1
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Chen J, Lou Y, Liu Y, Deng B, Zhu Z, Yang S, Chen D. Advances in Chromatographic and Mass Spectrometric Techniques for Analyzing Reducing Monosaccharides and Their Phosphates in Biological Samples. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2024:1-23. [PMID: 38855933 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2024.2364232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Reducing monosaccharides and their phosphates are critical metabolites in the central carbon metabolism pathway of living organisms. Variations in their content can indicate abnormalities in metabolic pathways and the onset of certain diseases, necessitating their analysis and detection. Reducing monosaccharides and their phosphates exhibit significant variations in content within biological samples and are present in many isomers, which makes the accurate quantification of reducing monosaccharides and their phosphates in biological samples a challenging task. Various analytical methods such as spectroscopy, fluorescence detection, colorimetry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, sensor-based techniques, chromatography, and mass spectrometry are employed to detect monosaccharides and phosphates. In comparison, chromatography and mass spectrometry are highly favored for their ability to simultaneously analyze multiple components and their high sensitivity and selectivity. This review thoroughly evaluates the current chromatographic and mass spectrometric methods used for detecting reducing monosaccharides and their phosphates from 2013 to 2023, highlighting their efficacy and the advancements in these analytical technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Chen
- Zhengzhou Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yifeng Lou
- Zhengzhou Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuwei Liu
- Zhengzhou Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bowen Deng
- Zhengzhou Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zheng Zhu
- Zhengzhou Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sen Yang
- Zhengzhou Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine for Targeting Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Di Chen
- Zhengzhou Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine for Targeting Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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2
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Sirén H. Research of saccharides and related biocomplexes: A review with recent techniques and applications. J Sep Sci 2024; 47:e2300668. [PMID: 38699940 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Saccharides and biocompounds as saccharide (sugar) complexes have various roles and biological functions in living organisms due to modifications via nucleophilic substitution, polymerization, and complex formation reactions. Mostly, mono-, di-, oligo-, and polysaccharides are stabilized to inactive glycosides, which are formed in metabolic pathways. Natural saccharides are important in food and environmental monitoring. Glycosides with various functionalities are significant in clinical and medical research. Saccharides are often studied with the chromatographic methods of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography and anion exchange chromatograpy, but also with capillary electrophoresis and mass spectrometry with their on-line coupling systems. Sample preparation is important in the identification of saccharide compounds. The cases discussed here focus on bioscience, clinical, and food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heli Sirén
- Chemicum Building, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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3
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Garcia AD, Leyva V, Bocková J, Pepino RL, Meinert C. Resolution and quantification of carbohydrates by enantioselective comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography. Talanta 2024; 271:125728. [PMID: 38316075 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Carbohydrates, in particular the d-enantiomers of ribose, 2-deoxyribose, and glucose, are essential to life's informational biopolymers (RNA/DNA) and for supplying energy to living cells through glycolysis. Considered to be potential biosignatures in the search of past or present life, our capacity to detect and quantify these essential sugars is crucial for future space missions to the Moon, Mars or Titan as well as for sample-return missions. However, the enantioselective analysis of carbohydrates is challenging and both research and routine applications, are lacking efficient methods that combine highly sensitive and reproducible detection with baseline enantioselective resolution and reliable enantiomeric excess (ee) measurements. Here, we present four different derivatization strategies in combination with multidimensional gas chromatography coupled to a reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometer (GC×GC-TOF-MS) for the enantioselective resolution of C3 to C6 carbohydrates potentially suitable for sample-return analyses. Full mass spectral interpretation and calibration curves for one single-step (cyclic boronate derivatives) and three two-step derivatization protocols (aldononitrile-acetate, hemiacetalization-trifluoroacetylation, and hemiacetalization-permethylation) are presented for concentrations ranging from 1 to 50 pmol μL⁻1 with correlation coefficients R2 > 0.94. We compared several analytical parameters including reproducibility, sensitivity (LOD and LOQ), overall separation, chiral resolution (RS), mass spectrum selectivity, stability during long term storage, and reliability of ee measurements to guide the application-dependent selection of optimal separation and quantification performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien D Garcia
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Chimie de Nice UMR 7272, Nice, France
| | - Vanessa Leyva
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Chimie de Nice UMR 7272, Nice, France
| | - Jana Bocková
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Chimie de Nice UMR 7272, Nice, France
| | - Raphaël L Pepino
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Chimie de Nice UMR 7272, Nice, France
| | - Cornelia Meinert
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Chimie de Nice UMR 7272, Nice, France.
