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Jiang S, Sydney EJ, Runyan AM, Serpe R, Srikanth M, Figueroa HY, Yang M, Myeku N. 5-HT4 receptor agonists treatment reduces tau pathology and behavioral deficit in the PS19 mouse model of tauopathy. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1338502. [PMID: 38638303 PMCID: PMC11024353 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1338502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulation of tau in synapses in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been shown to cause synaptic damage, synaptic loss, and the spread of tau pathology through trans-synaptically connected neurons. Moreover, synaptic loss correlates with a decline in cognitive function, providing an opportunity to investigate therapeutic strategies to target synapses and synaptic tau to rescue or prevent cognitive decline in AD. One of the promising synaptic targets is the 5-HT4 serotonergic receptor present postsynaptically in the brain structures involved in the memory processes. 5-HT4R stimulation exerts synaptogenic and pro-cognitive effects involving synapse-to-nucleus signaling essential for synaptic plasticity. However, it is not known whether 5-HT4R activation has a therapeutic effect on tau pathology. Methods The goal of this study was to investigate the impact of chronic stimulation of 5-HT4R by two agonists, prucalopride and RS-67333, in PS19 mice, a model of tauopathy. We utilized gradient assays to isolate pre- and post-synaptic compartments, followed by biochemical analyses for tau species and ubiquitinated proteins in the synaptic compartments and total brain tissue. Next, we performed kinetic assays to test the proteasome's hydrolysis capacity in treatment conditions. Moreover, behavioral tests such as the open field and non-maternal nest-building tests were used to evaluate anxiety-like behaviors and hippocampal-related cognitive functioning in the treatment paradigm. Results Our results show that 5-HT4R agonism reduced tauopathy, reduced synaptic tau, increased proteasome activity, and improved cognitive functioning in PS19 mice. Our data suggest that enhanced proteasome activity by synaptic mediated signaling leads to the enhanced turnover of tau initially within synapses where the receptors are localized, and over time, the treatment attenuated the accumulation of tau aggregation and improved cognitive functioning of the PS19 mice. Conclusion Therefore, stimulation of 5-HT4R offers a promising therapy to rescue synapses from the accumulation of toxic synaptic tau, evident in the early stages of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jiang
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Eric J. Sydney
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Avery M. Runyan
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Rossana Serpe
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Malavika Srikanth
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Helen Y. Figueroa
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Mu Yang
- The Institute for Genomic Medicine and Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Natura Myeku
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
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Eremin DV, Kondaurova EM, Rodnyy AY, Molobekova CA, Kudlay DA, Naumenko VS. Serotonin Receptors as a Potential Target in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:2023-2042. [PMID: 38462447 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923120064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia worldwide that has an increasing impact on aging societies. Besides its critical role in the control of various physiological functions and behavior, brain serotonin (5-HT) system is involved in the regulation of migration, proliferation, differentiation, maturation, and programmed death of neurons. At the same time, a growing body of evidence indicates the involvement of 5-HT neurotransmission in the formation of insoluble aggregates of β-amyloid and tau protein, the main histopathological signs of AD. The review describes the role of various 5-HT receptors and intracellular signaling cascades induced by them in the pathological processes leading to the development of AD, first of all, in protein aggregation. Changes in the functioning of certain types of 5-HT receptors or associated intracellular signaling mediators prevent accumulation of β-amyloid plaques and tau protein neurofibrillary tangles. Based on the experimental data, it can be suggested that the use of 5-HT receptors as new drug targets will not only improve cognitive performance in AD, but will be also important in treating the causes of AD-related dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitrii V Eremin
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
| | - Elena M Kondaurova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Aleksander Ya Rodnyy
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Camilla A Molobekova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Dmitrii A Kudlay
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Vladimir S Naumenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
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Reyna NC, Clark BJ, Hamilton DA, Pentkowski NS. Anxiety and Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis: focus on 5-HT and CRF systems in 3xTg-AD and TgF344-AD animal models. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1251075. [PMID: 38076543 PMCID: PMC10699143 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1251075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Dementia remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in older adults. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia, affecting over 55 million people worldwide. AD is characterized by distinct neurobiological changes, including amyloid-beta protein deposits and tau neurofibrillary tangles, which cause cognitive decline and subsequent behavioral changes, such as distress, insomnia, depression, and anxiety. Recent literature suggests a strong connection between stress systems and AD progression. This presents a promising direction for future AD research. In this review, two systems involved in regulating stress and AD pathogenesis will be highlighted: serotonin (5-HT) and corticotropin releasing factor (CRF). Throughout the review, we summarize critical findings in the field while discussing common limitations with two animal models (3xTg-AD and TgF344-AD), novel pharmacotherapies, and potential early-intervention treatment options. We conclude by highlighting promising future pharmacotherapies and translational animal models of AD and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole C. Reyna
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
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Ismail H, Khalid D, Waseem D, Ijaz MU, Dilshad E, Haq IU, Bhatti MZ, Anwaar S, Ahmed M, Saleem S. Bioassays guided isolation of berberine from Berberis lycium and its neuroprotective role in aluminium chloride induced rat model of Alzheimer's disease combined with insilico molecular docking. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286349. [PMID: 37910530 PMCID: PMC10619822 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Berberis lycium is an indigenous plant of Pakistan that is known for its medicinal properties. In the current study, we investigated the anti-Alzheimer's effect of berberine isolated from Berberis lycium. METHODS Root extract of B. lycium was subjected to acetylcholinesterase inhibition assay and column chromatography for bioassays guided isolation of a compound. The neuroprotective and memory improving effects of isolated compound were evaluated by aluminium chloride induced Alzheimer's disease rat model, elevated plus maze (EPM) and Morris water maze (MWM) tests., Levels of dopamine and serotonin in rats brains were determined using HPLC. Moreover, western blot and docking were performed to determine interaction between berberine and β-secretase. RESULTS During fractionation, ethyl acetate and methanol (3:7) fraction was collected from solvent mixture of ethyl acetate and methanol. This fraction showed the highest anti-acetylcholinesterase activity and was alkaloid positive. The results of TLC and HPLC analysis indicated the presence of the isolated compound as berberine. Additionally, the confirmation of isolated compound as berberine was carried out using FTIR and NMR analysis. In vivo EPM and MWM tests showed improved memory patterns after berberine treatment in Alzheimer's disease model. The levels of dopamine, serotonin and activity of antioxidant enzymes were significantly (p<0.05) enhanced in brain tissue homogenates of berberine treated group. This was supported by decreased expression of β-secretase in berberine treated rat brain homogenates and good binding affinity of berberine with β-secretase in docking studies. Binding energies for interaction of β-secretase with berberine and drug Rivastigmine is -7.0 kcal/mol and -5.8 kcal/mol respectively representing the strong interactions. The results of docked complex of secretase with berberine and Rivastigmine was carried out using Gromacs which showed significant stability of complex in terms of RMSD and radius of gyration. Overall, the study presents berberine as a potential drug against Alzheimer's disease by providing evidence of its effects in improving memory, neurotransmitter levels and reducing β-secretase expression in the Alzheimer's disease model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hammad Ismail
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Dania Khalid
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Durdana Waseem
- Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umar Ijaz
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Erum Dilshad
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ihsan-ul Haq
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zeeshan Bhatti
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Sadaf Anwaar
- Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Madiha Ahmed
- Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Samreen Saleem
- Department of Nutrition and Lifestyle Medicine, Health Services Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Zheng JY, Kang T, Jiang C, Lin LK, Gao L, Jin LH, Shu Y, Zhang JJ, Li C, Chen B, Shen YH. Gut microbiome and brain transcriptome analyses reveal the effect of walnut oil in preventing scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment. Food Funct 2023; 14:9707-9724. [PMID: 37814808 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo01893h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Walnut Oil (WO) is recognized for its potential to improve cognition, but the mechanisms of its action related to improving cognitive impairment are not yet clear. In this study, the components of walnut oil were measured, and it was found that WO supplementation for 8 weeks could significantly prevent cognitive behavioral deficits and synaptic dysfunction induced by intraperitoneal injection of scopolamine (SCOP) in mice. By comparing and analyzing the changes in the hippocampal synaptic structure, oxidative stress, neurotransmitter fluctuations, brain transcriptome, inflammatory factors and gut microbiota in mice from different treatment groups, we observed a significant correlation between synaptic transmission genes, gut microbiota and neurotransmission in the WO supplemented group. It was found that WO supplementation could influence the secretion of neurotransmitters Ach and 5-HT by modulating the gut microbiota in vivo, thereby improving cognitive impairment through the central nervous system and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yi Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China.
| | - Ting Kang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China.
| | - Chao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China.
| | - Li Ke Lin
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China.
| | - Lu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China.
| | - Li Hua Jin
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China.
| | - Yu Shu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Jing Jing Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Cong Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China.
| | - Bang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China.
| | - Ye Hua Shen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China.
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Kalecký K, Bottiglieri T. Targeted metabolomic analysis in Parkinson's disease brain frontal cortex and putamen with relation to cognitive impairment. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2023; 9:84. [PMID: 37270646 PMCID: PMC10239505 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00531-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We performed liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analysis with the targeted metabolomic kit Biocrates MxP Quant 500, in human brain cortex (Brodmann area 9) and putamen, to reveal metabolic changes characteristic of Parkinson's disease (PD) and PD-related cognitive decline. This case-control study involved 101 subjects (33 PD without dementia, 32 PD with dementia (cortex only), 36 controls). We found changes associated with PD, cognitive status, levodopa levels, and disease progression. The affected pathways include neurotransmitters, bile acids, homocysteine metabolism, amino acids, TCA cycle, polyamines, β-alanine metabolism, fatty acids, acylcarnitines, ceramides, phosphatidylcholines, and several microbiome-derived metabolites. Previously reported levodopa-related homocysteine accumulation in cortex still best explains the dementia status in PD, which can be modified by dietary supplementation. Further investigation is needed to reveal the exact mechanisms behind this pathological change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Kalecký
- Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76712, USA.
- Center of Metabolomics, Institute of Metabolic Disease, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, 75204, USA.
| | - Teodoro Bottiglieri
- Center of Metabolomics, Institute of Metabolic Disease, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, 75204, USA
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7
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Nageeb Hasan SM, Clarke CL, McManamon Strand TP, Bambico FR. Putative pathological mechanisms of late-life depression and Alzheimer's Disease. Brain Res 2023:148423. [PMID: 37244602 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by progressive impairment in cognition and memory. AD is accompanied by several neuropsychiatric symptoms, with depression being the most prominent. Although depression has long been known to be associated with AD, controversial findings from preclinical and clinical studies have obscured the precise nature of this association. However recent evidence suggests that depression could be a prodrome or harbinger of AD. Evidence indicates that the major central serotonergic nucleus-the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN)-shows very early AD pathology: neurofibrillary tangles made of hyperphosphorylated tau protein and degenerated neurites. AD and depression share common pathophysiologies, including functional deficits of the serotonin (5-HT) system. 5-HT receptors have modulatory effects on the progression of AD pathology i.e., reduction in Aβ load, increased hyper-phosphorylation of tau, decreased oxidative stress etc. Moreover, preclinical models show a role for specific channelopathies that result in abnormal regional activational and neuroplasticity patterns. One of these concerns the pathological upregulation of the small conductance calcium-activated potassium (SK) channel in corticolimbic structure. This has also been observed in the DRN in both diseases. The SKC is a key regulator of cell excitability and long-term potentiation (LTP). SKC over-expression is positively correlated with aging and cognitive decline, and is evident in AD. Pharmacological blockade of SKCs has been reported to reverse symptoms of depression and AD. Thus, aberrant SKC functioning could be related to depression pathophysiology and diverts its late-life progression towards the development of AD. We summarize findings from preclinical and clinical studies suggesting a molecular linkage between depression and AD pathology. We also provide a rationale for considering SKCs as a novel pharmacological target for the treatment of AD-associated symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Nageeb Hasan
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador, Newfoundland and Labrador, A1B3Xs, Canada.
| | - Courtney Leigh Clarke
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador, Newfoundland and Labrador, A1B3Xs, Canada
| | | | - Francis Rodriguez Bambico
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador, Newfoundland and Labrador, A1B3Xs, Canada; Behavioural Neurobiology Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, M5T1R8, Canada
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8
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Jiang S, Sydney EJ, Runyan AM, Serpe R, Figueroa HY, Yang M, Myeku N. 5-HT4 receptor agonists treatment reduces tau pathology and behavioral deficit in the PS19 mouse model of tauopathy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.03.526871. [PMID: 36778352 PMCID: PMC9915615 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.03.526871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of tau in synapses in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has been shown to cause synaptic damage, synaptic loss, and the spread of pathology through synaptically connected neurons. Synaptic loss correlates with a decline in cognition, providing an opportunity to investigate strategies to target synaptic tau to rescue or prevent cognitive decline. One of the promising synaptic targets is the 5-HT4 receptor present post-synaptically in the brain areas involved in the memory processes. 5-HT4R activation exerts synaptogenic and pro-cognitive effects involving synapse-to-nucleus signaling essential for synaptic plasticity. However, it is not known whether 5-HT4R activation has a therapeutic effect on tauopathy. The goal of this study was to investigate the impact of stimulation of 5-HT4R in tauopathy mice. Our results show that 5-HT4R agonism led to reduced tauopathy and synaptic tau and correlated with increased proteasome activity and improved cognitive functioning in PS19 mice. Thus, stimulation of 5-HT4R offers a promising therapy to rescue synapses from toxic synaptic tau.
