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Blazakis KN, Stupichev D, Kosma M, El Chami MAH, Apodiakou A, Kostelenos G, Kalaitzis P. Discrimination of 14 olive cultivars using morphological analysis and machine learning algorithms. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1441737. [PMID: 39175491 PMCID: PMC11340652 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1441737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Traditional morphological analysis is a widely employed tool for the identification and discrimination of olive germplasm by using morphological markers which are monitored by subjective manual measurements that are labor intensive and time-consuming. Alternatively, an automated methodology can quantify the geometrical features of fruits, leaves and endocarps with high accuracy and efficiency in order to define their morphological characteristics. In this study, 24 characteristics for fruits, 16 for leaves and 25 for endocarps were determined and used in an automated way with basic classifiers combined with a meta-classsifier approach. This resulted to the discrimination of 14 olive cultivars utilizing data obtained from two consecutive olive growing periods. The cultivar classification algorithms were based on machine learning techniques. The 95% accuracy rate of the meta-classifier approach indicated that was an efficient tool to discriminate olive cultivars. The contribution of each morphological feature to cultivar discrimination was quantified, and the significance of each one was automatically detected in a quantitative way. The higher the contribution of each feature, the higher the significance for cultivar discrimination. The identification of most cultivars was guided by the features of both endocarps and fruits, while those of leaves were only efficient to identify the Kalamon cultivar. The combined use of morphological features of three olive organs might have an additive effect leading to higher capacity for discrimination of cultivars. The proposed methodology might be considered a phenomics tool for olive cultivar identification and discrimination in a wide range of applications including breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos N. Blazakis
- Department of Horticultural Genetics and Biotechnology, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania (MAICh), Chania, Greece
| | - Danil Stupichev
- Department of Horticultural Genetics and Biotechnology, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania (MAICh), Chania, Greece
| | - Maria Kosma
- Department of Horticultural Genetics and Biotechnology, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania (MAICh), Chania, Greece
| | - Mohamad Ali Hassan El Chami
- Department of Horticultural Genetics and Biotechnology, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania (MAICh), Chania, Greece
| | - Anastasia Apodiakou
- Department of Horticultural Genetics and Biotechnology, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania (MAICh), Chania, Greece
| | | | - Panagiotis Kalaitzis
- Department of Horticultural Genetics and Biotechnology, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania (MAICh), Chania, Greece
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Romero-Márquez JM, Navarro-Hortal MD, Forbes-Hernández TY, Varela-López A, Puentes JG, Sánchez-González C, Sumalla-Cano S, Battino M, García-Ruiz R, Sánchez S, Quiles JL. Effect of olive leaf phytochemicals on the anti-acetylcholinesterase, anti-cyclooxygenase-2 and ferric reducing antioxidant capacity. Food Chem 2024; 444:138516. [PMID: 38306771 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the phytochemical profile of fifty olive leaves (OL) extracts from Spain, Italy, Greece, Portugal, and Morocco was characterized and their anti-cholinergic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities were evaluated. Luteolin-7-O-glucoside, isoharmnentin, and apigenin were involved in the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity, while oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol showed noteworthy potential. Secoiridoids contributed to the cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitory activity and antioxidant capacity. Compounds such as oleuropein, ligstroside and luteolin-7-O-glucoside, may exert an important role in the ferric reducing antioxidant capacity. It should be also highlighted the role of hydroxytyrosol, hydroxycoumarins, and verbascoside concerning the antioxidant activity. This research provides valuable insights and confirms that specific compounds within OL extracts contribute to distinct anti-cholinergic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Romero-Márquez
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Armilla, Spain
| | - María D Navarro-Hortal
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Armilla, Spain
| | - Tamara Y Forbes-Hernández
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Armilla, Spain.
| | - Alfonso Varela-López
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Armilla, Spain
| | - Juan G Puentes
- University Institute of Research in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Cristina Sánchez-González
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Armilla, Spain; Sport and Health Research Centre, University of Granada, C/Menéndez Pelayo 32, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Sandra Sumalla-Cano
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres, 21, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres, 21, 39011 Santander, Spain; Department of Health, Nutrition and Sport, Iberoamerican International University, Campeche, 24560, Mexico; Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-products Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Roberto García-Ruiz
- University Institute of Research in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Sebastián Sánchez
- University Institute of Research in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - José L Quiles
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Armilla, Spain; Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres, 21, 39011 Santander, Spain.
