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The importance of diaphragmatic surgery, chemical pleurodesis and postoperative hormonal therapy in preventing recurrence in catamenial pneumothorax: a retrospective cohort study. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 2022; 70:818-824. [PMID: 35286587 DOI: 10.1007/s11748-022-01802-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Catamenial pneumothorax (CP) is defined as a recurrent, spontaneous pneumothorax occurring within a day before or 72 h after the onset of menstruation. Most first episodes go undiagnosed and treated as primary spontaneous pneumothorax, and only after recurrence is the clinical suspicion of CP raised. No gold-standard management approach exists, especially in terms of managing diaphragmatic involvement. METHODS This study is a single-centre cohort retrospective study of 24 female patients who underwent surgery for pneumothorax due to diaphragmatic endometriosis between January 2008 and December 2016. Two groups were compared: a group that underwent pleurodesis alone (8 patients) and a group that underwent diaphragmatic surgery and pleurodesis (16 patients). RESULTS There were differences in BMI and smoking habits between the two groups. The right diaphragm was involved more often (6vs15, p = 0.190). VATS was the preferred surgical approach and only one conversion occurred in the diaphragmatic surgery group (p = 0.470). Diaphragmatic abnormalities were present in all the patients, brown/violet spots (100%) in the pleurodesis group and perforations (100%) in the diaphragmatic surgery group (p < 0.001). There were no differences in days of chest tube removal and length of stay. The recurrence rate was 100% in the pleurodesis alone group while it was only 12.5% in the diaphragmatic surgery group (< 0.001). CONCLUSIONS In our experience, diaphragmatic surgery and pleurodesis followed by hormonal therapy was an effective approach in preventing recurrence in patients with catamenial pneumothorax and diaphragmatic involvement.
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Topbas Selcuki NF, Yilmaz S, Kaya C, Usta T, Kale A, Oral E. Thoracic Endometriosis: A Review Comparing 480 Patients Based on Catamenial and Noncatamenial Symptoms. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2021; 29:41-55. [PMID: 34375738 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2021.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This review aimed to categorize thoracic endometriosis syndrome (TES) according to whether the presenting symptoms were catamenial and to evaluate whether such a categorization enables a better management strategy. DATA SOURCES An electronic search was conducted using the PubMed/Medline database. METHODS OF STUDY SELECTION The following keywords were used in combination with the Boolean operators AND OR: "thoracic endometriosis syndrome," "thoracic endometriosis," "diaphragm endometriosis," and "catamenial pneumothorax." TABULATION, INTEGRATION, AND RESULTS The initial search yielded 445 articles. Articles in non-English languages, those whose full texts were unavailable, and those that did not present the symptomatology clearly were further excluded. After these exclusions, the review included 240 articles and 480 patients: 61 patients in the noncatamenial group and 419 patients in the catamenial group. The groups differed significantly in presenting symptoms, surgical treatment techniques, and observed localization of endometriotic loci (p <.05). CONCLUSION This review points out the significant differences between patients with TES with catamenial and noncatamenial symptoms. Such categorization and awareness by clinicians of these differences among patients with TES can be helpful in designing a management strategy. When constructing management guidelines, these differences between patients with catamenial and noncatamenial symptoms should be taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nura Fitnat Topbas Selcuki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Istanbul Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital (Dr. Topbas Selcuki)
| | - Salih Yilmaz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Acibadem Altunizade Hospital (Dr. Yilmaz)
| | - Cihan Kaya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Acibadem Bakirkoy Hospital (Dr. Kaya)
| | - Taner Usta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Acibadem Altunizade Hospital (Dr. Usta).
| | - Ahmet Kale
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Istanbul Kartal Dr. Lutfi Kirdar City Hospital (Dr. Kale)
| | - Engin Oral
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bezmialem Vakif University (Dr. Oral), Istanbul, Turkey
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Mecha E, Makunja R, Maoga JB, Mwaura AN, Riaz MA, Omwandho COA, Meinhold-Heerlein I, Konrad L. The Importance of Stromal Endometriosis in Thoracic Endometriosis. Cells 2021; 10:180. [PMID: 33477657 PMCID: PMC7831500 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Thoracic endometriosis (TE) is a rare type of endometriosis, where endometrial tissue is found in or around the lungs and is frequent among extra-pelvic endometriosis patients. Catamenial pneumothorax (CP) is the most common form of TE and is characterized by recurrent lung collapses around menstruation. In addition to histology, immunohistochemical evaluation of endometrial implants is used more frequently. In this review, we compared immunohistochemical (CPE) with histological (CPH) characterizations of TE/CP and reevaluated arguments in favor of the implantation theory of Sampson. A summary since the first immunohistochemical description in 1998 until 2019 is provided. The emphasis was on classification of endometrial implants into glands, stroma, and both together. The most remarkable finding is the very high percentage of stromal endometriosis of 52.7% (CPE) compared to 10.2% (CPH). Chest pain, dyspnea, right-sided preference, and diaphragmatic endometrial implants showed the highest percentages in both groups. No significant association was found between the recurrence rate and the various appearances of endometriosis. Sometimes in CPE (6.8%) and CPH (30.6%) no endometrial implants were identified underlining the importance of sensitive detection of endometriosis during and after surgery. We suggest that immunohistochemical evaluation should become mandatory and will improve diagnosis and classification of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezekiel Mecha
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi 00100, Kenya; (E.M.); (R.M.); (C.O.A.O.)
