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Preetam S, Mondal S, Priya S, Bora J, Ramniwas S, Rustagi S, Qusty NF, Alghamdi S, Babalghith AO, Siddiqi A, Malik S. Targeting tumour markers in ovarian cancer treatment. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 559:119687. [PMID: 38663473 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.119687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Ovarian cancers (OC) are the most common, lethal, and stage-dependent cancers at the global level, specifically in female patients. Targeted therapies involve the administration of drugs that specifically target the alterations in tumour cells responsible for their growth, proliferation, and metastasis, with the aim of treating particular patients. Presently, within the realm of gynaecological malignancies, specifically in breast and OCs, there exist various prospective therapeutic targets encompassing tumour-intrinsic signalling pathways, angiogenesis, homologous-recombination deficit, hormone receptors, and immunologic components. Breast cancers are often detected in advanced stages, primarily due to the lack of a reliable screening method. However, various tumour markers have been extensively researched and employed to evaluate the condition, progression, and effectiveness of medication treatments for this ailment. The emergence of recent technological advancements in the domains of bioinformatics, genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics has facilitated the exploration and identification of hitherto unknown biomarkers. The primary objective of this comprehensive review is to meticulously investigate and analyze both established and emerging methodologies employed in the identification of tumour markers associated with OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subham Preetam
- Department of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST) Dalseong-gun, Daegu 42988, South Korea.
| | - Sagar Mondal
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand 834001, India.
| | - Swati Priya
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand 834001, India.
| | - Jutishna Bora
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand 834001, India.
| | - Seema Ramniwas
- University Center for Research and Development, Department of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali 140413, India.
| | - Sarvesh Rustagi
- School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, 248007 Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Naeem F Qusty
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Saad Alghamdi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ahmad O Babalghith
- Medical Genetics Department, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdullah Siddiqi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Makkah Park Clinics, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sumira Malik
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand 834001, India.
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2
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Sharma S, Rani H, Mahesh Y, Jolly MK, Dixit J, Mahadevan V. Loss of p53 epigenetically modulates epithelial to mesenchymal transition in colorectal cancer. Transl Oncol 2024; 43:101848. [PMID: 38412660 PMCID: PMC10907866 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Epithelial to Mesenchymal transition (EMT) drives cancer metastasis and is governed by genetic and epigenetic alterations at multiple levels of regulation. It is well established that loss/mutation of p53 confers oncogenic function to cancer cells and promotes metastasis. Though transcription factors like ZEB1, SLUG, SNAIL and TWIST have been implied in EMT signalling, p53 mediated alterations in the epigenetic machinery accompanying EMT are not clearly understood. This work attempts to explore epigenetic signalling during EMT in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells with varying status of p53. Towards this, we have induced EMT using TGFβ on CRC cell lines with wild type, null and mutant p53 and have assayed epigenetic alterations after EMT induction. Transcriptomic profiling of the four CRC cell lines revealed that the loss of p53 confers more mesenchymal phenotype with EMT induction than its mutant counterparts. This was also accompanied by upregulation of epigenetic writer and eraser machinery suggesting an epigenetic signalling cascade triggered by TGFβ signalling in CRC. Significant agonist and antagonistic relationships observed between EMT factor SNAI1 and SNAI2 with epigenetic enzymes KDM6A/6B and the chromatin organiser SATB1 in p53 null CRC cells suggest a crosstalk between epigenetic and EMT factors. The observed epigenetic regulation of EMT factor SNAI1 correlates with poor clinical outcomes in 270 colorectal cancer patients taken from TCGA-COAD. This unique p53 dependent interplay between epigenetic enzymes and EMT factors in CRC cells may be exploited for development of synergistic therapies for CRC patients presenting to the clinic with loss of p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Sharma
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology (IBAB), Bangalore, India
| | - Harsha Rani
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology (IBAB), Bangalore, India
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Murawski M, Jagodziński A, Bielawska-Pohl A, Klimczak A. Complexity of the Genetic Background of Oncogenesis in Ovarian Cancer-Genetic Instability and Clinical Implications. Cells 2024; 13:345. [PMID: 38391958 PMCID: PMC10886918 DOI: 10.3390/cells13040345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a leading cause of death among women with gynecological cancers, and is often diagnosed at advanced stages, leading to poor outcomes. This review explores genetic aspects of high-grade serous, endometrioid, and clear-cell ovarian carcinomas, emphasizing personalized treatment approaches. Specific mutations such as TP53 in high-grade serous and BRAF/KRAS in low-grade serous carcinomas highlight the need for tailored therapies. Varying mutation prevalence across subtypes, including BRCA1/2, PTEN, PIK3CA, CTNNB1, and c-myc amplification, offers potential therapeutic targets. This review underscores TP53's pivotal role and advocates p53 immunohistochemical staining for mutational analysis. BRCA1/2 mutations' significance as genetic risk factors and their relevance in PARP inhibitor therapy are discussed, emphasizing the importance of genetic testing. This review also addresses the paradoxical better prognosis linked to KRAS and BRAF mutations in ovarian cancer. ARID1A, PIK3CA, and PTEN alterations in platinum resistance contribute to the genetic landscape. Therapeutic strategies, like restoring WT p53 function and exploring PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors, are considered. The evolving understanding of genetic factors in ovarian carcinomas supports tailored therapeutic approaches based on individual tumor genetic profiles. Ongoing research shows promise for advancing personalized treatments and refining genetic testing in neoplastic diseases, including ovarian cancer. Clinical genetic screening tests can identify women at increased risk, guiding predictive cancer risk-reducing surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Murawski
- 1st Clinical Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Adam Jagodziński
- 1st Clinical Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Aleksandra Bielawska-Pohl
- Laboratory of Biology of Stem and Neoplastic Cells, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.B.-P.); (A.K.)
| | - Aleksandra Klimczak
- Laboratory of Biology of Stem and Neoplastic Cells, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.B.-P.); (A.K.)
