1
|
Al-Eitan L, Shatnawi M, Alghamdi M. Investigating CHRNA5, CHRNA3, and CHRNB4 variants in the genetic landscape of substance use disorder in Jordan. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:436. [PMID: 38862938 PMCID: PMC11167846 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05898-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substance use disorder (SUD) is a complex illness that can be attributed to the interaction between environmental and genetic factors. The nicotinic receptor gene cluster on chromosome 15 has a plausible association with SUD, particularly with nicotine dependence. METHODS This study investigated 15 SNPs within the CHRNA5, CHRNA3, and CHRNB4 genes. Sequencing was used for genotyping 495 Jordanian males with SUD and 497 controls matched for age, gender, and descent. RESULTS Our findings revealed that none of the tested alleles or genotypes were correlated with SUD. However, our analysis suggests that the route of substance use was linked to rs1051730 (P value = 0.04), rs8040868 (P value = 0.01) of CHRNA3, and rs16969968 (P value = 0.03) of CHRNA5. Additionally, a correlation was identified between rs3813567 of the CHRNB4 gene and the age at substance use onset (P value = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Variants in CHRNA5, CHRNA3, and CHRNB4 may interact with SUD features that can influence the development and progression of the disorder among Jordanians.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laith Al-Eitan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan.
| | - Mohammad Shatnawi
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Mansour Alghamdi
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, 62529, Saudi Arabia
- Genomics and Personalized Medicine Unit, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, 62529, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nene D, Mkhonto F, Mokwena KE. Experiences of families living with Nyaope users in Tshwane, Gauteng province. Health SA 2024; 29:2338. [PMID: 38628231 PMCID: PMC11019070 DOI: 10.4102/hsag.v29i0.2338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Nyaope is one of the commonly used drugs in many low socio-economic communities in South Africa. Because of its highly addictive properties, the vast majority of users are not able to quit, which results in long-term difficulties for their families. Aim The aim of this study was to explore and describe the experiences of families living with nyaope users in a township in Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality. Setting Data were collected at the Social Development Centre, which serves a variety of social needs of families, including the various needs of families whose problems emanate from nyaope use. The family members were recruited from the registry of the centre. Methods A qualitative design and in-depth interviews were used to collect data from a sample of family members who were purposively sampled. NVIvo 12 was used for thematic analysis of the data. Results Three major themes emerged from the data, these being, consequences of nyaope use on the family, family interventions, and coping strategies. Conclusion Although the families have devised interventions and developed coping strategies, nyaope use remains a serious mental health challenge in affected families. Contribution The study highlighted the negative impact of nyaope on the social and mental health of the families. The assistance offered at Social Development is broad and general for substance abuse, but does little to mitigate the complex difficulties brought about by nyaope use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorcas Nene
- Department of Nursing Sciences, School of Healthcare Sciences, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Florah Mkhonto
- Department of Nursing Sciences, School of Healthcare Sciences, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Kebogile E Mokwena
- Department of Public Health, School of Healthcare Sciences, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dyer A, Böhnke JR, Curran D, McGrath K, Toner P. A systematic review of quality of life and health-related quality of life as outcomes in substance and behavioural addictions. Drug Alcohol Rev 2023; 42:1680-1700. [PMID: 37439397 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
ISSUES Consideration of an individual's quality of life (QoL) can benefit assessment and treatment of addictive disorders, however, uncertainty remains over operationalisation of the construct as an outcome and the appropriateness of existing measures for these populations. This systematic review aimed to identify and evaluate QoL and health-related QoL outcome instruments used in addiction-related risk and harm research and map their conceptualised domains. APPROACH Three electronic databases and a specialised assessment library were searched on 1 February 2022 for QoL or health-related QoL outcome instruments used with addiction-related risk and harm populations. PRISMA reporting guidance was followed and included outcome instruments were appraised using mixed methods. Psychometric evidence supporting their use was summarised. The COSMIN risk of bias tool was used to assess validation studies. KEY FINDINGS A total of 298 articles (330 studies) used 53 outcome instruments and 41 unique domains of QoL. Eleven instruments' psychometric properties were evaluated. No instrument was assessed for any parameter in at least five studies for meta-analytic pooling. Cronbach's alpha (α) internal consistency was the most widely assessed parameter with the AQoLS, WHOQOL-BREF, ALQoL-9, Q-LES-Q-SF, SF-12, DUQoL, QLI and SF-36 displaying promising statistics (α > 0.70). IMPLICATIONS AND CONCLUSION Many instruments have been utilised. However, a significant proportion of studies applied a small number of instruments with minimal high-quality validation evidence supporting their use within addiction-related risk and harm. Promising instruments are recommended, however, the paucity of supporting evidence limits confidence in the reliability and validity of QoL measurement in these populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Dyer
- Centre for Improving Health-Related Quality of Life, School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Jan R Böhnke
- School of Health Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - David Curran
- Centre for Improving Health-Related Quality of Life, School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Katie McGrath
- Centre for Improving Health-Related Quality of Life, School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Paul Toner
- Centre for Improving Health-Related Quality of Life, School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Janulis P, Luo J, Tang X, Schalet BD. Can severity of substance use be measured across drug classes? Estimating differential item functioning by drug class in two general measures of substance use severity. Drug Alcohol Depend 2023; 250:110877. [PMID: 37441960 PMCID: PMC10530475 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.110877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substance use severity is frequently measured using generic (i.e., non-drug specific) items. Yet, the measurement properties of these items must be evaluated for measurement invariance across inidividuals who use differing substances to ensure total scores can be compared across groups. METHOD This study used data from two independent samples (n1 = 474; n2 = 5183) and two measures of general substance use severity with generic items, the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Severity of Substance Use and DAST-10, to examine for differential item functioning (DIF) across substances (i.e., sedatives, opioids, amphetamines, cocaine, and cannabis). We utilized moderated nonlinear factor analysis to estimate DIF. Finally, we compared factor scores across estimation methods with and without accounting for DIF to examine the impact of DIF. RESULTS A minority of items showed statistically significant DIF in each scale (Items with DIF: PROMIS Sample 1: 5/37; PROMIS Sample 2: 7/20; DAST-10 Sample 2: 3/10). Factor scores across scoring methods showed extremely high correlations (0.994 - 0.999), estimates of mean differences across substance groups did not vary considerably across scoring methods, but measurement differences were correlated with factor scores. DISCUSSION These findings suggest that these two measures of substance use severity can be used across individuals using different substances. Factor scores appear similar across scoring methods and mean differences do not appear to be substantially biases. Measures with generic items may offer a parsimonious alternative to measures with drug specific items but more research is needed to evaluate the robustness of these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Janulis
- Northwestern University, Department of Medical Social Sciences, United States; Northwestern University, Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, United States.
