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Xu X, Wang R, Zhang Y, Li J, Li H, Yu X, Zhang J, Li X, Huang Y. Occupational Factors Associated With Time to Breastfeeding Discontinuation After Return to Work Among Female Anesthesiologists in China: A Nationwide Survey. Anesth Analg 2024; 139:135-143. [PMID: 37756245 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000006651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast milk is of great benefit to both infants and mothers. Due to occupational barriers, female physicians are at high risk of unintentionally discontinuing breastfeeding. However, evidence among anesthesiologists was limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate occupational factors associated with time to breastfeeding discontinuation among female anesthesiologists following maternity leave in China. METHODS We conducted a nationwide survey of female anesthesiologists who had given birth since January 1, 2015. A 60-item anonymous questionnaire was developed to collect information regarding breastfeeding practices and related factors. The questionnaire was revised based on the recommendations of 15 experts and feedback from the pilot survey. The survey was distributed by the Chinese Society of Anesthesiology. RESULTS The completion rate was 57.9%. In total, 1364 responders were analyzed from all 31 provinces of Mainland China. In total, 1311 (96.1%) responders reported a reduction in breast milk supply on returning to work. Among the 1161 responders who discontinued breastfeeding, 836 (72.0%) did not achieve desired goals due to occupational factors. The median [interquartile range] of maternity leave length and breastfeeding duration were 5 [4-6] months and 10 [7-12] months, respectively. The following occupational factors were associated with longer time to breastfeeding discontinuation after adjusting for confounding effects of personal factors: length of maternity leave (hazard ratio [HR] per month 0.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.36-0.54; P < .001), pumping breast milk during work time (HR, 0.04; 95% CI, 0.02-0.08; P < .001), support from colleagues (HR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.86-0.99; P = .032), and additional nonclinical activities (HR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.77-0.98; P = .022). Trainees under supervision (HR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.06-1.43; P = .005) and the need to remain in the operating room during cases (HR, 2.59; 95% CI, 1.09-6.12; P = .031) were associated with shorter time to breastfeeding discontinuation. Approximately 899 (65.9%) responders pumped breast milk during work time. Among them, reduction in pumping frequency (HR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.00-1.36; P = .049) and difficulty in finding opportunities for pumping (HR, 2.34; 95% CI, 1.36-4.03; P = .002) were associated with shorter time to breastfeeding discontinuation. CONCLUSIONS We identified modifiable occupational factors associated with time to breastfeeding discontinuation. These findings underscored the necessity of facilitating breastfeeding in the workplace, including encouraging longer maternity leave and breastfeeding breaks, considering the feasibility of pumping in daily case assignments, establishing supportive culture, providing lactation rooms, and offering nonclinical activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Xu
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiqi Wang
- School of Law, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuelun Zhang
- Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Li
- Narragansett Bay Anesthesia Group, Warwick, Rhode Island
| | - Hange Li
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuerong Yu
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Li
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuguang Huang
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Yeşildere Sağlam H, Reyhan FA, Dağlı E. What Should a Breastfeeding Place in Public Spaces Be Like? A Qualitative Study on Women's Experiences. HERD-HEALTH ENVIRONMENTS RESEARCH & DESIGN JOURNAL 2024:19375867241237508. [PMID: 38591576 DOI: 10.1177/19375867241237508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mothers need a place in public spaces where they can comfortably breastfeed and care for their babies. The availability and design features of these places are critical for meeting mothers' safety and comfort needs while they are breastfeeding. AIM This study was conducted to examine mothers' experiences with breastfeeding places in public spaces. METHODS This study, which was planned as a phenomenological research, one of qualitative research designs, was conducted with mothers (n = 18) with breastfeeding experience in public places. Data were collected through in-depth interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire developed by the researchers. The thematic analysis method was employed to evaluate the data. RESULTS Study findings were examined under two main themes and 12 subthemes. Getting to the breastfeeding place was actually enough for many of the participants. Women who could not breastfeed for any reason in breastfeeding places stated that they came up with some solutions, such as breastfeeding in the car, feeding with formula, and not taking the baby with them. Participants' basic expectations about the breastfeeding place were that it met cleanliness, hygiene, privacy, and ventilation conditions. CONCLUSIONS It was found that women who tended to spend more time in public spaces recently encountered similar problems during the breastfeeding process. Breastfeeding environments should meet minimum standards such as cleanliness and privacy as well as having the necessary comfort, aesthetics, and decoration features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Havva Yeşildere Sağlam
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kütahya Health Sciences University, Turkey
| | - Feyza Aktaş Reyhan
- Midwifery Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kütahya Health Sciences University, Turkey
| | - Elif Dağlı
- Department of Health Care Services, Abdi Sütcü Vocational School of Health Services, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