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Azariadis A, Vouligeas F, Salame E, Kouhen M, Rizou M, Blazakis K, Sotiriou P, Ezzat L, Mekkaoui K, Monzer A, Krokida A, Adamakis ID, Dandachi F, Shalha B, Kostelenos G, Figgou E, Giannoutsou E, Kalaitzis P. Response of Prolyl 4 Hydroxylases, Arabinogalactan Proteins and Homogalacturonans in Four Olive Cultivars under Long-Term Salinity Stress in Relation to Physiological and Morphological Changes. Cells 2023; 12:1466. [PMID: 37296587 PMCID: PMC10252747 DOI: 10.3390/cells12111466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Olive (Olea europeae L.) salinity stress induces responses at morphological, physiological and molecular levels, affecting plant productivity. Four olive cultivars with differential tolerance to salt were grown under saline conditions in long barrels for regular root growth to mimic field conditions. Arvanitolia and Lefkolia were previously reported as tolerant to salinity, and Koroneiki and Gaidourelia were characterized as sensitive, exhibiting a decrease in leaf length and leaf area index after 90 days of salinity. Prolyl 4-hydroxylases (P4Hs) hydroxylate cell wall glycoproteins such as arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs). The expression patterns of P4Hs and AGPs under saline conditions showed cultivar-dependent differences in leaves and roots. In the tolerant cultivars, no changes in OeP4H and OeAGP mRNAs were observed, while in the sensitive cultivars, the majority of OeP4Hs and OeAGPs were upregulated in leaves. Immunodetection showed that the AGP signal intensity and the cortical cell size, shape and intercellular spaces under saline conditions were similar to the control in Arvanitolia, while in Koroneiki, a weak AGP signal was associated with irregular cells and intercellular spaces, leading to aerenchyma formation after 45 days of NaCl treatment. Moreover, the acceleration of endodermal development and the formation of exodermal and cortical cells with thickened cell walls were observed, and an overall decrease in the abundance of cell wall homogalacturonans was detected in salt-treated roots. In conclusion, Arvanitolia and Lefkolia exhibited the highest adaptive capacity to salinity, indicating that their use as rootstocks might provide increased tolerance to irrigation with saline water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristotelis Azariadis
- Department of Horticultural Genetics & Biotechnology, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Alsyllion Agrokipiou, 73100 Chania, Greece
| | - Filippos Vouligeas
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Elige Salame
- Department of Horticultural Genetics & Biotechnology, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Alsyllion Agrokipiou, 73100 Chania, Greece
| | - Mohamed Kouhen
- Department of Horticultural Genetics & Biotechnology, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Alsyllion Agrokipiou, 73100 Chania, Greece
| | - Myrto Rizou
- Department of Horticultural Genetics & Biotechnology, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Alsyllion Agrokipiou, 73100 Chania, Greece
| | - Kostantinos Blazakis
- Department of Horticultural Genetics & Biotechnology, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Alsyllion Agrokipiou, 73100 Chania, Greece
| | - Penelope Sotiriou
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Lamia Ezzat
- Department of Horticultural Genetics & Biotechnology, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Alsyllion Agrokipiou, 73100 Chania, Greece
| | - Khansa Mekkaoui
- Department of Horticultural Genetics & Biotechnology, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Alsyllion Agrokipiou, 73100 Chania, Greece
| | - Aline Monzer
- Department of Horticultural Genetics & Biotechnology, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Alsyllion Agrokipiou, 73100 Chania, Greece
| | - Afroditi Krokida
- Department of Horticultural Genetics & Biotechnology, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Alsyllion Agrokipiou, 73100 Chania, Greece
| | | | - Faten Dandachi
- Department of Horticultural Genetics & Biotechnology, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Alsyllion Agrokipiou, 73100 Chania, Greece
