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Huang Y, Li Y, Guan D, Pan Y, Yang C, Liu H, Chen C, Chen W, Liu J, Wan T, Zhuang L, Wang Q, Zhang Y. Acorus tatarinowii oils exert protective effects on microglia-mediated inflammatory injury via restoring gut microbiota composition in experimental stroke rats. Brain Res Bull 2024; 213:110990. [PMID: 38821245 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.110990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Growing evidence has demonstrated that gut microbiota could be developed as a therapeutic target due to its contribution to microglia activation in the pathological process of ischemic stroke. Acorus tatarinowii oils (AT oils), which is considered as the active fraction of a traditional Chinese herbal medicine Acorus tatarinowii, exerts various bioactivities and prebiotic effects. However, it remains unclear that the effect of AT oils on inflammatory response after ischemic stroke and whether its underlying mechanism is associated to gut microbiota and the intestinal barrier. In the current study, we aim to investigate the anti-microglial neuroinflammation mechanism of AT oils in a middle cerebral artery occlusion model of ischemic stroke. The compositions of AT oils were identified by GC-MS. Our results demonstrated that AT oils could effectively relieve cerebral infarction, inhibit neuronal apoptosis, degrade the release of pro-inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-17, IL-6 and IFN-γ), and mediate the polarization of microglia. Moreover, AT oils restored the composition and the balance of gut microbiota in stroke rats, and reduced abundance of opportunistic genera including Verrucomicrobia, Akkermansia and Tenericutes, as well as increased beneficial bacteria abundance such as Tenericutes and Prevotella_copri. To investigate the role of gut microbiota on AT oils against ischemic stroke, we conducted the fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) experiments with gut microbiota consumption, which suggested that the depletion of gut microbiota took away the protective effect of AT oils, confirming the importance of gut microbiota in the protective effect of AT oils on ischemic stroke. FMT experiments have demonstrated that AT oils preserved the gut permeability and blood-brain barrier, as well as mediated the microglial phenotype under the intervention of gut microbiota. In summary, AT oils could efficaciously moderate neuronal damage and intervene microglial phenotype by reversing gut microbiota disorder in ischemic stroke rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyue Huang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China; Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530022, China
| | - Yongyi Li
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China; Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China
| | - Danni Guan
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China; Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China
| | - Yaru Pan
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China; Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China; Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China
| | - Huina Liu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China; Guangdong Clinical Research Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China
| | - Chaoyan Chen
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China; Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China
| | - Weitao Chen
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China; Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China
| | - Jinman Liu
- Affiliated Jiangmen TCM Hospital, Ji'nan University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529000, China
| | - Ting Wan
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China; Guangdong Clinical Research Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China
| | - Lixing Zhuang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China; Guangdong Clinical Research Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China; Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China.
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China; Guangdong Clinical Research Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China.
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Zhang J, Tian L, Cao G, Yin Z, Wang S, Zhao C, Yang H. AnGong NiuHuang (AGNH) pill attenuated traumatic brain injury through regulating NF-κB/Nlrp3 axis and glycerophospholipid metabolism. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 132:155798. [PMID: 38936259 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury (TBI), especially neuroinflammation after TBI persists for a long time and causes significant neurodegenerative pathologies and neuropsychiatric problems. PURPOSE In this study, the neuroprotective effect of AnGong NiuHuang (AGNH) on TBI was investigated and the mechanism was revealed by integrating multiple omics. METHODS The rats with TBI were administrated with AGNH for 5 consecutive days and the effect was evaluated by using modified neurologic severity score (mNSS), brain edema, H&E staining, Nissl staining and TUNEL staining. The mechanism was revealed by using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and metabolomic analysis. The inflammatory factors, apoptosis-related proteins and identified vital targets were validated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS Administration of AGNH decreased mNSS, brain edema, brain structure damage, but increased Nissl body density in the rats with TBI. Additionally, AGNH reduced IL-1β, IL-17A, TNF-α, MMP9, MCP-1, IL-6, Bax and TUNEL staining,but elevated Bcl2 level. Integrating transcriptomic analysis and metabolomic analysis identified vital targets and critical metabolic pathways. Importantly, AGNH treatment reduced the expression of TLR4, MYD88, NLRP3, BTK, IL-18 and Caspase 1 as well as glycerophospholipid metabolism-related protein AGPAT2 and PLA2G2D, and decreased the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 in the brain of TBI rats. Additionally, AGNH increased phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), but decreased 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (LysoPC) in the metabolic pathway of glycerophospholipid metabolism. CONCLUSION Taken together, AGNH inhibited NF-κB/NLRP3 axis to suppress neuroinflammation, cell apoptosis and pyroptosis, and improved metabolic pathways of glycerophospholipid metabolism after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Liangliang Tian
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Guangzhao Cao
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Zhiru Yin
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Shicong Wang