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Reyhan FA, Yeşildere Sağlam H, Sayiner FD. How Does the Breastfeeding Environment Affect Satisfaction? A Scale Development Study. HERD-HEALTH ENVIRONMENTS RESEARCH & DESIGN JOURNAL 2024:19375867241238467. [PMID: 38512991 DOI: 10.1177/19375867241238467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women need a safe and comfortable environment to breastfeed their babies. The quality of breastfeeding environments in social areas is important for women's breastfeeding satisfaction. AIM The aim of this study was to develop a measurement tool for the evaluation of breastfeeding environments and to examine the impact of the quality of breastfeeding environments in social areas on breastfeeding satisfaction. METHOD The first phase of the study was conducted in methodological design and the second phase in cross-sectional design. The draft scale was applied to 365 women who had breastfeeding experiences in social environments during the postpartum 6 months-3 years period. In the first stage, scale development analyses were applied. In the second stage, the developed scale was applied to 255 women. Frequency, percentage, Cronbach's α coefficient, and correlation analysis were used in the analysis of the data. RESULTS The Ideal Breastfeeding Environment Assessment Scale, consisting of 23 items and four subdimensions, was obtained in the study. As a result of the application of the scale in the second stage, the mean score of the breastfeeding environments evaluated by the women was 23.43 ± 8.36. A statistically significant moderate-weak correlation was found between the ideality of breastfeeding environments and the satisfaction levels of women (p < .001). CONCLUSION It was determined that the developed scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool that can be used to evaluate breastfeeding environments. As the quality of breastfeeding environments increases, women's breastfeeding satisfaction increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feyza Aktaş Reyhan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Midwifery, Kütahya Health Sciences University, Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Havva Yeşildere Sağlam
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Kütahya Health Sciences University, Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Fatma Deniz Sayiner
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Midwifery, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
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Uncovering the Experience: Return to Work of Nurses After Parental Leave. J Emerg Nurs 2023; 49:210-221. [PMID: 36411149 DOI: 10.1016/j.jen.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To understand the experiences of emergency nurses who have returned to work after parental leave, specifically relating to the return to work transition, work-life balance, work engagement, and opportunities to continue human milk expression. METHODS Nurses (N = 19) were recruited from 5 emergency departments within 1 hospital system in the United States Midwest. Nurses (n = 11) were eligible to participate in a one-on-one interview if they had returned from parental leave within 6 months of the interview date. Nurses (n = 8) were eligible to participate in a focus group if they had returned from parental leave within 2 years of the interview date. Interviews were structured and data collection concluded when researchers believed data saturation was reached. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed using Braun and Clarke's qualitative thematic analysis 6-phase framework. RESULTS Three major themes from the data were identified: (1) work engagement, (2) lactation, and (3) childcare. Work engagement was broken down into the subthemes: lack of communication, perceived engagement expectations, and actual engagement. Lactation was broken down into the subthemes: the act of pumping, lactation breaks, and lactation rooms. The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic impact on return-to-work is described under each major theme. DISCUSSION Our findings provide insight into the unique challenges and experiences of nurses navigating parental leave and return-to-work in the emergency department. Strategies such as provision of managerial check-ins, return to work reorientation, lactation break coverage, enhanced supplementary lactation support, and leadership-provided accommodation may lighten the burden of these challenges and improve the returning nurse's job satisfaction.
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Huang YY, Liu Q, Li JY, Yue SW, Xue B, Redding SR, Zhou WB, Ouyang YQ. Breastfeeding Practices of Women Returning to Full-Time Employment in China: Prevalence and Determinants. Workplace Health Saf 2023; 71:68-77. [PMID: 36514253 DOI: 10.1177/21650799221126371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Returning to work after childbirth is a common reason for women to stop breastfeeding. This study aimed to assess breastfeeding practices and breastfeeding support available to employed women in China, and factors affecting breastfeeding duration. METHODS A cross-sectional survey of 1,243 breastfeeding women employed full-time was conducted. Participants completed a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Workplace Breastfeeding Support Scale (WBSS). Multiple linear regression analysis was used to explore the factors that are associated with breastfeeding. RESULTS The mean exclusive breastfeeding duration and any breastfeeding duration of full-time employed women were 5.7 ± 0.5 months and 9.8 ± 1.5 months, respectively. The total WBSS score was 46.6 ± 5.3 (M ± SD). Generally, women perceived coworkers (M [SD] = 4.8 [1.0]) and supervisors (M [SD] = 5.7 [1.2]) to be supportive of breastfeeding. Lower scores on the WBSS were related to lack of technical and facility support, indicating no access to a refrigerator to store breast milk (M [SD] = 2.0 [1.5]) or to a breast pump (M [SD] = 1.7 [1.7]). Similarly, a private area for expressing breast milk (M [SD] = 1.4 [1.0]) was unavailable. Maternity leave, residential province, ethnicity, education level, average monthly household income, main reason for stopping exclusive breastfeeding, commute time greater than 1 hour, and the total WBSS score were also factors influencing breastfeeding duration of the full-time employed women. CONCLUSIONS There were gaps in breastfeeding practices and workplace breastfeeding support of Chinese full-time employed women when compared with the World Health Organization recommendations. Occupational health providers should consider these findings when developing programs to support breastfeeding in the workplace.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qian Liu