| | - Boushra Shalha
- Department of Horticultural Genetics & Biotechnology, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Alsyllion Agrokipiou, 73100 Chania, Greece
| | | | - Eleftheria Figgou
- Department of Horticultural Genetics & Biotechnology, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Alsyllion Agrokipiou, 73100 Chania, Greece
| | - Eleni Giannoutsou
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Kalaitzis
- Department of Horticultural Genetics & Biotechnology, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Alsyllion Agrokipiou, 73100 Chania, Greece
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Passeri V, Sammut C, Mifsud D, Domesi A, Stanzione V, Baldoni L, Mousavi S, Mariotti R, Pandolfi S, Cinosi N, Famiani F, Bufacchi M. The Ancient Olive Trees ( Olea europaea L.) of the Maltese Islands: A Rich and Unexplored Patrimony to Enhance Oliviculture. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1988. [PMID: 37653905 PMCID: PMC10221224 DOI: 10.3390/plants12101988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
A prospecting campaign in the Maltese Islands has ensured the survival of several ancient olive trees (Olea europaea L.), genetically distant from known cultivars. Most of these plants were abandoned or partially cultivated. A two-year evaluation of fruit characteristics and compositions was performed on samples collected from the main representatives of these indigenous genotypes. Analyses were carried out using Gas Chromatography, High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Near Infrared Spectrometry. Among the fruit samples, a wide range of variations was observed. Some of the genotypes showed fruit traits suitable for table olive production. This is the case of samples with a pulp/pit ratio higher than four, such as 1Wardija, 1Caritas, 1Plattini, 1Bingemma Malta and 3Loretu, whilst 1Bidni, 1Mellieha, 2Qnotta, 3Loretu, 1Bingemma Malta and 1Caritas were suitable for dual purpose. The total phenol content ranged from 6.3 (1Wardija) to 117.9 (2Mtarfa) g/kg of fresh pulp. The average percentage of MUFA was quite low for most of the varieties. These genotypes, which presumably originated in the Maltese Islands and are well adapted to the local pedo-climatic conditions, are being propagated for the following evaluation of their bio-agronomical performance (production, suitability to intensive cultivation, environmental sustainability, product quality, etc.). The purpose is to select, among these local genotypes, the most outstanding varieties, in terms of phenolic and FA profile and agronomical potential, to spread into cultivation, thereby contributing to an increase in the quality of the local table and olive oil production, strongly linked to the territory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Passeri
- Institute for Agricultural and Forest Systems in the Mediterranean, National Research Council, 06128 Perugia, Italy
| | - Clayton Sammut
- Institute of Earth Systems, Division of Rural Sciences and Food Systems, University of Malta, 2080 Msida, MSD, Malta
| | - David Mifsud
- Institute of Earth Systems, Division of Rural Sciences and Food Systems, University of Malta, 2080 Msida, MSD, Malta
| | - Andrea Domesi
- Institute for Agricultural and Forest Systems in the Mediterranean, National Research Council, 06128 Perugia, Italy
| | - Vitale Stanzione
- Institute for Agricultural and Forest Systems in the Mediterranean, National Research Council, 06128 Perugia, Italy
| | - Luciana Baldoni
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council, 06128 Perugia, Italy
| | - Soraya Mousavi
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council, 06128 Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberto Mariotti
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council, 06128 Perugia, Italy
| | - Saverio Pandolfi
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council, 06128 Perugia, Italy
| | - Nicola Cinosi
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 06121 Perugia, Italy (F.F.)
| | - Franco Famiani
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 06121 Perugia, Italy (F.F.)