- Fujian Pien Tze Huang Enterprise Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Research and Development, Zhangzhou, Fujian, 363000, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Fujian Pien Tze Huang Enterprise Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Research and Development, Zhangzhou, Fujian, 363000, China
| | - Hongjun Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
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Zhang X, Pei J, Xue L, Zhao Z, Xu R, Zhang C, Zhang C, Fu L, Zhang X, Cui L. An-Gong-Niu-Huang-Wan (AGNHW) regulates cerebral blood flow by improving hypoperfusion, cerebrovascular reactivity and microcirculation disturbances after stroke. Chin Med 2024; 19:73. [PMID: 38778375 PMCID: PMC11112936 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-024-00945-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The restoration of cerebrovascular regulation and improvement of cerebral blood flow in ischaemic regions are crucial for improving the clinical prognosis after stroke. An-Gong-Niu-Huang-Wan (AGNHW) is a famous traditional compound Chinese medicine that has been used for over 220 years to treat acute ischaemic stroke; however, its role in the regulation of cerebral blood flow is still unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the regulatory effect of AGNHW on cerebral blood flow and microcirculation after ischaemic stroke and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms involved. METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (dMCAO) and randomly assigned to the sham, MCAO, or AGNHW groups. AGNHW was administered intragastrically 1 h after dMCAO. The rotarod test was utilized to evaluate behavioural function; TTC was used to determine the infarct volume; and ischaemic injury was assessed by detecting brain levels of SOD, MDA and NO. Then, cortical perfusion and acetazolamide-induced cerebrovascular reactivity were assessed using laser speckle contrast imaging, and the velocity and flux of red blood cells in cortical capillaries were detected using two-photon laser scanning microscopy. In addition, we employed RNA-Seq to identify variations in gene expression profiles and assessed endothelium-dependent changes in microcirculatory dysfunction by measuring vasoactive mediator levels. RESULTS AGNHW significantly increased cerebral blood flow, reduced the infarct volume, and promoted functional recovery after cerebral ischaemia. AGNHW increased the velocity and flux of red blood cells in capillaries and improved cerebrovascular reactivity in the ischaemic cortex. Furthermore, AGNHW regulated endothelium-dependent microcirculation, as evidenced by decreases in the expression of endothelins (Edn1, Edn3 and Ednrb) and the ratios of brain and serum TXB2/6-keto-PGF1α and ET-1/CGRP. CONCLUSIONS AGNHW improved cerebral hypoperfusion, regulated cerebrovascular reactivity and attenuated microcirculatory dysfunction within the ischaemic cortex after stroke. This outstanding effect was achieved by modulating the expression of genes related to vascular endothelial cell function and regulating endothelium-dependent vasoactive mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Jiamin Pei
- School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Luping Xue
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Zhe Zhao
- School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Renhao Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Medical Service, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Lijie Fu
- Beijing Ruiweisi Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Xiangjian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China.
| | - Lili Cui
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China.
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Tian L, Cao G, Zhu X, Wang L, Hou J, Zhang Y, Xu H, Wang L, Wang S, Zhao C, Yang H, Zhang J. Transcriptomics and Metabolomics Unveil the Neuroprotection Mechanism of AnGong NiuHuang (AGNH) Pill Against Ischaemic Stroke Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04016-8. [PMID: 38401045 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04016-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
As a famous prescription in China, AnGong NiuHuang (AGNH) pill exerts good neuroprotection for ischaemic stroke (IS), but its mechanism is still unclear. In this study, the neuroprotection of AGNH was evaluated in the rat IS model which were established with the surgery of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), and the potential mechanism was elucidated by transcriptomic analysis and metabolomic analysis. AGNH treatment obviously decreased the infarct volume and Zea-Longa 5-point neurological deficit scores, improved the survival percentage of rats, regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), and rat activity distance and activity time. Transcriptomics showed that AGNH exerted its anti-inflammatory effects by affecting the regulatory network including Tyrobp, Syk, Tlr2, Myd88 and Ccl2 as the core. Integrating transcriptomics and metabolomics identified 8 key metabolites regulated by AGNH, including L-histidine, L-serine, L-alanine, fumaric acid, malic acid, and N-(L-arginino) succinate, 1-pyrroline-4-hydroxy-2-carboxylate and 1-methylhistamine in the rats with IS. Additionally, AGNH obviously reduced Tyrobp, Syk, Tlr2, Myd88 and Ccl2 at both the mRNA and protein levels, decreased IL-1β, KC-GRO, IL-13, TNF-α, cleaved caspase 3 and p65 nucleus translocation, but increased IκBα expression. Network pharmacology analysis showed that quercetin, beta-sitosterol, baicalein, naringenin, acacetin, berberine and palmatine may play an important role in protecting against IS. Taken together, this study reveals that AGNH reduced neuroinflammation and protected against IS by inhibiting Tyrobp/Syk and Tlr2/Myd88, as well as NF-κB signalling pathway and regulating multiple metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Tian
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Guangzhao Cao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Xiaotong Zhu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Lihan Wang
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Jingyi Hou
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - He Xu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Lixia Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Shicong Wang
- Fujian Pien Tze Huang Enterprise Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Research and Development, Zhangzhou, 363000, Fujian, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Fujian Pien Tze Huang Enterprise Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Research and Development, Zhangzhou, 363000, Fujian, China
| | - Hongjun Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, 102206, China.
