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Wu X, Zhang Y, Jiang X, Ma T, Guo Y, Wu X, Guo Y, Cheng X. Considerations in engineering viral vectors for genome editing in plants. Virology 2024; 589:109922. [PMID: 37924727 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.109922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Plant viruses have been engineered to express proteins and induce gene silencing for decades. Recently, plant viruses have also been used to deliver components into plant cells for genome editing, a technique called virus-induced genome editing (VIGE). Although more than a dozen plant viruses have been engineered into VIGE vectors and VIGE has been successfully accomplished in some plant species, application of VIGE to crops that are difficult to tissue culture and/or have low regeneration efficiency is still tough. This paper discusses factors to consider for an ideal VIGE vector, including insertion capacity for foreign DNA, vertical transmission ability, expression level of the target gene, stability of foreign DNA insertion, and biosafety. We also proposed a step-by-step schedule for excavating the suitable viral vector for VIGE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, PR China; Key Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement, Physiology and Ecology of Food Crops in Cold Region of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Xue Jiang
- College of Plant Protection, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Tingshuai Ma
- College of Plant Protection, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Yating Guo
- College of Plant Protection, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Xiaoxia Wu
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Yushuang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, 550081, Guizhou, PR China.
| | - Xiaofei Cheng
- College of Plant Protection, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, PR China; Key Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement, Physiology and Ecology of Food Crops in Cold Region of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
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Alcaide C, Méndez-López E, Úbeda JR, Gómez P, Aranda MA. Characterization of Two Aggressive PepMV Isolates Useful in Breeding Programs. Viruses 2023; 15:2230. [PMID: 38005907 PMCID: PMC10674935 DOI: 10.3390/v15112230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) causes significant economic losses in tomato crops worldwide. Since its first detection infecting tomato in 1999, aggressive PepMV variants have emerged. This study aimed to characterize two aggressive PepMV isolates, PepMV-H30 and PepMV-KLP2. Both isolates were identified in South-Eastern Spain infecting tomato plants, which showed severe symptoms, including bright yellow mosaics. Full-length infectious clones were generated, and phylogenetic relationships were inferred using their nucleotide sequences and another 35 full-length sequences from isolates representing the five known PepMV strains. Our analysis revealed that PepMV-H30 and PepMV-KLP2 belong to the EU and CH2 strains, respectively. Amino acid sequence comparisons between these and mild isolates identified 8 and 15 amino acid substitutions for PepMV-H30 and PepMV-KLP2, respectively, potentially involved in severe symptom induction. None of the substitutions identified in PepMV-H30 have previously been described as symptom determinants. The E236K substitution, originally present in the PepMV-H30 CP, was introduced into a mild PepMV-EU isolate, resulting in a virus that causes symptoms similar to those induced by the parental PepMV-H30 in Nicotiana benthamiana plants. In silico analyses revealed that this residue is located at the C-terminus of the CP and is solvent-accessible, suggesting its potential involvement in CP-host protein interactions. We also examined the subcellular localization of PepGFPm2E236K in comparison to that of PepGFPm2, focusing on chloroplast affection, but no differences were observed in the GFP subcellular distribution between the two viruses in epidermal cells of N. benthamiana plants. Due to the easily visible symptoms that PepMV-H30 and PepMV-KLP2 induce, these isolates represent valuable tools in programs designed to breed resistance to PepMV in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Miguel A. Aranda
- ”Del Segura” Centre for Applied Biology (CEBAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 30100 Murcia, Spain; (C.A.); (E.M.-L.); (J.R.Ú.); (P.G.)