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4
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Raab M, Kostova I, Peña‐Llopis S, Fietz D, Kressin M, Aberoumandi SM, Ullrich E, Becker S, Sanhaji M, Strebhardt K. Rescue of p53 functions by in vitro-transcribed mRNA impedes the growth of high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2024; 44:101-126. [PMID: 38140698 PMCID: PMC10794014 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cellular tumor protein p53 (TP53) is a tumor suppressor gene that is frequently mutated in human cancers. Among various cancer types, the very aggressive high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) exhibits the highest prevalence of TP53 mutations, present in >96% of cases. Despite intensive efforts to reactivate p53, no clinical drug has been approved to rescue p53 function. In this study, our primary objective was to administer in vitro-transcribed (IVT) wild-type (WT) p53-mRNA to HGSOC cell lines, primary cells, and orthotopic mouse models, with the aim of exploring its impact on inhibiting tumor growth and dissemination, both in vitro and in vivo. METHODS To restore the activity of p53, WT p53 was exogenously expressed in HGSOC cell lines using a mammalian vector system. Moreover, IVT WT p53 mRNA was delivered into different HGSOC model systems (primary cells and patient-derived organoids) using liposomes and studied for proliferation, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, colony formation, and chromosomal instability. Transcriptomic alterations induced by p53 mRNA were analyzed using RNA sequencing in OVCAR-8 and primary HGSOC cells, followed by ingenuity pathway analysis. In vivo effects on tumor growth and metastasis were studied using orthotopic xenografts and metastatic intraperitoneal mouse models. RESULTS Reactivation of the TP53 tumor suppressor gene was explored in different HGSOC model systems using newly designed IVT mRNA-based methods. The introduction of WT p53 mRNA triggered dose-dependent apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and potent long-lasting inhibition of HGSOC cell proliferation. Transcriptome analysis of OVCAR-8 cells upon mRNA-based p53 reactivation revealed significant alterations in gene expression related to p53 signaling, such as apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, and DNA damage. Restoring p53 function concurrently reduces chromosomal instability within the HGSOC cells, underscoring its crucial contribution in safeguarding genomic integrity by moderating the baseline occurrence of double-strand breaks arising from replication stress. Furthermore, in various mouse models, treatment with p53 mRNA reduced tumor growth and inhibited tumor cell dissemination in the peritoneal cavity in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS The IVT mRNA-based reactivation of p53 holds promise as a potential therapeutic strategy for HGSOC, providing valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying p53 function and its relevance in ovarian cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Raab
- Department of GynecologyMedical SchoolGoethe‐UniversityFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Izabela Kostova
- Department of GynecologyMedical SchoolGoethe‐UniversityFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Samuel Peña‐Llopis
- Translational Genomics in Solid TumorsWest German Cancer CenterUniversity HospitalEssenGermany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)EssenGermany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Daniela Fietz
- Histology and EmbryologyInstitute for Veterinary AnatomyGiessenGermany
| | - Monika Kressin
- Department of GynecologyMedical SchoolGoethe‐UniversityFrankfurt am MainGermany
- Histology and EmbryologyInstitute for Veterinary AnatomyGiessenGermany
| | - Seyed Mohsen Aberoumandi
- Histology and EmbryologyInstitute for Veterinary AnatomyGiessenGermany
- Franfurt Cancer Institute (FCI)Goethe UniversityFrankfurt am MainGermany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site Frankfurt/Mainz, a partnership between DKFZ and University Hospital FrankfurtFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Evelyn Ullrich
- Franfurt Cancer Institute (FCI)Goethe UniversityFrankfurt am MainGermany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site Frankfurt/Mainz, a partnership between DKFZ and University Hospital FrankfurtFrankfurt am MainGermany
- Experimental ImmunologyDepartment for Children and Adolescents MedicineUniversity Hospital FrankfurtGoethe UniversityFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Sven Becker
- Department of GynecologyMedical SchoolGoethe‐UniversityFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Mourad Sanhaji
- Department of GynecologyMedical SchoolGoethe‐UniversityFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Klaus Strebhardt
- Department of GynecologyMedical SchoolGoethe‐UniversityFrankfurt am MainGermany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
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5
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Haagsma J, Kolendowski B, Buensuceso A, Valdes YR, DiMattia GE, Shepherd TG. Gain-of-function p53 R175H blocks apoptosis in a precursor model of ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11424. [PMID: 37452087 PMCID: PMC10349050 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38609-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) is a highly lethal malignancy for which early detection is a challenge and treatment of late-stage disease is ineffective. HGSC initiation involves exfoliation of fallopian tube epithelial (FTE) cells which form multicellular clusters called spheroids that colonize and invade the ovary. HGSC contains universal mutation of the tumour suppressor gene TP53. However, not all TP53 mutations are the same, as specific p53 missense mutants contain gain-of-function (GOF) properties that drive tumour formation. Additionally, the role of GOF p53 in spheroid-mediated spread is poorly understood. In this study, we developed and characterized an in vitro model of HGSC based on mutation of TP53 in mouse oviductal epithelial cells (OVE). We discovered increased bulk spheroid survival and increased anchorage-independent growth in OVE cells expressing the missense mutant p53R175H compared to OVE parental and Trp53ko cells. Transcriptomic analysis on spheroids identified decreased apoptosis signaling due to p53R175H. Further assessment of the apoptosis pathway demonstrated decreased expression of intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis signaling molecules due to Trp53 deletion and p53R175H, but Caspase-3 activation was only decreased in spheroids with p53R175H. These results highlight this model as a useful tool for discovering early HGSC transformation mechanisms and uncover a potential anti-apoptosis GOF mechanism of p53R175H.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Haagsma
- The Mary and John Knight Translational Ovarian Cancer Research Unit, London Regional Cancer Program, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Bart Kolendowski
- The Mary and John Knight Translational Ovarian Cancer Research Unit, London Regional Cancer Program, London, ON, Canada
| | - Adrian Buensuceso
- The Mary and John Knight Translational Ovarian Cancer Research Unit, London Regional Cancer Program, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Yudith Ramos Valdes
- The Mary and John Knight Translational Ovarian Cancer Research Unit, London Regional Cancer Program, London, ON, Canada
| | - Gabriel E DiMattia
- The Mary and John Knight Translational Ovarian Cancer Research Unit, London Regional Cancer Program, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Trevor G Shepherd
- The Mary and John Knight Translational Ovarian Cancer Research Unit, London Regional Cancer Program, London, ON, Canada.
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
- Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
- London Regional Cancer Program, 790 Commissioners Road East, Room A4-836, London, ON, N6A 4L6, Canada.
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6
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Jackson ER, Duchatel RJ, Staudt DE, Persson ML, Mannan A, Yadavilli S, Parackal S, Game S, Chong WC, Jayasekara WSN, Grand ML, Kearney PS, Douglas AM, Findlay IJ, Germon ZP, McEwen HP, Beitaki TS, Patabendige A, Skerrett-Byrne DA, Nixon B, Smith ND, Day B, Manoharan N, Nagabushan S, Hansford JR, Govender D, McCowage GB, Firestein R, Howlett M, Endersby R, Gottardo NG, Alvaro F, Waszak SM, Larsen MR, Colino-Sanguino Y, Valdes-Mora F, Rakotomalala A, Meignan S, Pasquier E, André N, Hulleman E, Eisenstat DD, Vitanza NA, Nazarian J, Koschmann C, Mueller S, Cain JE, Dun MD. ONC201 in combination with paxalisib for the treatment of H3K27-altered diffuse midline glioma. Cancer Res 2023; 83:CAN-23-0186. [PMID: 37145169 PMCID: PMC10345962 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse midline gliomas (DMG), including diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPGs), are the most lethal of childhood cancers. Palliative radiotherapy is the only established treatment, with median patient survival of 9-11 months. ONC201 is a DRD2 antagonist and ClpP agonist that has shown preclinical and emerging clinical efficacy in DMG. However, further work is needed to identify the mechanisms of response of DIPGs to ONC201 treatment and to determine whether recurring genomic features influence response. Using a systems-biological approach, we showed that ONC201 elicits potent agonism of the mitochondrial protease ClpP to drive proteolysis of electron transport chain and tricarboxylic acid cycle proteins. DIPGs harboring PIK3CA-mutations showed increased sensitivity to ONC201, while those harboring TP53-mutations were more resistant. Metabolic adaptation and reduced sensitivity to ONC201 was promoted by redox-activated PI3K/Akt signaling, which could be counteracted using the brain penetrant PI3K/Akt inhibitor, paxalisib. Together, these discoveries coupled with the powerful anti-DIPG/DMG pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of ONC201 and paxalisib have provided the rationale for the ongoing DIPG/DMG phase II combination clinical trial NCT05009992.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangeline R. Jackson
- Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ryan J. Duchatel
- Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dilana E. Staudt
- Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mika L. Persson
- Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Abdul Mannan
- Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sridevi Yadavilli
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC
- Brain Tumor Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC
