Nesfatin-1 suppresses autophagy of chondrocytes in osteoarthritis via remodeling of cytoskeleton and inhibiting RhoA/ROCK signal pathway

N6-Methyladenosine Modification of lncCCKAR-5 Regulates Autophagy in Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Destabilizing LMNA and Inhibits Diabetic Wound Healing

Long noncoding RNAs are pivotal contributors to the development of human diseases. However, their significance in the context of diabetic wound healing regulated by human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) remains unclear. This study sheds light on the involvement of lncCCKAR5 in this process. We found that hUCMSCs exposed to high glucose conditions exhibited a significant downregulation of lncCCKAR5 expression, and lncCCKAR5 played a critical role in modulating autophagy, thus inhibiting apoptosis in hUCMSCs. In addition, the reduction of lncCCKAR5 in cells exposed to high glucose effectively thwarted cellular senescence and facilitated filopodium formation. Mechanistically, lncCCKAR5 served as a scaffold that facilitated the interaction between MKRN2 and LMNA, a key regulator of cytoskeletal function and autophagy. The lncCCKAR5/LMNA/MKRN2 complex played a pivotal role in promoting the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of LMNA, with this effect being further augmented by N6-adenosine methylation of lncCCKAR5. Consequently, our findings underscore the critical role of lncCCKAR5 in regulating the autophagic process in hUCMSCs, particularly through protein ubiquitination and degradation. This intricate regulatory network presents a promising avenue for potential therapeutic interventions in the context of diabetic wound healing involving hUCMSCs.

The dysregulated autophagy in osteoarthritis: Revisiting molecular profile

The risk factors of osteoarthritis (OA) are different and obesity, lifestyle, inflammation, cell death mechanisms and diabetes mellitus are among them. The changes in the biological mechanisms are considered as main regulators of OA pathogenesis. The dysregulation of autophagy is observed in different human diseases. During the pathogenesis of OA, the autophagy levels (induction or inhibition) change. The supportive and pro-survival function of autophagy can retard the progression of OA. The protective autophagy prevents the cartilage degeneration. Moreover, autophagy demonstrates interactions with cell death mechanisms and through inhibition of apoptosis and necroptosis, it improves OA. The non-coding RNA molecules can regulate autophagy and through direct and indirect control of autophagy, they dually delay/increase OA pathogenesis. The mitochondrial integrity can be regulated by autophagy to alleviate OA. Furthermore, therapeutic compounds, especially phytochemicals, stimulate protective autophagy in chondrocytes to prevent cell death. The protective autophagy has ability of reducing inflammation and oxidative damage, as two key players in the pathogenesis of OA.