| | - Roselydiah Makunja
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi 00100, Kenya; (E.M.); (R.M.); (C.O.A.O.)
| | - Jane B. Maoga
- Institute of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (J.B.M.); (A.N.M.); (M.A.R.); (I.M.-H.)
| | - Agnes N. Mwaura
- Institute of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (J.B.M.); (A.N.M.); (M.A.R.); (I.M.-H.)
| | - Muhammad A. Riaz
- Institute of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (J.B.M.); (A.N.M.); (M.A.R.); (I.M.-H.)
| | - Charles O. A. Omwandho
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi 00100, Kenya; (E.M.); (R.M.); (C.O.A.O.)
- Deputy Vice Chancellor, Kirinyaga University, Kerugoya 10300, Kenya
| | - Ivo Meinhold-Heerlein
- Institute of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (J.B.M.); (A.N.M.); (M.A.R.); (I.M.-H.)
| | - Lutz Konrad
- Institute of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (J.B.M.); (A.N.M.); (M.A.R.); (I.M.-H.)
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Ciriaco P, Muriana P, Lembo R, Carretta A, Negri G. Treatment of Thoracic Endometriosis Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis and Review. Ann Thorac Surg 2020; 113:324-336. [PMID: 33345783 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2020.09.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thoracic endometriosis syndrome (TES) is a rare disorder characterized by the presence of functional endometrial tissue within the chest cavity. Up to 80% of women with TES present with concomitant pelvic endometriosis. The diagnostic-curative path is defined by both thoracic surgeons and gynecologists, consistent with the manifestation of the disease. The aim of the study was to analyze the different approaches to generate an ideal diagnosis-treatment algorithm that can be shared by both specialties. METHODS We searched PubMed and Scopus for studies that were completed by March 2019 and that included at least 8 patients with TES. Information on preoperative exams, surgical technique, postoperative management, and recurrence of disease was collected for meta-analysis. RESULTS Twenty-five studies including a total of 732 patients were eligible. Almost all of the patients underwent radiologic pelvis investigation (96%; confidence interval [CI], 87%-100%). Videothoracoscopy was the preferred surgical technique (84%; 95% CI, 66%-96%). Intraoperative evaluation revealed the presence of diaphragmatic anomalies in 84% of cases (95% CI, 73%-93%). The overall pooled prevalence of concomitant or staged laparoscopy was 52% (95% CI, 18%-85%). Postoperative hormone therapy was heterogeneous with a pooled prevalence of 61% (95% CI, 33%-86%; I2 = 95.6%; P < .01). Recurrence of symptoms was documented in 27% of patients (95% CI, 20%-34%; I2 = 54.7%; P < .01). CONCLUSIONS TES should be managed jointly by thoracic surgeons and gynecologists. Chest-abdomen magnetic resonance imaging seems to offer the most details for TES. Combined or staged videothoracoscopy and laparoscopy can provide adequate information to fine-tune proper surgical treatment and postoperative medical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Ciriaco
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Scientific Institute and University Vita-Salute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
| | - Piergiorgio Muriana
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Scientific Institute and University Vita-Salute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosalba Lembo
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Scientific Institute and University Vita-Salute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Carretta
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Scientific Institute and University Vita-Salute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Giampiero Negri
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Scientific Institute and University Vita-Salute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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Yukumi S, Suzuki H, Morimoto M, Shigematsu H, Sugimoto R, Sakao N, Abe M, Watanabe A, Kitazawa S, Sano Y. A case of thoracic endometriosis-related pneumothorax in a menopausal woman. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020; 68:1584-1586. [PMID: 32409913 DOI: 10.1007/s11748-020-01381-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Thoracic endometriosis-related pneumothorax (TERP) or thoracic endometriosis syndrome (TES) usually occurs in women of childbearing age and affects the right thorax. Menopausal and left-sided cases are rare. A case of left-sided TERP in a postmenopausal woman after adjuvant endocrine therapy for breast cancer is reported. A 51-year-old woman underwent video-assisted thoracic surgery for recurrent left pneumothorax. Immunohistological examination of the resected specimen from the apical bleb and a diaphragmatic blueberry spot demonstrated thoracic endometriosis. Even in the case of a left-sided pneumothorax in a menopausal woman, clinicians should be aware of the possibility of TERP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shungo Yukumi
- Departments of Surgery, National Hospital Organization Ehime Medical Center, 366 Yokogawara, Toon, Ehime, 791-0281, Japan.
