, there are many reports elucidating its negative impact on human health. It is deemed as a potential human carcinogen by IARC and classified under class 2B. Due to this, countries across world have either partially or completely banned it. Numerous techniques have evolved to determine the concentration of potassium bromate in bread. This review explains in detail, the effects of potassium bromate on biomolecules, human health, environment and various methods of analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venu Shanmugavel
- Department of Food Safety and Quality Testing, Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kotturu Komala Santhi
- Department of Food Safety and Quality Testing, Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anjali H Kurup
- Department of Food Safety and Quality Testing, Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sureshkumar Kalakandan
- Department of Food Safety and Quality Testing, Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arunkumar Anandharaj
- Department of Food Safety and Quality Testing, Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ashish Rawson
- Department of Food Safety and Quality Testing, Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India.
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14
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Hassan I, Husain FM, Khan RA, Ebaid H, Al-Tamimi J, Alhazza IM, Aman S, Ibrahim KE. Ameliorative effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles against potassium bromate-mediated toxicity in Swiss albino rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:9966-9980. [PMID: 30739294 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04443-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Potassium bromate (PB) is a commonly used food additive, a prominent water disinfection by-product, and a class IIB carcinogen. It exerts a various degree of toxicity depending on its dose and exposure duration consumed with food and water in the living organisms. The present investigation aims to demonstrate the protective efficacy of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) derived from Ochradenus arabicus (OA) leaf extract by green technology in PB-challenged Swiss albino rats. The rodents were randomly distributed, under the lab-standardized treatment strategy, into the following six treatment groups: control (group I), PB alone (group II), ZnO alone (group III), ZnO NP alone (group IV), PB + ZnO (group V), and PB + ZnO NPs (group VI). The rats were sacrificed after completion of the treatment, and their blood and liver samples were collected for further analysis. Group II showed extensive toxic effects with altered liver function markers (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, glutathione-S-transferase, and thioredoxin reductase) and compromised redox status (SOD, CAT, GR, GPx, GSH, MDA, and total carbonyl content). The histopathological analysis and comet assay further supported the biochemical results of the same group. Besides, group III also showed moderate toxicity evidenced by an alteration in most of the studied parameters while group IV demonstrated mild toxicity after biochemical analysis indicating the excellent biocompatibility of the NPs. However, group VI exhibited attenuation of the PB-induced toxic insults to a significant level as compared to group II, whereas group V failed to show similar improvement in the studied parameters. All these findings entail that the ZnO NPs prepared by green synthesis have significant ameliorative property against PB-induced toxicity in vivo. Moreover, administration of the NPs improved the overall health of the treated animals profoundly. Hence, these NPs have significant therapeutic potential against the toxic effects of PB and similar compounds in vivo, and they are suitable to be used at the clinical and industrial levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iftekhar Hassan
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Building 05, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fohad Mabood Husain
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rais Ahmad Khan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hossam Ebaid
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Building 05, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jameel Al-Tamimi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Building 05, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim M Alhazza
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Building 05, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shazia Aman
- Department of Biochemistry, J N Medical College and Hospital, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Khalid Elfaki Ibrahim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Building 05, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Allam AA, Othman SI, Mahmoud AM. Deleterious effects of perinatal exposure to potassium bromate on the development of offspring of Swiss mice. Toxicol Ind Health 2019; 35:63-78. [PMID: 30803421 DOI: 10.1177/0748233718814971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the impact of perinatal potassium bromate (KBrO3) exposure on the development of sensorimotor reflexes and redox status, and on the histological architecture of the brain, liver, and kidney of newborn mice. Pregnant mice received 1-ml bottled drinking water daily by oral intubation and served as the control group. Another group of pregnant mice were supplemented orally with 200 mg/kg body weight KBrO3 dissolved in drinking water from gestation day 5 to postnatal day 21. KBrO3 induced a decrease in the postnatal body weight in the newborn mice. KBrO3-exposed newborn mice showed poor performance and delayed development of the sensorimotor reflexes. Histological changes, increased lipid peroxidation, and altered antioxidants were reported in the cerebrum, cerebellum, medulla oblongata, liver, and kidney of the KBrO3-exposed newborn mice. In conclusion, these findings demonstrated that perinatal exposure to bromate induced oxidative stress, histological and behavioral alterations, and was a potential teratogen in newborn mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Allam