| | - Jing Luo
- Northwestern University, Department of Medical Social Sciences, United States
| | - Xiaodan Tang
- Northwestern University, Department of Medical Social Sciences, United States
| | - Benjamin D Schalet
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kong D, Sun JX, Yang JQ, Li YS, Bi K, Zhang ZY, Wang KH, Luo HY, Zhu M, Xu Y. Ketogenic diet: a potential adjunctive treatment for substance use disorders. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1191903. [PMID: 37575322 PMCID: PMC10414993 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1191903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Substance use disorders (SUD) can lead to serious health problems, and there is a great interest in developing new treatment methods to alleviate the impact of substance abuse. In recent years, the ketogenic diet (KD) has shown therapeutic benefits as a dietary therapy in a variety of neurological disorders. Recent studies suggest that KD can compensate for the glucose metabolism disorders caused by alcohol use disorder by increasing ketone metabolism, thereby reducing withdrawal symptoms and indicating the therapeutic potential of KD in SUD. Additionally, SUD often accompanies increased sugar intake, involving neural circuits and altered neuroplasticity similar to substance addiction, which may induce cross-sensitization and increased use of other abused substances. Reducing carbohydrate intake through KD may have a positive effect on this. Finally, SUD is often associated with mitochondrial damage, oxidative stress, inflammation, glia dysfunction, and gut microbial disorders, while KD may potentially reverse these abnormalities and serve a therapeutic role. Although there is much indirect evidence that KD has a positive effect on SUD, the small number of relevant studies and the fact that KD leads to side effects such as metabolic abnormalities, increased risk of malnutrition and gastrointestinal symptoms have led to the limitation of KD in the treatment of SUD. Here, we described the organismal disorders caused by SUD and the possible positive effects of KD, aiming to provide potential therapeutic directions for SUD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deshenyue Kong
- General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, Nanjing, China
- Yunnan Technological Innovation Centre of Drug Addiction Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jia-xue Sun
- Yunnan Technological Innovation Centre of Drug Addiction Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ji-qun Yang
- Third People’s Hospital of Kunming City/Drug Rehabilitation Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming, China
| | - Yuan-sen Li
- Yunnan Technological Innovation Centre of Drug Addiction Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ke Bi
- Yunnan Technological Innovation Centre of Drug Addiction Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zun-yue Zhang
- Yunnan Technological Innovation Centre of Drug Addiction Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Kun-hua Wang
- Yunnan Technological Innovation Centre of Drug Addiction Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Hua-you Luo
- First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Mei Zhu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yu Xu
- General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, Nanjing, China
- Yunnan Technological Innovation Centre of Drug Addiction Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nguyen TT, Nguyen HT, Do HP, Ho CSH, Ho RCM. Characterizing the Development of Research Landscapes in Substance Use and HIV/AIDS During 1990 to 2021. Subst Abuse 2023; 17:11782218231177515. [PMID: 37304210 PMCID: PMC10251474 DOI: 10.1177/11782218231177515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mitigating the impacts of Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) and substance use requires comprehensive and systematic thinking in designing interventions and developing policies. This study describes the growth of research publications from 1991 to 2021 in the Web of Science database and points out current research landscapes in the fields of HIV/AIDS and substance use. Latent Dirichlet Allocation was used for classifying 21 359 papers into corresponding topics. The most common topics were HIV transmission, HIV infection, quality of life and mental health of substance users, and the biomedical effect of substance use. Emerging research landscapes include vulnerabilities of people who inject drugs to HIV transmission and related health problems. This study found a lack of research on health services, interdisciplinary and inter-sectoral in combination with clinical evaluation and treatment services. Future investment and implementation of HIV/AIDS and substance use programs should focus on research of health services and clinical evaluation, especially context-specific interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tham Thi Nguyen
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
- Faculty of Medicine, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Hien Thu Nguyen
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
- Faculty of Medicine, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Huyen Phuc Do
- Institute of Health Economics and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Cyrus SH Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Roger CM Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Parmar A, Bhatia G, Sharma P, Pal A. Understanding the epidemiology of substance use in India: A review of nationwide surveys. Indian J Psychiatry 2023; 65:498-505. [PMID: 37397843 PMCID: PMC10309258 DOI: 10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_791_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Substance use is a public health concern on a global and national levels. There is a scarcity of nationally representative systematic research on the epidemiology of substance use in India. This narrative review aims to discuss the various large epidemiological surveys providing data on substance use in India. Attempts have been made to extract data pertaining to special population groups as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arpit Parmar
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Gayatri Bhatia
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Pawan Sharma
- Department of Psychiatry, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Nepal
| | - Arghya Pal
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
The Intersection of Health Rehabilitation Services with Quality of Life in Saudi Arabia: Current Status and Future Needs. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11030389. [PMID: 36766964 PMCID: PMC9914340 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11030389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Quality of life (QoL) is essential for maintaining a healthy, balanced lifestyle, especially among individuals with chronic diseases. Saudi Arabia (SA) launched a health sector transformation program as part of the nationwide Vision 2030 initiative to ensure the sustainable development of efficient healthcare services, aiming to improve health by increasing well-being and QoL. More investigation into the current status of health rehabilitation services provided to individuals with chronic diseases and future needs to optimize services and improve QoL is needed. This was narratively discussed by experts from different health rehabilitation services in SA. Comprehensive health rehabilitation services including orthopedic, occupational, cardiac, pulmonary, critical care, perioperative, hearing and speech, substance use disorders, and vocational rehabilitation services were addressed. Health rehabilitation services in SA, as in other countries, are suboptimal for individuals in health rehabilitation programs. To optimize the QoL of individuals with chronic diseases, health rehabilitation services should be tailored based on the unique requirements of each service and its serving patients. The shared need to improve health rehabilitation services includes the adoption of home-based and telehealth services, the integration of multi-governmental sectors, the empowerment and allocation of health rehabilitation specialists, public awareness campaigns, policy legislation and guideline development, and the implementation of a long-term follow-up system. This review is one of the first to address the intersection of health rehabilitation services and QoL in SA; urgent and holistic actions are paramount to address the pressing need to optimize SA's health rehabilitation services. The experts' recommendations in this study may be applicable to other countries' health systems, as health rehabilitation services are not well optimized globally.