| | - Hideaki Suzuki
- Departments of Surgery, National Hospital Organization Ehime Medical Center, 366 Yokogawara, Toon, Ehime, 791-0281, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Morimoto
- Departments of Surgery, National Hospital Organization Ehime Medical Center, 366 Yokogawara, Toon, Ehime, 791-0281, Japan
| | | | - Ryujiro Sugimoto
- Center of Chest Medicine and Surgery, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Sakao
- Center of Chest Medicine and Surgery, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Masahiro Abe
- Departments of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Ehime Medical Center, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Akira Watanabe
- Departments of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Ehime Medical Center, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Sohei Kitazawa
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Sano
- Center of Chest Medicine and Surgery, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime, Japan
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Gil Y, Tulandi T. Diagnosis and Treatment of Catamenial Pneumothorax: A Systematic Review. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2020; 27:48-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Dogra N, Luthra A, Chauhan R, Bajaj R, Gourav KP. Recurrent unilateral hemorrhagic pleural effusion: A rare manifestation of thoracic endometriosis syndrome. Ann Card Anaesth 2020; 23:521-523. [PMID: 33109818 PMCID: PMC7879902 DOI: 10.4103/aca.aca_17_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Unilateral recurrent pleural effusions are commonly encountered in critical care practice. Relevant clinical history, physical examination, radiology, and diagnostic thoracentesis usually identify the cause of pleural effusion in most cases. Thoracoscopy or video-assisted thoracic surgery may be required in selective cases. We report a case of 32-year-old female with recurrent unilateral hemorrhagic pleural effusion that was the presenting feature of thoracic endometriosis syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeti Dogra
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ankur Luthra
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rajiv Chauhan
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ritika Bajaj
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jindal IVF and Sant Memorial Nursing Home, Chandigarh, India
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Shrestha B, Shrestha S, Peters P, Ura M, Windsor M, Naidoo R. Catamenial Pneumothorax, a Commonly Misdiagnosed Thoracic Condition: Multicentre Experience and Audit of a Small Case Series With Review of the Literature. Heart Lung Circ 2019; 28:850-857. [PMID: 30853525 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Catamenial pneumothorax (CP) is an unusual condition affecting premenopausal women and commonly misdiagnosed as simple pneumothorax. It is characterised by its recurrence between the day before and within 72 hours after the onset of menstruation. It has been associated with thoracic endometriosis but the aetiology is not well understood and there is no unified agreement for its optimal management. The aim of this study is to determine the incidence of CP in surgical patients and the results of their treatment. METHODS Females between the ages of 30 to 50 years with a diagnosis of pneumothorax, admitted for surgery over a 10-year period in four different hospitals were retrospectively reviewed for evidence of CP. An audit of surgical and medical management of the patients with CP and their short to midterm outcomes was performed in addition to a systemic review of the literature on CP. RESULT A total of 120 premenopausal female patients with a diagnosis of pneumothorax were admitted for Video Assisted Thoracoscopic (VAT) surgery and five women (4.1%) with a mean age of 42.6 years were diagnosed to have CP through surgical and histological findings. The first case was diagnosed 5 years ago and the last three within recent 12 months after the changes in surgical practices of inspecting diaphragmatic surface in suspected cases of CP. Four patients underwent diaphragmatic plication and one patient had a pleural biopsy. All patients underwent talc pleurodesis and hormone therapy in the postoperative period. Short to midterm (mean follow-up period of 25.2 months) results of the patients with CP were encouraging. CONCLUSIONS It is possible that many of the cohort of premenopausal female patients presenting with recurrent pneumothorax are misdiagnosed as spontaneous pneumothorax (SP) because routine inspection of the diaphragmatic surface is not often performed. A thorough menstrual history and its temporal relation to pneumothorax onset should be assessed on every woman presenting with recurrent pneumothorax and intraoperative exploration of diaphragmatic surface should be performed in the patients with high suspicion of CP as the patients diagnosed with CP have a good outcome with surgery and hormone therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishwo Shrestha
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
| | | | - Paul Peters
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Greenslopes Private Hospital, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Mater Private Hospital, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Masashi Ura
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Morgan Windsor
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Rishendran Naidoo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