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4
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Westhoff P, Weber APM. The role of metabolomics in informing strategies for improving photosynthesis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:1696-1713. [PMID: 38158893 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Photosynthesis plays a vital role in acclimating to and mitigating climate change, providing food and energy security for a population that is constantly growing, and achieving an economy with zero carbon emissions. A thorough comprehension of the dynamics of photosynthesis, including its molecular regulatory network and limitations, is essential for utilizing it as a tool to boost plant growth, enhance crop yields, and support the production of plant biomass for carbon storage. Photorespiration constrains photosynthetic efficiency and contributes significantly to carbon loss. Therefore, modulating or circumventing photorespiration presents opportunities to enhance photosynthetic efficiency. Over the past eight decades, substantial progress has been made in elucidating the molecular basis of photosynthesis, photorespiration, and the key regulatory mechanisms involved, beginning with the discovery of the canonical Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle. Advanced chromatographic and mass spectrometric technologies have allowed a comprehensive analysis of the metabolite patterns associated with photosynthesis, contributing to a deeper understanding of its regulation. In this review, we summarize the results of metabolomics studies that shed light on the molecular intricacies of photosynthetic metabolism. We also discuss the methodological requirements essential for effective analysis of photosynthetic metabolism, highlighting the value of this technology in supporting strategies aimed at enhancing photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Westhoff
- CEPLAS Plant Metabolomics and Metabolism Laboratory, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas P M Weber
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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5
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Corrado A, De Martino M, Bordoni V, Giannini S, Rech F, Cianetti S, Berti F, Magagnoli C, De Ricco R. A universal UHPLC-CAD platform for the quantification of polysaccharide antigens. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10646. [PMID: 37391501 PMCID: PMC10313704 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37832-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Several glycoconjugate-based vaccines against bacterial infections have been developed and licensed for human use. Polysaccharide (PS) analysis and characterization is therefore critical to profile the composition of polysaccharide-based vaccines. For PS content quantification, the majority of Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC) methods rely on the detection of selective monosaccharides constituting the PS repeating unit, therefore requiring chemical cleavage and tailored development: only a few methods directly quantify the intact PS. The introduction of charged aerosol detector (CAD) technology has improved the response of polysaccharide analytes, offering greater sensitivity than other detector sources (e.g., ELSD). Herein, we report the development of a universal UHPLC-CAD method (UniQS) for the quantification and quality evaluation of polysaccharide antigens (e.g., Streptococcus Pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis and Staphylococcus aureus). This work laid the foundation for a universal UHPLC-CAD format that could play an important role in future vaccine research and development helping to reduce time, efforts, and costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Corrado
- Technical R&D, GSK Via Fiorentina, 1, Siena, Italy
| | - M De Martino
- Technical R&D, GSK Via Fiorentina, 1, Siena, Italy
| | - V Bordoni
- Technical R&D, GSK Via Fiorentina, 1, Siena, Italy
| | - S Giannini
- Technical R&D, GSK Via Fiorentina, 1, Siena, Italy
| | - F Rech
- Technical R&D, GSK Via Fiorentina, 1, Siena, Italy
| | - S Cianetti
- Technical R&D, GSK Via Fiorentina, 1, Siena, Italy
| | - F Berti
- Technical R&D, GSK Via Fiorentina, 1, Siena, Italy
| | - C Magagnoli
- Technical R&D, GSK Via Fiorentina, 1, Siena, Italy
| | - R De Ricco
- Technical R&D, GSK Via Fiorentina, 1, Siena, Italy.