| | - Sarah Parackal
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shaye Game
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wai Chin Chong
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - W. Samantha N. Jayasekara
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marion Le Grand
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Padraic S. Kearney
- Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alicia M. Douglas
- Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Izac J. Findlay
- Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Zacary P. Germon
- Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Holly P. McEwen
- Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tyrone S. Beitaki
- Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Adjanie Patabendige
- Brain Barriers Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Biology, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Skerrett-Byrne
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Infertility and Reproduction Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brett Nixon
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Infertility and Reproduction Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nathan D. Smith
- Analytical and Biomolecular Research Facility Advanced Mass Spectrometry Unit, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bryan Day
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Neevika Manoharan
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sumanth Nagabushan
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jordan R. Hansford
- Michael Rice Cancer Centre, Women's and Children's Hospital, South Australia Health and Medical Research Institute, South Australia ImmunoGenomics Cancer Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Dinisha Govender
- Department of Oncology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Geoff B. McCowage
- Department of Oncology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ron Firestein
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Meegan Howlett
- Brain Tumor Research Program, Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Raelene Endersby
- Brain Tumor Research Program, Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Nicholas G. Gottardo
- Brain Tumor Research Program, Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Oncology and Hematology, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Frank Alvaro
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- John Hunter Children's Hospital, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sebastian M. Waszak
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM), Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Martin R. Larsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Yolanda Colino-Sanguino
- Cancer Epigenetics Biology and Therapeutics, Precision Medicine Theme, Children's Cancer Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Women's and Children's Health, University of NSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Fatima Valdes-Mora
- Cancer Epigenetics Biology and Therapeutics, Precision Medicine Theme, Children's Cancer Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Women's and Children's Health, University of NSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andria Rakotomalala
- Tumorigenesis and Resistance to Treatment Unit, Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille, France
- University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277, CANTHER, Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Lille, France
| | - Samuel Meignan
- Tumorigenesis and Resistance to Treatment Unit, Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille, France
- University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277, CANTHER, Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Lille, France
| | - Eddy Pasquier
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Marseille, France
- Metronomics Global Health Initiative, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas André
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Marseille, France
- Metronomics Global Health Initiative, Marseille, France
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, La Timone Children's Hospital, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - Esther Hulleman
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - David D. Eisenstat
- Children's Cancer Centre, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicholas A. Vitanza
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington
| | - Javad Nazarian
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC
- Department of Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- The George Washington University, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Carl Koschmann
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Sabine Mueller
- Department of Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Pediatric, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Jason E. Cain
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew D. Dun
- Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- Paediatric Program, Mark Hughes Foundation Centre for Brain Cancer Research, College of Health, Medicine, and Wellbeing, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
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7
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Zhou Z, Huang D, Dai Y, Yin Y, Jiang N, Zhou Z. Clinicopathological analysis of a type of "low grade" poorly cohesive gastric adenocarcinoma not otherwise specified with a good prognosis. Ann Diagn Pathol 2023; 63:152105. [PMID: 36621077 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2023.152105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Poorly cohesive carcinoma not otherwise specified (PCGCA-NOS) is regarded in the most recent WHO classification as a high-grade malignancy; however, some cases may be associated with a relatively good prognosis. We have studied a series of 115 cases of PCGCA-NOS and were able to identify low-grade features in 14 cases based on three morphological manifestations. Immunohistochemical staining, EBER in situ hybridization, Feulgen staining and flow cytometry were employed. Among the 115 cases of PCGAC-NOS, 14 cases met the criteria of "low grade", accounting for 12.2 %. The "low grade" cases exhibited more shallow invasion and less lymph node metastasis (both P < 0.05); showed less frequent expression of MUC5AC, E-cadherin and p53 (all P < 0.05). Moreover, "low grade" PCGAC-NOS had a lower proliferative index(P < 0.001). We also found that the DNA content was lower in the "low grade" group, and aneuploidy was not detected in the "low grade" group, which was sharply different from the control group (50 %). Last, "low grade" PCGAC-NOS had a more favorable prognosis. A small subset of PCGAC-NOS cases have a low grade nature, and the clinicopathological features, immunophenotypes, and cytogenetics of these "low grade" cases differ from those of traditional PCGAC-NOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyi Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, China
| | - Dandan Huang
- Center of Digestive Endoscopy, the Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, China
| | - Youai Dai
- Laboratory of the Institute of Organ Transplantation, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, China
| | - Yin Yin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, China
| | - Nanxing Jiang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, China
| | - Zhihua Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The 904 Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of People's Liberation Army, Wuxi 214044, China.
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8
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Zhang Q, Liu X, Chen Z, Zhang S. Novel GIRlncRNA Signature for Predicting the Clinical Outcome and Therapeutic Response in NSCLC. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:937531. [PMID: 35991889 PMCID: PMC9382191 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.937531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is highly malignant with driver somatic mutations and genomic instability. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a vital role in regulating these two aspects. However, the identification of somatic mutation-derived, genomic instability-related lncRNAs (GIRlncRNAs) and their clinical significance in NSCLC remains largely unexplored. Methods: Clinical information, gene mutation, and lncRNA expression data were extracted from TCGA database. GIRlncRNAs were screened by a mutator hypothesis-derived computational frame. Co-expression, GO, and KEGG enrichment analyses were performed to investigate the biological functions. Cox and LASSO regression analyses were performed to create a prognostic risk model based on the GIRlncRNA signature (GIRlncSig). The prediction efficiency of the model was evaluated by using correlation analyses with mutation, driver gene, immune microenvironment contexture, and therapeutic response. The prognostic performance of the model was evaluated by external datasets. A nomogram was established and validated in the testing set and TCGA dataset. Results: A total of 1446 GIRlncRNAs were selected from the screen, and the established GIRlncSig was used to classify patients into high- and low-risk groups. Enrichment analyses showed that GIRlncRNAs were mainly associated with nucleic acid metabolism and DNA damage repair pathways. Cox analyses further identified 19 GIRlncRNAs to construct a GIRlncSig-based risk score model. According to Cox regression and stratification analyses, 14 risk lncRNAs (AC023824.3, AC013287.1, AP000829.1, LINC01611, AC097451.1, AC025419.1, AC079949.2, LINC01600, AC004862.1, AC021594.1, MYRF-AS1, LINC02434, LINC02412, and LINC00337) and five protective lncRNAs (LINC01067, AC012645.1, AL512604.3, AC008278.2, and AC089998.1) were considered powerful predictors. Analyses of the model showed that these GIRlncRNAs were correlated with somatic mutation pattern, immune microenvironment infiltration, immunotherapeutic response, drug sensitivity, and survival of NSCLC patients. The GIRlncSig risk score model demonstrated good predictive performance (AUCs of ROC for 10-year survival was 0.69) and prognostic value in different NSCLC datasets. The nomogram comprising GIRlncSig and tumor stage exhibited improved robustness and feasibility for predicting NSCLC prognosis. Conclusion: The newly identified GIRlncRNAs are powerful biomarkers for clinical outcome and prognosis of NSCLC. Our study highlights that the GIRlncSig-based score model may be a useful tool for risk stratification and management of NSCLC patients, which deserves further evaluation in future prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangzhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xicheng Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhinan Chen