Collapse
|
9
|
Olasore HSA, Osuntoki AA, Magbagbeola OA, Awesu ARB, Olashore AA. Association of Dopamine Transporter Gene (DAT1) 40 bp 3′ UTR VNTR Polymorphism (rs28363170) and Cannabis Use Disorder. SUBSTANCE ABUSE: RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2023; 17:11782218231163696. [PMID: 37020726 PMCID: PMC10068503 DOI: 10.1177/11782218231163696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Cannabis remains the most widely used illicit drug among Nigerians, often associated with psychiatric disorders. Since genetic predisposition has been implicated in substance use disorders, we, therefore, aimed at finding out the relationship between dopamine transporter gene (DAT1) polymorphism and cannabis use disorder. Methods: We recruited 104 patients from a tertiary psychiatric facility in Lagos, Nigeria, who were diagnosed with cannabis use disorder according to ICD-10 and 96 non-smokers as a comparative group. The smokers were screened with Cannabis Use Disorder Identification Test (CUDIT), and cannabis dependence was assessed with the Severity of Dependence Scale (SDS). Genotyping was carried out for the 40 bp 3′ UTR VNTR of the DAT1 (rs28363170). Results: The frequencies of 9R/9R, 9R/10R, 10R/10R among non-smokers and smokers were 14 (14.3%), 25 (26.2%), 57 (59.5%) and 17 (16.3%), 54 (51.9%), 33 (31.7%) respectively. The genotype distribution was in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) only in the smokers’ population (χ² = 1.896, P = .166). Individuals with the 10R allele were almost twice as likely as the 9R carriers to smoke cannabis (OR = 1.915, 95% CI: 1.225-2.995). However, this polymorphism was not associated with the quantity of cannabis smoked, age at onset of smoking, CUDIT, and SDS scores. Conclusion: The DAT VNTR polymorphism was associated with cannabis smoking but not cannabis use disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Holiness SA Olasore
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Idi Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Akinniyi A Osuntoki
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Idi Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Olubunmi A Magbagbeola
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Idi Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | - Anthony A Olashore
- Department of Psychiatry, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sukumar GM, Banandur P, Dagar V, Nema S, Velu SR, Banavaram A, Naik V, Gangappa V, Arelingaiah M, Garady L, Lakshminarayan SC, Rajneesh S, Gopalkrishna G. Prevalence and factors associated with tobacco use among beneficiaries attending the youth mental health promotion clinics (Yuvaspandana Kendra) in India: A case-record analysis. Tob Prev Cessat 2022; 8:37. [PMID: 36382027 PMCID: PMC9608783 DOI: 10.18332/tpc/155190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chewing tobacco and smoking among youth leads to poor health outcomes. Understanding the factors associated with chewing tobacco and smoking is thus important for interventions. METHODS A case-record analysis among 10340 youth (aged 15-35 years) attending a unique mental health promotion program, Yuva Spandana, across the state of Karnataka in southern India, was performed to assess prevalence of chewing tobacco and smoking. Multiple logistic regression was applied to determine the factors associated with their use. RESULTS Overall, the prevalence of chewing tobacco and smoking among beneficiaries was 3% and 2.1%, respectively. The risk of tobacco chewing and smoking increased with age and risk was higher among males, married individuals and among all occupational categories, other than students. Adjusted odds ratios of chewing tobacco were found to be highest among business/salaried beneficiaries (AOR=3.48; 95% CI: 2.27-5.34), followed by ever married beneficiaries (AOR=3.41; 95% CI: 1.27-9.17). Adjusted odds ratios of smoking tobacco were highest among males (AOR=12.89; 95% CI: 7.5-22.14), followed by emotional experience of feeling worthless (AOR=4.19; 95% CI: 2.78-6.32), beneficiaries with poor relationship with family members (AOR=3.79; 95% CI: 1.38-10.44), and business/salaried beneficiaries (AOR=2.90; 95% CI: 1.79-4.7). Strength of association of males with smoking was much higher (AOR=12.89; 95% CI: 7.5-22.14) than compared with chewing tobacco (AOR=2.49; 95% CI: 1.89-3.28). CONCLUSIONS Early identification of these factors associated with chewing tobacco and smoking will help in focusing on youth specific health promotion and interventions to improve their overall health and wellbeing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gautham M. Sukumar
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, NIMHANS, Karnataka, India
| | - Pradeep Banandur
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, NIMHANS, Karnataka, India
| | - Vaishali Dagar
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, NIMHANS, Karnataka, India
| | - Shubhi Nema
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, NIMHANS, Karnataka, India
| | - Sathya R. Velu
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, NIMHANS, Karnataka, India
| | - Arvind Banavaram
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, NIMHANS, Karnataka, India
| | - Vani Naik
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, NIMHANS, Karnataka, India
| | - Virupaksha Gangappa
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, NIMHANS, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Lavanya Garady
- International Centre for Public Health Innovations, M. S. Ramaiah, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Shalini Rajneesh
- Department of Youth Empowerment and Sports, Government of Karnataka, Karnataka, India
- Department of Planning, Government of Karnataka, Karnataka, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jaguga F, Kiburi SK, Temet E, Barasa J, Karanja S, Kinyua L, Kwobah EK. A systematic review of substance use and substance use disorder research in Kenya. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269340. [PMID: 35679248 PMCID: PMC9186181 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The burden of substance use in Kenya is significant. The objective of this
study was to systematically summarize existing literature on substance use
in Kenya, identify research gaps, and provide directions for future
research. Methods This systematic review was conducted in line with the PRISMA guidelines. We
conducted a search of 5 bibliographic databases (PubMed, PsychINFO, Web of
Science, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Professionals (CINAHL) and
Cochrane Library) from inception until 20 August 2020. In addition, we
searched all the volumes of the official journal of the National Authority
for the Campaign Against Alcohol & Drug Abuse (the African Journal of
Alcohol and Drug Abuse). The results of eligible studies have been
summarized descriptively and organized by three broad categories including:
studies evaluating the epidemiology of substance use, studies evaluating
interventions and programs, and qualitative studies exploring various themes
on substance use other than interventions. The quality of the included
studies was assessed with the Quality Assessment Tool for Studies with
Diverse Designs. Results Of the 185 studies that were eligible for inclusion, 144 investigated the
epidemiology of substance use, 23 qualitatively explored various substance
use related themes, and 18 evaluated substance use interventions and
programs. Key evidence gaps emerged. Few studies had explored the
epidemiology of hallucinogen, prescription medication, ecstasy, injecting
drug use, and emerging substance use. Vulnerable populations such as
pregnant women, and persons with physical disability had been
under-represented within the epidemiological and qualitative work. No
intervention study had been conducted among children and adolescents. Most
interventions had focused on alcohol to the exclusion of other prevalent
substances such as tobacco and cannabis. Little had been done to evaluate