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Li H, Yu W, Yang Y, Li S, Xu J, Gao C, Zhang W, Shi W, Jin K, Ji X, Ren C. Combination of Atractylenolide I, Atractylenolide III, and Paeoniflorin promotes angiogenesis and improves neurological recovery in a mouse model of ischemic Stroke. Chin Med 2024; 19:3. [PMID: 38178130 PMCID: PMC10768365 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00872-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prognosis is critically important in stroke cases, with angiogenesis playing a key role in determining outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the potential protective effects of Atractylenolide I (Atr I), Atractylenolide III (Atr III), and Paeoniflorin (Pae) in promoting angiogenesis following cerebral ischemia. METHODS The bEnd.3 cell line was used to evaluate the effects of these three compounds on vascular endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation. Male C57BL/6 mice underwent transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), followed by daily intragastric administration of the Chinese medicine compounds to assess their impact on brain protection and angiogenesis. In vivo experiments included measuring infarct size and assessing neurological function. Immunofluorescence staining and an angiogenesis antibody array were used to evaluate angiogenesis in ischemic brain tissue. Functional enrichment analysis was performed to further investigate the pathways involved in the protective effects of the compounds. Molecular docking analysis explored the potential binding affinity of the compounds to insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2), and Western blotting was used to measure levels of angiogenesis-related proteins. RESULTS In vitro, the combination of Atr I, Atr III, and Pae enhanced cell proliferation, promoted migration, and stimulated tube formation. In vivo, the combined treatment significantly facilitated neurological function recovery and angiogenesis by day 14. The treatment also increased levels of angiogenesis-related proteins, including IGF-2. Pearson correlation analysis revealed a strong positive association between IGF-2 levels in ischemic brain tissue and angiogenesis, suggesting a good affinity of the compounds for the IGF-2 binding site, as supported by molecular docking analysis. CONCLUSION The administration of Atr I, Atr III, and Pae has shown significant enhancements in long-term stroke recovery in mice, likely due to the promotion of angiogenesis via increased activation of the IGF-2 pathway in ischemic brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Translational Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorder, Capital Medical University, Chang Chun Road 45, Beijing, 100053, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chines Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Wantong Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Translational Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorder, Capital Medical University, Chang Chun Road 45, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Yong Yang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chines Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Sijie Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Translational Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorder, Capital Medical University, Chang Chun Road 45, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Translational Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorder, Capital Medical University, Chang Chun Road 45, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Chen Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Translational Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorder, Capital Medical University, Chang Chun Road 45, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Translational Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorder, Capital Medical University, Chang Chun Road 45, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Wenjie Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Translational Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorder, Capital Medical University, Chang Chun Road 45, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Kunlin Jin
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Health Science Center, University of North, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Xunming Ji
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Translational Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorder, Capital Medical University, Chang Chun Road 45, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Changhong Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Translational Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorder, Capital Medical University, Chang Chun Road 45, Beijing, 100053, China.
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Lin W, Zhao XY, Cheng JW, Li LT, Jiang Q, Zhang YX, Han F. Signaling pathways in brain ischemia: Mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 251:108541. [PMID: 37783348 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke occurs when the arteries supplying blood to the brain are narrowed or blocked, inducing damage to brain tissue due to a lack of blood supply. One effective way to reduce brain damage and alleviate symptoms is to reopen blocked blood vessels in a timely manner and reduce neuronal damage. To achieve this, researchers have focused on identifying key cellular signaling pathways that can be targeted with drugs. These pathways include oxidative/nitrosative stress, excitatory amino acids and their receptors, inflammatory signaling molecules, metabolic pathways, ion channels, and other molecular events involved in stroke pathology. However, evidence suggests that solely focusing on protecting neurons may not yield satisfactory clinical results. Instead, researchers should consider the multifactorial and complex mechanisms underlying stroke pathology, including the interactions between different components of the neurovascular unit. Such an approach is more representative of the actual pathological process observed in clinical settings. This review summarizes recent research on the multiple molecular mechanisms and drug targets in ischemic stroke, as well as recent advances in novel therapeutic strategies. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future prospects of new strategies based on the biological characteristics of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Lin
- Medical Basic Research Innovation Center for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, China; International Joint Laboratory for Drug Target of Critical Illnesses, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Zhao
- Medical Basic Research Innovation Center for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, China; International Joint Laboratory for Drug Target of Critical Illnesses, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jia-Wen Cheng
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Li-Tao Li
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei, China
| | - Quan Jiang
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Yi-Xuan Zhang
- Medical Basic Research Innovation Center for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, China; International Joint Laboratory for Drug Target of Critical Illnesses, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215002, China.
