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Triozzi PM, Brunello L, Novi G, Ferri G, Cardarelli F, Loreti E, Perales M, Perata P. Spatiotemporal oxygen dynamics in young leaves reveal cyclic hypoxia in plants. MOLECULAR PLANT 2024; 17:377-394. [PMID: 38243593 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2024.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Oxygen is essential for plant growth and development. Hypoxia occurs in plants due to limited oxygen availability following adverse environmental conditions as well in hypoxic niches in otherwise normoxic environments. However, the existence and functional integration of spatiotemporal oxygen dynamics with plant development remains unknown. In animal systems dynamic fluctuations in oxygen availability are known as cyclic hypoxia. In this study, we demonstrate that cyclic fluctuations in internal oxygen levels occur in young emerging leaves of Arabidopsis plants. Cyclic hypoxia in plants is based on a mechanism requiring the ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTORS type VII (ERFVII) that are central components of the oxygen-sensing machinery in plants. The ERFVII-dependent mechanism allows precise adjustment of leaf growth in response to carbon status and oxygen availability within plant cells. This study thus establishes a functional connection between internal spatiotemporal oxygen dynamics and developmental processes of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo M Triozzi
- PlantLab, Center of Plant Sciences, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, 56010 Pisa, Italy; Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luca Brunello
- PlantLab, Center of Plant Sciences, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, 56010 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giacomo Novi
- PlantLab, Center of Plant Sciences, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, 56010 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Cardarelli
- Laboratorio NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Piazza S. Silvestro, 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Elena Loreti
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Mariano Perales
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pierdomenico Perata
- PlantLab, Center of Plant Sciences, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, 56010 Pisa, Italy.
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2
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Alique D, Redondo López A, González Schain N, Allona I, Wabnik K, Perales M. Core clock genes adjust growth cessation time to day-night switches in poplar. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1784. [PMID: 38413620 PMCID: PMC10899572 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46081-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Poplar trees use photoperiod as a precise seasonal indicator, synchronizing plant phenology with the environment. Daylength cue determines FLOWERING LOCUS T 2 (FT2) daily expression, crucial for shoot apex development and establishment of the annual growing period. However, limited evidence exists for the molecular factors controlling FT2 transcription and the conservation with the photoperiodic control of Arabidopsis flowering. We demonstrate that FT2 expression mediates growth cessation response quantitatively, and we provide a minimal data-driven model linking core clock genes to FT2 daily levels. GIGANTEA (GI) emerges as a critical inducer of the FT2 activation window, time-bound by TIMING OF CAB EXPRESSION (TOC1) and LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL (LHY2) repressions. CRISPR/Cas9 loss-of-function lines validate these roles, identifying TOC1 as a long-sought FT2 repressor. Additionally, model simulations predict that FT2 downregulation upon daylength shortening results from a progressive narrowing of this activation window, driven by the phase shift observed in the preceding clock genes. This circadian-mediated mechanism enables poplar to exploit FT2 levels as an accurate daylength-meter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Alique
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP, UPM-INIA) Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA, CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - Arturo Redondo López
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP, UPM-INIA) Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA, CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nahuel González Schain
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP, UPM-INIA) Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA, CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Isabel Allona
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP, UPM-INIA) Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA, CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Krzysztof Wabnik
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP, UPM-INIA) Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA, CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, 28040, Spain.
| | - Mariano Perales
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP, UPM-INIA) Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA, CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, 28040, Spain.