digital and population-level interventions. Conclusion The results of this systematic review provide important directions for future
substance use research in Kenya. Systematic review registration PROSPERO: CRD42020203717.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florence Jaguga
- Department of Mental Health, Moi Teaching & Referral Hospital,
Eldoret, Kenya
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Eunice Temet
- Department of Mental Health & Behavioral Sciences, Moi University
School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Julius Barasa
- Population Health, Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare,
Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Serah Karanja
- Department of Mental Health, Gilgil Sub-County Hospital, Gilgil,
Kenya
| | - Lizz Kinyua
- Intensive Care Unit, Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi,
Kenya
| | - Edith Kamaru Kwobah
- Department of Mental Health, Moi Teaching & Referral Hospital,
Eldoret, Kenya
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Myers B, Koch JR, Johnson K, Harker N. Factors associated with patient-reported experiences and outcomes of substance use disorder treatment in Cape Town, South Africa. Addict Sci Clin Pract 2022; 17:8. [PMID: 35109915 PMCID: PMC8812030 DOI: 10.1186/s13722-022-00289-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Interventions are needed to improve the quality of South Africa’s substance use disorder (SUD) treatment system. This study aimed to identify factors associated with patient-reported suboptimal access, quality, and outcomes of SUD treatment to guide the design of targeted quality improvement initiatives. Method We analysed clinical record and patient survey data routinely collected by SUD services in the Western Cape Province, South Africa. The sample included 1097 treatment episodes, representing 32% of all episodes in 2019. Using multivariate logistic regression, we modelled socio-demographic, substance use and treatment correlates of patient-reported suboptimal access to, quality and outcomes of SUD treatment. Results Overall, 37.9% of patients reported substantial difficulties in accessing treatment, 28.8% reported suboptimal quality treatment, and 31.1% reported suboptimal SUD outcomes. The odds of reporting poor access were elevated for patients identifying as Black/African, in residential treatment, with comorbid mental health problems, and longer histories of substance use. Length of substance use, comorbid mental health problems, and prior SUD treatment were associated with greater likelihood of reporting suboptimal quality treatment. Patients with comorbid mental health problems, polysubstance use, who did not complete treatment, and who perceived treatment to be of poor quality were more likely to report suboptimal outcomes. Conclusion This study is among the first to use patient-reported experiences and outcome measures to identify targets for SUD treatment improvement. Findings suggest substantial room to improve South African SUD treatment services, with targeted efforts needed to reduce disparities in outcomes for patients of Black/African descent, for those with comorbid mental health problems, and for patients who have chronic substance use difficulties. Interventions to enhance the relevance, appropriateness, and acceptability of SUD services for these patient sub-groups are needed to improve system performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bronwyn Myers
- Curtin enAble Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia. .,Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa. .,Division of Addiction Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - J Randy Koch
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Kim Johnson
- Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nadine Harker
- Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.,School of Public Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Medical Detoxification for Nonopioid Substances Is Associated With Lower Likelihood of Subsequent Linkage to Substance Use Disorder Treatment. J Addict Med 2022; 16:653-658. [PMID: 35245917 PMCID: PMC9433460 DOI: 10.1097/adm.0000000000000984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although factors associated with completion of medical detoxification treatment for substance use disorders (SUD) are well described, there is limited information on barriers and facilitators to subsequent linkage to SUD treatment in the community. This study aimed to evaluate correlates of successful linkage to community SUD treatment on discharge. METHODS Data were drawn from 2 prospective cohorts of people who use unregulated drugs in Vancouver, Canada between December 2012 and May 2018. Multivariable generalized estimating equations were used to investigate factors associated with linkage to community SUD treatment in the 6-month period after attending detoxification treatment. RESULTS Of the 264 detoxification treatment encounters contributed by 178 people who use unregulated drugs, these were most often (n = 104, 39%) related to polysubstance use, and the majority (n = 174, 66%) resulted in subsequent linkage to community treatment. In the multivariable analysis, compared to attending detoxification treatment for opioid use, attending detoxification treatment for stimulants (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.23, 95% confidence interval [CI] : 0.10-0.51) and alcohol (AOR = 0.17, 95% CI: 0.06-0.54) were associated with lower odds of subsequent linkage to community treatment. Conversely, later calendar year of detoxification treatment remained associated with higher odds (AOR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.06-1.42). CONCLUSIONS Only two-thirds of detoxification treatment encounters in Vancouver were subsequently linked to community SUD treatment, with those related to nonopioid substances being less likely. Findings suggest the need for tailored interventions for specific substances to improve linkage to SUD treatment in the community on discharge.
Collapse
|
14
|
Li L, Lin C, Liang LJ, Nguyen DB, Pham LQ, Le TA, Nguyen TA. Community Capacity Building for HIV and Addiction Service Integration: An Intervention Trial in Vietnam. AIDS Behav 2022; 26:123-131. [PMID: 34228251 PMCID: PMC8733056 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-021-03363-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Scientific findings and policy guidelines recommend integrating HIV and drug addiction prevention and care into community-based settings. Systematic capacity-building efforts are warranted to provide technical support for community health workers and improve their confidence in the integrated service provision. An intervention trial was conducted between 2018 and 2019 with 120 community health workers (CHW) from 60 communes in Vietnam’s four provinces. The 60 intervention CHW received in-person training to enhance their HIV/addiction-related service knowledge and skills. Online support groups were established between trained CHW and local HIV and addiction specialists. The intervention outcomes were assessed using mixed-effects regression models with the data collected at baseline and every 3 months for 1 year. Adjusted analyses showed that intervention CHW reported a significant increase in the interaction with other treatment providers than the control group at 6 months and remained at the 12-month follow-up. The difference in the improvement of confidence in HIV/addiction-related service delivery between the intervention and control groups was significant at 6-month but became insignificant at the 12-month. Male CHW were more confident in providing services than female CHW at baseline, and gender differences in the changing patterns were observed over time. This capacity-building intervention demonstrated promising outcomes on CHW inter-agency collaborations and confidence in service delivery. Gender divides in healthcare professionals should be attended to in future studies.