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6
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Tao Y, Rossez Y, Bortolus C, Duma L, Dubar F, Merlier F. Simultaneous Quantification of Trehalose and Trehalose 6-Phosphate by Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography/Electrospray Accurate Mass Spectrometry with Application in Non-Targeted Metabolomics. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083443. [PMID: 37110679 PMCID: PMC10145281 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) was coupled with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) to simultaneously quantify trehalose and trehalose 6-phosphate without derivatization or sample preparation. The use of full scan mode and exact mass analysis also makes it possible to carry out metabolomic analyses as well as semi-quantification. In addition, the use of different clusters in negative mode makes it possible to compensate for deficiencies in linearity and inerrant saturation at time-of-flight detectors. The method has been approved and validated for different matrices, yeasts, and bacteria, and has shown differentiation between bacteria as a function of growth temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tao
- Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire (GEC), UMR-CNRS 7025, CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Yannick Rossez
- Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire (GEC), UMR-CNRS 7025, CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France
- CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Université de Lille, 59655 Lille, France
| | - Clovis Bortolus
- INSERM U1285, Université de Lille, CHU de Lille, UMR CNRS 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Luminita Duma
- Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire (GEC), UMR-CNRS 7025, CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, CNRS, ICMR UMR 7312, 51097 Reims, France
| | - Faustine Dubar
- INSERM U1285, Université de Lille, CHU de Lille, UMR CNRS 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Franck Merlier
- Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire (GEC), UMR-CNRS 7025, CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France
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7
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Manasseh R, Berim A, Kappagantu M, Moyo L, Gang DR, Pappu HR. Pathogen-triggered metabolic adjustments to potato virus Y infection in potato. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1031629. [PMID: 36891131 PMCID: PMC9986423 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1031629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L) is affected by several viral pathogens with the most economically damaging being potato virus Y (PVY). At least nine biologically distinct variants of PVY are known to attack potato, with necrotic types named PVYNTN and PVYN-Wi being the most recent additions to the list. So far, the molecular plant-virus interactions underlying this pathogenicity are not fully understood. In this study, gas chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) was used for an untargeted investigation of the changes in leaf metabolomes of PVY-resistant cultivar Premier Russet, and a susceptible cultivar, Russet Burbank, following inoculation with three PVY strains, PVYNTN, PVYN-Wi, and PVYO. Analysis of the resulting GC-MS spectra with the online software Metaboanalyst (version 5.0) uncovered several common and strain-specific metabolites that are induced by PVY inoculation. In Premier Russet, the major overlap in differential accumulation was found between PVYN-Wi and PVYO. However, the 14 significant pathways occurred solely due to PVYN-Wi. In contrast, the main overlap in differential metabolite profiles and pathways in Russet Burbank was between PVYNTN and PVYO. Overall, limited overlap was observed between PVYNTN and PVYN-Wi. As a result, PVYN-Wi-induced necrosis may be mechanistically distinguishable from that of PVYNTN. Furthermore, 10 common and seven cultivar-specific metabolites as potential indicators of PVY infection and susceptibility/resistance were identified by using PLS-DA and ANOVA. In Russet Burbank, glucose-6-phosphate and fructose-6-phosphate were particularly affected by strain-time interaction. This highlights the relevance of the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism for defense against PVY. Some strain- and cultivar-dependent metabolite changes were also observed, reflecting the known genetic resistance-susceptibility dichotomy between the two cultivars. Consequently, engineering broad-spectrum resistance may be the most effective breeding strategy for managing these necrotic strains of PVY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Manasseh
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Anna Berim
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Madhu Kappagantu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Lindani Moyo
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - David R. Gang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Hanu R. Pappu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
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8
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Borgström C, Persson VC, Rogova O, Osiro KO, Lundberg E, Spégel P, Gorwa-Grauslund M. Using phosphoglucose isomerase-deficient (pgi1Δ) Saccharomyces cerevisiae to map the impact of sugar phosphate levels on D-glucose and D-xylose sensing. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:253. [PMID: 36456947 PMCID: PMC9713995 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01978-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite decades of engineering efforts, recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae are still less efficient at converting D-xylose sugar to ethanol compared to the preferred sugar D-glucose. Using GFP-based biosensors reporting for the three main sugar sensing routes, we recently demonstrated that the sensing response to high concentrations of D-xylose is similar to the response seen on low concentrations of D-glucose. The formation of glycolytic intermediates was hypothesized to be a potential cause of this sensing response. In order to investigate this, glycolysis was disrupted via the deletion of the phosphoglucose isomerase gene (PGI1) while intracellular sugar phosphate levels were monitored using a targeted metabolomic approach. Furthermore, the sugar sensing of the PGI1 deletants was compared to the PGI1-wildtype strains in the presence of various types and combinations of sugars. RESULTS Metabolomic analysis revealed systemic changes in intracellular sugar phosphate levels after deletion of PGI1, with the expected accumulation of intermediates upstream of the Pgi1p