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3
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Latif S, Gottschamel J, Syed T, Younus I, Gull K, Sameeullah M, Batool N, Lössl AG, Mariz F, Müller M, Mirza B, Waheed MT. Inducible expression of human papillomavirus-16 L1 capsomeres in the plastomes of Nicotiana tabacum: Transplastomic plants develop normal flowers and pollen. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2022; 69:596-611. [PMID: 33650709 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus type-16 (HPV-16) is the major HPV type involved in causing cervical cancer among women. The disease burden is high in developing and underdeveloped countries. Previously, the constitutive expression of HPV-16 L1 protein led to male sterility in transplastomic tobacco plants. Here, the HPV-16 L1 gene was expressed in chloroplasts of Nicotiana tabacum under the control of an ethanol-inducible promoter, trans-activated by nucleus-derived signal peptide. Plants containing nuclear component were transformed with transformation vector pEXP-T7-L1 by biolistic gun. The transformation and homoplasmic status of transformed plants was verified by polymerase chain reaction and Southern blotting, respectively. Protein was induced by spraying 5% ethanol for 7 consecutive days. The correct folding of L1 protein was confirmed by antigen-capture ELISA using a conformation-specific antibody. The L1 protein accumulated up to 3 μg/g of fresh plant material. The L1 protein was further purified using affinity chromatography. All transplastomic plants developed normal flowers and produced viable seeds upon self-pollination. Pollens also showed completely normal structure under light microscope and scanning electron microscopy. These data confirm the use of the inducible expression as plant-safe approach for expressing transgenes in plants, especially those genes that cause detrimental effects on plant growth and morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Latif
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Johanna Gottschamel
- Department of Applied Plant Science and Plant Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Tahira Syed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Iqra Younus
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, , Oxford Road, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kehkshan Gull
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sameeullah
- Innovative Food Technologies Development Application and Research Centre, Faculty of Engineering, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Golkoye Campus, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Neelam Batool
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Andreas Günter Lössl
- Department of Applied Plant Science and Plant Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Filipe Mariz
- Tumorvirus-specific Vaccination Strategies, Infection, Inflammation and Cancer Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Müller
- Tumorvirus-specific Vaccination Strategies, Infection, Inflammation and Cancer Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bushra Mirza
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Tahir Waheed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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4
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Chang T, Zhao Y, He H, Xi Q, Fu J, Zhao Y. Exogenous melatonin improves growth in hulless barley seedlings under cold stress by influencing the expression rhythms of circadian clock genes. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10740. [PMID: 33552735 PMCID: PMC7831369 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Melatonin is a hormone substance that exists in various living organisms. Since it was discovered in the pineal gland of cattle in 1956, the function of melatonin in animals has been roughly clarified. Nevertheless, in plants, the research on melatonin is still insufficient. Hulless barley (Hordeum vulgare L. var. nudum hook. f.) is a crop that originates from cultivated barley in the east, usually grown on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, becoming the most important food crop in this area. Although the genome and transcriptome research of highland barley has gradually increased recently years, there are still many problems about how hulless barley adapts to the cold climate of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Methods In this study, we set three temperature conditions 25°C, 15°C, 5°C hulless barley seedlings, and at the same time soaked the hulless barley seeds with a 1 µM melatonin solution for 12 hours before the hulless barley seeds germinated. Afterwards, the growth and physiological indicators of hulless barley seedlings under different treatment conditions were determined. Meanwhile, the qRT-PCR method was used to determine the transcription level of the hulless barley circadian clock genes under different treatment conditions under continuous light conditions. Results The results showed the possible mechanism by which melatonin pretreatment can promote the growth of hulless barley under cold stress conditions by studying the effect of melatonin on the rhythm of the circadian clock system and some physiological indicators. The results revealed that the application of 1 µM melatonin could alleviate the growth inhibition of hulless barley seedlings caused by cold stress. In addition, exogenous melatonin could also restore the circadian rhythmic oscillation of circadian clock genes, such as HvCCA1 and HvTOC1, whose circadian rhythmic phenotypes were lost due to environmental cold stress. Additionally, the results confirmed that exogenous melatonin even reduced the accumulation of key physiological indicators under cold stress, including malondialdehyde and soluble sugars. Discussion Overall, these findings revealed an important mechanism that exogenous melatonin alleviated the inhibition of plant vegetative growths either by restoring the disrupted circadian rhythmic expression oscillations of clock genes, or by regulating the accumulation profiles of pivotal physiological indicators under cold stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianliang Chang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China.,Life Sciences School of Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in western China (Ministry of Education), Xi'an, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China.,Life Sciences School of Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in western China (Ministry of Education), Xi'an, China
| | - Hongyan He
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China.,Life Sciences School of Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in western China (Ministry of Education), Xi'an, China
| | - Qianqian Xi
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China.,Life Sciences School of Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in western China (Ministry of Education), Xi'an, China