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Babić Leko M, Nikolac Perković M, Španić E, Švob Štrac D, Pleić N, Vogrinc Ž, Gunjača I, Bežovan D, Nedić Erjavec G, Klepac N, Borovečki F, Zemunik T, Pivac N, Hof PR, Šimić G. Serotonin Receptor Gene Polymorphisms Are Associated with Cerebrospinal Fluid, Genetic, and Neuropsychological Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:3118. [PMID: 36551873 PMCID: PMC9775360 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A decrease in serotonergic transmission throughout the brain is among the earliest pathological changes in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Serotonergic receptors are also affected in AD. Polymorphisms in genes of serotonin (5HT) receptors have been mostly associated with behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). In this study, we examined if AD patients carrying different genotypes in 5HTR1B rs13212041, 5HTR2A rs6313 (T102C), 5HTR2C rs3813929 (-759C/T), and 5HTR6 rs1805054 (C267T) polymorphisms have a higher risk of faster disease progression (assessed by neuropsychological testing), are more prone to develop AD-related pathology (reflected by levels of cerebrospinal fluid [CSF] AD biomarkers), or have an association with an apolipoprotein E (APOE) haplotype. This study included 115 patients with AD, 53 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 2701 healthy controls. AD biomarkers were determined in the CSF of AD and MCI patients using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), while polymorphisms were determined using either TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assays or Illumina genotyping platforms. We detected a significant decrease in the CSF amyloid β1-42 (Aβ1-42) and an increase in p-tau181/Aβ1-42 ratio in carriers of the T allele in the 5HTR2C rs3813929 (-759C/T) polymorphism. A significantly higher number of APOE ε4 allele carriers was observed among individuals carrying a TT genotype within the 5HTR2A T102C polymorphism, a C allele within the 5HTR1B rs13212041 polymorphism, and a T allele within the 5HTR6 rs1805054 (C267T) polymorphism. Additionally, individuals carrying the C allele within the 5HTR1B rs13212041 polymorphism were significantly more represented among AD patients and had poorer performances on the Rey-Osterrieth test. Carriers of the T allele within the 5HTR6 rs1805054 had poorer performances on the MMSE and ADAS-Cog. As all four analyzed polymorphisms of serotonin receptor genes showed an association with either genetic, CSF, or neuropsychological biomarkers of AD, they deserve further investigation as potential early genetic biomarkers of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana Babić Leko
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb Medical School, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | | | - Ena Španić
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb Medical School, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dubravka Švob Štrac
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute Ruđer Bošković, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nikolina Pleić
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Željka Vogrinc
- Laboratory for Neurobiochemistry, Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Gunjača
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | | | | | - Nataša Klepac
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Fran Borovečki
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tatijana Zemunik
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Nela Pivac
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute Ruđer Bošković, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Patrick R. Hof
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Goran Šimić
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb Medical School, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Sun S, Mao J, Wang Y. The Role of Gut Microbiota in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2022.3202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
As a degenerative disease of the central nervous system, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is featured by mental and behavioral dysfunction, and progressive memory loss, which is the most common type of dementia. The incidence of AD is increasing as life expectancy is prolonged, but the
pathogenesis of AD remains largely unknown. Recently, the role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of AD has drawn increasing attention. The composition of gut microbiota varies across age groups, and the changes in the microbiota metabolites may influence the central nervous system via
the brain-gut axis. So far, it has been confirmed that gut bacteria are involved in various pathogenic mechanisms of AD, including amyloid β-protein deposition, Tau protein hyperphosphorylation, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress injury, increased blood-brain barrier permeability,
neurotransmitter imbalance, reduced generation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and insulin resistance. An important direction of research is to investigate the regulation of gut microbiota for the prevention and treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqiang Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116000, China
| | - Jingwei Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116000, China
| | - Yingde Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116000, China
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Decourt B, Noorda K, Noorda K, Shi J, Sabbagh MN. Review of Advanced Drug Trials Focusing on the Reduction of Brain Beta-Amyloid to Prevent and Treat Dementia. J Exp Pharmacol 2022; 14:331-352. [PMID: 36339394 PMCID: PMC9632331 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s265626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease and typically affects patients older than age 65. Around this age, the number of neurons begins to gradually decrease in healthy brains, but brains of patients with AD show a marked increase in neuron death, often resulting in a significant loss of cognitive abilities. Cognitive skills affected include information retention, recognition capabilities, and language skills. At present, AD can be definitively diagnosed only through postmortem brain biopsies via the detection of extracellular amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and intracellular hyperphosphorylated tau neurofibrillary tangles. Because the levels of both Aβ plaques and tau tangles are increased, these 2 proteins are thought to be related to disease progression. Although relatively little is known about the cause of AD and its exact pathobiological development, many forms of treatment have been investigated to determine an effective method for managing AD symptoms by targeting Aβ. These treatments include but are not limited to using small molecules to alter the interactions of Aβ monomers, reducing hyperactivation of neuronal circuits altering Aβ's molecular pathway of synthesis, improving degradation of Aβ, employing passive immunity approaches, and stimulating patients' active immunity to target Aβ. This review summarizes the current therapeutic interventions in Phase II/III of clinical development or higher that are capable of reducing abnormal brain Aβ levels to determine which treatments show the greatest likelihood of clinical efficacy. We conclude that, in the near future, the most promising therapeutic interventions for brain Aβ pathology will likely be passive immunotherapies, with aducanumab and donanemab leading the way, and that these drugs may be combined with antidepressants and acetylcholine esterase inhibitors, which can modulate Aβ synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Decourt
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | | | | | - Jiong Shi
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Marwan N Sabbagh
- Alzheimer’s and Memory Disorders Division, Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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12
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Elsworthy RJ, Dunleavy C, Whitham M, Aldred S. Exercise for the prevention of Alzheimer's disease: Multiple pathways to promote non-amyloidogenic AβPP processing. AGING AND HEALTH RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ahr.2022.100093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
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13
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The effect of citalopram treatment on amyloid-β precursor protein processing and oxidative stress in human hNSC-derived neurons. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:285. [PMID: 35851379 PMCID: PMC9293911 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02050-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) may hold therapeutic benefits for people with Alzheimer's disease (AD). SSRIs may perturb AD progression, or the conversion from MCI to AD, via increased neurogenesis, reduced oxidative stress and/or favourable Amyloid-β Precursor Protein (AβPP) processing. This study used iPSC derived cortical neuronal cells carrying 3 different PSEN1 mutations, to investigate the effect of treatment with the SSRI, Citalopram on AβPP processing and oxidative stress. Control and PSEN1 mutation (L286V, A246E, M146L) iPSC-derived neurons were treated with Citalopram for 45 days. ADAM10 activity, AβPP processing and Aβ generation was measured in addition to cellular redox status. Citalopram treatment reduced the Aβ1-42:40 ratio in control but not in fAD PSEN1 cells. ADAM10 activity was increased with Citalopram treatments in fAD PSEN1 cell lines, which was also seen for sAβPPα secretion. Lower superoxide generation in fAD PSEN1 cells following Citalopram treatment was identified, although there was no effect on end markers of oxidative stress. Treatment with Citalopram appears to have little effect on Aβ generation in fADPSEN1 cells, but our findings suggest that treatment can significantly increase non-amyloidogenic AβPP processing and reduce oxidative stress. These changes may explain why SSRIs appear most effective in the prodromal period of the disease progression, as opposed to reducing established AD pathology. Further investigation of specific pathways conferring the beneficial effects of SSRIs treatment are warranted.
