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Indelicato E, Boesch S, Havrankova P, Příhodová I, Winkelmann J, Jech R, Zech M. SOXopathies and dystonia: Consolidation of a recurrent association. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2024; 119:105960. [PMID: 38141365 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2023.105960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Indelicato
- Center for Rare Movement Disorders Innsbruck, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria; Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Munich, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Trogerstraße 32, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Sylvia Boesch
- Center for Rare Movement Disorders Innsbruck, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Petra Havrankova
- Department of Neurology, Charles University in Prague, 1st Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, Kateřinská 30, CZ-121 08, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Příhodová
- Department of Neurology, Charles University in Prague, 1st Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, Kateřinská 30, CZ-121 08, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Juliane Winkelmann
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Munich, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Trogerstraße 32, 81675, Munich, Germany; DZPG, Deutsches Zentrum für Psychische Gesundheit, Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Robert Jech
- Department of Neurology, Charles University in Prague, 1st Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, Kateřinská 30, CZ-121 08, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Michael Zech
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Munich, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Trogerstraße 32, 81675, Munich, Germany; Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 2 a, D-85748, Garching, Germany.
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Langford J, Vukadin L, Carey JC, Botto LD, Velinder M, Mao R, Miller CE, Filloux F, Ahn EYE. SON-Related Zhu-Tokita-Takenouchi-Kim Syndrome With Recurrent Hemiplegic Migraine: Putative Role of PRRT2. Neurol Genet 2023; 9:e200062. [PMID: 37057295 PMCID: PMC10091367 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000200062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives Zhu-Tokita-Takenouchi-Kim (ZTTK) syndrome (OMIM 617140) is a recently identified neurodevelopmental disorder caused by heterozygous loss-of-function (LoF) variants in SON. Because the SON protein functions as an RNA-splicing regulator, it has been shown that some clinical features of ZTTK syndrome can be attributed to abnormal RNA splicing. Several neurologic features have been observed in patients with ZTTK syndrome, including seizure/epilepsy and other EEG abnormalities. However, a relationship between SON LoF in ZTTK syndrome and hemiplegic migraine remains unknown. Methods We identified a patient with a pathogenic variant in SON who shows typical clinical features of ZTTK syndrome and experienced recurrent episodes of hemiplegic migraine. To define clinical features, brain MRI and EEG during and after episodes of hemiplegic migraine were characterized. To identify molecular mechanisms for this clinical presentation, we investigated the impact of small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated SON knockdown on mRNA expression of the CACNA1A, ATP1A2, SCN1A, and PRRT2 genes, known to be associated with hemiplegic migraine, by quantitative RT-PCR. Pre-mRNA splicing of PRRT2 on SON knockdown was further examined by RT-PCR using primers targeting specific exons. Results Recurrent episodes of hemiplegic migraine in our patient typically followed modest closed head injuries, and recurrent seizures occurred during the most severe of these episodes. Transient hemispheric cortical interstitial edema and asymmetric EEG slowing were identified during episodes. Our siRNA experiments revealed that SON knockdown significantly reduces PRRT2 mRNA levels in U87MG and SH-SY5Y cell lines, although a reduction in CACNA1A, ATP1A2, and SCN1A mRNA expression was not observed. We further identified that SON knockdown leads to failure in intron 2 removal from PRRT2 pre-mRNA, resulting in a premature termination codon that blocks the generation of functionally intact full-length PRRT2. Discussion This report identifies recurrent hemiplegic migraine as a novel clinical manifestation of ZTTK syndrome, further characterizes this clinical feature, and provides evidence for downregulation of PRRT2 caused by SON LoF as a mechanism causing hemiplegic migraine. Examination of the SON gene may be indicated in individuals with recurrent hemiplegic migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Langford
- University of Utah School of Medicine, University of Utah (J.L.), Salt Lake City, UT; Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology (L.V., E.-Y.E.A.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Division of Medical Genetics (L.D.B.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT; Utah Center for Genetic Discovery, Eccles Institute of Human Genetics (M.V.), University of Utah School of Medicine; Department of Pathology (R.M.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT; Division of Integrated Oncology and Genetics (R.M., C.E.M.), Molecular Genetics, ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, UT; Division of Pediatric Neurology (F.F.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT; and O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center (E.-Y.E.A.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Lana Vukadin
- University of Utah School of Medicine, University of Utah (J.L.), Salt Lake City, UT; Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology (L.V., E.-Y.E.A.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Division of Medical Genetics (L.D.B.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT; Utah Center for Genetic Discovery, Eccles Institute of Human Genetics (M.V.), University of Utah School of Medicine; Department of Pathology (R.M.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT; Division of Integrated Oncology and Genetics (R.M., C.E.M.), Molecular Genetics, ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, UT; Division of Pediatric Neurology (F.F.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT; and O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center (E.-Y.E.A.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - John C Carey
- University of Utah School of Medicine, University of Utah (J.L.), Salt Lake City, UT; Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology (L.V., E.-Y.E.A.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Division of Medical Genetics (L.D.B.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT; Utah Center for Genetic Discovery, Eccles Institute of Human Genetics (M.V.), University of Utah School of Medicine; Department of Pathology (R.M.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT; Division of Integrated Oncology and Genetics (R.M., C.E.M.), Molecular Genetics, ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, UT; Division of Pediatric Neurology (F.F.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT; and O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center (E.-Y.E.A.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Lorenzo D Botto