Collapse
|
15
|
Obadeji A, Oluwole LO, Kumolalo BF, Dada MU. Patterns of Substance Use Disorders and Associated Co-occurring Psychiatric Morbidity among Patients Seen at the Psychiatric Unit of a Tertiary Health Center. ADDICTION & HEALTH 2022; 14:35-43. [PMID: 35573761 PMCID: PMC9057648 DOI: 10.22122/ahj.v14i1.1275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the pattern of co-occurring mental illness in patients with substance use disorders (SUDs) is essential in improving the prevention and treatment of substance use-related problems. This study examined the pattern of SUDs, the associated co-occurring psychiatric morbidities, and associated factors among patients with SUDs managed at a tertiary health center. METHODS The records of patients who presented with SUDs between 2010 and 2019 were examined. Socio-demographics of interest were extracted from case files. Substance use diagnoses, as well as associated co-occurring mental illness, were extracted and entered into SPSS software. Bivariate analyses including the risk of developing co-occurring mental disorder were calculated. FINDINGS For most patients, the initiation of substance use was before the age of 21 years, while the onset of SUDs was between 21-30 years. Cannabis use disorders (CUDs), alcohol use disorders (AUDs), and nicotine use disorders (NUDs) were the commonest SUDs. Compared with those with CUDs, non-users of cannabis were significantly less likely to develop co-occurring mental illness [odds ratio (OR) = 0.25, 95% confidence interval (CI) =0.13-0.42, P = 0.001]. Those with tramadol use disorders (OR = 2.13, 95% CI = 1.03-4.41, P = 0.040) and those without pentazocine use disorders (P = 0.003) were more likely to have a comorbid mental illness. Patients with AUDs (P = 0.001), CUDs (P = 0.001), NUDs (P = 0.001), and tramadol use disorders (P = 0.045) were significantly more likely to be multiple substance users. CONCLUSION Results suggest an association between SUDs and co-occurring mental illness, though differences in these associations were noticed across the categories of substances. This emphasizes a holistic approach to prevention and care of patients presenting with SUDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adetunji Obadeji
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine AND Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria,Correspondence to: Adetunji
| | - Lateef Olutoyin Oluwole
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine AND Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Banji Ferdinand Kumolalo
- Department of Psychiatry, Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Mobolaji Usman Dada
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine AND Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Majee W, Conteh N, Jacobs J, Jooste K, Wegner L. Rural voices: A social-ecological perspective on factors influencing youth substance use in rural South africa. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2021; 29:1824-1832. [PMID: 33513273 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Youth can be a positive force for development when provided with the knowledge and opportunities they need to thrive, yet they continue to experience insurmountable challenges, such as poverty and absentee fathers, that prompt them to resort to risk behaviours such as substance use. In rural South Africa, women tend to be the breadwinners and more involved with parenting than men. OBJECTIVE The primary objective of the study was to explore perspectives of rural youth on factors influencing youth participation in substance use. The secondary objective was to obtain the perspectives of adult women on factors influencing substance use among young people. METHODS The qualitative study, informed by a social-ecological framework, utilised a semi-structured interview protocol in focus group discussions in rural South Africa. Seven focus group discussions, each with between 8 and 15 individuals were conducted with 79 youth. The eighth discussion was with nine adult women. Data were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim, manually coded and further analysed into themes using NVivo 12. FINDINGS Four themes emerged: hopelessness and lack of motivation, lack of adult role models such as father, lack of built environment for recreational activities and lack of educational opportunities. The social-ecological model provided a useful framework to understand the findings. In line with this model, rural youth in South Africa described a variety of factors that influenced youth substance use and other risk behaviours. These related to the individual, relationships with others, community and societal norms and values factors of the social-ecological model. CONCLUSIONS The broadening spectrum of substances available to an increasing youth population bulge in Africa suggests a strong threat of social and disease burden due to substance use disorders. Given this threat, this study provides awareness to a multi-systems approach needed to support the rural South African youth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Majee
- Department of Health Sciences and Public Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Community & Health Sciences, University of the Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Nameri Conteh
- MPH School of Health Professions, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Joachim Jacobs
- HIV and Aids Program, University of the Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Karien Jooste
- Department of Nursing, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lisa Wegner
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Community & Health Sciences, University of the Western Cape, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Branson DC, Martin JS, Westbrook OE, Ketcherside RJ, Bradley CS. “Why People Gotta be so Judgy?”: The Importance of Agency-Wide, Non-judgmental Approach to Client Care. ALCOHOLISM TREATMENT QUARTERLY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/07347324.2021.1955641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dana C. Branson
- Department of Criminal Justice, Social Work, and Sociology, Southeast Missouri State University, Cape Girardeau, Missouri, USA
| | - Jocelyn S. Martin
- Department of Criminal Justice, Social Work, and Sociology, Southeast Missouri State University, Cape Girardeau, Missouri, USA
| | - Olivia E. Westbrook
- Department of Criminal Justice, Social Work, and Sociology, Southeast Missouri State University, Cape Girardeau, Missouri, USA
| | - River J. Ketcherside
- Social Work Program, Southern Illinois University – Carbondale, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| | - Christopher S. Bradley
- Department of Criminal Justice, Social Work, and Sociology, Southeast Missouri State University, Cape Girardeau, Missouri, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Aleixandre-Benavent R, Agulló-Calatayud V, Alonso-Arroyo A, Bueno-Cañigral FJ, Castelló-Cogollos L, Lucas-Domínguez R, Melero-Fuentes D, Sixto-Costoya A, Vidal-Infer A, Valderrama-Zurián JC. Investigación española en las áreas de adicciones y de trastornos de la alimentación: análisis de la producción, colaboración e impacto científico (1962-2017). REVISTA ESPANOLA DE DOCUMENTACION CIENTIFICA 2021. [DOI: 10.3989/redc.2021.3.1766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Las adicciones y los trastornos de la alimentación constituyen uno de los principales problemas de salud en la sociedad contemporánea al que se destinan gran cantidad de recursos destinados a la investigación para su prevención y tratamiento. Objetivos. Analizar la investigación española en el área de adicciones y trastornos de la alimentación desde que se publicó el primer trabajo recogido en bases de datos bibliográficas y desde una perspectiva bibliométrica. Metodología. Para obtener la información necesaria se consultaron las bases de datos Web of Science, Scopus y bases de datos del CSIC. Se elaboró un perfil de búsqueda específico. Se obtuvieron indicadores bibliométricos de producción, colaboración e impacto científico. Se utilizó el análisis de redes sociales para identificar las redes de investigadores y sus relaciones de colaboración, así como la red de co-palabras clave. Resultados. La producción científica aumentó progresivamente durante los casi 50 años analizados. Los trabajos se publicaron en una gran variedad de revistas nacionales y extranjeras, entre las que destacaron Adicciones, Revista Española de Drogodependencias, Trastornos Adictivos y Salud y Drogas. Conclusiones. La producción, colaboración e impacto de la investigación ha sido creciente y las adicciones más estudiadas fueron el tabaquismo, alcoholismo, consumo de cocaína y consumo de anfetaminas.
