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Pan D, Guo Y, Fan Y, Wan H. Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine Using AI Machine Learning and Deep Learning Strategies. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2024; 52:605-623. [PMID: 38715181 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x24500265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used for thousands of years and has been proven to be effective at treating many complicated illnesses with minimal side effects. The application and advancement of TCM are, however, constrained by the absence of objective measuring standards due to its relatively abstract diagnostic methods and syndrome differentiation theories. Ongoing developments in machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL), specifically in computer vision (CV) and natural language processing (NLP), offer novel opportunities to modernize TCM by exploring the profound connotations of its theory. This review begins with an overview of the ML and DL methods employed in TCM; this is followed by practical instances of these applications. Furthermore, extensive discussions emphasize the mature integration of ML and DL in TCM, such as tongue diagnosis, pulse diagnosis, and syndrome differentiation treatment, highlighting their early successful application in the TCM field. Finally, this study validates the accomplishments and addresses the problems and challenges posed by the application and development of TCM powered by ML and DL. As ML and DL techniques continue to evolve, modern technology will spark new advances in TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danping Pan
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, P. R. China
| | - Yilei Guo
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, P. R. China
| | - Yongfu Fan
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, P. R. China
| | - Haitong Wan
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, P. R. China
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Ng JY, Cramer H, Lee MS, Moher D. Traditional, complementary, and integrative medicine and artificial intelligence: Novel opportunities in healthcare. Integr Med Res 2024; 13:101024. [PMID: 38384497 PMCID: PMC10879672 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2024.101024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The convergence of traditional, complementary, and integrative medicine (TCIM) with artificial intelligence (AI) is a promising frontier in healthcare. TCIM is a patient-centric approach that combines conventional medicine with complementary therapies, emphasizing holistic well-being. AI can revolutionize healthcare through data-driven decision-making and personalized treatment plans. This article explores how AI technologies can complement and enhance TCIM, aligning with the shared objectives of researchers from both fields in improving patient outcomes, enhancing care quality, and promoting holistic wellness. This integration of TCIM and AI introduces exciting opportunities but also noteworthy challenges. AI may augment TCIM by assisting in early disease detection, providing personalized treatment plans, predicting health trends, and enhancing patient engagement. Challenges at the intersection of AI and TCIM include data privacy and security, regulatory complexities, maintaining the human touch in patient-provider relationships, and mitigating bias in AI algorithms. Patients' trust, informed consent, and legal accountability are all essential considerations. Future directions in AI-enhanced TCIM include advanced personalized medicine, understanding the efficacy of herbal remedies, and studying patient-provider interactions. Research on bias mitigation, patient acceptance, and trust in AI-driven TCIM healthcare is crucial. In this article, we outlined that the merging of TCIM and AI holds great promise in enhancing healthcare delivery, personalizing treatment plans, preventive care, and patient engagement. Addressing challenges and fostering collaboration between AI experts, TCIM practitioners, and policymakers, however, is vital to harnessing the full potential of this integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Y. Ng
- Centre for Journalology, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- Institute of General Practice and Interprofessional Care, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Robert Bosch Center for Integrative Medicine and Health, Bosch Health Campus, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Holger Cramer
- Institute of General Practice and Interprofessional Care, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Robert Bosch Center for Integrative Medicine and Health, Bosch Health Campus, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Myeong Soo Lee
- KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - David Moher
- Centre for Journalology, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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Li W, Ge X, Liu S, Xu L, Zhai X, Yu L. Opportunities and challenges of traditional Chinese medicine doctors in the era of artificial intelligence. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 10:1336175. [PMID: 38274445 PMCID: PMC10808796 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1336175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
With the exponential advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) technology, the realm of medicine is experiencing a paradigm shift, engendering a multitude of prospects and trials for healthcare practitioners, encompassing those devoted to the practice of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). This study explores the evolving landscape for TCM practitioners in the AI era, emphasizing that while AI can be helpful, it cannot replace the role of TCM practitioners. It is paramount to underscore the intrinsic worth of human expertise, accentuating that artificial intelligence (AI) is merely an instrument. On the one hand, AI-enabled tools like intelligent symptom checkers, diagnostic assistance systems, and personalized treatment plans can augment TCM practitioners' expertise and capacity, improving diagnosis accuracy and treatment efficacy. AI-empowered collaborations between Western medicine and TCM can strengthen holistic care. On the other hand, AI may disrupt conventional TCM workflow and doctor-patient relationships. Maintaining the humanistic spirit of TCM while embracing AI requires upholding professional ethics and establishing appropriate regulations. To leverage AI while retaining the essence of TCM, practitioners need to hone holistic analytical skills and see AI as complementary. By highlighting promising applications and potential risks of AI in TCM, this study provides strategic insights for stakeholders to promote the integrated development of AI and TCM for better patient outcomes. With proper implementation, AI can become a valuable assistant for TCM practitioners to elevate healthcare quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Li