reaction on D-glucose and downstream intermediates on D-xylose. Moreover, the analysis revealed a preferential formation of D-fructose-6-phosphate from D-xylose, as opposed to the accumulation of D-fructose-1,6-bisphosphate that is normally observed when PGI1 deletants are incubated on D-fructose. This may indicate a role of PFK27 in D-xylose sensing and utilization. Overall, the sensing response was different for the PGI1 deletants, and responses to sugars that enter the glycolysis upstream of Pgi1p (D-glucose and D-galactose) were more affected than the response to those entering downstream of the reaction (D-fructose and D-xylose). Furthermore, the simultaneous exposure to sugars that entered upstream and downstream of Pgi1p (D-glucose with D-fructose, or D-glucose with D-xylose) resulted in apparent synergetic activation and deactivation of the Snf3p/Rgt2p and cAMP/PKA pathways, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the sensing assays indicated that the previously observed D-xylose response stems from the formation of downstream metabolic intermediates. Furthermore, our results indicate that the metabolic node around Pgi1p and the level of D-fructose-6-phosphate could represent attractive engineering targets for improved D-xylose utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celina Borgström
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Division of Applied Microbiology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Present Address: BioZone Centre for Applied Bioscience and Bioengineering, Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Viktor C. Persson
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Division of Applied Microbiology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Oksana Rogova
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karen O. Osiro
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Division of Applied Microbiology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden ,Present Address: Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Embrapa Agroenergy, Brasília, DF 70770-901 Brazil
| | - Ester Lundberg
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Division of Applied Microbiology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Peter Spégel
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Marie Gorwa-Grauslund
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Division of Applied Microbiology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Sakuraba K, Krishnamurthy A, Sun J, Zheng X, Xu C, Peng B, Engström M, Jakobsson PJ, Wermeling F, Catrina S, Grönwall C, Catrina AI, Réthi B. Autoantibodies targeting malondialdehyde-modifications in rheumatoid arthritis regulate osteoclasts via inducing glycolysis and lipid biosynthesis. J Autoimmun 2022; 133:102903. [PMID: 36108504 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2022.102903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Proteins subjected to post-translational modifications, such as citrullination, carbamylation, acetylation or malondialdehyde (MDA)-modification are targeted by autoantibodies in seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Epidemiological and experimental studies have both suggested the pathogenicity of such humoral autoimmunity, however, molecular mechanisms triggered by anti-modified protein antibodies have remained to be identified. Here we describe in detail the pathways induced by anti-MDA modified protein antibodies that were obtained from synovial B cells of RA patients and that possessed robust osteoclast stimulatory potential and induced bone erosion in vivo. Anti-MDA antibodies boosted glycolysis in developing osteoclasts via an FcγRI, HIF-1α and MYC-dependent mechanism and subsequently increased oxidative phosphorylation. Osteoclast development required robust phosphoglyceride and triacylglyceride biosynthesis, which was also enhanced by anti-MDA by modulating citrate production and expression of the glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 (GPD1) and glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 2 (GPAT2) genes. In summary, we described novel metabolic pathways instrumental for osteoclast differentiation, which were targeted by anti-MDA antibodies, accelerating bone erosion, a central component of RA pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Sakuraba
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine/Solna, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rheumatology, Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akilan Krishnamurthy
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine/Solna, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jitong Sun
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine/Solna, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiaowei Zheng
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet and Center for Diabetes, Academic Specialist Centrum, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cheng Xu
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet and Center for Diabetes, Academic Specialist Centrum, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bing Peng
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine/Solna, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marianne Engström
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine/Solna, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per-Johan Jakobsson
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine/Solna, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Wermeling
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine/Solna, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sergiu Catrina
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet and Center for Diabetes, Academic Specialist Centrum, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Caroline Grönwall
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine/Solna, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anca I Catrina
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine/Solna, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bence Réthi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine/Solna, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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10