Collapse
|
19
|
Liu N, Zhou H, Xiong X, Li Q, Jiang X, Zhao J, Yang X, Zhang M, Wang X, Wang G, Yang F, Hu J, Zhang X, Du L, Li H, Feng B, Hu Z, Chen Z, Wang C, Wang X, Zhang J, Liu T, Jia F, Sun X, Xu X, Meng H, Wang G, Zhang N, Mei Q, Tan Q, Peng C, Li J, Lu Z. Clinical characteristics of familial schizophrenia. Asia Pac Psychiatry 2021; 13:e12422. [PMID: 33053613 DOI: 10.1111/appy.12422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A family history of psychiatric disorders is one of the strongest risk factors for schizophrenia. The characteristics of patients with a family history of psychiatric disorders have not been systematically evaluated. METHODS This multicenter study (26 centers, 2425 cases) was performed in a Chinese population to examine the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of schizophrenia patients with a family history of psychotic disorders in comparison with those of patients with sporadic schizophrenia. RESULTS Nineteen percent of patients had a family history of mental disease. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that ≥4 hospitalizations (OR = 1.78, P = .004), tobacco dependence (OR = 1.48, P = .006), alcohol dependence (OR = 1.74, P = .013), and physical illness (OR = 1.89, P = .001) were independently and significantly associated with a family history of mental disease. CONCLUSION Patients with a family history of mental disorders present different demographics and clinical features than patients without a family history of psychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Tongji Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangyu Xiong
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingwei Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Tongji Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuefeng Jiang
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingping Zhao
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoxin Yang
- Editorial Office, Chinese Journal of Psychiatry, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyuan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangqun Wang
- Beijing Mental Health Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fude Yang
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical Universtiy, Harbin, China
| | - Xinjun Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tianjing Anding Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lingyang Du
- Department of Psychiatry, Xiaoshan Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huichun Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bing Feng
- Department of Psychiatry, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenyu Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Zuoming Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College, Xinxiang, China
| | - Chunxia Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao Seventh People's Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Xilin Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Guangzhou Psychiatric Hospital, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinbei Zhang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tiebang Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fujun Jia
- Department of Psychiatry, Guangdong Mental Health Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Xueli Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiufeng Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Huaqing Meng
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gaohua Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiyi Mei
- Department of Psychiatry, Suzhou Guangji Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Qingrong Tan
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Chunqing Peng
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zheng Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Tongji Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Chikezie EU, Ebuenyi ID, Allagoa ELP, Onyeka IN. Perception of Substance Use Disorder Training: a Survey of General Psychiatry Residents in Nigeria. ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY : THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF DIRECTORS OF PSYCHIATRIC RESIDENCY TRAINING AND THE ASSOCIATION FOR ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY 2021; 45:360-365. [PMID: 33759140 PMCID: PMC8116221 DOI: 10.1007/s40596-021-01433-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Substance use disorder (SUD) is a global concern. Evidence from high-income countries suggests that SUD training for psychiatry residents is less than optimal but it is unknown whether the situation is different in low-/middle-income settings. This study assessed psychiatry residents' perception of their SUD training. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted among general psychiatry residents in Nigeria from November 2018 to May 2019. Data were collected through self-completion of an English-language questionnaire with multiple-choice and open-ended questions administered face-to-face and online. RESULTS A total of 51 participants completed the questionnaire, mean age 33.6 years and 76.5% men. Most participants (70.6%) expressed interest in addiction psychiatry, and 47.1% perceived their SUD training as inadequate. When asked to rate satisfaction with the SUD training they have received so far, 52.9% were unsatisfied, and the absence of in-house SUD training (29.4%) was the leading cause of dissatisfaction. For those who were satisfied, the most common reasons were availability of SUD training and treatment-related factors (31.4%). The most frequent suggestions for making addiction psychiatry subspecialty attractive to psychiatry residents were provision of SUD treatment units, structured SUD training, and continuity of such training. Equipping existing SUD treatment units and creating more treatment units were the most common suggestions for improving current SUD training. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated a high level of interest in addiction psychiatry, but satisfaction with SUD training was mixed. Addressing causes of dissatisfaction and areas suggested for improvement would be necessary to sustain interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eze U Chikezie
- Niger Delta University Teaching Hospital, Amassoma, Bayelsa, Nigeria
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hernández A, Lan M, MacKinnon NJ, Branscum AJ, Cuadros DF. "Know your epidemic, know your response": Epidemiological assessment of the substance use disorder crisis in the United States. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251502. [PMID: 34038441 PMCID: PMC8153501 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The United States (U.S.) is currently experiencing a substance use disorders (SUD) crisis with an unprecedented magnitude. The objective of this study was to recognize and characterize the most vulnerable populations at high risk of SUD mortality in the U.S., and to identify the locations where these vulnerable population are located. We obtained the most recent available mortality data for the U.S. population aged 15-84 (2005-2017) from the Centers for Diseases and Prevention (CDC). Our analysis focused on the unintentional substance poisoning to estimate SUD mortality. We computed health-related comorbidities and socioeconomic association with the SUD distribution. We identified the most affected populations and conducted a geographical clustering analysis to identify places with increased concentration of SUD related deaths. From 2005-2017, 463,717 SUD-related deaths occurred in the United States. White population was identified with the highest SUD death proportions. However, there was a surge of the SUD epidemic in the Black male population, with a sharp increase in the SUD-related death rate since 2014. We also found that an additional average day of mental distress might increase the relative risk of SUD-related mortality by 39%. The geographical distribution of the epidemic showed clustering in the West and Mid-west regions of the U.S. In conclusion, we found that the SUD epidemic in the U.S. is characterized by the emergence of several micro-epidemics of different intensities across demographic groups and locations within the country. The comprehensive description of the epidemic presented in this study could assist in the design and implementation of targeted policy interventions for addiction mitigation campaigns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Hernández
- Health Geography and Disease Modeling Laboratory, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Geography and GIS, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Geo-information Processing, Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Minxuan Lan
- Department of Geography and GIS, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Neil J. MacKinnon
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- Geospatial Health Advising Group, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Adam J. Branscum
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Diego F. Cuadros
- Health Geography and Disease Modeling Laboratory, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Geography and GIS, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Geospatial Health Advising Group, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Characteristics of depressed suicide attempters with remitted substance use disorders. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 137:572-578. [PMID: 33158553 PMCID: PMC8084874 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Substance use disorder (SUD) comorbidity in mood disorders increases suicide risk. Suicide attempters with active SUD appear to have distinct characteristics but little is known whether these characteristics persist during remission and if they are related to different aspects of suicidal behavior. In this study, suicide attempters with a DSM mood disorder and remitted SUD (AT+SUD) (N = 135) were compared to those without lifetime SUD (AT-SUD) (N = 219) in terms of demographic, clinical and suicidal behavioral characteristics. Factor analyses were conducted to generate subjective distress and impulsivity/aggression factors - previously identified by our group to predict suicide risk in mood disorders. Associations between these traits and SUD history and suicidal behavior characteristics were then tested. Compared with AT-SUD, AT+SUD were more likely to be male, less educated and to have a Cluster B personality disorder. AT+SUD individuals had greater impulsivity/aggression factor scores, but comparable subjective distress scores. AT+SUD made a greater number of suicide attempts, with higher lethality, despite comparable suicide intent and degree of planning with AT-SUD. Impulsivity/aggression was higher in multiple versus single attempters, but did not correlate with suicide attempt lethality. Among suicide attempters with mood disorders, a history of lifetime SUD was associated with more frequent and more lethal suicide attempts. Among other correlates of lifetime SUD in this sample, impulsive/aggressive traits may explain greater frequency of suicide attempts. The results underscore that persons with mood disorders and lifetime SUD are at particularly high risk of frequent and lethal suicide attempts where more intensive prevention efforts are warranted.