- University of Utah School of Medicine, University of Utah (J.L.), Salt Lake City, UT; Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology (L.V., E.-Y.E.A.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Division of Medical Genetics (L.D.B.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT; Utah Center for Genetic Discovery, Eccles Institute of Human Genetics (M.V.), University of Utah School of Medicine; Department of Pathology (R.M.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT; Division of Integrated Oncology and Genetics (R.M., C.E.M.), Molecular Genetics, ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, UT; Division of Pediatric Neurology (F.F.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT; and O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center (E.-Y.E.A.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Matt Velinder
- University of Utah School of Medicine, University of Utah (J.L.), Salt Lake City, UT; Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology (L.V., E.-Y.E.A.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Division of Medical Genetics (L.D.B.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT; Utah Center for Genetic Discovery, Eccles Institute of Human Genetics (M.V.), University of Utah School of Medicine; Department of Pathology (R.M.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT; Division of Integrated Oncology and Genetics (R.M., C.E.M.), Molecular Genetics, ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, UT; Division of Pediatric Neurology (F.F.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT; and O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center (E.-Y.E.A.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Rong Mao
- University of Utah School of Medicine, University of Utah (J.L.), Salt Lake City, UT; Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology (L.V., E.-Y.E.A.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Division of Medical Genetics (L.D.B.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT; Utah Center for Genetic Discovery, Eccles Institute of Human Genetics (M.V.), University of Utah School of Medicine; Department of Pathology (R.M.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT; Division of Integrated Oncology and Genetics (R.M., C.E.M.), Molecular Genetics, ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, UT; Division of Pediatric Neurology (F.F.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT; and O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center (E.-Y.E.A.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Christine E Miller
- University of Utah School of Medicine, University of Utah (J.L.), Salt Lake City, UT; Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology (L.V., E.-Y.E.A.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Division of Medical Genetics (L.D.B.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT; Utah Center for Genetic Discovery, Eccles Institute of Human Genetics (M.V.), University of Utah School of Medicine; Department of Pathology (R.M.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT; Division of Integrated Oncology and Genetics (R.M., C.E.M.), Molecular Genetics, ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, UT; Division of Pediatric Neurology (F.F.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT; and O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center (E.-Y.E.A.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Francis Filloux
- University of Utah School of Medicine, University of Utah (J.L.), Salt Lake City, UT; Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology (L.V., E.-Y.E.A.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Division of Medical Genetics (L.D.B.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT; Utah Center for Genetic Discovery, Eccles Institute of Human Genetics (M.V.), University of Utah School of Medicine; Department of Pathology (R.M.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT; Division of Integrated Oncology and Genetics (R.M., C.E.M.), Molecular Genetics, ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, UT; Division of Pediatric Neurology (F.F.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT; and O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center (E.-Y.E.A.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Eun-Young Erin Ahn
- University of Utah School of Medicine, University of Utah (J.L.), Salt Lake City, UT; Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology (L.V., E.-Y.E.A.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Division of Medical Genetics (L.D.B.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT; Utah Center for Genetic Discovery, Eccles Institute of Human Genetics (M.V.), University of Utah School of Medicine; Department of Pathology (R.M.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT; Division of Integrated Oncology and Genetics (R.M., C.E.M.), Molecular Genetics, ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, UT; Division of Pediatric Neurology (F.F.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT; and O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center (E.-Y.E.A.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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Narayanan RK, Panwar A, Butler TJ, Cutrupi AN, Kennerson M, Vucic S, Ashokkumar B, Mangelsdorf M, Wallace RH. Transgenic mice overexpressing mutant TDP-43 show aberrant splicing of neurological disorders-associated gene Zmynd11 prior to onset of motor symptoms. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2023; 2023:10.17912/micropub.biology.000777. [PMID: 37008727 PMCID: PMC10051033 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.000777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in TDP-43 are known to cause Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD). TDP-43 binds to and regulates splicing of several RNA including Zmynd11 . Zmynd11 is a transcriptional repressor and a potential E3 ubiquitin ligase family member, known for its role in neuron and muscle differentiation. Mutations in Zmynd11 have been associated with autism with significant developmental motor delays, intellectual disability, and ataxia. Here, we show that Zmynd11 is aberrantly spliced in the brain and spinal cord of transgenic mice overexpressing a mutant human TDP-43 (A315T), and that these changes occur before the onset of motor symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh K. Narayanan
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
- Correspondence to: Ramesh K. Narayanan (
)
| | - Ajay Panwar
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Tim J. Butler
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Anthony N. Cutrupi
- Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Marina Kennerson
- Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Steve Vucic
- Concord Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Marie Mangelsdorf
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Robyn H. Wallace
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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