| | - Feng Han
- Medical Basic Research Innovation Center for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, China; International Joint Laboratory for Drug Target of Critical Illnesses, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215002, China; Institute of Brain Science, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
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Yang ZH, Liu YJ, Ban WK, Liu HB, Lv LJ, Zhang BY, Liu AL, Hou ZY, Lu J, Chen X, You YY. Pterostilbene alleviated cerebral ischemia/reperfusion-induced blood-brain barrier dysfunction via inhibiting early endothelial cytoskeleton reorganization and late basement membrane degradation. Food Funct 2023; 14:8291-8308. [PMID: 37602757 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02639f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Pterostilbene, an important analogue of the star molecule resveratrol and a novel compound naturally occurring in blueberries and grapes, exerts a significant neuroprotective effect on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), but its mechanism is still unclear. This study aimed to follow the molecular mechanisms behind the potential protective effect of pterostilbene against I/R induced injury. For fulfilment of our aim, we investigated the protective effects of pterostilbene on I/R injury caused by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in vivo and oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) in vitro. Machine learning models and molecular docking were used for target exploration and validated by western blotting. Pterostilbene significantly reduced the cerebral infarction volume, improved neurological deficits, increased cerebral microcirculation and improved blood-brain barrier (BBB) leakage. Machine learning models confirmed that the stroke target MMP-9 bound to pterostilbene, and molecular docking demonstrated the strong binding activity. We further found that pterostilbene could depolymerize stress fibers and maintain the cytoskeleton by effectively increasing the expression of the non-phosphorylated actin depolymerizing factor (ADF) in the early stage of I/R. In the late stage of I/R, pterostilbene could activate the Wnt pathway and inhibit the expression of MMP-9 to decrease the degradation of the extracellular basement membrane (BM) and increase the expression of junction proteins. In this study, we explored the protective mechanisms of pterostilbene in terms of both endothelial cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix. The early and late protective effects jointly maintain BBB stability and attenuate I/R injury, showing its potential to be a promising drug candidate for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hong Yang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Ye-Ju Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Wei-Kang Ban
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Hai-Bo Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Ling-Juan Lv
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Bao-Yue Zhang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ai-Lin Liu
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zi-Yu Hou
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Juan Lu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xi Chen
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yu-Yang You
- Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
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Li S, Hou J, Wang Q, Liu M, Xu X, Yang H, Li X. Angong niuhuang wan attenuates LPS-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting PIK3CG/p65/MMP9 signaling in mice based on proteomics. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20149. [PMID: 37810062 PMCID: PMC10559929 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a serious pulmonary complication that often arises from pneumonia, respiratory tract infections caused by bacteria or viruses, and other factors. It is characterized by acute onset and high mortality. Angong Niuhuang Wan (AGNHW) is a renowned emergency medicine in traditional Chinese medicine, known as the "cool open (febrile disease) three treasures" and regarded as the first of the "three treasures". Previously studies have confirmed that AGNHW has anti-inflammatory effects, improves cerebral circulation, reduces brain edema, and protects vascular endothelium. However, the active components and pharmacological mechanisms of AGNHW in treating ALI remain unclear. In this study, we confirmed that AGNHW can inhibit cytokine storm activity and reduce inflammation induced by LPS in ALI mice. We then analyzed differential proteins using proteomic technology and identified 741 differential proteins. By combining network pharmacological analysis, we deeply discussed the key active components and mechanism of AGNHW in treating ALI. By constructing the interaction network between disease and drug, we identified 21 key active components (such as Quercetin, Kaempferol, and Crocetin) and 25 potential core targets (such as PIK3CG, p65, and MMP9). These candidate targets play an important role in anti-inflammation and immune regulation. Through enrichment analysis of core targets, we found several pathways related to ALI, such as the NF-κB signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. This indicates that AGNHW plays a therapeutic role in ALI through multi-components, multi-targets, and multi-pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jinli Hou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Qing Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xingyue Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Hongjun Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xianyu Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
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Zhu Y, Ouyang Z, Du H, Wang M, Wang J, Sun H, Kong L, Xu Q, Ma H, Sun Y. New opportunities and challenges of natural products research: When target identification meets single-cell multiomics. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:4011-4039. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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