Collapse
|
23
|
Valderrama Zurián JC, Bueno Cañigral FJ, Castelló Cogollos L, Aleixandre-Benavent R. The most 100 cited papers in addiction research on cannabis, heroin, cocaine and psychostimulants. A bibliometric cross-sectional analysis. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 221:108616. [PMID: 33636599 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The number of citations a peer-reviewed article receives is often used as a measure of its importance and scientific impact. This paper identifies, describes and categorizes the highly cited papers in addiction research on cannabis, heroin, cocaine and psychostimulants. Highly cited papers were identified in the Web of Science Core Collection database. Several bibliometric indicators were calculated. Social network analysis was applied to draw groups of authors and institutions with the greatest number of collaborations and co-words. The number of citations for the top 100 cited articles ranged from 649 to 4,672. The articles were published in 40 journals. The subject category Substance Abuse included 10 papers. The United States was the most productive country (79 papers), followed by the United Kingdom (9). The main funding institutions were the National Institutes of Health in the United States. The network of collaboration between authors distributes the 352 researchers into 53 groups. The three most cited works address the neural basis of drug craving as an incentive-sensitization theory of addiction, the clinical and research uses of the Addiction Severity Index, and the neurocircuitry of addiction. Scientific literature on addictions is widely dispersed both in multidisciplinary and specific journals of neurology, psychiatry and addictions, with relatively few publications providing most of the citations. An ongoing challenge for this field is the concentration of highly cited papers coming from a select number of countries, with the United States being the research hub of the world, with the highest volume of publications and total citations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Valderrama Zurián
- Research Unit of Social and Health Information, UISYS Group, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain; Department of History of Science and Documentation, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco Jesús Bueno Cañigral
- Servicio de Drogodependencias (PMD/UPCCA-València), Concejalía de Sanidad y Consumo, Ajuntament de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Lourdes Castelló Cogollos
- Research Unit of Social and Health Information, UISYS Group, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain; Department of Sociology and Social Anthropology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rafael Aleixandre-Benavent
- Research Unit of Social and Health Information, UISYS Group, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain; Ingenio (CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València), Valencia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Bareeqa SB, Ahmed SI, Samar SS, Anwar A, Husain MM. A bibliometric analysis of top 50-most cited articles on repetitive trans-cranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for treatment of depression. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06021. [PMID: 33537480 PMCID: PMC7841314 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Citation count can be used as a key tool to assess the quality of the published literature and because of its immense advantages it is now widely used in ranking the articles on specific topics. Objective/hypothesis To extract and assess the top cited work on repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for depression treatment. Methods Scopus Library Database was searched and two independent authors produced a list of 50 most cited articles on repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for treatment of depression. All the relevant articles having key-terms within their titles, abstract and keywords were included in our search. Our list was categorized into two categories, “mixed” and “focused”. Results The articles in the produced list of top 50 most cited articles on rTMS for treatment of depression belong to the time period 1993–2012 with total citation count 12078. George MS was prominent in the list. ‘Biological Psychiatry’ published most number of articles (n = 13) among the list. Articles were categorized on the basis of primary population and intervention into ‘Focused’ and ‘Mixed’ categories. Limitations Articles that were published before 1993 and after 2012 on rTMS for depression couldn't made it to the final list of top-50 most cited article. Conclusion We attempted to conduct a topic-specific citation analysis considering the paucity of specified bibliometrics in medical literature. Our research provides an insight on emerging trends in rTMS for depression and highlights the characteristics, quality and dynamics of frequently cited articles in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Syed Ijlal Ahmed
- Liaquat National Medical College and Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Arsalan Anwar
- Department of Medicine, Dow Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mustafa M Husain
- Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
The Pattern of Substance Abuse in the Psychiatry Department of a Tertiary Care of Srinagar Hospital, Jammu and Kashmir, India. ARCHIVES OF NEUROSCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.5812/ans.106492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background: Substance-use related disorders (SUD) are a major public health concern worldwide, especially in developing nations. Currently, it is characterized by high rates of mortality and morbidity. Moreover, through increased utilization of healthcare services, it causes both direct and indirect significant medical expenditures. Objectives: The current study aimed to evaluate the pattern of Substance abuse in the department of psychiatry of a Tertiary Care Hospital, Srinagar, Jammu, and Kashmir, India. Methods: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional, and open study conducted in the psychiatry inpatient department of a tertiary care hospital, Srinagar, Jammu, and Kashmir, India, for 7 months (January to May 2020). Results: Over a period of seven months, a total of 135 participants were recruited (105 males and 30 females). Most of them were Muslim (96.29%), married (68.14%), and living as a nuclear family (75.55%). Tobacco (Nicotine) was the most commonly used substance by those admitted to the psychiatry ward (62.96%), followed by cannabis (11.11%) and opioids (11.11%). The most comorbidity associated with substance abuse was psychiatric disorders (36.84%), followed by neurological disorders (21.05%), and gastrointestinal disorders (7.89%). Among those with psychiatric disorders, 14 (10.37%) had mood (bipolar) disorders. A total of 1129 medicines were prescribed for 135 patients. The mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM) of the prescribed medicines was 8.48 ± 3.3. The average number of drugs per encounter was 8.48%. Conclusions: In this study, cigarette smoking (nicotine) was the most commonly abused substance. It can be justified by the fact that Kashmir is a conflict zone, and many people suffer from the post-traumatic stress disorder. Hence, a collaborated effort is necessary to improve the prescribing pattern and to enhance the rational use of medications for better treatment outcomes.
Collapse
|
26
|
Sahker E, Sakata M, Toyomoto R, Hwang C, Yoshida K, Luo Y, Watanabe N, Furukawa TA. Efficacy of brief intervention for drug misuse in primary care facilities: systematic review and meta-analysis protocol. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e036633. [PMID: 32878757 PMCID: PMC7470504 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Drug misuse is associated with significant global morbidity, mortality, economic costs and social costs. Many primary care facilities have integrated drug misuse screening and brief intervention (BI) into their usual care delivery. However, the efficacy of BI for drug misuse in primary care has not been substantiated through meta-analysis. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to determine the efficacy of BI for drug misuse in primary care settings. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We will include all randomised controlled trials comparing primary care-delivered BI for drug misuse with no intervention or minimal screening/assessment and usual care. Primary outcomes are (1) drug use frequency scores and (2) severity scores at intermediate follow-up (4-8 months). We will retrieve all studies through searches in CENTRAL, Embase, MEDLINE and PsycINFO until 31 May 2020. The reference list will be supplemented with searches in trial registries (eg, www.clinicaltrials.gov) and through relevant existing study reference lists identified in the literature. We will conduct a random-effect pairwise meta-analysis for primary and secondary outcomes. We will assess statistical heterogeneity though visual inspection of a forest plot and calculate I2 statistics. We will assess risk of bias using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool V.2 and evaluate the certainty of evidence through the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Sensitivity analyses will account for studies with control group variations and studies with a high risk of bias. If heterogeneity is present, subgroup analyses will consider patient variables of age, sex/gender, race/ethnicity, per cent insured, baseline severity and primary drug misused. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study will use published aggregate data and will not require ethical approval. Findings will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Sahker
- Department of Health Promotion and Human Behavior, Graduate School of Medicine, School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), Overseas Fellowship Division, Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Sakata
- Department of Health Promotion and Human Behavior, Graduate School of Medicine, School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Rie Toyomoto
- Department of Health Promotion and Human Behavior, Graduate School of Medicine, School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chiyoung Hwang
- Department of Health Promotion and Human Behavior, Graduate School of Medicine, School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), Research Fellowship Division, Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Yoshida
- Department of Health Promotion and Human Behavior, Graduate School of Medicine, School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Health Promotion and Human Behavior, Graduate School of Medicine, School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Norio Watanabe
- Department of Health Promotion and Human Behavior, Graduate School of Medicine, School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshi A Furukawa
- Department of Health Promotion and Human Behavior, Graduate School of Medicine, School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Viswanath A, Barreveld AM, Fortino M. Assessment and Management of the High-Risk Dental Patient with Active Substance Use Disorder. Dent Clin North Am 2020; 64:547-558. [PMID: 32448458 DOI: 10.1016/j.cden.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Every dentist cares for patients with a history of substance use disorder (SUD), regardless of a patient's socioeconomic status, education, or ethnicity. SUD is a global epidemic, with approximately 8% of the general US population meeting diagnostic criteria for a SUD and more than 20% of the global population experiencing a SUD. The importance of understanding how to identify substance use, manage patients with a SUD, and offer appropriate referral is essential for all dental professionals. In 2005, the American Dental Association published, "Statement on Provision of Dental Treatment for Patients with Substance Use Disorders."