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Sihe Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Sihe Zhang, , https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8923-1993
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9
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Guo CR, Mao Y, Jiang F, Juan CX, Zhou GP, Li N. Computational detection of a genome instability-derived lncRNA signature for predicting the clinical outcome of lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer Med 2021; 11:864-879. [PMID: 34866362 PMCID: PMC8817082 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence has been emerging of the importance of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in genome instability. However, no study has established how to classify such lncRNAs linked to genomic instability, and whether that connection poses a therapeutic significance. Here, we established a computational frame derived from mutator hypothesis by combining profiles of lncRNA expression and those of somatic mutations in a tumor genome, and identified 185 candidate lncRNAs associated with genomic instability in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Through further studies, we established a six lncRNA-based signature, which assigned patients to the high- and low-risk groups with different prognosis. Further validation of this signature was performed in a number of separate cohorts of LUAD patients. In addition, the signature was found closely linked to genomic mutation rates in patients, indicating it could be a useful way to quantify genomic instability. In summary, this research offered a novel method by through which more studies may explore the function of lncRNAs and presented a possible new way for detecting biomarkers associated with genomic instability in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Rui Guo
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yan Mao
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Department of Neonatology,, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen-Xia Juan
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Guo-Ping Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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10
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Hu Y, Zheng M, Wang C, Wang S, Gou R, Liu O, Li X, Liu J, Lin B. Identification of KIF23 as a prognostic signature for ovarian cancer based on large-scale sampling and clinical validation. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:4955-4976. [PMID: 33042400 PMCID: PMC7540138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to explore the expression and clinical significance of KIF23 in ovarian cancer (OV) and identify potential targets for clinical treatment. Oncomine, GEO, and TCGA databases were used to analysis the expression of KIF23 in OV. The prognostic value of KIF23 gene was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier plotter database. The molecular mechanism of KIF23 activity was analyzed from the perspective of immunology, gene mutation, copy number variation (CNV). Finally, immunohistochemistry was conducted to validate the expression of KIF23, univariable and multivariate cox analysis were used to determine its relationship with clinical characteristics and OV prognosis. It showed that highly expressed KIF23 is an adverse independent prognostic biomarker for OV patients. Genomics analysis showed that KIF23 expression was associated with mutations such as FLG2 and TTN, and was significantly enriched in DNA replication and the cell cycle tumor-related signaling pathways. Immunology analysis showed that KIF23 is closely related to the immune infiltration. KIF23 can not only performed as a prognosis signature in OV but also as a target of immune molecular therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexin Hu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityNo. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning ProvinceShenyang, P. R. China
| | - Mingjun Zheng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityNo. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning ProvinceShenyang, P. R. China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU MunichMarchioninistr 15, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Caixia Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityNo. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning ProvinceShenyang, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityNo. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning ProvinceShenyang, P. R. China
| | - Rui Gou
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityNo. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning ProvinceShenyang, P. R. China
| | - Ouxuan Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityNo. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning ProvinceShenyang, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityNo. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning ProvinceShenyang, P. R. China
| | - Juanjuan Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityNo. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning ProvinceShenyang, P. R. China
| | - Bei Lin
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityNo. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning ProvinceShenyang, P. R. China
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11
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Mota A, S Oltra S, Moreno-Bueno G. Insight updating of the molecular hallmarks in ovarian carcinoma. EJC Suppl 2020; 15:16-26. [PMID: 33240439 PMCID: PMC7573468 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcsup.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Ovarian cancer (OC) is the deadliest gynaecologic cancer characterised by a high heterogeneity not only at the clinical point of view but also at the molecular level. This review focuses on the new insights about the OC molecular classification. Materials and methods We performed a bibliographic search for different indexed articles focused on the new molecular classification of OC. All of them have been published in PubMed and included information about the most frequent molecular alterations in OC confirmed by omics approaches. In addition, we have extracted information about the role of liquid biopsy in the OC diagnosis and prognosis. Results New molecular insights into OC have allowed novel clinical entities to be defined. Among OC, high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) which is the most common OC is characterised by omics approaches, mutations in TP53 and in other genes involved in the homologous recombination repair, especially BRCA1/2. Recent studies in HGSOC have allowed a new molecular classification in subgroups according to their mutational, transcriptional, methylation and copy number variation signatures with a real impact in the characterisation of new therapeutic targets for OC to be defined. Furthermore, despite the intrinsic intra-tumour heterogeneity, the advances in next generation sequencing (NGS) analyses of ascetic liquid from OC have opened new ways for its characterisation and treatment. Conclusions The advances in genomic approaches have been used for the identification of new molecular profiling techniques which define OC subgroups and has supposed advances in the diagnosis and in the personalised treatment of OC. Classification of ovarian cancer regarding to widespread genetic and genomic data. Highlighted role of p53 and BRCA1/2 in ovarian cancer for diagnosis and treatment. Intra-tumour genetic heterogeneity in ovarian cancer. Useful of liquid biopsy study in ovarian cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Mota
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas ‘Alberto Sols’ (CSIC-UAM), IdiPaz, MD Anderson International Foundation Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain
| | - Sara S Oltra
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas ‘Alberto Sols’ (CSIC-UAM), IdiPaz, MD Anderson International Foundation Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Moreno-Bueno
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas ‘Alberto Sols’ (CSIC-UAM), IdiPaz, MD Anderson International Foundation Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain
- Corresponding author: Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina (UAM), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” CSIC-UAM, Arzobispo Morcillo 4, Madrid, 28029, Spain. Fax: +34 91-5854401.
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12
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Vitale SR, Groenendijk FH, van Marion R, Beaufort CM, Helmijr JC, Jan Dubbink H, N. M. Dinjens W, Ewing-Graham PC, Smolders R, van Doorn HC, Boere IA, Berns EMJJ, Helleman J, Jansen MPHM. TP53 Mutations in Serum Circulating Cell-Free Tumor DNA As Longitudinal Biomarker for High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030415. [PMID: 32156073 PMCID: PMC7175353 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine an optimal workflow to detect TP53 mutations in baseline and longitudinal serum cell free DNA (cfDNA) from high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas (HGSOC) patients and to define whether TP53 mutations are suitable as biomarker for disease. TP53 was investigated in tissue and archived serum from 20 HGSOC patients by a next-generation sequencing (NGS) workflow alone or combined with digital PCR (dPCR). AmpliSeq™-focused NGS panels and customized dPCR assays were used for tissue DNA and longitudinal cfDNAs, and Oncomine NGS panel with molecular barcoding was used for baseline cfDNAs. TP53 missense mutations were observed in 17 tissue specimens and in baseline cfDNA for 4/8 patients by AmpliSeq, 6/9 patients by Oncomine, and 4/6 patients by dPCR. Mutations in cfDNA were detected in 4/6 patients with residual disease and 3/4 patients with disease progression within six months, compared to 5/11 patients with no residual disease and 6/13 patients with progression after six months. Finally, mutations were detected at progression in 5/6 patients, but not during chemotherapy. NGS with molecular barcoding and dPCR were most optimal workflows to detect TP53 mutations in baseline and longitudinal serum cfDNA, respectively. TP53 mutations were undetectable in cfDNA during treatment but re-appeared at disease progression, illustrating its promise as a biomarker for disease monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia R. Vitale
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (C.M.B.); (J.C.H.); (I.A.B.); (E.M.J.J.B.); (J.H.); (M.P.H.M.J.)