| | - Marina Bufacchi
- Institute for Agricultural and Forest Systems in the Mediterranean, National Research Council, 06128 Perugia, Italy
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Jukić Špika M, Romić D, Žanetić M, Zovko M, Klepo T, Strikić F, Perica S. Irrigation of Young Olives Grown on Reclaimed Karst Soil Increases Fruit Size, Weight and Oil Yield and Balances the Sensory Oil Profile. Foods 2022; 11:foods11182923. [PMID: 36141049 PMCID: PMC9498773 DOI: 10.3390/foods11182923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The influence of different irrigation regimes on olive fruit morphological parameters and on the quantity and quality (marketable indices, phenolic content, fatty acid composition, and sensory profile) of virgin olive oil (VOO) obtained from the Croatian cultivar Oblica, grown on an extremely rocky and dry reclaimed karst soil, was studied over three years. Four treatments were applied: rain-fed and three treatments calculated as 50%, 75%, and 100% of the crop’s irrigation requirement (Irr). Principal component analysis separated growing seasons (GS) that differed in precipitation. In the 2016 season, which had a low number of fruits per kilogram and provided a higher amount of balanced VOO with medium to intense bitterness and pungency (rain-fed treatment), the oil yield increased by irrigation (Irr 75 and Irr 100) up to 18%, while unchanged phenolics, bitterness, and pungency were observed for the VOOs obtained. In the drier GS (2017), which under rain-fed conditions had high fruit per kg, smallest fruit sizes, and lowest oil yield, and in which the VOOs had high phenolic content and intense sensory taste attributes, fruit weight, fruit sizes, and oil yield increased by 35% in all irrigation treatments, while phenols, bitterness, and pungency decreased, balancing the sensory profile of the VOOs. The results obtained here led us to conclude that the irrigation of young olives resulted in a positive effect, with the indication that an abundant water supply is more effective in drought conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Jukić Špika
- Department of Applied Sciences, Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Put Duilova 11, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Svetošimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-21-43-44-82
| | - Davor Romić
- Department of Soil Amelioration, University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Svetošimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mirella Žanetić
- Department of Applied Sciences, Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Put Duilova 11, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Svetošimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Monika Zovko
- Department of Soil Amelioration, University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Svetošimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tatjana Klepo
- Department of Plant Sciences, Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Put Duilova 11, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Center of Pomology, Croatian Agency for Agriculture and Food, Kralja Zvonimira 14a, 21210 Solin, Croatia
| | - Frane Strikić
- Department of Plant Sciences, Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Put Duilova 11, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Department of Marine Studies, University of Split, R. Boškovića 37, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Slavko Perica
- Department of Applied Sciences, Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Put Duilova 11, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Svetošimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Combined Sulfur and Nitrogen Foliar Application Increases Extra Virgin Olive Oil Quantity without Affecting Its Nutritional Quality. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8030203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the effect of combined sulfur (S) and nitrogen (N) foliar fertilization on leaf S and N concentration, as well as on the growth of olive fruit and on the quantity and quality of olive oil, obtained from two olive cultivars ‘Istarska bjelica’ and ‘Leccino’ in two consecutive years. S and N are some of the most important nutrients, and both play a crucial role in plant oil production. The here-reported fertilization program significantly increased S concentration in leaves without affecting N concentration, which led to an increase in fruit yield and improvement of all fruit morphological parameters. The best oil yield per tree was obtained under the treatment with the highest S/N dose. Oil quality was not affected by S and N supply, and this allowed us to classify all our oil samples as extra virgin (EVOO). Regarding the content of total phenols (TPC) and composition of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), they remained unaltered under the applied treatments. All investigated fruit morphological parameters, as well as fruit and oil yield, were highly cultivar-dependent. ‘Istarska bjelica’ was characterized as a cultivar with higher fruit mass and pulp percentage, while its stone parameters were lower than those of ‘Leccino’. Consequently, the extraction oil yield obtained from ‘Istarska bjelica’ fruits was much higher. Moreover, environmental conditions had a great impact on fruit and oil quantity. The here-obtained results led us to the conclusion that supply of S and N can enhance oil production without affecting its nutritional quality, a finding that could generate large long-term effects on economic growth in the olive oil sector.