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University
| | | | | | - Bing Xue
- School of Nursing, Wuhan University
| | | | - Wen-Bin Zhou
- Department of Psychology, Hubei Provincial Corps Hospital, Chinese People Armed Police Forces
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Barasinski C, Stankovic M, Debost-Legrand A, Delabaere A, Vendittelli F, Dutheil F. Workplace Lactation Support: A Cross-Sectional Study in a University Hospital and a Perinatal Network. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173463. [PMID: 36079721 PMCID: PMC9460242 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Return to work negatively affects the initiation and duration of breastfeeding. Our study’s objective was to assess the percentage of departments in Auvergne with an appropriate space for pumping milk at work. Our cross-sectional survey investigated the arrangements for facilitating the continuation of breastfeeding on return to work at all departments at the Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital Center and perinatal (obstetric and pediatric) departments in this region. Our principal endpoint was the percentage of departments reporting that they had a lactation room—a room where nursing mothers can express milk—and whether it met the criteria defined by the French Labor Code. Among 98 respondents, 44 departments (44.9%) did not offer lactation rooms; of the remaining 54 departments, only 11 rooms met the legal requirements. All perinatal departments offered lactation rooms. The availability of a lactation room was associated with other breastfeeding support, such as a break period for expressing milk (p < 0.0001) and the availability of a refrigerator to store it (p = 0.01). Almost half the responding departments did not offer a lactation room where mothers could breastfeed or pump their milk. Measures must be envisioned to facilitate the pumping of breast milk by French women returning to work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Barasinski
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Clermont-Ferrand, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-0-473755089
| | - Marina Stankovic
- School of Midwifery, University of Clermont-Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Anne Debost-Legrand
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, CNRS, Institut Pascal, Réseau de Santé en Périnatalité d’Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Amélie Delabaere
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Clermont-Ferrand, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Françoise Vendittelli
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, CNRS, Institut Pascal, Réseau de Santé en Périnatalité d’Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Frédéric Dutheil
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale et Cognitive (LaPSCo), Physiological and Psychosocial Stress, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Université Clermont Auvergne, WittyFit, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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van Dellen SA, Wisse B, Mobach MP. Effects of lactation room quality on working mothers' feelings and thoughts related to breastfeeding and work: a randomized controlled trial and a field experiment. Int Breastfeed J 2022; 17:57. [PMID: 35945573 PMCID: PMC9361273 DOI: 10.1186/s13006-022-00499-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The challenging combination of breastfeeding and work is one of the main reasons for early breastfeeding cessation. Although the availability of a lactation room (defined as a private space designated for milk expression or breastfeeding) is important in enabling the combination of breastfeeding and work, little is known about the effects of lactation room quality on mothers’ feelings and thoughts related to breastfeeding and work. We hypothesized that a high-quality lactation room (designed using the Theory of Supportive Design) would cause mothers to experience less stress, have more positive thoughts about milk expression at work, perceive more organizational support, and report more subjective well-being, than a low-quality lactation room. Methods In an online randomized controlled trial (Study 1), Dutch mothers (N = 267) were shown either a high-quality or a low-quality lactation room (using pictures and descriptions for the manipulation) and were then asked about their feelings and thoughts. In a subsequent field experiment (Study 2) we modified the lactations rooms in a large organization in Groningen, the Netherlands, to manipulate lactation room quality, and asked mothers (N = 61) who used either a high-quality or low-quality lactation room to fill out surveys to assess the dependent variables. Results The online study showed that mothers exposed to the high-quality lactation room anticipated less stress, more positive cognitions about milk expression at work, more perceived organizational support, and more subjective well-being than mothers exposed to the low-quality lactation room (p < 0.05). Moreover, the effect of lactation room quality on perceived organizational support was especially pronounced for mothers who were higher in environmental sensitivity. The field experiment showed that use of the high-quality room led to less reported stress than use of the low-quality room (p < 0.05). We also found that mothers who were higher in environmental sensitivity perceived more control over milk expression at work and experienced more subjective well-being in the high-quality condition than in the low-quality condition (p < 0.05). Conclusion The current studies show that not only the availability, but also the quality of lactation rooms is important in facilitating the combination of breastfeeding and work. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13006-022-00499-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjoukje A van Dellen
- Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. .,NoorderRuimte, Research Centre for Built Environment, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Barbara Wisse
- Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mark P Mobach
- NoorderRuimte, Research Centre for Built Environment, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Faculty of Management and Organization, The Hague University of Applied Sciences, The Hague, The Netherlands
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