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Bernal L, Luján‐Soto E, Fajardo‐Hernández CA, Coello P, Figueroa M, Martínez‐Barajas E. Starch degradation in the bean fruit pericarp is characterized by an increase in maltose metabolism. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13836. [PMID: 36453084 PMCID: PMC10107891 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The bean fruit pericarp accumulates a significant amount of starch, which starts to be degraded 20 days after anthesis (DAA) when seed growth becomes exponential. This period is also characterized by the progressive senescence of the fruit pericarp. However, the chloroplasts maintained their integrity, indicating that starch degradation is a compartmentalized process. The process coincided with a transient increase in maltose and sucrose levels, suggesting that β-amylase is responsible for starch degradation. Starch degradation in the bean fruit pericarp is also characterized by a large increase in starch phosphorylation, as well as in the activities of cytosolic disproportionating enzyme 2 (DPE2, EC 2.4.1.25) and glucan phosphorylase (PHO2, EC 2.4.1.1). This suggests that the rate of starch degradation in the bean fruit pericarp 20 DAA is dependent on the transformation of starch to a better substrate for β-amylase and the increase in the rate of cytosolic metabolism of maltose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilia Bernal
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de QuímicaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad de MéxicoMexico
| | - Eduardo Luján‐Soto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de QuímicaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad de MéxicoMexico
| | | | - Patricia Coello
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de QuímicaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad de MéxicoMexico
| | - Mario Figueroa
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de QuímicaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad de MéxicoMexico
| | - Eleazar Martínez‐Barajas
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de QuímicaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad de MéxicoMexico
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11
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Xia N, Guo X, Guo Q, Gupta N, Ji N, Shen B, Xiao L, Feng Y. Metabolic flexibilities and vulnerabilities in the pentose phosphate pathway of the zoonotic pathogen Toxoplasma gondii. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010864. [PMID: 36121870 PMCID: PMC9521846 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic pathways underpin the growth and virulence of intracellular parasites and are therefore promising antiparasitic targets. The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is vital in most organisms, providing a reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and ribose sugar for nucleotide synthesis; however, it has not yet been studied in Toxoplasma gondii, a widespread intracellular pathogen and a model protozoan organism. Herein, we show that T. gondii has a functional PPP distributed in the cytoplasm and nucleus of its acutely-infectious tachyzoite stage. We produced eight parasite mutants disrupting seven enzymes of the PPP in T. gondii. Our data show that of the seven PPP proteins, the two glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenases (TgG6PDH1, TgG6PDH2), one of the two 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenases (Tg6PGDH1), ribulose-5-phosphate epimerase (TgRuPE) and transaldolase (TgTAL) are dispensable in vitro as well as in vivo, disclosing substantial metabolic plasticity in T. gondii. Among these, TgG6PDH2 plays a vital role in defense against oxidative stress by the pathogen. Further, we show that Tg6PGDH2 and ribulose-5-phosphate isomerase (TgRPI) are critical for tachyzoite growth. The depletion of TgRPI impairs the flux of glucose in central carbon pathways, and causes decreased expression of ribosomal, microneme and rhoptry proteins. In summary, our results demonstrate the physiological need of the PPP in T. gondii while unraveling metabolic flexibility and antiparasitic targets. Metabolic pathways are intimately associated with the survival and replication of parasitic Toxoplasma gondii and thus represent potential targets for antiparasitic strategies. Herein, we focused on the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) in T. gondii and examined its roles in supporting the growth of this ubiquitous pathogen. We found that TgG6PDH1 and TgG6PDH2 were needed to defend oxidative stress but not for pentose synthesis. We revealed that inactivation of the Tg6PGDH2 and TgRPI severely impaired the asexual reproduction of tachyzoites. We also highlighted the remarkable metabolic plasticity in tachyzoites that enables them to acquire some of the PPP intermediates from multiple routes. This study provides significant insights into the carbon metabolism properties of Toxoplasma parasites, opening avenues for targeting this pathway to develop therapeutic interventions against toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningbo Xia
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuefang Guo
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinghong Guo
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nishith Gupta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (Hyderabad Campus), Hyderabad, India
- Department of Molecular Parasitology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Nuo Ji
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail: (BS); (LX); (YF)
| | - Lihua Xiao
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (BS); (LX); (YF)
| | - Yaoyu Feng
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (BS); (LX); (YF)
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12
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Koley S, Chu KL, Gill SS, Allen DK. An efficient LC-MS method for isomer separation and detection of sugars, phosphorylated sugars, and organic acids. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:2938-2952. [PMID: 35560196 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Assessing central carbon metabolism in plants can be challenging due to the dynamic range in pool sizes, with low levels of important phosphorylated sugars relative to more abundant sugars and organic acids. Here, we report a sensitive liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method for analysing central metabolites on a hybrid column, where both anion-exchange and hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) ligands are embedded in the stationary phase. The liquid chromatography method was developed for enhanced selectivity of 27 central metabolites in a single run with sensitivity at femtomole levels observed for most phosphorylated sugars. The method resolved phosphorylated hexose, pentose, and triose isomers that are otherwise challenging. Compared with a standard HILIC approach, these metabolites had improved peak areas using our approach due to ion enhancement or low ion suppression in the biological sample matrix. The approach was applied to investigate metabolism in high lipid-producing tobacco leaves that exhibited increased levels of acetyl-CoA, a precursor for oil biosynthesis. The application of the method to isotopologue detection and quantification was considered through evaluating 13C-labeled seeds from Camelina sativa. The method provides a means to analyse intermediates more comprehensively in central metabolism of plant tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somnath Koley