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Di Serio MG, Giansante L, Del Re P, Pollastri L, Panni F, Valli E, Di Giacinto L. Characterization of 'Olivastro di Bucchianico cv' extra virgin olive oils and its recognition by HS-GC-IMS. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:6074-6082. [PMID: 33899234 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single cultivar 'Olivastro di Bucchianico' extra virgin olive oil is obtained from olives cultivated in a narrow area of the Abruzzo region, Italy. This cultivar is mostly present in the municipality of Bucchianico and in some neighbouring municipalities in the province of Chieti. There is very little research in the literature describing the morphological and chemical characteristics of this cultivar. RESULTS A morphological characterization of the plant and the fruit was carried out. In addition, we characterized the chemical, physical-chemical and sensory properties of the extra virgin olive oil. The following analyses were conducted: free acidity, peroxide value, ultraviolet spectrophotometric indices, contents in fatty acid ethyl esters, waxes, tocopherols, fatty acids, triglycerides, sterols, alcohols, phenolic substances, volatile compounds and sensory profile. The analysis of the volatile compounds was performed using a headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS) instrument connected to a nitrogen generator for carrier/drift gas production. CONCLUSION The results of the chemical analyses showed good levels of nutraceutical components in the oils, which were found to be organoleptically well balanced with medium values of fruity, bitter and pungent. The HS-GC-IMS method based on the analysis of 15 volatile molecules might be a useful tool for a chemometric discrimination of the varietal origin for the oils under investigation. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gabriella Di Serio
- Council for Agricultural Research and Agricultural Economy Analysis - Research Centre for Engineering and Agro-Food Processing (CREA-IT), Head Office Pescara, Cepagatti, Pescara, 65012, Italy
| | - Lucia Giansante
- Council for Agricultural Research and Agricultural Economy Analysis - Research Centre for Engineering and Agro-Food Processing (CREA-IT), Head Office Pescara, Cepagatti, Pescara, 65012, Italy
| | - Paolo Del Re
- Council for Agricultural Research and Agricultural Economy Analysis - Research Centre for Engineering and Agro-Food Processing (CREA-IT), Head Office Pescara, Cepagatti, Pescara, 65012, Italy
| | | | - Filippo Panni
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Enrico Valli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Agrofood Research, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Luciana Di Giacinto
- Council for Agricultural Research and Agricultural Economy Analysis - Research Centre for Engineering and Agro-Food Processing (CREA-IT), Head Office Pescara, Cepagatti, Pescara, 65012, Italy
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8
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How to Choose a Good Marker to Analyze the Olive Germplasm ( Olea europaea L.) and Derived Products. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12101474. [PMID: 34680869 PMCID: PMC8535536 DOI: 10.3390/genes12101474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The olive tree (Olea europaea L.) is one of the most cultivated crops in the Mediterranean basin. Its economic importance is mainly due to the intense production of table olives and oil. Cultivated varieties are characterized by high morphological and genetic variability and present a large number of synonyms and homonyms. This necessitates the introduction of a rapid and accurate system for varietal identification. In the past, the recognition of olive cultivars was based solely on analysis of the morphological traits, however, these are highly influenced by environmental conditions. Therefore, over the years, several methods based on DNA analysis were developed, allowing a more accurate and reliable varietal identification. This review aims to investigate the evolving history of olive tree characterization approaches, starting from the earlier morphological methods to the latest technologies based on molecular markers, focusing on the main applications of each approach. Furthermore, we discuss the impact of the advent of next generation sequencing and the recent sequencing of the olive genome on the strategies used for the development of new molecular markers.
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Authentication and Chemometric Discrimination of Six Greek PDO Table Olive Varieties through Morphological Characteristics of Their Stones. Foods 2021; 10:foods10081829. [PMID: 34441607 PMCID: PMC8394922 DOI: 10.3390/foods10081829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Table olives, the number one consumed fermented food in Europe, are widely consumed as they contain many valuable ingredients for health. It is also a food which may be the subject of adulteration, as many different olive varieties with different geographical origin, exist all over the word. In the present study, the image analysis of stones of six main Greek protected designation of origin (PDO) table olive varieties was performed for the control of their authentication and discrimination, with cv. Prasines Chalkidikis, cv. Kalamata Olive, cv. Konservolia Stylidas, cv. Konservolia Amfissis, cv. Throuba Thassos and cv. Throuba Chios being the studied olive varieties. Orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was used for discrimination and classification of the six Greek table olive varieties. With a 98.33% of varietal discrimination, the OPLS-DA model proved to be an efficient tool to authentify table olive varieties from their morphological characteristics.