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-095-3781946
| | - Floris H. Groenendijk
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (F.H.G.); (R.v.M.); (H.J.D.); (W.N.M.D.); (P.C.E.-G.)
| | - Ronald van Marion
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (F.H.G.); (R.v.M.); (H.J.D.); (W.N.M.D.); (P.C.E.-G.)
| | - Corine M. Beaufort
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (C.M.B.); (J.C.H.); (I.A.B.); (E.M.J.J.B.); (J.H.); (M.P.H.M.J.)
| | - Jean C. Helmijr
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (C.M.B.); (J.C.H.); (I.A.B.); (E.M.J.J.B.); (J.H.); (M.P.H.M.J.)
| | - Hendrikus Jan Dubbink
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (F.H.G.); (R.v.M.); (H.J.D.); (W.N.M.D.); (P.C.E.-G.)
| | - Winand N. M. Dinjens
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (F.H.G.); (R.v.M.); (H.J.D.); (W.N.M.D.); (P.C.E.-G.)
| | - Patricia C. Ewing-Graham
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (F.H.G.); (R.v.M.); (H.J.D.); (W.N.M.D.); (P.C.E.-G.)
| | - Ramon Smolders
- Department of Gynaecology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (R.S.); (H.C.v.D.)
| | - Helena C. van Doorn
- Department of Gynaecology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (R.S.); (H.C.v.D.)
| | - Ingrid A. Boere
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (C.M.B.); (J.C.H.); (I.A.B.); (E.M.J.J.B.); (J.H.); (M.P.H.M.J.)
| | - Els M. J. J. Berns
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (C.M.B.); (J.C.H.); (I.A.B.); (E.M.J.J.B.); (J.H.); (M.P.H.M.J.)
| | - Jozien Helleman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (C.M.B.); (J.C.H.); (I.A.B.); (E.M.J.J.B.); (J.H.); (M.P.H.M.J.)
| | - Maurice P. H. M. Jansen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (C.M.B.); (J.C.H.); (I.A.B.); (E.M.J.J.B.); (J.H.); (M.P.H.M.J.)
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13
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Lin PH, Chen M, Tsai LW, Lo C, Yen TC, Huang TY, Chen CK, Fan SC, Kuo SH, Huang CS. Using next-generation sequencing to redefine BRCAness in triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:1375-1384. [PMID: 31958182 PMCID: PMC7156820 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BRCAness is considered a predictive biomarker to platinum and poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. However, recent trials showed that its predictive value was limited in triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) treated with platinum. Moreover, tumors with mutations of DNA damage response (DDR) genes, such as homologous recombination (HR) genes, could be sensitive to platinum and PARP inhibitors. Thus, we aim to explore the relationship between mutation status of DDR genes and BRCAness in TNBC. We sequenced 56 DDR genes in 120 TNBC and identified BRCAness by array comparative genomic hybridization. The sequencing results showed that 13, 14, and 14 patients had BRCA, non‐BRCA HR, and non‐HR DDR gene mutations, respectively. Array comparative genomic hybridization revealed that BRCA‐mutated and HR gene‐mutated TNBC shared similar BRCAness features, both having higher numbers and longer length of large‐scale structural aberration (LSA, >10 Mb) and similar altered chromosomal regions of LSA. These suggested non‐BRCA HR gene‐mutated TNBC shared similar characteristics with BRCA‐mutated TNBC, indicating non‐BRCA HR gene‐mutated TNBC sensitive to platinum and PARP inhibitors. Among tumors with mutation of non‐HR DDR genes, 3 PTEN and 1 MSH6 mutation also contained significant LSAs (BRCAness); however, they had different regions of genomic alteration to BRCA and HR gene‐mutated tumors, might explain prior findings that PTEN‐ and MSH6‐mutated cancer cells not sensitive to PARP inhibitors. Therefore, we hypothesize that the heterogeneous genomic background of BRCAness indicates different responsiveness to platinum and PARP inhibitors. Direct sequencing DDR genes in TNBC should be applied to predict their sensitivity toward platinum and PARP inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Han Lin
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Genomic Medicine and Center for Medical Genetics, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wei Tsai
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiao Lo
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chun Yen
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Thomas Yoyan Huang
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Kai Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Chih Fan
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Hsin Kuo
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiun-Sheng Huang
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Dihydroartemisinin Sensitizes Mutant p53 (R248Q)-Expressing Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells to Doxorubicin by Inhibiting P-gp Expression. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:8207056. [PMID: 31976328 PMCID: PMC6955115 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8207056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mutant p53 (R248Q) induces doxorubicin (ADM) resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) can synergistically enhance anticancer effect of many chemotherapeutic agents. However, whether DHA could increase therapeutic efficacy of ADM in p53 (R248Q)-expressing HCC cells remains unknown. In the present study, we established mutant p53 (R248Q)-expressing Hep3B cells to study the effect and mechanism of DHA on ADM resistance and the synergistic effect of DHA with ADM. We found that P-gp was highly expressed in p53 (R248Q)-expressing Hep3B cells. As a result, cells expressing p53 (R248Q) displayed higher cell viability and lower cell apoptosis level upon ADM treatment. Meanwhile, phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2 and p65 were elevated in p53 (R248Q)-expressing Hep3B cells. However, combination of DHA and ADM treatment decreased cell viability and elevated cell apoptosis level in p53 (R248Q)-expressing Hep3B cells. Molecular dynamics simulations showed that DHA had the potential to bind with mutant p53 (R248Q) protein. Furthermore, DHA treatment decreased P-gp expression and inhibited phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2 and p65 in p53 (R248Q)-expressing Hep3B cells. Finally, DHA treatment could significantly reduce ADM efflux in p53 (R248Q)-expressing cells. Our results indicate that DHA could decrease P-gp expression via inhibiting the p53 (R248Q)-ERK1/2-NF-κB signaling pathway, which eventually confers sensitization of p53 (R248Q)-expressing HCC cells to ADM. Our study provides evidence for the potential application of DHA and ADM combination in treatment of mutant p53 (R248Q)-harbored HCC.
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15
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Combination of a novel microtubule inhibitor MBRI-001 and gemcitabine synergistically induces cell apoptosis by increasing DNA damage in pancreatic cancer cell lines. Invest New Drugs 2019; 38:1207-1217. [PMID: 31802375 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-019-00874-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly malignant cancer with poor prognosis. Although gemcitabine (GEM; 2',2'-difluoro-deoxycytidine) has been used as the first-line chemotherapeutic agent in PC treatment for decades, its limited efficacy remains a significant clinical issue, which may be resolved by GEM combination therapy. In this study, we aimed to investigate the anti-tumor effects of MBRI-001 in combination with GEM in BxPC-3 and MIA PaCa-2 human PC cell lines. In vitro and in vivo results indicate that MBRI-001 showed synergistic activity with GEM. GEM induced apoptosis by increasing DNA damage (phosphorylated core histone protein H2AX (γ-H2AX)), MBRI-001 activated mitochondrial-apoptotic pathway (cleaved poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP)). Thus, the combination of the two intensified both apoptosis and DNA damage and showed significantly superior anti-tumor activity compared to each agent alone. The adoption of combination of MBRI-001 with GEM may be beneficial as they act synergistically and thus, can be a potential therapeutic choice for improving the prognosis of PC patients in the future.