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Méndez-López E, Aranda MA. A regulatory role for the redox status of the pepino mosaic virus coat protein. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011732. [PMID: 37851701 PMCID: PMC10615272 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cysteine oxidations play important regulatory roles during animal virus infections. Despite the importance of redox modifications during plant infections, no plant virus protein has yet been shown to be regulated by cysteine oxidation. The potexvirus pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) is pandemic in tomato crops. Previously we modeled the structure of the PepMV particle and coat protein (CP) by cryo-electron microscopy and identified critical residues of the CP RNA-binding pocket that interact with the viral RNA during particle formation and viral cell-to-cell movement. The PepMV CP has a single cysteine residue (Cys127) central to its RNA binding pocket, which is highly conserved. Here we show that the Cys127Ser replacement diminishes PepMV fitness, and that PepMV CPWT is oxidized in vivo while CPC127S is not. We also show that Cys127 gets spontaneously glutathionylated in vitro, and that S-glutathionylation blocks in vitro the formation of virion-like particles (VLPs). VLPs longer than 200 nm could be formed after in planta CPC127S overexpression, while very short and dispersed VLPs were observed after CPWT overexpression. Our results strongly suggest that the CP redox status regulates CP functions via cysteine oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Méndez-López
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS)-CSIC, Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Aranda
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS)-CSIC, Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
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Ruiz‐Ramón F, Rodríguez‐Sepúlveda P, Bretó P, Donaire L, Hernando Y, Aranda MA. The tomato calcium-permeable channel 4.1 (SlOSCA4.1) is a susceptibility factor for pepino mosaic virus. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:2140-2154. [PMID: 37448155 PMCID: PMC10502756 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The hyperosmolality-gated calcium permeable channel 4.1 (OSCA4.1) belongs to an evolutionarily conserved small family of mechano-sensitive channels. OSCA members may represent key players in plant resistance to drought and to pathogen infection but are scarcely studied. After screening for resistance to pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) a collection of 1000 mutagenized tomato families, we identified a mutant showing no symptoms and reduced virus accumulation. Resistance was mapped to chromosome 2 between positions 46 309 531 to 47 044 163, where a missense mutation caused the putative truncation of the OSCA4.1 protein. A CRISPR/Cas9 slosca4.1 mutant was resistant to PepMV, but not to tobacco mosaic virus or potato virus X. Inoculation of mutant and wild type tomato protoplasts showed that resistance was expressed in single cells, suggesting a role for SlOSCA4.1 in early viral function(s); congruently, SlOSCA4.1 re-localized to structures reminiscent of viral replication complexes. We propose that SlOSCA4.1 contributes to the correct regulation of the Ca2+ homeostasis necessary for optimal PepMV infection. PepMV is a pandemic virus that causes significant losses in tomato crops worldwide. In spite of its importance, no tomato-resistant varieties have been deployed yet; the mutant identified here has great potential to breed tomato varieties resistant to PepMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Ruiz‐Ramón
- Abiopep S.L., Parque Científico de MurciaMurciaSpain
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS)‐CSICCampus Universitario de EspinardoMurciaSpain
| | | | - Pau Bretó
- Abiopep S.L., Parque Científico de MurciaMurciaSpain
| | - Livia Donaire
- Abiopep S.L., Parque Científico de MurciaMurciaSpain
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS)‐CSICCampus Universitario de EspinardoMurciaSpain
| | | | - Miguel A. Aranda
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS)‐CSICCampus Universitario de EspinardoMurciaSpain
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Tuo D, Yao Y, Yan P, Chen X, Qu F, Xue W, Liu J, Kong H, Guo J, Cui H, Dai Z, Shen W. Development of cassava common mosaic virus-based vector for protein expression and gene editing in cassava. PLANT METHODS 2023; 19:78. [PMID: 37537660 PMCID: PMC10399001 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-023-01055-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant virus vectors designed for virus-mediated protein overexpression (VOX), virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS), and genome editing (VIGE) provide rapid and cost-effective tools for functional genomics studies, biotechnology applications and genome modification in plants. We previously reported that a cassava common mosaic virus (CsCMV, genus Potexvirus)-based VIGS vector was used for rapid gene function analysis in cassava. However, there are no VOX and VIGE vectors available in cassava. RESULTS In this study, we developed an efficient VOX vector (CsCMV2-NC) for cassava by modifying the CsCMV-based VIGS vector. Specifically, the length of the duplicated putative subgenomic promoter (SGP1) of the CsCMV CP gene was increased to improve heterologous protein expression in cassava plants. The modified CsCMV2-NC-based VOX vector was engineered to express genes encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP), bacterial phytoene synthase (crtB), and Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis (Xam) type III effector XopAO1 for viral infection tracking, carotenoid biofortification and Xam virulence effector identification in cassava. In addition, we used CsCMV2-NC to deliver single guide RNAs (gMePDS1/2) targeting two loci of the cassava phytoene desaturase gene (MePDS) in Cas9-overexpressing transgenic cassava lines. The CsCMV-gMePDS1/2 efficiently induced deletion mutations of the targeted MePDS with the albino phenotypes in systemically infected cassava leaves. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide a useful tool for rapid and efficient heterologous protein expression and guide RNA delivery in cassava. This expands the potential applications of CsCMV-based vector in gene function studies, biotechnology research, and precision breeding for cassava.