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Hyperspectral Reflectance as a Basis to Discriminate Olive Varieties—A Tool for Sustainable Crop Management. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12073059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide sustainable development is threatened by current agricultural land change trends, particularly by the increasing rural farmland abandonment and agricultural intensification phenomena. In Mediterranean countries, these processes are affecting especially traditional olive groves with enormous socio-economic costs to rural areas, endangering environmental sustainability and biodiversity. Traditional olive groves abandonment and intensification are clearly related to the reduction of olive oil production income, leading to reduced economic viability. Most promising strategies to boost traditional groves competitiveness—such as olive oil differentiation through adoption of protected denomination of origin labels and development of value-added olive products—rely on knowledge of the olive varieties and its specific properties that confer their uniqueness and authenticity. Given the lack of information about olive varieties on traditional groves, a feasible and inexpensive method of variety identification is required. We analyzed leaf spectral information of ten Portuguese olive varieties with a powerful data-mining approach in order to verify the ability of satellite’s hyperspectral sensors to provide an accurate olive variety identification. Our results show that these olive varieties are distinguishable by leaf reflectance information and suggest that even satellite open-source data could be used to map them. Additional advantages of olive varieties mapping were further discussed.
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11
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Miazzi MM, di Rienzo V, Mascio I, Montemurro C, Sion S, Sabetta W, Vivaldi GA, Camposeo S, Caponio F, Squeo G, Difonzo G, Loconsole G, Bottalico G, Venerito P, Montilon V, Saponari A, Altamura G, Mita G, Petrontino A, Fucilli V, Bozzo F. Re.Ger.O.P.: An Integrated Project for the Recovery of Ancient and Rare Olive Germplasm. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:73. [PMID: 32153605 PMCID: PMC7044272 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The olive tree is one of the most important economic, cultural, and environmental resources for Italy, in particular for the Apulian region, where it shows a wide diversity. The increasing attention to the continuous loss of plant genetic diversity due to social, economic and climatic changes, has favored a renewed interest in strategies aimed at the recovery and conservation of these genetic resources. In the frame of a project for the valorization of the olive Apulian biodiversity (Re.Ger.O.P. project), 177 minor genotypes were recovered in different territories of the region. They were submitted to morphological, molecular, technological and phytosanitary status analysis in comparison with reference cultivars, then they were propagated and transferred in an ex situ field. All the available information was stored in an internal regional database including photographic documentation and geographic position. The work allowed obtaining information about the genetic diversity of Apulian germplasm, to clarify cases of homonymy and synonymy, to check the sanitary status, and to identify candidate genotypes useful both to set up breeding programs and to enrich the panel of olive cultivars available to farmers for commercial exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Isabella Mascio
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- SINAGRI S.r.l.—Spin Off of the University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Cinzia Montemurro
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- SINAGRI S.r.l.—Spin Off of the University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Sara Sion
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Wilma Sabetta
- SINAGRI S.r.l.—Spin Off of the University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- Unit of Bari CNR Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Salvatore Camposeo
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Caponio
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Giacomo Squeo
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Graziana Difonzo
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Guiliana Loconsole
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- SINAGRI S.r.l.—Spin Off of the University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanna Bottalico
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- SINAGRI S.r.l.—Spin Off of the University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Pasquale Venerito
- CRSFA-Centro Ricerca, Sperimentazione e Formazione in Agricoltura, “Basile Caramia” Locorotondo, Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Montilon
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonella Saponari
- CRSFA-Centro Ricerca, Sperimentazione e Formazione in Agricoltura, “Basile Caramia” Locorotondo, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Altamura
- CRSFA-Centro Ricerca, Sperimentazione e Formazione in Agricoltura, “Basile Caramia” Locorotondo, Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Mita
- Unit of Lecce, CNR Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Lecce, Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo Fucilli