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Oh H. Extraversion Is Associated With Lower Brain Beta-Amyloid Deposition in Cognitively Normal Older Adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:900581. [PMID: 35912077 PMCID: PMC9325961 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.900581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that some personality traits may link to the vulnerability to or protection for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). A causal mechanism underlying this relationship, however, remains largely unknown. Using 18F-Florbetaben positron emission tomography (PET) binding to beta-amyloid (Aβ) plaques, a pathological feature of AD, and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we investigated pathological and functional correlates of extraversion and neuroticism in a group of healthy young and older subjects. We quantified the level of brain Aβ deposition in older individuals. Brain activity was measured in young adults using a task-switching fMRI paradigm. When we correlated personality scores of extraversion and neuroticism with these pathological and functional measures, higher extraversion, but not neuroticism, was significantly associated with lower global Aβ measures among older adults, accounting for age and sex. This association was present across widespread brain regions. Among young subjects, higher extraversion was associated with lower activity during task switching in the anterior cingulate cortex, left anterior insular cortex, left putamen, and middle frontal gyrus bilaterally, while higher neuroticism was associated with increased activity throughout the brain. The present results suggest that possibly via efficient neuronal activity, extraversion, one of the lifelong personality traits, may confer the protective mechanism against the development of Aβ pathology during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwamee Oh
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic, and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Memory and Aging Program, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
- Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Hwamee Oh
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15
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Wu L, Jiang W, Zhao N, Wang F. Heparan sulfate from porcine mucosa promotes amyloid-beta clearance in APP/PS1 mice and alleviates Alzheimer's pathology. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 285:119205. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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16
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Zong B, Yu F, Zhang X, Zhao W, Sun P, Li S, Li L. Understanding How Physical Exercise Improves Alzheimer’s Disease: Cholinergic and Monoaminergic Systems. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:869507. [PMID: 35663578 PMCID: PMC9158463 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.869507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by the accumulation of proteinaceous aggregates and neurofibrillary lesions composed of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide and hyperphosphorylated microtubule-associated protein tau, respectively. It has long been known that dysregulation of cholinergic and monoaminergic (i.e., dopaminergic, serotoninergic, and noradrenergic) systems is involved in the pathogenesis of AD. Abnormalities in neuronal activity, neurotransmitter signaling input, and receptor function exaggerate Aβ deposition and tau hyperphosphorylation. Maintenance of normal neurotransmission is essential to halt AD progression. Most neurotransmitters and neurotransmitter-related drugs modulate the pathology of AD and improve cognitive function through G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Exercise therapies provide an important alternative or adjunctive intervention for AD. Cumulative evidence indicates that exercise can prevent multiple pathological features found in AD and improve cognitive function through delaying the degeneration of cholinergic and monoaminergic neurons; increasing levels of acetylcholine, norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine; and modulating the activity of certain neurotransmitter-related GPCRs. Emerging insights into the mechanistic links among exercise, the neurotransmitter system, and AD highlight the potential of this intervention as a therapeutic approach for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyi Zong
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengzhi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyou Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenrui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shichang Li
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Lin Li,
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17
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Sivasaravanaparan M, Olesen LØ, Severino M, von Linstow MCU, Lambertsen KL, Gramsbergen JB, Hasselstrøm J, Metaxas A, Wiborg O, Finsen B. Efficacy of Chronic Paroxetine Treatment in Mitigating Amyloid Pathology and Microgliosis in APPSWE/PS1ΔE9 Transgenic Mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 87:685-699. [PMID: 35342093 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Modulation of serotonergic signaling by treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) has been suggested to mitigate amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology in Alzheimer's disease, in addition to exerting an anti-depressant action. OBJECTIVE To investigate the efficacy of chronic treatment with the SSRI paroxetine, in mitigating Aβ pathology and Aβ plaque-induced microgliosis in the hippocampus of 18-month-old APPswe/PS1 ΔE9 mice. METHODS Plaque-bearing APPswe/PS1 ΔE9 and wildtype mice were treated with paroxetine per os at a dose of 5 mg/kg/day, from 9 to 18 months of age. The per os treatment was monitored by recording of the body weights and serum paroxetine concentrations, and by assessment of the serotonin transporter occupancy by [3H]DASB-binding in wildtype mice. Additionally, 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine was administered to 9-month-old APPswe/PS1 ΔE9 mice, to examine the effect of serotonin depletion on Aβ pathology. Aβ pathology was evaluated by Aβ plaque load estimation and the Aβ 42/Aβ 40 ratio by ELISA. RESULTS Paroxetine treatment led to > 80% serotonin transporter occupancy. The treatment increased the body weight of wildtype mice, but not of APPswe/PS1 ΔE9 mice. The treatment had no effect on the Aβ plaque load (p = 0.39), the number and size of plaques, or the Aβ plaque-induced increases in microglial numbers in the dentate gyrus. Three months of serotonin depletion did not significantly impact the Aβ plaque load or Aβ 42/Aβ 40 ratio in APPswe/PS1 ΔE9 mice at 12 months. CONCLUSION Our results show that chronic treatment with the SSRI paroxetine does not mitigate Aβ pathology and Aβ plaque-induced microgliosis in the hippocampus of APPswe/PS1 ΔE9 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithula Sivasaravanaparan
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | | | - Maurizio Severino
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | | | - Kate Lykke Lambertsen
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark.,Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, BRIDGE-Brain Research-Inter-Disciplinary Guided Excellence, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Jan Bert Gramsbergen
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | | | - Athanasios Metaxas
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark.,Department of Life Sciences, School of Science, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Ove Wiborg
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark.,Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Denmark
| | - Bente Finsen
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, BRIDGE-Brain Research-Inter-Disciplinary Guided Excellence, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
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18
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Yang J, Zhou J, Zhou J, Wang H, Sun Z, Zhu X, He Y, Wong AHC, Liu F, Wang G. Serum amyloid P component level is associated with clinical response to escitalopram treatment in patients with major depressive disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 146:172-178. [PMID: 34995992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Serum amyloid P component (SAP) is a universal constituent of human amyloid deposits, which has been implicated in Alzheimer's disease and major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the relationship between SAP level and depression severity remains obscure. The aims of this study were to investigate how SAP is involved in depression and to explore the association between SAP level and antidepressant treatment response. Patients with MDD (n = 85) who received escitalopram monotherapy for 8-12 weeks were selected from a multicenter open-label randomized clinical trial. The same number of healthy controls was recruited. Depression severity was measured according to the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17) at baseline and weeks 4, 8, and 12. The plasma levels of SAP were measured at baseline, week 2 and week 12. As a result, baseline levels of SAP were significantly higher in depressed patients than in control subjects (p < 0.001). SAP levels at baseline were negatively associated with depression severity after escitalopram treatment (p < 0.05), and the changes in SAP levels from baseline to week 12 were highly correlated with the severity of depressive symptoms based on the HAMD-17 score (p < 0.05). Interestingly, treatment with escitalopram significantly decreased the plasma levels of SAP in females, but not in males. Altogether, our results suggest that SAP not only involved in the pathobiology of depression but also mediates the action of antidepressant medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Zhou
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Zhou
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haixia Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zuoli Sun
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuequan Zhu
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi He
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Albert H C Wong
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fang Liu
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, Beijing, China; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Gang Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, Beijing, China.
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19
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von Linstow CU, Waider J, Bergh MSS, Anzalone M, Madsen C, Nicolau AB, Wirenfeldt M, Lesch KP, Finsen B. The Combined Effects of Amyloidosis and Serotonin Deficiency by Tryptophan Hydroxylase-2 Knockout Impacts Viability of the APP/PS1 Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 85:1283-1300. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-210581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background: A decline of brain serotonin (5-HT) is held responsible for the changes in mood that can be observed in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, 5-HT’ergic signaling is also suggested to reduce the production of pathogenic amyloid-4β (Aβ). Objective: To investigate the effect of targeted inactivation of tryptophan hydroxylase-2 (Tph2), which is essential for neuronal 5-HT synthesis, on amyloidosis in amyloid precursor protein (APP)swe/presenilin 1 (PS1) ΔE9 transgenic mice. Methods: Triple-transgenic (3xTg) APP/PS1 mice with partial (+/-) or complete Tph2 knockout (–/–) were allowed to survive until 6 months old with APP/PS1, Tph2–/–, and wildtype mice. Survival and weight were recorded. Levels of Aβ 42/40/38, soluble APPα (sAβPPα) and sAβPPβ, and cytokines were analyzed by mesoscale, neurotransmitters by mass spectrometry, and gene expression by quantitative PCR. Tph2, microglia, and Aβ were visualized histologically. Results: Tph2 inactivation in APP/PS1 mice significantly reduced viability, without impacting soluble and insoluble Aβ 42 and Aβ 40 in neocortex and hippocampus, and with only mild changes of soluble Aβ 42/Aβ 40. However, sAβPPα and sAβPPβ in hippocampus and Aβ 38 and Aβ 40 in cerebrospinal fluid were reduced. 3xTg–/–mice were devoid of Tph2 immunopositive fibers and 5-HT. Cytokines were unaffected by genotype, as were neocortical TNF, HTR2a and HTR2b mRNA levels in Tph2–/– mice. Microglia clustered around Aβ plaques regardless of genotype. Conclusion: The results suggest that Tph2 inactivation influences AβPP processing, at least in the hippocampus, although levels of Aβ are unchanged. The reduced viability of 3xTg–/–mice could indicate that 5-HT protects against the seizures that can impact the viability of APP/PS1 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ulrich von Linstow
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Jonas Waider
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Wuerzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marianne Skov-Skov Bergh
- Section for Drug Abuse Research, Department of Forensic Sciences, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marco Anzalone
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
- BRIDGE - Brain Research-Inter-Disciplinary Guided Excellence, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Cecilie Madsen
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
- BRIDGE - Brain Research-Inter-Disciplinary Guided Excellence, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Aina Battle Nicolau
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Martin Wirenfeldt
- BRIDGE - Brain Research-Inter-Disciplinary Guided Excellence, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Clinical Science, Odense University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Klaus-Peter Lesch
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Wuerzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychiatry, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bente Finsen
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
- BRIDGE - Brain Research-Inter-Disciplinary Guided Excellence, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
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20
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Hashemi-Firouzi N, Shahidi S, Soleimani Asl S. Chronic stimulation of the serotonergic 5-HT4 receptor modulates amyloid-beta-related impairments in synaptic plasticity and memory deficits in male rats. Brain Res 2021; 1773:147701. [PMID: 34695393 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by memory decline and impaired hippocampal synaptic plasticity. The serotonin 5-HT4 receptor is involved in learning and memory processes. This study explored the effects of chronic stimulation of 5-HT4R on cognition, memory, long-term potentiation (LTP), paired-pulse ratio (PPR), and neuronal apoptosis in a rat model of amyloid-beta (Aβ)-induced AD. Thirty-five male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups as follows: the sham, Aβ, and Aβ + BIMU8 groups. Aβ (6 µg/µl) was administrated by intracerebroventricular (icv) injection. The animals were treated with BIMU8 (1 μg/μL, ICV) as a 5-HT4R agonist for 30 days. Memory and behavioral changes were assessed by the passive avoidance learning, novel object recognition, open field, and elevated plus maze tests. Hippocampal synaptic plasticity was evaluated in the dentate gyrus (DG) in response to the stimulation applied to the perforant pathway. Furthermore, neuronal apoptosis was measured in the hippocampus. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 19 using one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey's post hoc test. Aβ induced memory deficits and neuronal loss and inhibited LTP induction. Aβ also increased the normalized PPR. BIMU8 enhanced the slope of the field excitatory postsynaptic potential in LTP and improved cognition behavior. Paired-pulse inhibition or facilitation was not affected by LTP induction in Aβ animals receiving the BIMU8. It can be concluded that the stimulation of the 5-HT4 receptor modulated the Aβ-induced cognition and memory deficits, probably via a decrease in the hippocampal apoptotic neurons and an improvement in the hippocampal synaptic functions without involving its inhibitory interneurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Hashemi-Firouzi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Siamak Shahidi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Sara Soleimani Asl
- Anatomy Department, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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21
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Abstract
Astrocytes are an abundant subgroup of cells in the central nervous system (CNS) that play a critical role in controlling neuronal circuits involved in emotion, learning, and memory. In clinical cases, multiple chronic brain diseases may cause psychosocial and cognitive impairment, such as depression and Alzheimer's disease (AD). For years, complex pathological conditions driven by depression and AD have been widely perceived to contribute to a high risk of disability, resulting in gradual loss of self-care ability, lower life qualities, and vast burden on human society. Interestingly, correlational research on depression and AD has shown that depression might be a prodrome of progressive degenerative neurological disease. As a kind of multifunctional glial cell in the CNS, astrocytes maintain physiological function via supporting neuronal cells, modulating pathologic niche, and regulating energy metabolism. Mounting evidence has shown that astrocytic dysfunction is involved in the progression of depression and AD. We herein review the current findings on the roles and mechanisms of astrocytes in the development of depression and AD, with an implication of potential therapeutic avenue for these diseases by targeting astrocytes.
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22
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Trait anxiety, a personality risk factor associated with Alzheimer's Disease. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 105:110124. [PMID: 33035604 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease in elderly population and the leading cause of dementia worldwide. While senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles have been proposed as the principal histopathologic hallmarks of AD, the exact etiology of this disease is still far from being clearly understood. AD has been recognized as pathological consequences of complex interactions among genetic, aging, medical, life style and psychosocial factors. Recently, the roles of neuroticism personality traits in AD incidence and progression have come into focus. More specifically, increasing evidence has further shown that the trait anxiety, one major component of neuroticism predicting the individual vulnerability in response to stress, is a risk factor for AD and may correlated with various AD pathologies. In this review, we summarized recent literature on the association of trait anxiety with AD. We also discussed the possible neuroendocrinological and neurochemical mechanisms of this association, which may provide clinical implications for AD diagnosis and therapy.