- 1 Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Sarah I Othman
- 2 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman M Mahmoud
- 1 Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Ali BH, Za’abi MA, Karaca T, Suleimani YA, Balushi KAA, Manoj P, Ashique M, Nemmar A. Potassium bromate-induced kidney damage in rats and the effect of gum acacia thereon. Am J Transl Res 2018; 10:126-137. [PMID: 29422999 PMCID: PMC5801352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Potassium bromate (KBrO3) is used in many countries in cosmetic and food industries. In this work, we investigated in male Sprague-Dawley rats, the effect of four graded oral doses of KBrO3 (5, 15, 45 and 135 mg/kg/day for 28 days) on renal function tests, inflammation, oxidative damage, and apoptosis, as well as on histopathology, using several traditional and novel renal injury biomarkers in plasma, urine and renal tissues. We also tested the possible ameliorative action of the renoprotective prebiotic agent gum acacia (GA) on the actions of KBrO3 when given concomitantly with it in the drinking water at a concentration of 15%w/v. Taken together, the results indicated that treatment with KBrO3 at the 45 and 135 mg/kg doses caused a significant dose-dependent nephrotoxicity, as evident by the measured renal structural and functional indices and biomarkers of toxicity. GA co-treatment significantly abated most of the indices and biomarkers of the renal toxicity caused by KBrO3, suggesting a beneficial effect and its possible inclusion in edible products where KBrO3 is still used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badreldin H Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos UniversityAl Khoudh, Oman
| | - Mohammed Al Za’abi
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos UniversityAl Khoudh, Oman
| | - Turan Karaca
- Department of Histology-Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Trakya, Balkan Campus22030, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Yousuf Al Suleimani
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos UniversityAl Khoudh, Oman
| | - Khalid A Al Balushi
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos UniversityAl Khoudh, Oman
| | - Priyadarsini Manoj
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos UniversityAl Khoudh, Oman
| | - Mohammed Ashique
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos UniversityAl Khoudh, Oman
| | - Abderrahim Nemmar
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Altoom NG, Ajarem J, Allam AA, Maodaa SN, Abdel-Maksoud MA. Deleterious effects of potassium bromate administration on renal and hepatic tissues of Swiss mice. Saudi J Biol Sci 2017; 25:278-284. [PMID: 29472778 PMCID: PMC5816001 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Potassium bromate (KBrO3) is widely used as a food additive and is a major water disinfection by-product. The present study reports the side effects of KBrO3 administration in Swiss mice. Animals were randomly divided into three groups: control, low dose KBrO3 (100 mg/kg/day) and high dose KBrO3 (200 mg/kg/day) groups. Administration of KBrO3 led to decreased white blood corpuscles (WBCs), red blood corpuscles (RBCs) and platelets count in the animals of both the high and the low dose groups. Altered lipid profile represented as low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and cholesterol levels were observed in plasma samples of both KBrO3 treated groups of mice. Also, an increased plasma level of LDH was detected in both KBrO3 treated groups. Histological investigations showed impaired renal and hepatic histology that was concomitant with increased plasma Creatinine level in both of KBrO3-treated groups. Nevertheless, decreased glutathione (GSH) level in both renal and hepatic tissue of mice after KBrO3 intake was detected. These results show that KBrO3 has serious damaging effects and therefore, its use should be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naif G Altoom
- King Saud University, College of Science, Department of Zoology, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jamaan Ajarem
- King Saud University, College of Science, Department of Zoology, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A Allam
- King Saud University, College of Science, Department of Zoology, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.,Beni-suef University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Saleh N Maodaa
- King Saud University, College of Science, Department of Zoology, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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