- School of Marxism, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolei Ge
- Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Xu
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Zhai
- Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Linyong Yu
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Zhang J, Ji C, Zhai X, Ren S, Tong H. Global trends and hotspots in research on acupuncture for stroke: a bibliometric and visualization analysis. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:359. [PMID: 37735698 PMCID: PMC10512511 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01253-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Acupuncture has been widely used in stroke and post-stroke rehabilitation (PSR), but there is no literature on the bibliometric analysis of acupuncture for stroke. This study aimed to characterize the global publications and analyze the trends of acupuncture for stroke in the past 40 years. We identified 1157 publications from the Web of Science Core Collection. The number of publications grew slowly in the first three decades from 1980 until it started to grow after 2010, with significant growth in 2011-2012 and 2019-2020. China, the USA, and South Korea are the top three countries in this field, and China has formed good internal cooperative relations. Early studies focused on the clinical efficacy of acupuncture for stroke. In the last five years, more emphasis has been placed on the effectiveness of acupuncture in treating sequelae and complications, combined with neuroimaging studies to explore the mechanisms of brain injury repair and neurological recovery. Acupuncture for stroke has a vast research potential, and researchers from different countries/regions and organizations still need to remove academic barriers to enhance communication and collaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Zhang
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Chenyang Ji
- Science and Technology College of Jiangxi, University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Xu Zhai
- Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100102, China.
| | - Shuo Ren
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250011, China.
| | - Hongxuan Tong
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
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Zhang X, Yang W, Shang J, Dan W, Shi L, Tong L, Yang G. The lower He-sea points playing a significant role in postoperative ileus in colorectal cancer treated with acupuncture: based on machine-learning. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1206196. [PMID: 37564931 PMCID: PMC10411531 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1206196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Postoperative ileus (POI) is a common complication following abdominal surgery, which can lead to significant negative impacts on patients' well-being and healthcare costs. However, the efficacy of current treatments is not satisfactory. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effects of acupuncture intervention and explore the regulation of acupoint selection for treating POI in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Methods We searched eight electronic databases to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on acupuncture for POI in CRC and conducted a meta-analysis. Subsequently, we utilized the Apriori algorithm and the Frequent pattern growth algorithm, in conjunction with complex network and cluster analysis, to identify association rules of acupoints. Results The meta-analysis showed that acupuncture led to significant reductions in time to first defecation (MD=-20.93, 95%CI: -25.35, -16.51; I2 = 93.0%; p < 0.01; n=2805), first flatus (MD=-15.08, 95%CI: -18.39, -11.76; I2 = 96%; p < 0.01; n=3284), and bowel sounds recovery (MD=-10.96, 95%CI: -14.20, -7.72; I2 = 94%; p < 0.01; n=2043). A subgroup analysis revealed that acupuncture not only reduced the duration of POI when administered alongside conventional care but also further expedited the recovery of gut function after colorectal surgery when integrated into the enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) pathway. The studies included in the analysis reported no instances of serious adverse events associated with acupuncture. We identified Zusanli (ST36), Shangjuxu (ST37), Neiguan (PC6), Sanyinjiao (SP6), Xiajuxu (ST39), Hegu (LI4), Tianshu (ST25), and Zhongwan (RN12) as primary acupoints for treating POI. Association rule mining suggested potential acupoint combinations including {ST37, ST39}≥{ST36}, {PC6, ST37}≥{ST36}, {SP6, ST37}≥{ST36}, and {ST25, ST37}≥{ST36}. Conclusion Meta-analysis indicates acupuncture's safety and superior effectiveness over postoperative care alone in facilitating gastrointestinal recovery. Machine-learning approaches highlight the importance of the lower He-sea points, including Zusanli (ST36) and Shangjuxu (ST37), in treating POI in CRC patients. Incorporating additional acupoints such as Neiguan (PC6) (for pain and vomiting) and Sanyinjiao (SP6) (for abdominal distension and poor appetite) can optimize treatment outcomes. These findings offer valuable insights for refining treatment protocols in both clinical and experimental settings, ultimately enhancing patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjing Yang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Junliang Shang
- Department of Surgery, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenchao Dan
- School of Graduates, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Shi
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Tong