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Babić Leko M, Hof PR, Šimić G. Alterations and interactions of subcortical modulatory systems in Alzheimer's disease. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2021; 261:379-421. [PMID: 33785136 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2020.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is not fully understood. Here we summarize current knowledge on the involvement of the serotonergic, noradrenergic, dopaminergic, cholinergic, and opioid systems in AD, emphasizing the importance of interactions between the serotonergic and the other subcortical modulatory systems during the progression of AD. In physiological conditions, all neurotransmitter systems function in concert and are interdependent at both the neuroanatomical and molecular levels. Through their early involvement in AD, cognitive and behavioral abilities that rely on their interactions also become disrupted. Considering that serotonin (5HT) regulates the release of noradrenaline (NA), dopamine (DA) and acetylcholine (ACh), any alteration in 5HT levels leads to disturbance of NA, DA, and ACh homeostasis in the brain. One of the earliest pathological changes during the prodromal phase of AD is a decrease of serotonergic transmission throughout the brain, with serotonergic receptors being also affected. Additionally, serotonergic and noradrenergic as well as serotonergic and dopaminergic nuclei are reciprocally interconnected. As the serotonergic dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) is affected by pathological changes early in AD, and the noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC) and dopaminergic ventral tegmental area (VTA) exhibit AD-related pathological changes, their connectivity also becomes altered in AD. Such disrupted interactions among neurotransmitter systems in AD can be used in the development of multi-target drugs. Some of the potential AD therapeutics (such as ASS234, RS67333, tropisetron) target multiple neurotransmitter systems to achieve the best possible improvement of cognitive and behavioral deficits observed in AD. Here, we review how serotonergic system interacts with other subcortical modulatory systems (noradrenergic, dopaminergic, cholinergic, and opioid systems) during AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana Babić Leko
- Department for Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Patrick R Hof
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, and Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Goran Šimić
- Department for Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Yuede CM, Wallace CE, Davis TA, Gardiner WD, Hettinger JC, Edwards HM, Hendrix RD, Doherty BM, Yuede KM, Burstein ES, Cirrito JR. Pimavanserin, a 5HT 2A receptor inverse agonist, rapidly suppresses Aβ production and related pathology in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. J Neurochem 2021; 156:658-673. [PMID: 33278025 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide aggregation into soluble oligomers and insoluble plaques is a precipitating event in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Given that synaptic activity can regulate Aβ generation, we postulated that 5HT2A -Rs may regulate Aβ as well. We treated APP/PS1 transgenic mice with the selective 5HT2A inverse agonists M100907 or Pimavanserin systemically and measured brain interstitial fluid (ISF) Aβ levels in real-time using in vivo microdialysis. Both compounds reduced ISF Aβ levels by almost 50% within hours, but had no effect on Aβ levels in 5HT2A -R knock-out mice. The Aβ-lowering effects of Pimavanserin were blocked by extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK) and NMDA receptor inhibitors. Chronic administration of Pimavanserin by subcutaneous osmotic pump to aged APP/PS1 mice significantly reduced CSF Aβ levels and Aβ pathology and improved cognitive function in these mice. Pimavanserin is FDA-approved to treat Parkinson's disease psychosis, and also has been shown to reduce psychosis in a variety of other dementia subtypes including Alzheimer's disease. These data demonstrate that Pimavanserin may have disease-modifying benefits in addition to its efficacy against neuropsychiatric symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. Read the Editorial Highlight for this article on page 560.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla M Yuede
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Clare E Wallace
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Todd A Davis
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Woodrow D Gardiner
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jane C Hettinger
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hannah M Edwards
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rachel D Hendrix
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Brookelyn M Doherty
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kayla M Yuede
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - John R Cirrito
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Whiley L, Chappell KE, D'Hondt E, Lewis MR, Jiménez B, Snowden SG, Soininen H, Kłoszewska I, Mecocci P, Tsolaki M, Vellas B, Swann JR, Hye A, Lovestone S, Legido-Quigley C, Holmes E. Metabolic phenotyping reveals a reduction in the bioavailability of serotonin and kynurenine pathway metabolites in both the urine and serum of individuals living with Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Res Ther 2021; 13:20. [PMID: 33422142 PMCID: PMC7797094 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-020-00741-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both serotonergic signalling disruption and systemic inflammation have been associated with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The common denominator linking the two is the catabolism of the essential amino acid, tryptophan. Metabolism via tryptophan hydroxylase results in serotonin synthesis, whilst metabolism via indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) results in kynurenine and its downstream derivatives. IDO is reported to be activated in times of host systemic inflammation and therefore is thought to influence both pathways. To investigate metabolic alterations in AD, a large-scale metabolic phenotyping study was conducted on both urine and serum samples collected from a multi-centre clinical cohort, consisting of individuals clinically diagnosed with AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and age-matched controls. METHODS Metabolic phenotyping was applied to both urine (n = 560) and serum (n = 354) from the European-wide AddNeuroMed/Dementia Case Register (DCR) biobank repositories. Metabolite data were subsequently interrogated for inter-group differences; influence of gender and age; comparisons between two subgroups of MCI - versus those who remained cognitively stable at follow-up visits (sMCI); and those who underwent further cognitive decline (cMCI); and the impact of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) medication on metabolite concentrations. RESULTS Results revealed significantly lower metabolite concentrations of tryptophan pathway metabolites in the AD group: serotonin (urine, serum), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (urine), kynurenine (serum), kynurenic acid (urine), tryptophan (urine, serum), xanthurenic acid (urine, serum), and kynurenine/tryptophan ratio (urine). For each listed metabolite, a decreasing trend in concentrations was observed in-line with clinical diagnosis: control > MCI > AD. There were no significant differences in the two MCI subgroups whilst SSRI medication status influenced observations in serum, but not urine. CONCLUSIONS Urine and serum serotonin concentrations were found to be significantly lower in AD compared with controls, suggesting the bioavailability of the neurotransmitter may be altered in the disease. A significant increase in the kynurenine/tryptophan ratio suggests that this may be a result of a shift to the kynurenine metabolic route due to increased IDO activity, potentially as a result of systemic inflammation. Modulation of the pathways could help improve serotonin bioavailability and signalling in AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Whiley
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 6105, Australia
- The Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Katie E Chappell
- Section of Bioanalytical Chemistry W12 0NN, UK, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0NN, UK
- National Phenome Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Ellie D'Hondt
- imec, Exascience Life Lab, Kapeldreef 75, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matthew R Lewis
- Section of Bioanalytical Chemistry W12 0NN, UK, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0NN, UK
- National Phenome Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Beatriz Jiménez
- National Phenome Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Stuart G Snowden
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Present address: Core Metabolomics and Lipidomics Laboratory, Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Hilkka Soininen
- Department of Neurology, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Patrizia Mecocci
- Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Magda Tsolaki
- 3rd Department of Neurology, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Bruno Vellas
- INSERM U 558, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Jonathan R Swann
- Section of Bioanalytical Chemistry W12 0NN, UK, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Abdul Hye
- INSERM U 558, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Simon Lovestone
- Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Current affiliation at Janssen-Cilag Ltd, High Wycombe, UK
| | - Cristina Legido-Quigley
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Elaine Holmes
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0NN, UK.
- Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 6105, Australia.
- The Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia.
- Section for Nutrition Research, Imperial College, Hammersmith Campus Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
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Elsworthy RJ, Aldred S. Depression in Alzheimer's Disease: An Alternative Role for Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors? J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 69:651-661. [PMID: 31104017 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a common co-morbidity seen in people with Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the successful treatment of depressive symptoms in people with AD is rarely seen. In fact, multiple randomized controlled trials have shown selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), the current best recommended treatment for depression, to be ineffective in treating depressive symptoms in people with AD. One explanation for this lack of treatment effect may be that depressive symptoms can reflect the progression of AD, rather than clinical depression and are a consequence of more severe neurodegeneration. This raises several questions regarding not only the efficacy of SSRIs in the treatment of depression in people with AD but also regarding the accuracy of diagnosis of depression in AD. However, there may be a rationale for the prescription of SSRIs in early AD. Even in the absence of depression, SSRIs have been shown to slow the conversion from mild cognitive impairment to AD. This may be attributed to the effect of SSRIs on the processing of amyloid-β precursor protein, which may cause a reduction in the accumulation of amyloid-β. Thus, although SSRIs may lack efficacy in treating depression in people with AD, they may hold therapeutic potential for treating and delaying the progression of AD especially if treatment begins in the early stages of AD. This article reviews the current consensus for SSRI treatment of depression in people with AD and highlights the possibility of SSRIs being a treatment option for delaying the progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Elsworthy
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Sarah Aldred
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
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27
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Sheline YI, Snider BJ, Beer JC, Seok D, Fagan AM, Suckow RF, Lee JM, Waligorska T, Korecka M, Aselcioglu I, Morris JC, Shaw LM, Cirrito JR. Effect of escitalopram dose and treatment duration on CSF Aβ levels in healthy older adults: A controlled clinical trial. Neurology 2020; 95:e2658-e2665. [PMID: 32913021 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000010725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether treatment with escitalopram compared with placebo would lower CSF β-amyloid 42 (Aβ42) levels. RATIONALE Serotonin signaling suppresses Aβ42 in animal models of Alzheimer disease (AD) and young healthy humans. In a prospective study in older adults, we examined dose and treatment duration effects of escitalopram. METHODS Using lumbar punctures to sample CSF levels before and after a course of escitalopram treatment, cognitively normal older adults (n = 114) were assigned to placebo, 20 mg escitalopram × 2 weeks, 20 mg escitalopram × 8 weeks, or 30 mg escitalopram × 8 weeks; CSF sampled pretreatment and posttreatment and within-subject percent change in Aβ42 was used as the primary outcome in subsequent analyses. RESULTS An overall 9.4% greater reduction in CSF Aβ42 was found in escitalopram-treated compared with placebo-treated groups (p < 0.001, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.9%-14.2%, d = 0.81). Positive baseline Aβ status (CSF Aβ42 levels <250 pg/mL) was associated with smaller Aβ42 reduction (p = 0.006, 95% CI -16.7% to 0.5%, d = -0.52) compared with negative baseline amyloid status (CSF Aβ42 levels >250 pg/mL). CONCLUSIONS Short-term longitudinal doses of escitalopram decreased CSF Aβ42 in cognitively normal older adults, the target group for AD prevention. CLINICALTRIALSGOV IDENTIFIER NCT02161458. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE This study provides Class II evidence that for cognitively normal older adults, escitalopram decreases CSF Aβ42.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvette I Sheline
- From the Center for Neuromodulation in Depression and Stress, Department of Psychiatry (Y.I.S., D.S., I.A.), and Departments of Radiology (Y.I.S.), Neurology (Y.I.S.), Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Bioinformatics (J.C.B.), and Pathology (T.W., M.K., L.M.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology, The Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders (B.J.S., A.M.F., J.-M.L., J.C.M., J.R.C.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis MO; and New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry (R.F.S.), Columbia University, New York.