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Kwon SM, Budhu A, Woo HG, Chaisaingmongkol J, Dang H, Forgues M, Harris CC, Zhang G, Auslander N, Ruppin E, Mahidol C, Ruchirawat M, Wang XW. Functional Genomic Complexity Defines Intratumor Heterogeneity and Tumor Aggressiveness in Liver Cancer. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16930. [PMID: 31729408 PMCID: PMC6858353 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52578-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation and chromosome aneuploidy are major traits of primary liver cancer (PLC), which represent the second most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Increased cancer fitness and aggressiveness of PLC may be achieved by enhancing tumoral genomic complexity that alters tumor biology. Here, we developed a scoring method, namely functional genomic complexity (FGC), to determine the degree of molecular heterogeneity among 580 liver tumors with diverse ethnicities and etiologies by assessing integrated genomic and transcriptomic data. We found that tumors with higher FGC scores are associated with chromosome instability and TP53 mutations, and a worse prognosis, while tumors with lower FGC scores have elevated infiltrating lymphocytes and a better prognosis. These results indicate that FGC scores may serve as a surrogate to define genomic heterogeneity of PLC linked to chromosomal instability and evasion of immune surveillance. Our findings demonstrate an ability to define genomic heterogeneity and corresponding tumor biology of liver cancer based only on bulk genomic and transcriptomic data. Our data also provide a rationale for applying this approach to survey liver tumor immunity and to stratify patients for immune-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Mee Kwon
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis and Liver Cancer Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Anuradha Budhu
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis and Liver Cancer Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Hyun Goo Woo
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis and Liver Cancer Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Jittiporn Chaisaingmongkol
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis and Liver Cancer Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology, Office of the Higher Education Commission, Ministry of Education, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Hien Dang
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis and Liver Cancer Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Marshonna Forgues
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis and Liver Cancer Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Curtis C Harris
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis and Liver Cancer Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Gao Zhang
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program and Melanoma Research Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Noam Auslander
- Cancer Data Science Lab, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of health, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Eytan Ruppin
- Cancer Data Science Lab, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of health, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Chulabhorn Mahidol
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | - Mathuros Ruchirawat
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology, Office of the Higher Education Commission, Ministry of Education, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Xin Wei Wang
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis and Liver Cancer Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA.
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17
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Wu Q, Wu Z, Bao C, Li W, He H, Sun Y, Chen Z, Zhang H, Ning Z. Cancer stem cells in esophageal squamous cell cancer. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:5022-5032. [PMID: 31612013 PMCID: PMC6781610 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are hypothesized to govern the origin, progression, drug resistance, recurrence and metastasis of human cancer. CSCs have been identified in nearly all types of human cancer, including esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC). Four major methods are typically used to isolate or enrich CSCs, including: i) fluorescence-activated cell sorting or magnetic-activated cell sorting using cell-specific surface markers; ii) stem cell markers, including aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1; iii) side population cell phenotype markers; and iv) microsphere culture methods. ESCC stem cells have been identified using a number of these methods. An increasing number of stem cell signatures and pathways have been identified, which have assisted in the clarification of molecular mechanisms that regulate the stemness of ESCC stem cells. Certain viruses, such as human papillomavirus and hepatitis B virus, are also considered to be important in the formation of CSCs, and there is a crosstalk between stemness and viruses-associated genes/pathways, which may suggest a potential therapeutic strategy for the eradication of CSCs. In the present review, findings are summarized along these lines of inquiry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wu
- Basic Medical School, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China.,Nurse School, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Wu
- Basic Medical School, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Cuiyu Bao
- Nurse School, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Basic Medical School, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Hui He
- Basic Medical School, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Yanling Sun
- Basic Medical School, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Zimin Chen
- Basic Medical School, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Basic Medical School, Ji'nan University Medical School, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Zhifeng Ning
- Basic Medical School, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
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18
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Padmanabhan A, Kaushik M, Niranjan R, Richards JS, Ebright B, Venkatasubbu GD. Zinc Oxide nanoparticles induce oxidative and proteotoxic stress in ovarian cancer cells and trigger apoptosis Independent of p53-mutation status. APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE 2019; 487:807-818. [PMID: 32042215 PMCID: PMC7009796 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.05.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer continues to be the most lethal among gynecological malignancies and the major cause for cancer-associated mortality among women. Limitations of current ovarian cancer therapeutics is highlighted by the high frequency of drug-resistant recurrent tumors and the extremely poor 5-year survival rates. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) have shown promise in various biomedical applications including utility as anti-cancer agents. Here, we describe the synthesis and characterization of physical properties of ZnO-NPs of increasing particle size (15 nm - 55 nm) and evaluate their benefits as an ovarian cancer therapeutic using established human ovarian cancer cell lines. Our results demonstrate that the ZnO-NPs induce acute oxidative and proteotoxic stress in ovarian cancer cells leading to their death via apoptosis. The cytotoxic effect of the ZnO-NPs was found to increase slightly with a decrease in nanoparticle size. While ZnO-NPs caused depletion of both wild-type and gain-of-function (GOF) mutant p53 protein in ovarian cancer cells, their ability to induce apoptosis was found to be independent of the p53-mutation status in these cells. Taken together, these results highlight the potential of ZnO-NPs to serve as an anti-cancer therapeutic agent for treating ovarian cancers independent of the p53 mutants of the cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achuth Padmanabhan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX. 77030. USA
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX. 77030. USA
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX. 77030. USA
- Co-corresponding authors
| | - M Kaushik
- Department of Nanotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Tamil Nadu. 603203. India
| | - R Niranjan
- Department of Nanotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Tamil Nadu. 603203. India
| | - JoAnne S Richards
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX. 77030. USA
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX. 77030. USA
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX. 77030. USA
| | - Brandon Ebright
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX. 77030. USA
| | - G Devanand Venkatasubbu
- Department of Nanotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Tamil Nadu. 603203. India
- Co-corresponding authors
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Fang X, Yin H, Zhang H, Wu F, Liu Y, Fu Y, Yu D, Zong L. p53 mediates hydroxyurea resistance in aneuploid cells of colon cancer. Exp Cell Res 2019; 376:39-48. [PMID: 30684461 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Aneuploidy refers to aberrancies in cellular chromosome count, which is prevalent in most human cancers. Chemotherapy is an effective cancer treatment; however, the development of drug resistance is a major concern of conventional chemotherapy. The chemotherapy agent hydroxyurea (HU) targets proliferating cells and has long been applied to treat various human cancers. It remains elusive whether aneuploidy affects the drug sensitivity of hydroxyurea. By generating an inducible aneuploidy model, we found that aneuploid colon cancer cells were resistant to HU treatment compared to euploid controls. Surprisingly, further analyses showed that the HU resistance was dependent on the expression of wild type p53. Activation of the p53 pathway in aneuploidy cells reduced cell proliferation but generated resistance of tumor cells to HU treatment. HU resistance was abrogated in aneuploid cells if p53 was absent but re-gained when inducing proliferation repression in cells by serum deprivation. Our results demonstrate that the HU resistance developed in aneuploid colon cancer cells is mediated by wild type p53 and indicates the prognostic value of combining karyotypic and p53 status in clinical cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Fang
- Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-coding RNA Research, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Hua Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-coding RNA Research, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Hanqing Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-coding RNA Research, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-coding RNA Research, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Yin Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-coding RNA Research, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Yi Fu
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Duonan Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-coding RNA Research, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou, China.
| | - Liang Zong
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu, China.