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Affiliation(s)
- Decai Tuo
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crops Breeding, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hainan Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sanya Research Institute, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou & Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Yuan Yao
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crops Breeding, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hainan Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sanya Research Institute, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou & Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Pu Yan
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crops Breeding, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hainan Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sanya Research Institute, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou & Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Xin Chen
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crops Breeding, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hainan Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sanya Research Institute, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou & Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Feihong Qu
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Haikou & Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Weiqian Xue
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Haikou & Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Jinping Liu
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Haikou & Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Hua Kong
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crops Breeding, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hainan Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sanya Research Institute, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou & Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Jianchun Guo
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crops Breeding, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hainan Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sanya Research Institute, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou & Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Hongguang Cui
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Haikou & Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Zhaoji Dai
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Haikou & Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Wentao Shen
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crops Breeding, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hainan Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sanya Research Institute, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou & Sanya, Hainan, China.
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Méndez-López E, Donaire L, Gosálvez B, Díaz-Vivancos P, Sánchez-Pina MA, Tilsner J, Aranda MA. Tomato SlGSTU38 interacts with the PepMV coat protein and promotes viral infection. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:332-348. [PMID: 36631978 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) is pandemic in tomato crops, causing important economic losses world-wide. No PepMV-resistant varieties have been developed yet. Identification of host factors interacting with PepMV proteins is a promising source of genetic targets to develop PepMV-resistant varieties. The interaction between the PepMV coat protein (CP) and the tomato glutathione S-transferase (GST) SlGSTU38 was identified in a yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) screening and validated by directed Y2H and co-immunoprecipitation assays. SlGSTU38-knocked-out Micro-Tom plants (gstu38) generated by the CRISPR/Cas9 technology together with live-cell imaging were used to understand the role of SlGSTU38 during infection. The transcriptomes of healthy and PepMV-infected wild-type (WT) and gstu38 plants were profiled by RNA-seq analysis. SlGSTU38 functions as a PepMV-specific susceptibility factor in a cell-autonomous manner and relocalizes to the virus replication complexes during infection. Besides, knocking out SlGSTU38 triggers reactive oxygen species accumulation in leaves and the deregulation of stress-responsive genes. SlGSTU38 may play a dual role: On the one hand, SlGSTU38 may exert a proviral function depending on its specific interaction with the PepMV CP; and on the other hand, SlGSTU38 may delay PepMV-infection sensing by participating in the redox intracellular homeostasis in a nonspecific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Méndez-López
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Livia Donaire
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Blanca Gosálvez
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pedro Díaz-Vivancos
- Department of Plant Breeding, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - M Amelia Sánchez-Pina
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jens Tilsner
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, The University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Miguel A Aranda
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
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Guo G, Li MJ, Lai JL, Du ZY, Liao QS. Development of tobacco rattle virus-based platform for dual heterologous gene expression and CRISPR/Cas reagent delivery. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 325:111491. [PMID: 36216296 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A large number of viral delivery systems have been developed for characterizing functional genes and producing heterologous recombinant proteins in plants, and but most of them are unable to co-express two fusion-free foreign proteins in the whole plant for extended periods of time. In this study, we modified tobacco rattle virus (TRV) as a TRVe dual delivery vector, using the strategy of gene substitution. The reconstructed TRVe had the capability to simultaneously produce two fusion-free foreign proteins at the whole level of Nicotiana benthamiana, and maintained the genetic stability for the insert of double foreign genes. Moreover, TRVe allowed systemic expression of two foreign proteins with the total lengths up to ∼900 aa residues. In addition, Cas12a protein and crRNA were delivered by the TRVe expression system for site-directed editing of genomic DNA in N. benthamiana 16c line constitutively expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP). Taker together, the TRV-based delivery system will be a simple and powerful means to rapidly co-express two non-fused foreign proteins at the whole level and facilitate functional genomics studies in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Guo
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Meng-Jiao Li
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Jia-Liang Lai
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Zhi-You Du
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Qian-Sheng Liao
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China.