| | - B Joy Snider
- From the Center for Neuromodulation in Depression and Stress, Department of Psychiatry (Y.I.S., D.S., I.A.), and Departments of Radiology (Y.I.S.), Neurology (Y.I.S.), Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Bioinformatics (J.C.B.), and Pathology (T.W., M.K., L.M.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology, The Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders (B.J.S., A.M.F., J.-M.L., J.C.M., J.R.C.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis MO; and New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry (R.F.S.), Columbia University, New York
| | - Joanne C Beer
- From the Center for Neuromodulation in Depression and Stress, Department of Psychiatry (Y.I.S., D.S., I.A.), and Departments of Radiology (Y.I.S.), Neurology (Y.I.S.), Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Bioinformatics (J.C.B.), and Pathology (T.W., M.K., L.M.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology, The Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders (B.J.S., A.M.F., J.-M.L., J.C.M., J.R.C.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis MO; and New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry (R.F.S.), Columbia University, New York
| | - Darsol Seok
- From the Center for Neuromodulation in Depression and Stress, Department of Psychiatry (Y.I.S., D.S., I.A.), and Departments of Radiology (Y.I.S.), Neurology (Y.I.S.), Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Bioinformatics (J.C.B.), and Pathology (T.W., M.K., L.M.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology, The Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders (B.J.S., A.M.F., J.-M.L., J.C.M., J.R.C.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis MO; and New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry (R.F.S.), Columbia University, New York
| | - Anne M Fagan
- From the Center for Neuromodulation in Depression and Stress, Department of Psychiatry (Y.I.S., D.S., I.A.), and Departments of Radiology (Y.I.S.), Neurology (Y.I.S.), Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Bioinformatics (J.C.B.), and Pathology (T.W., M.K., L.M.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology, The Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders (B.J.S., A.M.F., J.-M.L., J.C.M., J.R.C.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis MO; and New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry (R.F.S.), Columbia University, New York
| | - Raymond F Suckow
- From the Center for Neuromodulation in Depression and Stress, Department of Psychiatry (Y.I.S., D.S., I.A.), and Departments of Radiology (Y.I.S.), Neurology (Y.I.S.), Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Bioinformatics (J.C.B.), and Pathology (T.W., M.K., L.M.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology, The Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders (B.J.S., A.M.F., J.-M.L., J.C.M., J.R.C.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis MO; and New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry (R.F.S.), Columbia University, New York
| | - Jin-Moo Lee
- From the Center for Neuromodulation in Depression and Stress, Department of Psychiatry (Y.I.S., D.S., I.A.), and Departments of Radiology (Y.I.S.), Neurology (Y.I.S.), Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Bioinformatics (J.C.B.), and Pathology (T.W., M.K., L.M.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology, The Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders (B.J.S., A.M.F., J.-M.L., J.C.M., J.R.C.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis MO; and New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry (R.F.S.), Columbia University, New York
| | - Teresa Waligorska
- From the Center for Neuromodulation in Depression and Stress, Department of Psychiatry (Y.I.S., D.S., I.A.), and Departments of Radiology (Y.I.S.), Neurology (Y.I.S.), Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Bioinformatics (J.C.B.), and Pathology (T.W., M.K., L.M.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology, The Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders (B.J.S., A.M.F., J.-M.L., J.C.M., J.R.C.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis MO; and New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry (R.F.S.), Columbia University, New York
| | - Magdalena Korecka
- From the Center for Neuromodulation in Depression and Stress, Department of Psychiatry (Y.I.S., D.S., I.A.), and Departments of Radiology (Y.I.S.), Neurology (Y.I.S.), Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Bioinformatics (J.C.B.), and Pathology (T.W., M.K., L.M.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology, The Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders (B.J.S., A.M.F., J.-M.L., J.C.M., J.R.C.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis MO; and New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry (R.F.S.), Columbia University, New York
| | - Irem Aselcioglu
- From the Center for Neuromodulation in Depression and Stress, Department of Psychiatry (Y.I.S., D.S., I.A.), and Departments of Radiology (Y.I.S.), Neurology (Y.I.S.), Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Bioinformatics (J.C.B.), and Pathology (T.W., M.K., L.M.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology, The Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders (B.J.S., A.M.F., J.-M.L., J.C.M., J.R.C.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis MO; and New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry (R.F.S.), Columbia University, New York
| | - John C Morris
- From the Center for Neuromodulation in Depression and Stress, Department of Psychiatry (Y.I.S., D.S., I.A.), and Departments of Radiology (Y.I.S.), Neurology (Y.I.S.), Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Bioinformatics (J.C.B.), and Pathology (T.W., M.K., L.M.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology, The Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders (B.J.S., A.M.F., J.-M.L., J.C.M., J.R.C.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis MO; and New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry (R.F.S.), Columbia University, New York
| | - Leslie M Shaw
- From the Center for Neuromodulation in Depression and Stress, Department of Psychiatry (Y.I.S., D.S., I.A.), and Departments of Radiology (Y.I.S.), Neurology (Y.I.S.), Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Bioinformatics (J.C.B.), and Pathology (T.W., M.K., L.M.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology, The Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders (B.J.S., A.M.F., J.-M.L., J.C.M., J.R.C.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis MO; and New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry (R.F.S.), Columbia University, New York
| | - John R Cirrito
- From the Center for Neuromodulation in Depression and Stress, Department of Psychiatry (Y.I.S., D.S., I.A.), and Departments of Radiology (Y.I.S.), Neurology (Y.I.S.), Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Bioinformatics (J.C.B.), and Pathology (T.W., M.K., L.M.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology, The Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders (B.J.S., A.M.F., J.-M.L., J.C.M., J.R.C.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis MO; and New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry (R.F.S.), Columbia University, New York
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Cirrito JR, Wallace CE, Yan P, Davis TA, Gardiner WD, Doherty BM, King D, Yuede CM, Lee JM, Sheline YI. Effect of escitalopram on Aβ levels and plaque load in an Alzheimer mouse model. Neurology 2020; 95:e2666-e2674. [PMID: 32913022 PMCID: PMC7713734 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000010733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several neurotransmitter receptors activate signaling pathways that alter processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) into β-amyloid (Aβ). Serotonin signaling through a subset of serotonin receptors suppresses Aβ generation. We proposed that escitalopram, the most specific selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) that inhibits the serotonin transporter SERT, would suppress Aβ levels in mice. OBJECTIVES We hypothesized that acute treatment with escitalopram would reduce Aβ generation, which would be reflected chronically with a significant reduction in Aβ plaque load. METHODS We performed in vivo microdialysis and in vivo 2-photon imaging to assess changes in brain interstitial fluid (ISF) Aβ and Aβ plaque size over time, respectively, in the APP/presenilin 1 mouse model of Alzheimer disease treated with vehicle or escitalopram. We also chronically treated mice with escitalopram to determine the effect on plaques histologically. RESULTS Escitalopram acutely reduced ISF Aβ by 25% by increasing α-secretase cleavage of APP. Chronic administration of escitalopram significantly reduced plaque load by 28% and 34% at 2.5 and 5 mg/d, respectively. Escitalopram at 5 mg/kg did not remove existing plaques, but completely arrested individual plaque growth over time. CONCLUSIONS Escitalopram significantly reduced Aβ in mice, similar to previous findings in humans treated with acute dosing of an SSRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Cirrito
- From the Department of Neurology (J.R.C., T.A.D., W.D.G., B.M.D., D.K., C.M.Y., J.-M.L.), The Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Center for Neuromodulation in Depression and Stress, Department of Psychiatry (C.E.W., P.Y., Y.I.S.), and Departments of Psychiatry, Radiology, and Neurology (Y.I.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
| | - Clare E Wallace
- From the Department of Neurology (J.R.C., T.A.D., W.D.G., B.M.D., D.K., C.M.Y., J.-M.L.), The Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Center for Neuromodulation in Depression and Stress, Department of Psychiatry (C.E.W., P.Y., Y.I.S.), and Departments of Psychiatry, Radiology, and Neurology (Y.I.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Ping Yan
- From the Department of Neurology (J.R.C., T.A.D., W.D.G., B.M.D., D.K., C.M.Y., J.-M.L.), The Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Center for Neuromodulation in Depression and Stress, Department of Psychiatry (C.E.W., P.Y., Y.I.S.), and Departments of Psychiatry, Radiology, and Neurology (Y.I.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Todd A Davis
- From the Department of Neurology (J.R.C., T.A.D., W.D.G., B.M.D., D.K., C.M.Y., J.-M.L.), The Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Center for Neuromodulation in Depression and Stress, Department of Psychiatry (C.E.W., P.Y., Y.I.S.), and Departments of Psychiatry, Radiology, and Neurology (Y.I.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Woodrow D Gardiner
- From the Department of Neurology (J.R.C., T.A.D., W.D.G., B.M.D., D.K., C.M.Y., J.-M.L.), The Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Center for Neuromodulation in Depression and Stress, Department of Psychiatry (C.E.W., P.Y., Y.I.S.), and Departments of Psychiatry, Radiology, and Neurology (Y.I.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Brookelyn M Doherty
- From the Department of Neurology (J.R.C., T.A.D., W.D.G., B.M.D., D.K., C.M.Y., J.-M.L.), The Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Center for Neuromodulation in Depression and Stress, Department of Psychiatry (C.E.W., P.Y., Y.I.S.), and Departments of Psychiatry, Radiology, and Neurology (Y.I.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Diana King
- From the Department of Neurology (J.R.C., T.A.D., W.D.G., B.M.D., D.K., C.M.Y., J.-M.L.), The Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Center for Neuromodulation in Depression and Stress, Department of Psychiatry (C.E.W., P.Y., Y.I.S.), and Departments of Psychiatry, Radiology, and Neurology (Y.I.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Carla M Yuede
- From the Department of Neurology (J.R.C., T.A.D., W.D.G., B.M.D., D.K., C.M.Y., J.-M.L.), The Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Center for Neuromodulation in Depression and Stress, Department of Psychiatry (C.E.W., P.Y., Y.I.S.), and Departments of Psychiatry, Radiology, and Neurology (Y.I.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Jin-Moo Lee
- From the Department of Neurology (J.R.C., T.A.D., W.D.G., B.M.D., D.K., C.M.Y., J.-M.L.), The Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Center for Neuromodulation in Depression and Stress, Department of Psychiatry (C.E.W., P.Y., Y.I.S.), and Departments of Psychiatry, Radiology, and Neurology (Y.I.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Yvette I Sheline
- From the Department of Neurology (J.R.C., T.A.D., W.D.G., B.M.D., D.K., C.M.Y., J.-M.L.), The Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Center for Neuromodulation in Depression and Stress, Department of Psychiatry (C.E.W., P.Y., Y.I.S.), and Departments of Psychiatry, Radiology, and Neurology (Y.I.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
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Deyts C, Clutter M, Pierce N, Chakrabarty P, Ladd TB, Goddi A, Rosario AM, Cruz P, Vetrivel K, Wagner SL, Thinakaran G, Golde TE, Parent AT. APP-Mediated Signaling Prevents Memory Decline in Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model. Cell Rep 2020; 27:1345-1355.e6. [PMID: 31042463 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.03.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid precursor protein (APP) and its metabolites play key roles in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology. Whereas short amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides derived from APP are pathogenic, the APP holoprotein serves multiple purposes in the nervous system through its cell adhesion and receptor-like properties. Our studies focused on the signaling mediated by the APP cytoplasmic tail. We investigated whether sustained APP signaling during brain development might favor neuronal plasticity and memory process through a direct interaction with the heterotrimeric G-protein subunit GαS (stimulatory G-protein alpha subunit). Our results reveal that APP possesses autonomous regulatory capacity within its intracellular domain that promotes APP cell surface residence, precludes Aβ production, facilitates axodendritic development, and preserves cellular substrates of memory. Altogether, these events contribute to strengthening cognitive functions and are sufficient to modify the course of AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Deyts
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, 924 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Mary Clutter
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, 924 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Nicholas Pierce
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, 924 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Paramita Chakrabarty
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Thomas B Ladd
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Anna Goddi
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, 924 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Awilda M Rosario
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Pedro Cruz
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Kulandaivelu Vetrivel
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, 924 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Steven L Wagner
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA 92161, USA
| | - Gopal Thinakaran
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, 924 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Todd E Golde
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Angèle T Parent
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, 924 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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Morgese MG, Schiavone S, Maffione AB, Tucci P, Trabace L. Depressive-like phenotype evoked by lifelong nutritional omega-3 deficiency in female rats: Crosstalk among kynurenine, Toll-like receptors and amyloid beta oligomers. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 87:444-454. [PMID: 31987923 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is one of the most common psychiatric diseases and the prevalence of depressive symptoms in women is almost twice compared to men, although the reasons of this gender difference are not fully understood yet. Recently, soluble amyloid beta (Aβ)1-42 peptide has been receiving great importance in the development of depression, also considering that depression is highly comorbid with Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative illnesses. The central role played by Aβ in the development of depressive-like symptoms in rodents has been evidenced in environmental rodent model of depression. Indeed, we have previously found that lifelong exposure to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) deficient diet in female rats at 8 weeks of life leads to depressive like- symptoms and higher susceptibility to stress associated with increased Aβ levels. In order to understand if such effects were maintained over time, rats were exposed to the same diet regimen until 6 or 21 weeks of life. We found that both timepoints of exposure to n-3 PUFA deficient diet lead to depressive-like phenotype. Furthermore, a significant alteration in brain neurochemistry was retrieved. In particular, in hippocampal area a significant reduction in serotonin (5-HT) and noradrenaline (NA) content was evidenced. Considering the prominent role of NA in counterbalancing neuroinflammatory state, we quantified in the same brain area kynurenine levels, a metabolite of tryptophan implicated in inflammatory state and brought to the fore for its implication in depression. Interestingly, kynurenine levels were significantly increased in hippocampus (HIPP) of female rats exposed to such diet. In addition, lifelong deficiency in n-3 PUFA dietary intake led to systemic increase of corticosterone, hence hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis hyperactivation, and higher proinflammatory cytokine production. Increased production of kynurenine, along with HPA axis hyperactivation, have been associated with immune system modulation, particularly through Toll-like receptor type 2 (TLR2) and Toll-like receptor type 4 (TLR4) involvement. In addition, it has been shown that soluble forms of Aβ1-42 can induced depressive like-phenotype in consequence to a crosstalk between TLR4 and 5-HTergic system. Thus, considering that in this model we have previously reported increased plasma Aβ1-42 level, we quantified TRL2 and 4 expression in HIPP of treated rats. We found that chronic exposure to a diet characterized by very low n-3 PUFA content led to higher expression of TLR2 and TLR4 in HIPP of female treated rats, indicating an activation of the immune system and was accompanied by increased expression of oligomeric Aβ. Taken together, our data indicate that the pro-depressive effects induced by a diet poor in n-3 PUFA can be attributable to a shift of hippocampal tryptophan metabolism toward inflammatory metabolite ultimately corresponding to altered immune response and increased Aβ oligomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grazia Morgese
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Viale L. Pinto, 1, 71022 Foggia, Italy
| | - Stefania Schiavone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Viale L. Pinto, 1, 71022 Foggia, Italy
| | - Angela Bruna Maffione
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Viale L. Pinto, 1, 71022 Foggia, Italy
| | - Paolo Tucci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Viale L. Pinto, 1, 71022 Foggia, Italy
| | - Luigia Trabace
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Viale L. Pinto, 1, 71022 Foggia, Italy.