- Department of Nutrition, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guowang Yang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Chang H, Huo M, Zhang Q, Zhou M, Zhang Y, Si Y, Zhang D, Guo Y, Fang Y. Flexible needle-type Microbiosensor for real-time monitoring traditional acupuncture-mediated adenosine release In vivo. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 235:115383. [PMID: 37207583 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Rapid adenosine (ADO) signaling, on the time frame of seconds, regulates physiological and pathological processes, including the therapeutic efficacy of acupuncture. Nevertheless, standard monitoring strategies are limited by poor temporal resolution. Herein, an implantable needle-type microsensor capable of monitoring ADO release in vivo in response to acupuncture in real time has been developed. Electrocatalytic Prussian Blue nanoparticles, an immobilized multienzyme system, and a permselective poly-o-phenylenediamine-based membrane were used for the sequential modification of the sensing region of the electrode. The resultant sensor can perform amperometric measurements of ADO levels in response to a very low level of applied potential (-0.05 V vs Ag/AgCl). This microsensor also functioned across a broad linear range (0-50 μM) and exhibited good sensitivity (1.1 nA/μM) with a rapid response time of under 5 s. Importantly, the sensor also exhibited good reproducibility and high selectivity. For in vivo animal studies, the microsensor was employed for the continuous assessment of instantaneous ADO release at the ST36 (Zusanli) acupoint when this acupoint was subjected to twirling-rotating acupuncture manipulation. Benefiting from superior sensor in vivo performance and stability, the positive correlation between the variability in acupuncture-induced ADO release and the stimulus intensity levels that affect the clinical benefit can be demonstrated for the first time. Overall, these results highlight a powerful approach to analyzing the in vivo physiological effects of acupuncture, expanding application realm of micro-nano sensor technology on a fast time scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongen Chang
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, College of Acumox and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Mingzhu Huo
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, College of Acumox and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Qingxiang Zhang
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, College of Acumox and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Mengmeng Zhou
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, College of Acumox and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Youlin Zhang
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, College of Acumox and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Yuxin Si
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, College of Acumox and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Di Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, PR China.
| | - Yi Guo
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, College of Acumox and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, PR China.
| | - Yuxin Fang
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, College of Acumox and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, PR China.
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Xu L, Gong H, Zhong Y, Wang F, Wang S, Lu L, Ding J, Zhao C, Tang W, Xu J. Real-time monitoring of manual acupuncture stimulation parameters based on domain adaptive 3D hand pose estimation. Biomed Signal Process Control 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2023.104681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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Chen J, Luo Z, Liu M, Wang F, Zhou R, Wang Y, Jia Y, Wang X, Leng X. Thunder-fire moxibustion for lumbar disc herniation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e32270. [PMID: 36626497 PMCID: PMC9750694 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) is a common degenerative disease that severely impacts the quality of life of patients. Thunder-fire moxibustion is an ancient Chinese medicine-based external therapeutic procedure that has been employed for pain relief until this day. The focus of our study was to demonstrate the effectiveness and safety of thunder-fire moxibustion in the treatment of LDH. METHODS The literature databases searched included the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Springer, PubMed, Wanfang digital periodicals database, China national knowledge infrastructure, VIP, and Chinese biomedical literature database, and the search period was from database creation to March 2022. These include randomized controlled trials of Thunder-Fire moxibustion alone or in combination with other therapies for LDH. Two evaluators independently extracted data. We accessed the quality of inclusive studies through a Cochrane risk of bias tool. Meta-analyses were performed using Review Manager (Version 5.5). Data was analyzed using fixed-effects or random-effects models, depending on the heterogeneity test results. RESULTS The meta-analysis included 17 studies involving 1344 patients with LDH. The analysis results were as follows: compared with other therapies, the efficacy of thunder-fire moxibustion was statistically significant; the total effective rate (RR = 1.20; 95%CI [1.15, 1.26]; P < .00001), the Japanese orthopaedic association score (MD = 4.42; 95%CI [4.10, 4.73]; P < .00001), the pain score (SMD = -2.66; 95% CI [-3.39, -1.94]; P < .00001). Only 2 reported no adverse events in the included literature, and the remaining had no relevant records. The quality of the evidence in the 17 papers we examined was low or very low. CONCLUSION Thunder-Fire moxibustion is effective in relieving discomfort in patients with LDH. It has significant clinical efficacy, but there is still a need for prospective, multicentre, large-sample randomized controlled trials to enhance the clinical evidence due to the quality of included studies and methodological limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianye Chen
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zongxiu Luo
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Mingda Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Fusheng Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ying Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yuyan Jia
- The Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xukai Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- * Correspondence: Xukai Wang and Xiangyang Leng, The Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China (e-mail: )
| | - Xiangyang Leng
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
- * Correspondence: Xukai Wang and Xiangyang Leng, The Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China (e-mail: )
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