| | - Jiayi Fu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China.,Life Sciences School of Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in western China (Ministry of Education), Xi'an, China
| | - Yuwei Zhao
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China.,Life Sciences School of Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in western China (Ministry of Education), Xi'an, China
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5
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Zheng L, Yang J, Chen Y, Ding L, Wei J, Wang H. An improved and efficient method of Agrobacterium syringe infiltration for transient transformation and its application in the elucidation of gene function in poplar. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:54. [PMID: 33478390 PMCID: PMC7818742 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02833-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Forest trees have important economic and ecological value. As a model tree, poplar has played a significant role in elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying tree biology. However, a lack of mutant libraries and time-consuming stable genetic transformation processes severely limit progress into the functional characterization of poplar genes. A convenient and fast transient transformation method is therefore needed to enhance progress on functional genomics in poplar. METHODS A total of 11 poplar clones were screened for amenability to syringe infiltration. Syringe infiltration was performed on the lower side of the leaves of young soil-grown plants. Transient expression was evaluated by visualizing the reporters β-glucuronidase (GUS) and green fluorescent protein (GFP). The experimental parameters of the syringe agroinfiltration were optimized based on the expression levels of the reporter luciferase (LUC). Stably transformed plants were regenerated from transiently transformed leaf explants through callus-induced organogenesis. The functions of Populus genes in secondary cell wall-thickening were characterized by visualizing lignin deposition therein after staining with basic fuchsin. RESULTS We greatly improved the transient transformation efficiency of syringe Agrobacterium infiltration in poplar through screening for a suitable poplar clone from a variety of clones and optimizing the syringe infiltration procedure. The selected poplar clone, Populus davidiana × P. bolleana, is amenable to Agrobacterium syringe infiltration, as indicated by the easy diffusion of the bacterial suspension inside the leaf tissues. Using this technique, we localized a variety of poplar proteins in specific intracellular organelles and illustrated the protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions. The transiently transformed leaves could be used to generate stably transformed plants with high efficiency through callus induction and differentiation processes. Furthermore, transdifferentiation of the protoxylem-like vessel element and ectopic secondary wall thickening were induced in the agroinfiltrated leaves via the transient overexpression of genes associated with secondary wall formation. CONCLUSIONS The application of P. davidiana × P. bolleana in Agrobacterium syringe infiltration provides a foundation for the rapid and high-throughput functional characterization of Populus genes in intact poplar plants, including those involved in wood formation, and provides an effective alternative to Populus stable genetic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zheng
- Beijing Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, No. 9, Shuguang Huayuan Middle Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100097, People's Republic of China
| | - Jixiu Yang
- Beijing Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, No. 9, Shuguang Huayuan Middle Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100097, People's Republic of China
- College of Bioscience and Resources Environment, Beijing University of Agriculture, No. 7, Beinong Road, Huilongguan, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajuan Chen
- Beijing Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, No. 9, Shuguang Huayuan Middle Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100097, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Ding
- Beijing Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, No. 9, Shuguang Huayuan Middle Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100097, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Wei
- Beijing Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, No. 9, Shuguang Huayuan Middle Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100097, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- Beijing Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, No. 9, Shuguang Huayuan Middle Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100097, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Ribeiro CL, Conde D, Balmant KM, Dervinis C, Johnson MG, McGrath AP, Szewczyk P, Unda F, Finegan CA, Schmidt HW, Miles B, Drost DR, Novaes E, Gonzalez-Benecke CA, Peter GF, Burleigh JG, Martin TA, Mansfield SD, Chang G, Wickett NJ, Kirst M. The uncharacterized gene EVE contributes to vessel element dimensions in Populus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:5059-5066. [PMID: 32041869 PMCID: PMC7060721 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1912434117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The radiation of angiosperms led to the emergence of the vast majority of today's plant species and all our major food crops. Their extraordinary diversification occurred in conjunction with the evolution of a more efficient vascular system for the transport of water, composed of vessel elements. The physical dimensions of these water-conducting specialized cells have played a critical role in angiosperm evolution; they determine resistance to water flow, influence photosynthesis rate, and contribute to plant stature. However, the genetic factors that determine their dimensions are unclear. Here we show that a previously uncharacterized gene, ENLARGED VESSEL ELEMENT (EVE), contributes to the dimensions of vessel elements in Populus, impacting hydraulic conductivity. Our data suggest that EVE is localized in the plasma membrane and is involved in potassium uptake of differentiating xylem cells during vessel development. In plants, EVE first emerged in streptophyte algae, but expanded dramatically among vessel-containing angiosperms. The phylogeny, structure and composition of EVE indicates that it may have been involved in an ancient horizontal gene-transfer event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cíntia L Ribeiro
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Daniel Conde
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Kelly M Balmant
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Christopher Dervinis
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | | | - Aaron P McGrath