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31
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Maitre M, Klein C, Patte-Mensah C, Mensah-Nyagan AG. Tryptophan metabolites modify brain Aβ peptide degradation: A role in Alzheimer's disease? Prog Neurobiol 2020; 190:101800. [PMID: 32360535 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Among several processes, a decrease in amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide elimination is thought to be one of the major pathophysiological factors in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Neprilysin (NEP) is a key metalloproteinase controlling the degradation and clearance of Aβ peptides in the brain. NEP is induced by several pharmacological substances, amyloid deposits and somatostatin, but the physiological regulation of its expression remains unclear. This situation hampers the exploitation of NEP regulatory factors/mechanisms to develop effective strategies against Aβ peptide accumulation-induced brain toxicity. Based on recent data aimed at elucidating this major question, the present paper addresses and critically discusses the role of 5-hydroxyindole-acetic acid (5-HIAA) and kynurenic acid (KYNA) in the regulation of NEP activity/expression in the brain. Both 5-HIAA and KYNA are endogenous metabolites of tryptophan, an essential amino-acid obtained through diet and gut microbiome. By interacting with the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, various tryptophan metabolites modulate several metalloproteinases regulating brain Aβ peptide levels under normal and pathological conditions such as AD. In particular, interesting data reviewed here show that 5-HIAA and KYNA stimulate NEP activity/expression to prevent Aβ peptide-induced neurotoxicity. These data open promising perspectives for the development of tryptophan metabolite-based therapies against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Maitre
- Biopathologie de la Myéline, Neuroprotection et Stratégies Thérapeutiques, INSERM U1119, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Bâtiment 3 de la Faculté de Médecine, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Christian Klein
- Biopathologie de la Myéline, Neuroprotection et Stratégies Thérapeutiques, INSERM U1119, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Bâtiment 3 de la Faculté de Médecine, Strasbourg, France
| | - Christine Patte-Mensah
- Biopathologie de la Myéline, Neuroprotection et Stratégies Thérapeutiques, INSERM U1119, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Bâtiment 3 de la Faculté de Médecine, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ayikoe-Guy Mensah-Nyagan
- Biopathologie de la Myéline, Neuroprotection et Stratégies Thérapeutiques, INSERM U1119, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Bâtiment 3 de la Faculté de Médecine, Strasbourg, France.
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32
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The Challenge of Antidepressant Therapeutics in Alzheimer's Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020. [PMID: 32304037 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-42667-5_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
The link between depression and Alzheimer's disease (AD) is controversial, because it is not clear if depression is an independent risk factor for the disease or a prodromal symptom in the older population. Cerebral amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide deposition is associated with both cognitive symptoms and neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS), which may be a biological mechanism of compensation. Despite the widespread use of antidepressant therapeutics (30-50% of patients with AD/dementia are on antidepressants), there is mixed evidence regarding the benefits from their use in AD depression. Monoaminergic antidepressant drugs have shown only modest or no clinical benefits. Therefore, it is important to understand the reason of this drug-resistance and the relationship between antidepressant drugs and the Aβ peptide. The goal of the present review is to highlight the etiology of depression in patients affected by AD in comparison to depressive disorders without AD, and to speculate on more appropriate and alternative therapeutics.
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Venlafaxine Stimulates an MMP-9-Dependent Increase in Excitatory/Inhibitory Balance in a Stress Model of Depression. J Neurosci 2020; 40:4418-4431. [PMID: 32269106 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2387-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that there is a reduction in overall cortical excitatory to inhibitory balance in major depressive disorder (MDD), which afflicts ∼14%-20% of individuals. Reduced pyramidal cell arborization occurs with stress and MDD, and may diminish excitatory neurotransmission. Enhanced deposition of perineuronal net (PNN) components also occurs with stress. Since parvalbumin-expressing interneurons are the predominant cell population that is enveloped by PNNs, which enhance their ability to release GABA, excess PNN deposition likely increases pyramidal cell inhibition. In the present study, we investigate the potential for matrix metalloprotease-9 (MMP-9), an endopeptidase secreted in response to neuronal activity, to contribute to the antidepressant efficacy of the serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor venlafaxine in male mice. Chronic venlafaxine increases MMP-9 levels in murine cortex, and increases both pyramidal cell arborization and PSD-95 expression in the cortex of WT but not MMP-9-null mice. We have previously shown that venlafaxine reduces PNN deposition and increases the power of ex vivo γ oscillations in conventionally housed mice. γ power is increased with pyramidal cell disinhibition and with remission from MDD. Herein we observe that PNN expression is increased in a corticosterone-induced stress model of disease and reduced by venlafaxine. Compared with mice that receive concurrent venlafaxine, corticosterone-treated mice also display reduced ex vivo γ power and impaired working memory. Autopsy-derived PFC samples show elevated MMP-9 levels in antidepressant-treated MDD patients compared with controls. These preclinical and postmortem findings highlight a link between extracellular matrix regulation and MDD.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Reduced excitatory neurotransmission occurs with major depressive disorder, and may be normalized by antidepressant treatment. Underlying molecular mechanisms are, however, not well understood. Herein we investigate a potential role for an extracellular protease, released from neurons and known to play a role in learning and memory, in antidepressant-associated increases in excitatory transmission. Our data suggest that this protease, matrix metalloprotease-9, increases branching of excitatory neurons and concomitantly attenuates the perineuronal net to potentially reduce inhibitory input to these neurons. Matrix metalloprotease-9 may thus enhance overall excitatory/inhibitory balance and neuronal population dynamics, which are important to mood and memory.
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González-Gutiérrez JP, Pessoa-Mahana HA, Iturriaga-Vásquez PE, Reyes-Parada MI, Guerra-Díaz NE, Hodar-Salazar M, Viscarra F, Paillali P, Núñez-Vivanco G, Lorca-Carvajal MA, Mella-Raipán J, Zúñiga MC. Synthesis of Novel Nicotinic Ligands with Multimodal Action: Targeting Acetylcholine α4β2, Dopamine and Serotonin Transporters. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24203808. [PMID: 31652614 PMCID: PMC6832503 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24203808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), serotonin transporters (SERT) and dopamine transporters (DAT) represent targets for the development of novel nicotinic derivatives acting as multiligands associated with different health conditions, such as depressive, anxiety and addiction disorders. In the present work, a series of functionalized esters structurally related to acetylcholine and nicotine were synthesized and pharmacologically assayed with respect to these targets. The synthesized compounds were studied in radioligand binding assays at α4β2 nAChR, h-SERT and h-DAT. SERT experiments showed not radioligand [3H]-paroxetine displacement, but rather an increase in the radioligand binding percentage at the central binding site was observed. Compound 20 showed Ki values of 1.008 ± 0.230 μM for h-DAT and 0.031 ± 0.006 μM for α4β2 nAChR, and [3H]-paroxetine binding of 191.50% in h-SERT displacement studies, being the only compound displaying triple affinity. Compound 21 displayed Ki values of 0.113 ± 0.037 μM for α4β2 nAChR and 0.075 ± 0.009 μM for h-DAT acting as a dual ligand. Molecular docking studies on homology models of α4β2 nAChR, h-DAT and h-SERT suggested potential interactions among the compounds and agonist binding site at the α4/β2 subunit interfaces of α4β2 nAChR, central binding site of h-DAT and allosteric modulator effect in h-SERT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo González-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, 8380492 Santiago, Chile.
| | - Hernán Armando Pessoa-Mahana
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, 8380492 Santiago, Chile.
| | - Patricio Ernesto Iturriaga-Vásquez
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de la Frontera, 4811230 Temuco, Chile.
- Center of Excellence in Biotechnology Research Applied to the Environment, Universidad de La Frontera, 4811230 Temuco, Chile.
| | - Miguel Iván Reyes-Parada
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica y Aplicada (CIBAP), Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, 9170022 Santiago, Chile.
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, 3467987 Sede Talca, Chile.
| | - Nicolas Esteban Guerra-Díaz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, 8380492 Santiago, Chile.
| | - Martin Hodar-Salazar
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de la Frontera, 4811230 Temuco, Chile.
| | - Franco Viscarra
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de la Frontera, 4811230 Temuco, Chile.
| | - Pablo Paillali
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de la Frontera, 4811230 Temuco, Chile.
| | - Gabriel Núñez-Vivanco
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular, Universidad de Talca, 3340000 Talca, Chile.
- Escuela de Ingeniería Civil en Bioinformática, Universidad de Talca, Av. Lircay 3340000 Talca, Chile.
| | | | - Jaime Mella-Raipán
- Instituto de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, 2360102 Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - María Carolina Zúñiga
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, 8380492 Santiago, Chile.
