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Zandl-Lang M. Tracing the lipidome in inborn errors of metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2024; 1869:159491. [PMID: 38565373 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2024.159491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) represent a heterogeneous group of more than 1800 rare disorders, many of which are causing significant childhood morbidity and mortality. More than 100 IEM are linked to dyslipidaemia, but yet our knowledge in connecting genetic information with lipidomic data is limited. Stable isotope tracing studies of the lipid metabolism (STL) provide insights on the dynamic of cellular lipid processes and could thereby facilitate the delineation of underlying metabolic (patho)mechanisms. This mini-review focuses on principles as well as technical limitations of STL and describes potential clinical applications by discussing recently published STL focusing on IEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Zandl-Lang
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of General Pediatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Donnarumma D, Arena A, Trovato E, Rigano F, Zoccali M, Mondello L. A miniaturized comprehensive approach for total lipidome analysis and vitamin D metabolite quantification in human serum. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023:10.1007/s00216-023-04756-x. [PMID: 37225899 PMCID: PMC10208917 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04756-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The balance between the different lipid molecules present in biological fluids accurately reflects the health state of the organism and can be used by medical personnel to finely tune therapy to a single patient, a process known as precision medicine. In this work, we developed a miniaturized workflow for the analysis of different lipid classes at the intact level, as well as their fatty acid constituents, starting from human serum. Fatty acids were identified by using flow-modulated comprehensive gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (FM-GC × GC-MS), and their relative amount as well as the ratio of specific FA classes was determined by using FM-GC × GC with a flame ionization detector. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry was used for the simultaneous quantification of vitamin D metabolites and assessment of different intact lipid classes. An MRM method was developed for the quantification of five vitamin D metabolites (vitamin D2, vitamin D3, 25-hydroxyvitamin D2, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, 24R,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), and validated in terms of LoD, LoQ, accuracy, and precision, also using a certified reference material. At the same time, a combination of SCAN, precursor ion scan, and neutral loss scan, in both positive and negative modes, was used for the identification of 81 intact lipid species, such as phospholipids, cholesteryl esters, and triacylglycerols, in less than 25 min. In order to easily monitor the lipid composition and speed up the identification process, a two-dimensional map of the lipidome was generated, by plotting the molecular weight of the identified molecules versus their retention time. Moreover, a relative quantification was performed within each lipid class identified. The combination of untargeted and targeted data could provide useful information about the pathophysiological condition of the organism and evaluate, in a tailored manner, an efficient action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Donnarumma
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Alessia Arena
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Emanuela Trovato
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesca Rigano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Mariosimone Zoccali
- Department of Mathematical and Computer Science, Physical Sciences and Earth Sciences, University of Messina, 98168, Messina, Italy.
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168, Messina, Italy
- Chromaleont S.R.L., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168, Messina, Italy
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Evaluation of Metabolic Defects in Fatty Acid Oxidation Using Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Loaded with Deuterium-Labeled Fatty Acids. DISEASE MARKERS 2019; 2019:2984747. [PMID: 30881520 PMCID: PMC6383405 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2984747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Because tandem mass spectrometry- (MS/MS-) based newborn screening identifies many suspicious cases of fatty acid oxidation and carnitine cycle disorders, a simple, noninvasive test is required to confirm the diagnosis. We have developed a novel method to evaluate the metabolic defects in peripheral blood mononuclear cells loaded with deuterium-labeled fatty acids directly using the ratios of acylcarnitines determined by flow injection MS/MS. We have identified diagnostic indices for the disorders as follows: decreased ratios of d27-C14-acylcarnitine/d31-C16-acylcarnitine and d23-C12-acylcarnitine/d31-C16-acylcarnitine for carnitine palmitoyltransferase-II (CPT-II) deficiency, decreased ratios of d23-C12-acylcarnitine/d27-C14-acylcarnitine for very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD) deficiency, and increased ratios of d29-C16-OH-acylcarnitine/d31-C16-acylcarnitine for trifunctional protein (TFP) deficiency, together with increased ratios of d7-C4-acylcarnitine/d31-C16-acylcarnitine for carnitine palmitoyltransferase-I deficiency. The decreased ratios of d1-acetylcarnitine/d31-C16-acylcarnitine could be indicative of β-oxidation ability in patients with CPT-II, VLCAD, and TFP deficiencies. Overall, our data showed that the present method was valuable for establishing a rapid diagnosis of fatty acid oxidation disorders and carnitine cycle disorders and for complementing gene analysis because our diagnostic indices may overcome the weaknesses of conventional enzyme activity measurements using fibroblasts or mononuclear cells with assumedly uncertain viability.