- SINAGRI S.r.l.—Spin Off of the University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Bozzo
- SINAGRI S.r.l.—Spin Off of the University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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12
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Kaya HB, Akdemir D, Lozano R, Cetin O, Sozer Kaya H, Sahin M, Smith JL, Tanyolac B, Jannink JL. Genome wide association study of 5 agronomic traits in olive (Olea europaea L.). Sci Rep 2019; 9:18764. [PMID: 31822760 PMCID: PMC6904458 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55338-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Olive (Olea europaea L.) is one of the most economically and historically important fruit crops worldwide. Genetic progress for valuable agronomic traits has been slow in olive despite its importance and benefits. Advances in next generation sequencing technologies provide inexpensive and highly reproducible genotyping approaches such as Genotyping by Sequencing, enabling genome wide association study (GWAS). Here we present the first comprehensive GWAS study on olive using GBS. A total of 183 accessions (FULL panel) were genotyped using GBS, 94 from the Turkish Olive GenBank Resource (TOGR panel) and 89 from the USDA-ARS National Clonal Germplasm Repository (NCGR panel) in the USA. After filtering low quality and redundant markers, GWAS was conducted using 24,977 SNPs in FULL, TOGR and NCGR panels. In total, 52 significant associations were detected for leaf length, fruit weight, stone weight and fruit flesh to pit ratio using the MLM_K. Significant GWAS hits were mapped to their positions and 19 candidate genes were identified within a 10-kb distance of the most significant SNP. Our findings provide a framework for the development of markers and identification of candidate genes that could be used in olive breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Betul Kaya
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey.
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | - Deniz Akdemir
- Cornell Statistical Consulting Unit, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Roberto Lozano
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jenny L Smith
- National Clonal Germplasm Repository, USDA-ARS, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Bahattin Tanyolac
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Jean-Luc Jannink
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- USDA ARS, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture & Health, Ithaca, NY, USA
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13
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El Bakkali A, Essalouh L, Tollon C, Rivallan R, Mournet P, Moukhli A, Zaher H, Mekkaoui A, Hadidou A, Sikaoui L, Khadari B. Characterization of Worldwide Olive Germplasm Banks of Marrakech (Morocco) and Córdoba (Spain): Towards management and use of olive germplasm in breeding programs. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223716. [PMID: 31622375 PMCID: PMC6797134 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Olive (Olea europaea L.) is a major fruit crop in the Mediterranean Basin. Ex-situ olive management is essential to ensure optimal use of genetic resources in breeding programs. The Worldwide Olive Germplasm Bank of Córdoba (WOGBC), Spain, and Marrakech (WOGBM), Morocco, are currently the largest existing olive germplasm collections. Characterization, identification, comparison and authentication of all accessions in both collections could thus provide useful information for managing olive germplasm for its preservation, exchange within the scientific community and use in breeding programs. Here we applied 20 microsatellite markers (SSR) and 11 endocarp morphological traits to discriminate and authenticate 1091 olive accessions belonging to WOGBM and WOGBC (554 and 537, respectively). Of all the analyzed accessions, 672 distinct SSR profiles considered as unique genotypes were identified, but only 130 were present in both collections. Combining SSR markers and endocarp traits led to the identification of 535 cultivars (126 in common) and 120 authenticated cultivars. No significant differences were observed between collections regarding the allelic richness and diversity index. We concluded that the genetic diversity level was stable despite marked contrasts in varietal composition between collections, which could be explained by their different collection establishment conditions. This highlights the extent of cultivar variability within WOGBs. Moreover, we detected 192 mislabeling errors, 72 of which were found in WOGBM. A total of 228 genotypes as molecular variants of 74 cultivars, 79 synonyms and 39 homonyms as new cases were identified. Both collections were combined to define the nested core collections of 55, 121 and 150 sample sizes proposed for further studies. This study was a preliminary step towards managing and mining the genetic diversity in both collections while developing collaborations between olive research teams to conduct association mapping studies by exchanging and phenotyping accessions in contrasted environmental sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed El Bakkali
- INRA, UR Amélioration des Plantes et Conservation des Ressources Phyto-génétiques, Meknès, Morocco
| | - Laila Essalouh