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20
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The Analysis of Cell Cycle-related Proteins in Ovarian Clear Cell Carcinoma Versus High-grade Serous Carcinoma. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2019; 37:516-524. [PMID: 29019869 DOI: 10.1097/pgp.0000000000000461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In Japan, the frequency of ovarian clear cell carcinoma (CCC) is twice as high as that in the United States and Europe. Often, patient prognosis with CCC is poor because of chemoresistance. Here, we focus on the cell cycle, which is one of the mechanisms of chemoresistance. To detect the informative markers and improve the strategy of chemotherapy for CCC, we performed immunohistochemical staining of cell cycle-related proteins in ovarian malignant tumors. We detected that each of the 29 samples of CCC and high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) were necessary to reveal the significant differences in immunostaining and prognosis. We performed the immunostaining analysis using the antibodies of cell cycle-related proteins such as Ki-67, Cdt1, MCM7, and geminin. The positive rate of Cdt1 in the CCC group was significantly higher than that in the HGSC group (P<0.0001). However, the positive rate of geminin in the HGSC group was significantly higher than that in the CCC group (P<0.0001). The overall survival of CCC patients with high labeling index of Cdt1 was significantly worse than that of CCC patients with low labeling index of Cdt1 (P=0.004). The study results suggested that the cancer cells of CCC and HGSC exist in the G1 phase and S, G2, and M phases, respectively. The differences in cell cycle of CCC might be one of the reasons for chemotherapy resistance. Further investigations are necessary to reveal the usefulness of Cdt1 as a biomarker in CCC.
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Hatano Y, Tamada M, Asano N, Hayasaki Y, Tomita H, Morishige KI, Hara A. High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma with mucinous differentiation: report of a rare and unique case suggesting transition from the "SET" feature of high-grade serous carcinoma to the "STEM" feature. Diagn Pathol 2019; 14:4. [PMID: 30636633 PMCID: PMC6330567 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-019-0781-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-grade serous carcinoma, a representative high-grade ovarian carcinoma, is believed to be closely associated with a TP53 mutation. Recently, this category of ovarian carcinoma has gained increasing attention owing to the recognition of morphological varieties of TP53-mutated high-grade ovarian carcinoma. Herein, we report the case of a patient with high-grade serous carcinoma with mucinous differentiation. CASE PRESENTATION A 59-year-old postmenopausal woman was referred to the gynecologist because of abnormal vaginal bleeding. The radiological assessment revealed an intrapelvic multicystic mass, which was interpreted as an early right ovarian cancer and then removed by radical surgery. Histologically, the cancer cells were found in the bilateral ovaries and para-aortic lymph nodes. The cancer cells showed high-grade nuclear atypia and various morphologies, including the solid, pseudo-endometrioid, transitional cell-like (SET) pattern, and mucin-producing patterns. Benign and/or borderline mucin-producing epithelium, serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma, and endometriosis-related lesions were not observed. In immunohistochemistry analyses, the cancer cells were diffuse positive for p53; block positive for p16; partial positive for WT1, ER, PgR, CDX2 and PAX8; and negative for p40, p63, GATA3, Napsin A, and vimentin. The Ki-67 labeling index of the cancer cells was 60-80%. Direct sequencing revealed that the cancer cells contained a missense mutation (c.730G>A) in the TP53 gene. CONCLUSION Mucinous differentiation in high-grade serous carcinoma is a rare and unique ovarian tumor phenotype and it mimics the phenotypes of mucinous or seromucinous carcinoma. To avoid the misdiagnosis, extensive histological and immunohistochemical analyses should be performed when pathologists encounter high-grade mucin-producing ovarian carcinoma. The present case shows that the unusual histological characteristic of high-grade serous carcinoma, the "SET" feature, could be extended to the solid, transitional, endometrioid and mucinous-like (STEM) feature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Hatano
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan.
| | - Maho Tamada
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Nami Asano
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Yoh Hayasaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tomita
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichirou Morishige
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Akira Hara
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
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22
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Long X, Lin X. P65‐mediated miR‐590 inhibition modulates the chemoresistance of osteosarcoma to doxorubicin through targeting wild‐type p53‐induced phosphatase 1. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:5652-5665. [PMID: 30387173 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Long
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Xiang‐Jin Lin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
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23
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Wang X, Han L, Zhou L, Wang L, Zhang LM. Prediction of candidate RNA signatures for recurrent ovarian cancer prognosis by the construction of an integrated competing endogenous RNA network. Oncol Rep 2018; 40:2659-2673. [PMID: 30226545 PMCID: PMC6151886 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor recurrence hinders treatment of ovarian cancer. The present study aimed to identify potential biomarkers for ovarian cancer recurrence prognosis and explore relevant mechanisms. RNA-sequencing of data from the TCGA database and GSE17260 dataset was carried out. Samples of the data were grouped according to tumor recurrence information. Following data normalization, differentially expressed genes/micro RNAs (miRNAs)/long non-coding (lncRNAs) (DEGs/DEMs/DELs) were selected between recurrent and non-recurrent samples. Their correlations with clinical information were analyzed to identify prognostic RNAs. A support vector machine classifier was used to find the optimal gene set with feature genes that could conclusively distinguish different samples. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was established for DEGs using relevant protein databases. An integrated ‘lncRNA/miRNA/mRNA’ competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network was constructed to reveal potential regulatory relationships among different RNAs. We identified 36 feature genes (e.g. TP53 and RBPMS) for the classification of recurrent and non-recurrent ovarian cancer samples. Prediction with this gene set had a high accuracy (91.8%). Three DELs (WT1-AS, NBR2 and ZNF883) were highly associated with the prognosis of recurrent ovarian cancer. Predominant DEMs with their targets were hsa-miR-375 (target: RBPMS), hsa-miR-141 (target: RBPMS), and hsa-miR-27b (target: TP53). Highlighted interactions in the ceRNA network were ‘WT1-AS-hsa-miR-375-RBPMS’ and ‘WT1-AS-hsa-miR-27b-TP53’. TP53, RBPMS, hsa-miR-375, hsa-miR-141, hsa-miR-27b, and WT1-AS may be biomarkers for recurrent ovarian cancer. The interactions of ‘WT1-AS-hsa-miR-375-RBPMS’ and ‘WT1-AS-hsa-miR-27b-TP53’ may be potential regulatory mechanisms during cancer recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The 306 Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Lei Han
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The 306 Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The 306 Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The 306 Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Lan-Mei Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The 306 Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
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Burger RA, Deng W, Makker V, Collins Y, Gray H, Debernardo R, Martin LP, Aghajanian C. Phase II evaluation of dalantercept in the treatment of persistent or recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer: An NRG Oncology/Gynecologic Oncology Group study. Gynecol Oncol 2018; 150:466-470. [PMID: 30041929 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2018.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the efficacy of dalantercept, a soluble ALK1 inhibitor receptor fusion protein, in patients with persistent or recurrent ovarian carcinoma and related malignancies. METHODS Eligibility criteria included measurable disease, 1-2 prior cytotoxic regimens and GOG performance status (PS) ≤2. Dalantercept was administered subcutaneously at 1.2 mg/kg every 3 weeks until disease progression or development of unacceptable toxicity. The primary null hypothesis was the probability of response ≤0.10 and the probability of 6-month progression-free survival without receipt of non-protocol therapy (event-free survival at 6 months, EFS6) ≤0.15, using RECIST 1.1 criteria. RESULTS The first stage was closed after enrollment of 30 participants with median age of 56.5 years, high-grade serous histology in 76.7%, 2 prior regimens in 46.7%, and platinum-free interval <6 months in 73.3%. All participants discontinued dalantercept, 24 (80.0%), 5 (16.7%) and 1 (3.3%) due to progression, toxicity, and other reason, respectively. The median number of treatment cycles per patient was 2 (range 1-29). There were six treatment-related grade 3 AEs and no grade ≥4 AEs. There were no objective responses. EFS6 was reached in 20% (6 out of 30 participants, 90% CI 9.1% to 35.7%). CONCLUSIONS Though safe, dalantercept as administered had limited efficacy in this patient population overall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Burger
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America.