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Tong F, Jiang PP, Yang RL, Huang XL, Zhou XL, Hong F, Qian GL, Zhao ZY, Shu Q. [Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency: neonatal screening and follow-uP]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2019; 21:52-57. [PMID: 30675864 PMCID: PMC7390178 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the epidemiological characteristics, phenotype, genotype, and prognosis of medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCADD) in the Chinese population. METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of the neonates who underwent screening with high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry from January 2009 to June 2018 and were diagnosed with MCADD by gene detection. RESULTS A total of 2 674 835 neonates underwent neonatal screening, among whom 12 were diagnosed with MCADD. Gene detection was performed for 10 neonates with MCADD and found 13 mutation types at 16 mutation sites of the ACADM gene, among which there were 7 reported mutations (p.T150Rfs*4, p.M1V, p.R206C, p.R294T, p.G310R, p.M328V, and p.G362E), 5 novel mutations (p.N194D, p.A324P, p.N366S, c.118+3A>G, and c.387+1del G), and 1 exon 11 deletion; p.T150Rfs*4 was the most common mutation (4/16). The detection rate of mutation sites in the ACADM gene was 80%. No phenotype-genotype correlation was observed. Dietary guidance and symptomatic treatment were given after confirmed diagnosis. No acute metabolic imbalance was observed within 4-82 months of follow-up. All neonates had good prognosis except one who had brain dysplasia. CONCLUSIONS MCADD is relatively rare in southern China, and p.T150Rfs*4 is a common mutation in the Chinese population. Cases with positive screening results should be evaluated by octanoylcarnitine C8 value and gene detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Tong
- Department of Genetics and Metabolism, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China.
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Hesse J, Braun C, Behringer S, Matysiak U, Spiekerkoetter U, Tucci S. The diagnostic challenge in very-long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (VLCADD). J Inherit Metab Dis 2018; 41:1169-1178. [PMID: 30194637 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-018-0245-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (VLCADD) is the most common defect of mitochondrial β-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids. However, the unambiguous diagnosis of true VLCADD patients may be challenging, and a high rate of false positive individuals identified by newborn screening undergo confirmation diagnostics. In this study, we show the outcome of enzyme testing in lymphocytes as a confirmatory tool in newborns identified by screening, and the correlation with molecular sequencing of the ACADVL gene. From April 2013 to March 2017, in 403 individuals with characteristic acylcarnitine profiles indicative of VLCADD, palmitoyl-CoA oxidation was measured followed by molecular genetic analysis in most of the patients with residual activity (RA) <50%. In almost 50% of the samples (209/403) the RA was >50%, one-third of the individuals (125/403) displayed a RA of 30-50% and 69/403 individuals showed a residual activity of 0-30%. Sequencing of the ACADVL gene revealed that all individuals with activities below 24% were true VLCADD patients, individuals with residual activities between 24 and 27% carried either one or two mutations. Twenty new mutations could be identified and functionally classified based on their effect on enzyme function. Finally, we observed an up-regulation of MCAD-activity in many patients. However, this did not correlate with the degree of VLCAD RA. Although the likely clinical phenotype cannot be fully foreseen by genetic and functional tests as it depends on many factors, our data demonstrate the strength of this functional enzyme test in lymphocytes as a quick and reliable method for confirmation diagnostics of VLCADD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hesse
- Department of General Pediatrics, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Centre- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolism, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Mathildenstrasse 1, D-79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Carina Braun
- Department of General Pediatrics, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Centre- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolism, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Mathildenstrasse 1, D-79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sidney Behringer
- Department of General Pediatrics, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Centre- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolism, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Mathildenstrasse 1, D-79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Uta Matysiak
- Pediatric Genetics, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Centre- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ute Spiekerkoetter
- Department of General Pediatrics, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Centre- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sara Tucci
- Department of General Pediatrics, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Centre- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolism, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Mathildenstrasse 1, D-79106, Freiburg, Germany.
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