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St Louis, MO 63132, USA
| | - Kevin L Chu
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St Louis, MO 63132, USA
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Service, Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St Louis, MO 63132, USA
| | - Saba S Gill
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St Louis, MO 63132, USA
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Service, Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St Louis, MO 63132, USA
| | - Doug K Allen
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St Louis, MO 63132, USA
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Service, Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St Louis, MO 63132, USA
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13
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Li S, Liu FL, Zhang Z, Yin XM, Ye TT, Yuan BF, Feng YQ. Ultrasensitive Determination of Sugar Phosphates in Trace Samples by Stable Isotope Chemical Labeling Combined with RPLC-MS. Anal Chem 2022; 94:4866-4873. [PMID: 35274930 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sugar phosphates are important metabolic intermediates in organisms and play a vital role in energy and central carbon metabolism. Profiling of sugar phosphates is of great significance but full of challenges due to their high structural similarity and low sensitivities in liquid chromatography (LC)-mass spectrometry (MS). In this study, we developed a novel stable isotope chemical labeling combined with the reversed-phase (RP)LC-MS method for ultrasensitive determination of sugar phosphates at the single-cell level. By chemical derivatization with 2-(diazo-methyl)-N-methyl-N-phenyl-benzamide (2-DMBA) and d5-2-DMBA, sugar phosphate isomers can obtain better separation and identification, and the detection sensitivities of sugar phosphates increased by 3.5-147 folds. The obtained limits of detection of sugar phosphates ranged from 5 to 16 pg/mL. Using this method, we achieved ultrasensitive and accurate quantification of 12 sugar phosphates in different trace biological samples. Benefiting from the improved separation and detection sensitivity, we successfully quantified five sugar phosphates (d-glucose 1-phosphate, d-mannose 6-phosphate, d-fructose 6-phosphate, d-glucose 6-phosphate, and seduheptulose 7-phosphate) in a single protoplast of Arabidopsis thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Li
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Fei-Long Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Tian-Tian Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Bi-Feng Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.,School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yu-Qi Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.,School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
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14
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Svistounov D, Solbu MD, Jenssen TG, Mathisen UD, Hansen T, Elgstøen KBP, Zykova SN. Development of quantitative assay for simultaneous measurement of purine metabolites and creatinine in biobanked urine by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2022; 82:37-49. [PMID: 35048747 DOI: 10.1080/00365513.2021.2015799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Purine metabolism is essential for all known living creatures, including humans in whom elevated serum concentration of purine break-down product uric acid (UA) is probably an independent risk factor for mortality, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular events. An automated multiplex assay that measures several purine metabolites could therefore prove useful in many areas of medical, veterinary and biological research. The aim of the present work was to develop a sensitive LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous quantitation of xanthine, hypoxanthine, UA, allantoin, and creatinine in biobanked urine samples. This article describes details and performance of the new method studied in 55 samples of human urine. Archival sample preparation and effect of storage conditions on stability of the analytes are addressed. The intra-day and inter-day coefficients of variation were small for all the analytes, not exceeding 1% and 10%, respectively. Measurements of UA and creatinine in biobanked urine showed good agreement with values obtained using routine enzymatic assays on fresh urine. Spearman's correlation coefficients were 0.869 (p < .001) for creatinine and 0.964 (p < .001) for UA. Conclusion: the newly developed LC-MS/MS method allows reliable quantitative assessment of xanthine, hypoxanthine, allantoin, UA and creatinine. The proposed pre-analytical processing makes the method suitable for both fresh and biobanked urine stored frozen at -80 °C for at least 5.5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri Svistounov
- Metabolic and Renal Research Group, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway.,Section of Nephrology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromso, Norway.,Center for Quality Assurance and Development, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromso, Norway
| | - Marit D Solbu
- Metabolic and Renal Research Group, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway.,Section of Nephrology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromso, Norway
| | - Trond G Jenssen
- Metabolic and Renal Research Group, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway.,Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ulla Dorte Mathisen
- Metabolic and Renal Research Group, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway.,Section of Nephrology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromso, Norway
| | - Terkel Hansen
- Department of Pharmacy, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway.,Research Group in Mass Spectrometry, Department of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, SINTEF A/S, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Svetlana N Zykova
- Center for Quality Assurance and Development, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromso, Norway.,Department of Blood Bank and Biochemistry, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Lillehammer, Norway.,Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Biochemical Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Group, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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