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Paul Szewczyk
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Faride Unda
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Christina A Finegan
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Henry W Schmidt
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Brianna Miles
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Derek R Drost
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Evandro Novaes
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | | | - Gary F Peter
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - J Gordon Burleigh
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Timothy A Martin
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Shawn D Mansfield
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Geoffrey Chang
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Norman J Wickett
- Plant Science and Conservation, Chicago Botanic Garden, Glencoe, IL 60622
- Plant Biology and Conservation, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Matias Kirst
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611;
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
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7
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Ramos-Sánchez JM, Triozzi PM, Alique D, Geng F, Gao M, Jaeger KE, Wigge PA, Allona I, Perales M. LHY2 Integrates Night-Length Information to Determine Timing of Poplar Photoperiodic Growth. Curr Biol 2019; 29:2402-2406.e4. [PMID: 31257141 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Day length is a key indicator of seasonal information that determines major patterns of behavior in plants and animals. Photoperiodism has been described in plants for about 100 years, but the underlying molecular mechanisms of day length perception and signal transduction in many systems are not well understood. In trees, photoperiod perception plays a major role in growth cessation during the autumn as well as activating the resumption of shoot growth in the spring, both processes controlled by FLOWERING LOCUS T2 (FT2) expression levels and critical for the survival of perennial plants over winter [1-4]. It has been shown that the conserved role of poplar orthologs to Arabidopsis CONSTANS (CO) directly activates FT2 expression [1, 5]. Overexpression of poplar CO is, however, not sufficient to sustain FT2 expression under short days [5], pointing to the presence of an additional short-day-dependent FT2 repression pathway in poplar. We find that night length information is transmitted via the expression level of a poplar clock gene, LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 2 (LHY2), which controls FT2 expression. Repression of FT2 is a function of the night extension and LHY2 expression level. We show that LHY2 is necessary and sufficient to activate night length repressive signaling. We propose that the photoperiodic control of shoot growth in poplar involves a balance between FT2 activating and repressing pathways. Our results show that poplar relies on night length measurement to determine photoperiodism through interaction between light signaling pathways and the circadian clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Ramos-Sánchez
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP, UPM-INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid 28223, Spain
| | - Paolo M Triozzi
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP, UPM-INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid 28223, Spain
| | - Daniel Alique
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP, UPM-INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid 28223, Spain
| | - Feng Geng
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Mingjun Gao
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Katja E Jaeger
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK; Leibniz-Institut für Gemüse- und Zierpflanzenbau, Großbeeren 14979, Germany
| | - Philip A Wigge
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK; Leibniz-Institut für Gemüse- und Zierpflanzenbau, Großbeeren 14979, Germany; Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Isabel Allona
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP, UPM-INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid 28223, Spain; Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | - Mariano Perales
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP, UPM-INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid 28223, Spain.
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8
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Triozzi PM, Ramos-Sánchez JM, Hernández-Verdeja T, Moreno-Cortés A, Allona I, Perales M. Photoperiodic Regulation of Shoot Apical Growth in Poplar. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1030. [PMID: 30057588 PMCID: PMC6053638 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Woody perennials adapt their genetic traits to local climate conditions. Day length plays an essential role in the seasonal growth of poplar trees. When photoperiod falls below a given critical day length, poplars undergo growth cessation and bud set. A leaf-localized mechanism of photoperiod measurement triggers the transcriptional modulation of a long distance signaling molecule, FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT). This molecule targets meristem function giving rise to these seasonal responses. Studies over the past decade have identified conserved orthologous genes involved in photoperiodic flowering in Arabidopsis that regulate poplar vegetative growth. However, phenological and molecular examination of key photoperiod signaling molecules reveals functional differences between these two plant model systems suggesting alternative components and/or regulatory mechanisms operating during poplar vegetative growth. Here, we review current knowledge and provide new data regarding the molecular components of the photoperiod measuring mechanism that regulates annual growth in poplar focusing on main achievements and new perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo M. Triozzi
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y AlimentariaMadrid, Spain
| | - José M. Ramos-Sánchez
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y AlimentariaMadrid, Spain
| | - Tamara Hernández-Verdeja
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y AlimentariaMadrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Moreno-Cortés
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y AlimentariaMadrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Allona
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y AlimentariaMadrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de MadridMadrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Isabel Allona
| | - Mariano Perales
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y AlimentariaMadrid, Spain
- Mariano Perales
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