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Matsumura EE, Guo F, Boogers D, van Oevelen D, Vu ST, Falk BW. Citrus sudden death-associated virus as a new expression vector for rapid in planta production of heterologous proteins, chimeric virions, and virus-like particles. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 35:e00739. [PMID: 35646618 PMCID: PMC9130518 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2022.e00739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The more we understand the strategies used by viruses for protein expression, the more possibilities we have to exploit viruses as expression vectors for heterologous protein production. Advances in the development of virus-based expression systems have been possible due to generation of many virus infectious clones, especially those derived from plant viruses, which have the capability for rapid and high-level transient expression of proteins in plant cells, a robust and low-cost bioreactor. In this work, we generated new replicative virus expression vectors based on a previously constructed citrus sudden death-associated virus (CSDaV) infectious cDNA clone. These vectors were generated to express the reporter green fluorescent protein (GFP) in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves by taking advantage of the expression strategies used by CSDaV to produce its structural proteins. We show that higher amounts of GFP can be produced from a coat protein (CP)-independent CSDaV-based vector, compared to levels of GFP expressed from a widely used non-replicative vector (pEAQ series); or GFP can be produced in fusion with the major CSDaV CP (CPp21) to be incorporated into chimeric virions. However, GFP-recombinant CSDaV virions do not appear uniformly assembled, but more likely as mosaic particles. Cryo-electron microscopy analysis from this work revealed the structures of the wild-type and the GFP-recombinant CSDaV virions, but it was not able to reveal where exactly the GFP is displayed in the chimeric virions. We show though that the incorporation of GFP-CPp21 fusion protein into virions occurs solely due to its interaction with free/non-fused CPp21, independent of other viral proteins. Therefore, individual co-expression of GFP-CPp21 and CPp21 in the same plant cells leads to the production of chimeric virus-like particles (VLPs), while GFP-CPp21 fusion protein itself is not able to self-assemble into VLPs. The new CSDaV-based expression vectors may provide an alternative platform for use in molecular farming, either for production of heterologous proteins or as scaffold for heterologous protein display.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilyn E. Matsumura
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University and Research, 6700 AA 8 Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Fei Guo
- Department of Cell Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Daan Boogers
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University and Research, 6700 AA 8 Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dennis van Oevelen
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University and Research, 6700 AA 8 Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sandra T. Vu
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Bryce W. Falk
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
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9
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Navas-Hermosilla E, Fiallo-Olivé E, Navas-Castillo J. Infectious Clones of Tomato Chlorosis Virus: Toward Increasing Efficiency by Introducing the Hepatitis Delta Virus Ribozyme. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:693457. [PMID: 34381428 PMCID: PMC8351799 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.693457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) is an emergent plant pathogen that causes a yellow leaf disorder in tomato and other solanaceous crops. ToCV is a positive-sense, single stranded (ss)RNA bipartite virus with long and flexuous virions belonging to the genus Crininivirus (family Closteroviridae). ToCV is phloem-limited, transmissible by whiteflies, and causes symptoms of interveinal chlorosis, bronzing, and necrosis in the lower leaves of tomato accompanied by a decline in vigor and reduction in fruit yield. The availability of infectious virus clones is a valuable tool for reverse genetic studies that has been long been hampered in the case of closterovirids due to their genome size and complexity. Here, attempts were made to improve the infectivity of the available agroinfectious cDNA ToCV clones (isolate AT80/99-IC from Spain) by adding the hepatitis delta virus (HDV) ribozyme fused to the 3′ end of both genome components, RNA1 and RNA2. The inclusion of the ribozyme generated a viral progeny with RNA1 3′ ends more similar to that present in the clone used for agroinoculation. Nevertheless, the obtained clones were not able to infect tomato plants by direct agroinoculation, like the original clones. However, the infectivity of the clones carrying the HDV ribozyme in Nicotiana benthamiana plants increased, on average, by two-fold compared with the previously available clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Navas-Hermosilla
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Málaga (IHSM-CSIC-UMA), Algarrobo-Costa, Málaga, Spain
| | - Elvira Fiallo-Olivé
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Málaga (IHSM-CSIC-UMA), Algarrobo-Costa, Málaga, Spain
| | - Jesús Navas-Castillo
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Málaga (IHSM-CSIC-UMA), Algarrobo-Costa, Málaga, Spain
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10
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Sánchez Pina MA, Gómez-Aix C, Méndez-López E, Gosalvez Bernal B, Aranda MA. Imaging Techniques to Study Plant Virus Replication and Vertical Transmission. Viruses 2021; 13:358. [PMID: 33668729 PMCID: PMC7996213 DOI: 10.3390/v13030358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant viruses are obligate parasites that need to usurp plant cell metabolism in order to infect their hosts. Imaging techniques have been used for quite a long time to study plant virus-host interactions, making it possible to have major advances in the knowledge of plant virus infection cycles. The imaging techniques used to study plant-virus interactions have included light microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and scanning and transmission electron microscopies. Here, we review the use of these techniques in plant virology, illustrating recent advances in the area with examples from plant virus replication and virus plant-to-plant vertical transmission processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Amelia Sánchez Pina
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Departamento de Biología del Estrés y Patología Vegetal, Grupo de Patología Vegetal, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (E.M.-L.); (B.G.B.)