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Rychtyk J, Partyka A, Gdula-Argasińska J, Mysłowska K, Wilczyńska N, Jastrzębska-Więsek M, Wesołowska A. 5-HT 6 receptor agonist and antagonist improve memory impairments and hippocampal BDNF signaling alterations induced by MK-801. Brain Res 2019; 1722:146375. [PMID: 31412259 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate and compare the effects of acute and chronic (21-day) administration of agonist (WAY-181187) and antagonist (SB-742457) of the 5-hydroxytryptamine 6 receptor (5-HT6R) on MK-801-induced memory impairments in novel object recognition (NORT) and Y-maze continuous spontaneous alternation tests (Y-CAT). Further, the expression of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in rat hippocampus was measured after 21-day administration to investigate BDNF participation in the pro-cognitive effects of 5-HT6R ligands. We found that acute administration of WAY-181187, as well as SB-742457, reversed the effects of MK-801 in NORT and Y-CAT, and that this influence persisted after prolonged application in NORT but not in Y-CAT. Both 5-HT6R ligands increased hippocampal BDNF protein expression, but WAY-181187 was much more potent than SB-742457 and alleviated the MK-801-induced inhibition of BDNF signaling pathways better, which seems to translate into a stronger WAY-181187 effect in behavioral tests. Collectively, both the 5-HT6R agonist and the antagonist, administered acutely and chronically, prevent memory impairments and alterations in BDNF signaling induced by MK-801 in rats. The present results confirm the pro-cognitive properties of both types of 5-HT6R ligands and suggest that BDNF pathways may be involved in their mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Rychtyk
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Partyka
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Joanna Gdula-Argasińska
- Department of Radioligands, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Mysłowska
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Natalia Wilczyńska
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Jastrzębska-Więsek
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Wesołowska
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
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Kang LJ, Nguyen KVA, Eom S, Choi YJ, Nguyen CN, Lee J, Kim C, Lee S, Lee SG, Lee JH. Stimulating DDX3 expression by serotonin 5-HT receptor 7 through phosphorylation of p53 via the AC-PKA-ERK signaling pathway. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:18193-18208. [PMID: 31172579 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
DDX3 is a host viral factor that can inhibit the hepatitis B virus-induced innate immune responses. In this study, the 20 bioactive compounds have screened the effects on DDX3 and we found that 5-HT upregulated DDX3 promoter activity via the 5-HT7 receptor on liver hepatocellular cells (HepG2 cells) by using a luciferase assay, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis, and Western blot analysis. Furthermore, we are trying to elucidate the pathways involved in the stimulating effect of 5-HT on DDX3 expression to induce innate immune responses against hepatitis B virus infection. A knockdown of the 5-HT7 receptor by transfection si-5-HT7 receptors or si-control into HepG2 cells treated by 5-HT (or 5-HT plus agonist) confirmed the role of the 5-HT7 receptor in DDX3 expression. The IFN-β-Luc expression and level of hepatitis B virus surface Antigen (HBsAg) showed that DDX3 mediated by the 5-HT7 agonist (AS-19) increased IFN-β expression and inhibited HBV replication. Luciferase assays showed the involvement of 5-HT7 receptors in DDX3 expression via cAMP/AC/PKA pathways by using protein kinase A (PKA) and adenylyl cyclase inhibitor (MDL 12330A). AS-19 mediated DDX3 promoter activated PKA extracellular signal-regulated kinase ERK signaling the p53 phosphorylation (-1080/-1070) resulted in upregulation of DDX3 promoter transactivation via the 5-HT7 receptors agonist. Overall, 5-HT7 was found to be a new potential target to inhibit hepatitis B infection by activating AC/PKA/ERK pathways by phosphorylating p53 via the 5-HT7 agonist response by mediating DDX3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jung Kang
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Khoa V A Nguyen
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanung Eom
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeo-Jin Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Cam Ngoc Nguyen
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeeun Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaelin Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Shinhui Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Gene Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Ho Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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37
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Jafari-Sabet M, Nemati S, Torab M. Cross state-dependency of learning between 5-HT1A and/or 5-HT7 receptor agonists and muscimol in the mouse dorsal hippocampus. J Psychopharmacol 2019; 33:722-736. [PMID: 30789290 DOI: 10.1177/0269881119826608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysfunction of the serotonergic and GABAergic systems in cognitive disorders has been revealed. Understanding the neurobiological mechanisms of drug-associated learning and memory formation may help treatment of cognitive disorders. AIMS The aim of the present study was to investigate: 1) 8-OH-DPAT (5-HT1A agonist), AS19 (5-HT7 agonist) and muscimol (GABA-A agonist) on memory retrieval and state of memory, 2) cross state-dependent learning between 8-OH-DPAT and/or AS19 and muscimol. METHODS The dorsal hippocampal CA1 regions of adult male NMRI mice were bilaterally cannulated, and all drugs were microinjected into the intended sites of injection. A single-trial step-down inhibitory avoidance task was used for the evaluation of memory retrieval and state of memory. RESULTS Post-training and/or pre-test 8-OH-DPAT, AS19 and muscimol induced amnesia. Pre-test microinjection of the same doses of 8-OH-DPAT, AS19 and muscimol reversed the post-training 8-OH-DPAT-, AS19- and muscimol-induced amnesia, respectively. This event has been named state-dependent learning (SDL). The amnesia induced by 8-OH-DPAT was reversed by muscimol and induced 8-OH-DPAT SDL. The amnesia induced by muscimol was reversed by 8-OH-DPAT and induced muscimol SDL. The amnesia induced by AS19 was reversed by muscimol and induced AS19 SDL. The amnesia induced by muscimol was reversed by AS19 and induced muscimol SDL. Pre-test administration of a selective GABA-A receptor antagonist, bicuculline, 5 min before muscimol, 8-OH-DPAT and AS19 dose-dependently inhibited muscimol-, 8-OH-DPAT- and AS19-induced SDL, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The results strongly revealed a cross SDL among 8-OH-DPAT and/or AS19 and muscimol in the dorsal hippocampal CA1 regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Jafari-Sabet
- 1 Razi Drug Research Center, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,2 Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepehr Nemati
- 2 Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansour Torab
- 2 Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Morgese MG, Trabace L. Monoaminergic System Modulation in Depression and Alzheimer's Disease: A New Standpoint? Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:483. [PMID: 31156428 PMCID: PMC6533589 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of depression has dramatically increased, and it has been estimated that over 300 million people suffer from depression all over the world. Depression is highly comorbid with many central and peripheral disorders. In this regard, depressive states have been associated with the development of neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Accordingly, depression is a risk factor for AD and depressive symptomatology is common in pre-clinical AD, representing an early manifestation of this disease. Neuropsychiatric symptoms may represent prodromal symptoms of dementia deriving from neurobiological changes in specific cerebral regions; thus, the search for common biological substrates is becoming an imperative and intriguing field of research. Soluble forms of beta amyloid peptide (Aβ) have been implicated both in the development of early memory deficits and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Indeed, soluble Aβ species have been shown to induce a depressive-like phenotype in AD animal models. Alterations in monoamine content are a common feature of these neuropathologies. Interestingly, serotonergic system modulation has been implicated in alteration of Aβ production. In addition, noradrenaline is considered crucially involved in compensatory mechanisms, leading to increased Aβ degradation via several mechanisms, including microglia modulation. In further agreement, antidepressant drugs have also been shown to potentially modulate cognitive symptoms in AD and depression. Thus, the present review summarizes the main knowledge about biological and pathological substrates, such as monoamine and related molecules, commonly involved in AD and depression pathology, thus shading light on new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grazia Morgese
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Luigia Trabace
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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Zhou C, Chao F, Zhang Y, Jiang L, Zhang L, Fan J, Wu Y, Dou X, Tang Y. Fluoxetine delays the cognitive function decline and synaptic changes in a transgenic mouse model of early Alzheimer's disease. J Comp Neurol 2019; 527:1378-1387. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.24616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun‐ni Zhou
- Department of Histology and EmbryologyChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue EngineeringChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, Ministry of EducationChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Feng‐lei Chao
- Department of Histology and EmbryologyChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue EngineeringChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Histology and EmbryologyChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue EngineeringChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, Ministry of EducationChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Lin Jiang
- Department of Histology and EmbryologyChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue EngineeringChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, Ministry of EducationChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Histology and EmbryologyChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue EngineeringChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Jin‐hua Fan
- Department of Histology and EmbryologyChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue EngineeringChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, Ministry of EducationChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Yong‐xin Wu
- Department of Histology and EmbryologyChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue EngineeringChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, Ministry of EducationChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Xiao‐yun Dou
- Institute of Life SciencesChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Yong Tang
- Department of Histology and EmbryologyChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue EngineeringChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
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Impact of Antidepressant Use on the Trajectory of Alzheimer's Disease: Evidence, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Implications. CNS Drugs 2019; 33:17-29. [PMID: 30456746 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-018-0590-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between antidepressants and Alzheimer's disease (AD) is very complex, and the literature is mixed regarding the effect of these medications on the trajectory of the disease. This paper reviews findings from relevant clinical studies that have assessed the impact of antidepressants on AD onset and disease progression. To date, these medications seem to attenuate the risk of developing the disease without affecting the rate of progression. However, most evidence stems from observational studies that are subject to methodological bias. Serotonergic antidepressants are thought to affect AD pathophysiology by reducing β-amyloid (Aβ) plaque formation and promoting hippocampal neurogenesis. However, the mechanisms underlying their effect need to be examined further, especially in humans. Moreover, more robust clinical studies in terms of design (randomized controlled trials) and longer duration of follow-up are needed. Variables, including depression timeline/onset and its clinical course, apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) genotype status, sex, dose/duration of antidepressant treatment, and AD biomarkers need to be incorporated in future trials to better elucidate the effect of antidepressants on AD risk.
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Lanni C, Fagiani F, Racchi M, Preda S, Pascale A, Grilli M, Allegri N, Govoni S. Beta-amyloid short- and long-term synaptic entanglement. Pharmacol Res 2019; 139:243-260. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Severino M, Sivasaravanaparan M, Olesen LØ, von Linstow CU, Metaxas A, Bouzinova EV, Khan AM, Lambertsen KL, Babcock AA, Gramsbergen JB, Wiborg O, Finsen B. Established amyloid-β pathology is unaffected by chronic treatment with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor paroxetine. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (NEW YORK, N. Y.) 2018; 4:215-223. [PMID: 29955664 PMCID: PMC6021554 DOI: 10.1016/j.trci.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors has been suggested to mitigate amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology in Alzheimer's disease, in addition to an antidepressant mechanism of action. METHODS We investigated whether chronic treatment with paroxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, mitigates Aβ pathology in plaque-bearing double-transgenic amyloid precursor protein (APP)swe/presenilin 1 (PS1)ΔE9 mutants. In addition, we addressed whether serotonin depletion affects Aβ pathology. Treatments were assessed by measurement of serotonin transporter occupancy and high-performance liquid chromatography. The effect of paroxetine on Aβ pathology was evaluated by stereological plaque load estimation and Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Contrary to our hypothesis, paroxetine therapy did not mitigate Aβ pathology, and depletion of brain serotonin did not exacerbate Aβ pathology. However, chronic paroxetine therapy increased mortality in APPswe/PS1ΔE9 transgenic mice. DISCUSSION Our results question the ability of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor therapy to ameliorate established Aβ pathology. The severe adverse effect of paroxetine may discourage its use for disease-modifying purposes in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Severino
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mithula Sivasaravanaparan
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Louise Ø. Olesen
- Center of Psychiatric Research, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark
| | - Christian U. von Linstow
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Athanasios Metaxas
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Elena V. Bouzinova
- Center of Psychiatric Research, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark
| | - Asif Manzoor Khan
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kate L. Lambertsen
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- BRIDGE – Brain Research -Inter-Disciplinary Guided Excellence, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Alicia A. Babcock
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jan Bert Gramsbergen
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- BRIDGE – Brain Research -Inter-Disciplinary Guided Excellence, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ove Wiborg
- Center of Psychiatric Research, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Bente Finsen