- AGAP, University Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
- EPLEFPA de Nîmes-CFPPA du Gard, Rodilhan, France
| | - Christine Tollon
- AGAP, University Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Ronan Rivallan
- AGAP, University Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre Mournet
- AGAP, University Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Hayat Zaher
- INRA, UR Amélioration des Plantes, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Abderrahmane Mekkaoui
- INRA, UR Amélioration des Plantes et Conservation des Ressources Phyto-génétiques, Meknès, Morocco
| | - Amal Hadidou
- INRA, UR Amélioration des Plantes et Conservation des Ressources Phyto-génétiques, Meknès, Morocco
| | | | - Bouchaib Khadari
- AGAP, University Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
- Conservatoire Botanique National Méditerranéen de Porquerolles (CBNMed), UMR AGAP, Montpellier, France
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14
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Grygorieva O, Klymenko S, Vinogradova Y, Vergun O, Brindza J. Variation in morphometric traits of fruits of Mespilus germanica L. POTRAVINARSTVO 2018. [DOI: 10.5219/999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the International Program for the Botanic Gardens Conservation, botanic gardens contribute to the conservation plant species, which are of great socio-economic importance, and develop and implement a policy to use herbal products derived from sustainably developing sources. The aim of this study was to determine morphometric parameters of fruits of seven genotypes of Mespilus germanica L., which are growing in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine in M. M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of NAS of Ukraine (Kyiv). Their morphometric parameters were following: fruit weight from 35.29 to 39.12 g, fruit length from 27.69 to 42.29 mm, fruit diameter from 24.98 to 44.75 mm, length of calyx basin from 17.55 to 32.46 mm. The shape index of the fruits was found in the range of 0.79 to 1.23. It was found that fruit diameter positively correlated with traits such as fruit weight and calyx basin length. Fruit weight was also highly correlated with calyx basin length and fruit length. Using the cluster analysis with Euclidian distances allowed to establish the relationships among the fruits Mespilus germanica germplasm and arranged the genotypes into five relatively homogenous clusters. Hence, the introduction population characterized by quite variability and contains plants with almost all types of fruits. Obtained data can be used for breeding programs and introducing of cultivars in Mespilus germanica.
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15
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Xu LX, Lin YX, Wang LH, Zhou YC. Dehiscence method: a seed-saving, quick and simple viability assessment in rice. PLANT METHODS 2018; 14:68. [PMID: 30116291 PMCID: PMC6085679 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-018-0334-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seed viability monitoring is very important in ex situ germplasm preservation to detect germplasm deterioration. This requires seed-, time- and labor- saving methods with high precision to assess seed germination as viability. Although the current non-invasive, rapid, sensing methods (NRSs) are time- and labor-saving, they lack the precision and simplicity which are the virtues of traditional germination. Moreover, they consume a considerable amount of seeds to adjust sensed signals to germination percentage, which disregards the seed-saving objective. This becomes particularly severe for rare or endangered species whose seeds are already scarce. Here we propose a new method that is precise, low-invasive, simple, and quick, which involves analyzing the pattern of dehiscence (seed coat rupture), followed by embryonic protrusion. RESULTS Dehiscence proved simple to identify. After the trial of 20 treatments from 3 rice varieties, we recognized that dehiscence percentage at the 48th hour of germination (D(48)) correlates significantly with germination rate for tested seed lots. In addition, we found that the final germination percentage corresponded to D(48) plus 5. More than 70% of the seeds survived post-dehiscence desiccation for storage. Hydrogen peroxide (1 mM) as the solution for imbibition could further improve the survival. The method also worked quicker than tetrazolium which is honored as a fast, traditional method, in detecting less vigorous but viable seeds. CONCLUSION We demonstrated the comprehensive virtues of dehiscence method in assessing rice seed: it is more precise and easier to use than NRSs and is faster and more seed-saving than traditional methods. We anticipate modifications including artificial intelligence to extend our method to increasingly diverse circumstances and species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-xiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan, Fuzhou, 350002 People’s Republic of China
- National Genebank, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi-xin Lin
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan, Fuzhou, 350002 People’s Republic of China
- National Genebank, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan-chang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan, Fuzhou, 350002 People’s Republic of China
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