| | - Cristina Gómez-Aix
- Abiopep S.L., R&D Department, Parque Científico de Murcia, Ctra. de Madrid, Km 388, Complejo de Espinardo, Edf. R, 2º, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Eduardo Méndez-López
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Departamento de Biología del Estrés y Patología Vegetal, Grupo de Patología Vegetal, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (E.M.-L.); (B.G.B.)
| | - Blanca Gosalvez Bernal
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Departamento de Biología del Estrés y Patología Vegetal, Grupo de Patología Vegetal, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (E.M.-L.); (B.G.B.)
| | - Miguel A. Aranda
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Departamento de Biología del Estrés y Patología Vegetal, Grupo de Patología Vegetal, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (E.M.-L.); (B.G.B.)
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11
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Abrahamian P, Hammond J, Hammond RW. Development and optimization of a pepino mosaic virus-based vector for rapid expression of heterologous proteins in plants. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:627-645. [PMID: 33394156 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-11066-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Plant-virus-derived vectors are versatile tools with multiple applications in agricultural and medical biotechnology. In this study, we developed pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) (family Alphaflexiviridae; genus Potexvirus) into a vector for heterologous protein expression in plants. PepMV was initially cloned in a step-wise manner, fully sequenced and the full-length infectious clone was tested for infectivity in Nicotiana benthamiana. Initial infectious clones resulted in poor replication of PepMV and lack of systemic movement. Mutations in the viral sequence affected systemic infection. Two suspected mutations were altered to restore systemic infectivity. PepMV infection was apparent as early as 4 days post agroinfiltration (dpa) inoculation in N. benthamiana. A multiple cloning site was inserted into the PepMV genome for introduction and expression of foreign genes. Several modifications to the wild-type vector were made, such as a replacing the native subgenomic promoter (SGP) with a heterologous SGP, and introduction of translational enhancers and terminators, to improve heterologous expression of the foreign gene-of-interest. GFP was used as a reporter for monitoring virus infection and protein production. Strong GFP expression was observed as early as 4 dpa with a translational enhancer. The PepMV-based vector produces rapid expression of the foreign gene in comparison to two other potexvirus-based vectors. GFP production was monitored over time and optimal protein production was recorded between 5 and 7 dpa. GFP protein levels reached up to 4% and decreased to 0.5% total soluble protein at 7 and 14 dpa, respectively. Future studies will evaluate this virus-based vector for large-scale production of pharmaceutical compounds. KEY POINTS: • A pepino mosaic virus isolate was developed into a plant-based expression vector. • Expression levels of the heterologous protein were comparable or exceeded previously developed viral vectors. • Protein levels in plants were highest between 5 and 7 days and decreased gradually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Abrahamian
- Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA.
| | - John Hammond
- United States National Arboretum, Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Rosemarie W Hammond
- Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA.
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12
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Abrahamian P, Hammond RW, Hammond J. Plant Virus-Derived Vectors: Applications in Agricultural and Medical Biotechnology. Annu Rev Virol 2020; 7:513-535. [PMID: 32520661 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-virology-010720-054958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Major advances in our understanding of plant viral genome expression strategies and the interaction of a virus with its host for replication and movement, induction of disease, and resistance responses have been made through the generation of infectious molecules from cloned viral sequences. Autonomously replicating viral vectors derived from infectious clones have been exploited to express foreign genes in plants. Applications of virus-based vectors include the production of human/animal therapeutic proteins in plant cells and the specific study of plant biochemical processes, including those that confer resistance to pathogens. Additionally, virus-induced gene silencing, which is RNA mediated and triggered through homology-dependent RNA degradation mechanisms, has been exploited as an efficient method to study the functions of host genes in plants and to deliver small RNAs to insects. New and exciting strategies for vector engineering, delivery, and applications of plant virus-based vectors are the subject of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Abrahamian
- Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA
| | - Rosemarie W Hammond
- Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA
| | - John Hammond
- Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit, United States National Arboretum, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA;
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