| | - Wei Deng
- NRG Oncology, Clinical Trial Development Division, Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Roswell Park, Buffalo, NY 14263, United States of America.
| | - Vicky Makker
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer, New York, NY 10065, United States of America.
| | - Yvonne Collins
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Illinois at Chicago CCOP, Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America.
| | - Heidi Gray
- Dept. of OB/GYN, Washington University School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, United States of America.
| | - Robert Debernardo
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Case Western University Hospital, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States of America.
| | - Lainie P Martin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, United States of America.
| | - Carol Aghajanian
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer, New York, NY 10065, United States of America.
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25
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Stiewe T, Haran TE. How mutations shape p53 interactions with the genome to promote tumorigenesis and drug resistance. Drug Resist Updat 2018; 38:27-43. [PMID: 29857816 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The tumor suppressive transcription factor p53 regulates a wide array of cellular processes that confer upon cells an essential protection against cancer development. Wild-type p53 regulates gene expression by directly binding to DNA in a sequence-specific manner. p53 missense mutations are the most common mutations in malignant cells and can be regarded as synonymous with anticancer drug resistance and poor prognosis. The current review provides an overview of how the extraordinary variety of more than 2000 different mutant p53 proteins, known as the p53 mutome, affect the interaction of p53 with DNA. We discuss how the classification of p53 mutations to loss of function (LOF), gain of function (GOF), and dominant-negative (DN) inhibition of a remaining wild-type allele, hides a complex p53 mutation spectrum that depends on the distinctive nature of each mutant protein, requiring different therapeutic strategies for each mutant p53 protein. We propose to regard the different mutant p53 categories as continuous variables, that may not be independent of each other. In particular, we suggest here to consider GOF mutations as a special subset of LOF mutations, especially when mutant p53 binds to DNA through cooperation with other transcription factors, and we present a model for GOF mechanism that consolidates many observations on the GOF phenomenon. We review how novel mutant p53 targeting approaches aim to restore a wild-type-like DNA interaction and to overcome resistance to cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Stiewe
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Philipps-University, 35037 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Tali E Haran
- Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel.
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26
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Multi-omics profiling of younger Asian breast cancers reveals distinctive molecular signatures. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1725. [PMID: 29713003 PMCID: PMC5928087 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04129-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) in the Asia Pacific regions is enriched in younger patients and rapidly rising in incidence yet its molecular bases remain poorly characterized. Here we analyze the whole exomes and transcriptomes of 187 primary tumors from a Korean BC cohort (SMC) enriched in pre-menopausal patients and perform systematic comparison with a primarily Caucasian and post-menopausal BC cohort (TCGA). SMC harbors higher proportions of HER2+ and Luminal B subtypes, lower proportion of Luminal A with decreased ESR1 expression compared to TCGA. We also observe increased mutation prevalence affecting BRCA1, BRCA2, and TP53 in SMC with an enrichment of a mutation signature linked to homologous recombination repair deficiency in TNBC. Finally, virtual microdissection and multivariate analyses reveal that Korean BC status is independently associated with increased TIL and decreased TGF-β signaling expression signatures, suggesting that younger Asian BCs harbor more immune-active microenvironment than western BCs. While breast cancer incidence in the Asia Pacific region is rising, the molecular basis remains poorly characterized. Here the authors perform genomic screening of 187 Korean breast cancer patients and find differences in molecular subtype distribution, mutation pattern and prevalence, and gene expression signature when compared to TCGA.
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High-grade serous carcinoma with discordant p53 signature: report of a case with new insight regarding high-grade serous carcinogenesis. Diagn Pathol 2018; 13:24. [PMID: 29703236 PMCID: PMC5923005 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-018-0702-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although p53 signature, benign-appearing epithelial cells with p53 diffuse expression, is frequently found in the fallopian tubes, the clinical and pathological significance of this lesion in the case of high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) patients still remains unclear. Case presentation A 56-year-old woman was referred to the gynecologist on account of abdominal distention. Since radiological and serological workup suggested that her illness was due to advanced ovarian cancer (FIGO Stage IVB), she received neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and the clinical evaluation of the chemotherapeutic response was a partial response. She underwent total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, omentectomy, and intra-pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy. Histologically, the cancer cells showed high-grade nuclear atypia and spread into the bilateral ovaries, omentum, uterine serosa, and left fallopian tube. The cancer cells showed complete absence of p53 but overexpressed p16, whereas some of benign-appearing tubal epithelial cells overexpressed p53 but lacked p16 expression. The results of direct sequence analysis revealed that the ovarian cancer contains a 1 bp deletion in exon 8 of TP53. Finally, the histological diagnosis of HGSC with discordant p53 signature was made. Interestingly, nuclear expression of γ-H2AX, a well-known marker of DNA damage, was not only observed in both p53 aberrantly-expressing lesions but also the benign-appearing tubal epithelium without p53 overexpression. After the histological confirmation, she received adjuvant chemotherapy and has been in disease-free condition without any detectable tumor for 5 months. Conclusion Recent evidence suggests that p53 signature is the putative precursor of p53 overexpression-type HGSC. Because the putative precursors of the other p53 immunophenotypical HGSC are not proposed, we presume γ-H2AX-expressing cells without p53 overexpression may be a potent candidate of null-type TP53-mutated tubal cells, which are named “γ-H2AX responsive foci.”
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Samtani R, Sharma N, Garg D. Effects of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Epigenetic Modifications in Ovarian Cancer: A Review. Reprod Sci 2017; 25:7-18. [PMID: 28602118 DOI: 10.1177/1933719117711261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is a relatively fatal female reproductive malignancy. Since the underlying causes are uncertain, it brings us to believe that both genetic and external factors contribute toward development of this lethal disorder. Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the form of occupational usage of pesticides, fungicides, herbicides, plasticizers, cosmetics, and so on is potentially carcinogenic and their ability to cause epigenetic modifications has led us to hypothesize that they may play a catalytic role in OC progression. In response to synthetic chemicals, animal models have demonstrated disturbances in the development of ovaries and steroid hormonal levels but in humans, more research is required. The present review is an attempt to address the impact of EDCs on the hormonal system and gene methylation levels that may lead to malfunctioning of the ovaries which may consequently develop in the form of cancer. It can be concluded that endocrine disruptors do have a potential carcinogenicity and their high proportions in human body may cause epigenetic modifications, prompting ovarian surface epithelium to grow in an abnormal manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratika Samtani
- 1 Amity Institute of Anthropology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Noopur Sharma
- 1 Amity Institute of Anthropology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Deepali Garg
- 2 Dr Deepali Path Labs & Cancer Diagnostic Centre, Bathinda, Punjab, India
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