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Archana Viswanath
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, 1 Kneeland Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, 1 Kneeland Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Antje M Barreveld
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 1 Kneeland Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Pain Management Services, Substance Use Services, Newton-Wellesley Hospital, Newton, MA, USA
| | - Matthew Fortino
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Center for Pain Medicine, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, 1 Kneeland Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Global Research on Quality of Life of Patients with HIV/AIDS: Is It Socio-Culturally Addressed? (GAP RESEARCH). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17062127. [PMID: 32210042 PMCID: PMC7143369 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17062127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Quality of life (QOL) has been considered as an important outcome indicator in holistic care for HIV-infected people, especially as HIV/AIDS transforms from a fatal illness to a chronic condition. This study aimed to identify trends and emerging topics among research concerning the QOL of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). The analyzed data were English papers published from 1996 to 2017, searched and extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection. Collaborations between countries and the correlation between the keywords were visualized by VOSviewer while the abstracts’ content was analyzed using exploratory factor analysis and Jaccard’s’ similarity index. There has been an increase in both the number of publications and citations. The United Nations of America leads in terms of paper volume. The cross-nation collaborations are mainly regional. Despite a rather comprehensive coverage of topics relating to QOL in PLWHA, there has evidently been a lack of studies focusing on socio-cultural factors and their impacts on the QOL of those who are HIV-infected. Further studies should consider investigating the role of socio-cultural factors, especially where long-term treatment is involved. Policy-level decisions are recommended to be made based on the consideration of cultural factors, while collaborations between developed and developing nations, in particular in HIV/AIDS-ridden countries, are strongly recommended.
Collapse
|
29
|
Cipolletta S, Entilli L, Nucci M, Feltrin A, Germani G, Cillo U, Volpe B. Psychosocial Support in Liver Transplantation: A Dyadic Study With Patients and Their Family Caregivers. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2304. [PMID: 31649602 PMCID: PMC6795706 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims: Liver transplantation provides an opportunity of survival for patients with liver failure; however, this procedure is known to be psychologically and physically fatiguing for patients and their informal caregivers. The aim of this study was to investigate how perceived social support and the distribution of dependency were associated with the psychological wellbeing of patients waiting for liver transplantation and their caregivers, as a dyad. Methods: The present was a cross-sectional study. Ninety-five participants were recruited at a hospital in Northern Italy, during the psychological evaluation for inclusion in the transplantation list: 51 patients (19 with alcohol-related illness) and 44 family caregivers. Both patients and caregivers filled in a Symptom Checklist and Kelly’s Dependency Grids. Patients also compiled the Medical Outcome Study Social-Support Survey, and caregivers compiled the Family Strain Questionnaire Short-Form. Results: Caregivers reported important levels of strain and strongly related to a worsening of their own and patients’ symptoms. Patients with alcohol-related pathologies had a narrower social network, which corresponded to an increase in family strain. On the sample as a whole, regression analyses showed that perceived social support and dependency measures did not predict patients’ and caregivers’ symptoms. Nevertheless, cluster analysis identified a group of caregivers who distributed their dependency more and experienced lower levels of depression, anxiety, and strain. Conclusions: These results suggest the usefulness of a dyadic approach in the research, prevention, and care of liver diseases. A deeper comprehension of the functioning of dyads will help practitioners in the identification of situations at risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lorenza Entilli
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Massimo Nucci
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Giacomo Germani
- Multivisceral Transplant Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Umberto Cillo
- Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit, Department of General Surgery and Organ Transplantation, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhang M, Heng S, Song G, Fung DS, Smith HE. Co-designing a Mobile Gamified Attention Bias Modification Intervention for Substance Use Disorders: Participatory Research Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2019; 7:e15871. [PMID: 31584003 PMCID: PMC6797967 DOI: 10.2196/15871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Advances in experimental psychology have highlighted the need to modify underlying automatic cognitive biases, such as attentional biases. The effectiveness of bias modification has been well studied for substance use disorders. With recent advances in technology, it is now possible to work outside the laboratory with Web-based and mobile-based attention bias interventions. Gamification technologies might also help diminish the repetitiveness of the task and increase the intrinsic motivation to train. The inconsistent findings of the impact of gaming on the effectiveness of mobile interventions call for further work to better understand the needs of patients (users) and health care professionals. Objective The aim of this study was to involve patients, together with health care professionals, in the design of a gamified mobile attention bias modification intervention for substance use disorders. Methods The participatory design research method adopted is that of a user-oriented design approach in the form of a future workshop. In the first phase of the workshop, participants shared their critique of an attention bias modification intervention. In the second phase of the workshop, participants were asked to brainstorm features. Participants were also shown gamification approaches and asked to consider if gaming elements could enhance the existing app. In the last phase, participants were asked to sketch a new prototype. Results Three co-design workshops were conducted with health care professionals, inpatients, and outpatients. There were 20 participants, consisting of 10 health care professionals and 10 patients. When asked to identify the limitations in the existing app, common issues identified were those of the design, visual probe task, and the included images. Outpatients were also concerned with the safety of administration of the intervention. In the brainstorming sessions, health care professionals made recommendations as to how the stimulus, the mechanism of responding, and the presentation of the scores could be enhanced. Inpatient participants recommended the addition of functionalities, such as information on the harms associated with the substance use, and for there to be enhancements in the design, images, and task. Outpatient participants perceived a need to improve the images and presentation of the results and recommended the inclusion of gaming features. There were differences in opinion on the inclusion of gaming features, as only health care professionals endorsed their inclusion. In the last phase of the workshop, participants were tasked with the conceptualization of prototypes, and the commonality in the design was for a gradual shortening of the interval for stimulus/image presentation. Conclusions The results from this research will guide the development of an app that meets the specific needs of patients and is still based on a pre-existing validated task paradigm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melvyn Zhang
- National Addictions Management Service, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sandor Heng
- National Addictions Management Service, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Guo Song
- National Addictions Management Service, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daniel Ss Fung
- Department of Developmental Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Helen E Smith
- Family Medicine and Primary Care, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|