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Furuta C, Yano M, Numanami H, Yamaji M, Taguchi R, Haniuda M. Nine cases of catamenial pneumothorax: a report of a single-center experience. J Thorac Dis 2018; 10:4801-4805. [PMID: 30233852 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2018.07.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Catamenial pneumothorax (CP) is defined as repeated pneumothorax related to menses and thoracic endometriosis. We performed a retrospective analysis of nine patients with CP to determine the clinical features as well as the effects of treatment and recurrence rates. Methods A retrospective review was conducted of the clinical and pathologic data in all CP patients undergoing treatment at our institution. Nine patients underwent treatment for CP. Of these, six underwent surgical treatment 8 times. Results The median age was 36 years. Six patients had experienced delivery. The laterality of the pneumothorax was right in all patients. Pelvic endometriosis was diagnosed in five patients. Six patients underwent surgical treatment. Partial resection of the lung was performed in four patients and partial resection of the diaphragm in five. Of these, both resections were performed in four patients. A pathological diagnosis of endometriosis was achieved in only three patients. The observation period was 16.7 months. In the six patients with surgical resection, five experienced recurrence at various intervals. Onset of pneumothorax occurred pre- or menstrual period in most cases. Conclusions The diagnosis and treatment of CP is not easy. A multidisciplinary approach and skillful management are required. Recurrence of CP is common following a temporary cure of pneumothorax by surgical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Furuta
- Division of Chest Surgery, Department of Surgery, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Motoki Yano
- Division of Chest Surgery, Department of Surgery, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Hiroki Numanami
- Division of Chest Surgery, Department of Surgery, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamaji
- Division of Chest Surgery, Department of Surgery, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Rumiko Taguchi
- Division of Chest Surgery, Department of Surgery, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Masayuki Haniuda
- Division of Chest Surgery, Department of Surgery, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
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Pankratjevaite L, Samiatina-Morkuniene D. A case report of thoracic endometriosis - A rare cause of haemothorax. Int J Surg Case Rep 2017; 33:139-142. [PMID: 28315819 PMCID: PMC5358902 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2017.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of thoracic endometriosis is complicated, because it has no specific symptoms and signs, and often delayed. TES should be suspected in a reproductive age woman with exacerbating symptoms during the menstruation. TES treatment should be started with medicine. If medical therapy fails, surgical treatment should be performed. Our case report shows that TES may be the cause of dangerous situation when an urgent operation must be performed. It is the first case of TES that has required urgent surgical treatment in our hospital in past fifteen years. Not all clinicians know that TES sometimes might complicate to pneumothorax or massive bleeding, which might cost a patient’s life. We suggest performing VATS as soon as possible for reproductive age woman with unknown aetiology of pneumothorax or haemothorax to find out the lesions in pleural cavity and start appropriate treatment on time.
Introduction The presence of endometrial tissue in airways, pleura and lung parenchyma is called thoracic endometriosis syndrome (TES). It is a rare pathology, and typically consists of catamenial pneumothorax, haemothorax, haemoptysis, and pulmonary nodules. We report a case of a 36-year-old woman with thoracic endometriosis causing catamenial haemothorax. Conclusions The diagnosis of thoracic endometriosis is complicated and often delayed. TES should be suspected in a reproductive age woman with exacerbating symptoms during the menstruation. Treatment may be medical and surgical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Pankratjevaite
- Department of Surgery, Medical Academy, Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Diana Samiatina-Morkuniene
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical Academy, Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.
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Yukumi S, Suzuki H, Morimoto M, Shigematsu H, Okazaki M, Abe M, Kitazawa S, Nakamura K, Sano Y. Two Young Women with Left-sided Pneumothorax Due to Thoracic Endometriosis. Intern Med 2016; 55:3491-3493. [PMID: 27904115 PMCID: PMC5216149 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.55.7187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Pneumothorax associated with thoracic endometriosis (TE) generally occurs in women around 30 years old and it usually affects the right pleural cavity. We herein report two cases of TE associated with left-sided pneumothorax in young women. The prevalence of TE in younger patients may be underestimated if these cases are treated as spontaneous pneumothorax. Pneumothorax occurring in younger patients has not been reported to show laterality. TE-related or catamenial pneumothorax in young women must therefore represent a different clinical entity from the condition seen in older patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shungo Yukumi
- Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization Ehime Medical Center, Japan
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