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- BRIDGE – Brain Research -Inter-Disciplinary Guided Excellence, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Hettinger JC, Lee H, Bu G, Holtzman DM, Cirrito JR. AMPA-ergic regulation of amyloid-β levels in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model. Mol Neurodegener 2018; 13:22. [PMID: 29764453 PMCID: PMC5952376 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-018-0256-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular aggregation of the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide into toxic multimers is a key event in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Aβ aggregation is concentration-dependent, with higher concentrations of Aβ much more likely to form toxic species. The processes that regulate extracellular levels of Aβ therefore stand to directly affect AD pathology onset. Studies from our lab and others have demonstrated that synaptic activity is a critical regulator of Aβ production through both presynaptic and postsynaptic mechanisms. AMPA receptors (AMPA-Rs), as the most abundant ionotropic glutamate receptors, have the potential to greatly impact Aβ levels. METHODS In order to study the role of AMPA-Rs in Aβ regulation, we used in vivo microdialysis in an APP/PS1 mouse model to simultaneously deliver AMPA and other treatments while collecting Aβ from the interstitial fluid (ISF). Changes in Aβ production and clearance along with inflammation were assessed using biochemical approaches. IL-6 deficient mice were utilized to test the role of IL-6 signaling in AMPA-R-mediated regulation of Aβ levels. RESULTS We found that AMPA-R activation decreases in ISF Aβ levels in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the effect of AMPA treatment involves three distinct pathways. Steady-state activity of AMPA-Rs normally promotes higher ISF Aβ. Evoked AMPA-R activity, however, decreases Aβ levels by both stimulating glutamatergic transmission and activating downstream NMDA receptor (NMDA-R) signaling and, with extended AMPA treatment, acting independently of NMDA-Rs. Surprisingly, we found this latter, direct AMPA pathway of Aβ regulation increases Aβ clearance, while Aβ production appears to be largely unaffected. Furthermore, the AMPA-dependent decrease is not observed in IL-6 deficient mice, indicating a role for IL-6 signaling in AMPA-R-mediated Aβ clearance. CONCLUSION Though basal levels of AMPA-R activity promote higher levels of ISF Aβ, evoked AMPA-R signaling decreases Aβ through both NMDA-R-dependent and -independent pathways. We find that evoked AMPA-R signaling increases clearance of extracellular Aβ, at least in part through enhanced IL-6 signaling. These data emphasize that Aβ regulation by synaptic activity involves a number of independent pathways that together determine extracellular Aβ levels. Understanding how these pathways maintain Aβ levels prior to AD pathology may provide insights into disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane C Hettinger
- Department of Neurology, Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8111, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Hyo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8111, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Guojun Bu
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - David M Holtzman
- Department of Neurology, Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8111, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - John R Cirrito
- Department of Neurology, Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8111, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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Lozupone M, La Montagna M, D'Urso F, Piccininni C, Sardone R, Dibello V, Giannelli G, Solfrizzi V, Greco A, Daniele A, Quaranta N, Seripa D, Bellomo A, Logroscino G, Panza F. Pharmacotherapy for the treatment of depression in patients with alzheimer's disease: a treatment-resistant depressive disorder. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2018; 19:823-842. [PMID: 29726758 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2018.1471136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pharmacotherapy for the treatment of depressive disorders in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) represents a clinical challenge. pharmacological options are often attempted after a period of watchful waiting (8-12 weeks). monoaminergic antidepressant drugs have shown only modest or null clinical benefits, maybe because the etiology of depressive symptoms in ad patients is fundamentally different from that of nondemented subjects. AREAS COVERED The following article looks at the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor sertraline, which is one of the most frequently studied antidepressant medications in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). It also discusses many other pharmacological approaches that have proven to be inadequate (antipsychotics, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, anticonvulsants, hormone replacement therapy) and new drug classes (mainly affecting glutamate transmission) that are being studied for treating depression in AD. It also gives discussion to the phase II RCT on the alternative drug S47445 and the potential effect on cognition of the multimodal antidepressant vortioxetine in older depressed patients. Finally, it discusses the N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist ketamine. EXPERT OPINION The present RCT methodologies are too disparate to draw firm conclusions. Future studies are required to identify effective and multimodal pharmacological treatments that efficiently treat depression in AD. Genotyping may boost antidepressant treatment success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madia Lozupone
- a Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Department of Basic Medicine, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs , University of Bari Aldo Moro , Bari , Italy
| | - Maddalena La Montagna
- b Psychiatric Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , University of Foggia , Foggia , Italy
| | - Francesca D'Urso
- b Psychiatric Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , University of Foggia , Foggia , Italy
| | - Carla Piccininni
- b Psychiatric Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , University of Foggia , Foggia , Italy
| | - Rodolfo Sardone
- c Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. de Bellis" Research Hospital , Castellana Grotte, Bari , Italy
| | - Vittorio Dibello
- d Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine (DIM), Section of Dentistry , University of Bari Aldo Moro , Bari , Italy
| | - Gianluigi Giannelli
- c Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. de Bellis" Research Hospital , Castellana Grotte, Bari , Italy
| | - Vincenzo Solfrizzi
- e Geriatric Medicine-Memory Unit and Rare Disease Centre , University of Bari Aldo Moro , Bari , Italy
| | - Antonio Greco
- f Geriatric Unit & Laboratory of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medical Sciences , IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" , San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia , Italy
| | - Antonio Daniele
- g Institute of Neurology , Catholic University of Sacred Heart , Rome , Italy
| | - Nicola Quaranta
- h Otolaryngology Unit , University of Bari "Aldo Moro" , Bari , Italy
| | - Davide Seripa
- f Geriatric Unit & Laboratory of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medical Sciences , IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" , San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia , Italy
| | - Antonello Bellomo
- b Psychiatric Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , University of Foggia , Foggia , Italy
| | - Giancarlo Logroscino
- a Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Department of Basic Medicine, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs , University of Bari Aldo Moro , Bari , Italy.,i Department of Clinical Research in Neurology , University of Bari Aldo Moro, "Pia Fondazione Cardinale G. Panico" , Tricase, Lecce , Italy
| | - Francesco Panza
- a Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Department of Basic Medicine, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs , University of Bari Aldo Moro , Bari , Italy.,f Geriatric Unit & Laboratory of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medical Sciences , IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" , San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia , Italy.,i Department of Clinical Research in Neurology , University of Bari Aldo Moro, "Pia Fondazione Cardinale G. Panico" , Tricase, Lecce , Italy
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The effect of chronic stimulation of serotonin receptor type 7 on recognition, passive avoidance memory, hippocampal long-term potentiation, and neuronal apoptosis in the amyloid β protein treated rat. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2018; 235:1513-1525. [PMID: 29637287 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-4862-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory impairment, neuronal death, and synaptic loss in the hippocampus. Long-term potentiation (LTP), a type of synaptic plasticity, occurs during learning and memory. Serotonin receptor type 7 (5-HTR7) activation is suggested as a possible therapeutic target for AD. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of chronic treatment with the 5-HTR7 agonist, AS19, on cognitive function, memory, hippocampal plasticity, amyloid beta (Aβ) plaque accumulation, and apoptosis in an adult rat model of AD. METHODS AD was induced in rats using Aβ (single 1 μg/μL intracerebroventricular (icv) injection during surgery). The following experimental groups were included: control, sham-operated, Aβ + saline (1 μL icv for 30 days), and Aβ + AS19 (1 μg/μL icv for 30 days) groups. The animals were tested for cognition and memory performance using the novel object recognition and passive avoidance tests, respectively. Next, anesthetized rats were placed in a stereotaxic apparatus for electrode implantation, and field potentials were recorded in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Lastly, brains were removed and Aβ plaques and neuronal apoptosis were evaluated using Congo red staining and TUNEL assay, respectively. RESULTS Administration of AS19 in the Aβ rats increased the discrimination index of the novel object recognition test. Furthermore, AS19 treatment decreased time spent in the dark compartment during the passive avoidance test. AS19 also enhanced both the population spike (PS) amplitude and the field excitatory postsynaptic potential (fEPSP) slope evoked potentials of the LTP components. Aβ plaques and neuronal apoptosis were decreased in the AS19-treated Aβ rats. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that chronic treatment with a 5-HTR7 agonist can prevent Aβ-related impairments in cognition and memory performance by alleviating Aβ plaque accumulation and neuronal apoptosis, hence improving neuronal plasticity. AS19 may be useful as a therapeutic agent for AD.
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Bokare AM, Bhonde M, Goel R, Nayak Y. 5-HT6 receptor agonist and antagonist modulates ICV-STZ-induced memory impairment in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2018; 235:1557-1570. [PMID: 29502275 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-4866-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES 5-HT6 receptors are mainly expressed in brain areas associated with learning and memory. Several studies have reported procognitive effects of both 5-HT6 agonist and antagonists. However, the exact mechanism 5-HT6 receptor modulation has not been properly studied especially in the context of cholinergic functions, cerebral blood flow (CBF), brain-derived neural factor (BDNF), oxidative stress, and behavioral changes. METHODS In the present study, memory impairment was induced in albino Wistar rats by two doses of intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 3 mg/kg) on first and third day. These rats were evaluated in a battery of behavioral tasks after 14 days from the first day of ICV-STZ. RESULTS Significant memory impairment was seen when ICV-STZ induced rats are assessed by Morris water maze, novel object recognition, social recognition, and passive avoidance tests. There was a significant reduction in CBF, increased oxidative stress (MDA, GSH, and ROS), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, and a decrease in BDNF. Treatment with selective 5-HT6 agonist EMD-386088 (5 mg/kg) and antagonist SB-399885 (10 mg/kg) prevented ICV-STZ-induced memory impairment when assessed by behavioral tests. Treatment with 5-HT6 ligands significantly prevented the change in CBF and BDNF. Further, protected from MDA and ROS and decreasing GSH in the brain compared to ICV-STZ rats. The rice in brain AChE activity was normalized by both ligands. The changes in locomotor activity by EMD-386088 and SB-399885 treatment were negligible. CONCLUSION The findings in this study support the therapeutic potential of 5-HT6 receptor ligands in the treatment of cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand M Bokare
- Novel Drug Discovery and Development, Lupin Limited (Research Park), 46A/47A, Village, Nande, Mulshi Taluka, Pune, Pin 412 115, India
| | - Mandar Bhonde
- Novel Drug Discovery and Development, Lupin Limited (Research Park), 46A/47A, Village, Nande, Mulshi Taluka, Pune, Pin 412 115, India
| | - Rajan Goel
- Novel Drug Discovery and Development, Lupin Limited (Research Park), 46A/47A, Village, Nande, Mulshi Taluka, Pune, Pin 412 115, India
| | - Yogendra Nayak
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, Pin 576104, India.
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Chiang ACA, Fowler SW, Savjani RR, Hilsenbeck SG, Wallace CE, Cirrito JR, Das P, Jankowsky JL. Combination anti-Aβ treatment maximizes cognitive recovery and rebalances mTOR signaling in APP mice. J Exp Med 2018; 215:1349-1364. [PMID: 29626114 PMCID: PMC5940263 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20171484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chiang et al. show that combining two complementary approaches for Aβ reduction improved cognitive function in a mouse model of amyloidosis relative to either treatment alone. Efficacy corresponded with restoration of mTOR signaling, TFEB expression, and autophagic flux, suggesting additional targets for future polytherapy in AD. Drug development for Alzheimer’s disease has endeavored to lower amyloid β (Aβ) by either blocking production or promoting clearance. The benefit of combining these approaches has been examined in mouse models and shown to improve pathological measures of disease over single treatment; however, the impact on cellular and cognitive functions affected by Aβ has not been tested. We used a controllable APP transgenic mouse model to test whether combining genetic suppression of Aβ production with passive anti-Aβ immunization improved functional outcomes over either treatment alone. Compared with behavior before treatment, arresting further Aβ production (but not passive immunization) was sufficient to stop further decline in spatial learning, working memory, and associative memory, whereas combination treatment reversed each of these impairments. Cognitive improvement coincided with resolution of neuritic dystrophy, restoration of synaptic density surrounding deposits, and reduction of hyperactive mammalian target of rapamycin signaling. Computational modeling corroborated by in vivo microdialysis pointed to the reduction of soluble/exchangeable Aβ as the primary driver of cognitive recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angie C A Chiang
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | | | | | - Susan G Hilsenbeck
- Department of Medicine, Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Clare E Wallace
- Department of Neurology, Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - John R Cirrito
- Department of Neurology, Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Pritam Das
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Joanna L Jankowsky
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX .,Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
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Yuede CM, Timson BF, Hettinger JC, Yuede KM, Edwards HM, Lawson JE, Zimmerman SD, Cirrito JR. Interactions between stress and physical activity on Alzheimer's disease pathology. Neurobiol Stress 2018; 8:158-171. [PMID: 29888311 PMCID: PMC5991353 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity and stress are both environmental modifiers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. Animal studies of physical activity in AD models have largely reported positive results, however benefits are not always observed in either cognitive or pathological outcomes and inconsistencies among findings remain. Studies using forced exercise may increase stress and mitigate some of the benefit of physical activity in AD models, while voluntary exercise regimens may not achieve optimal intensity to provide robust benefit. We evaluated the findings of studies of voluntary and forced exercise regimens in AD mouse models to determine the influence of stress, or the intensity of exercise needed to outweigh the negative effects of stress on AD measures. In addition, we show that chronic physical activity in a mouse model of AD can prevent the effects of acute restraint stress on Aβ levels in the hippocampus. Stress and physical activity have many overlapping and divergent effects on the body and some of the possible mechanisms through which physical activity may protect against stress-induced risk factors for AD are discussed. While the physiological effects of acute stress and acute exercise overlap, chronic effects of physical activity appear to directly oppose the effects of chronic stress on risk factors for AD. Further study is needed to identify optimal parameters for intensity, duration and frequency of physical activity to counterbalance effects of stress on the development and progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla M Yuede
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Benjamin F Timson
- Biomedical Science Department, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO, USA
| | - Jane C Hettinger
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kayla M Yuede
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hannah M Edwards
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Justin E Lawson
- Biomedical Science Department, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO, USA
| | - Scott D Zimmerman
- Biomedical Science Department, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO, USA
| | - John R Cirrito
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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49
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Emerging role of amyloid beta in stress response: Implication for depression and diabetes. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 817:22-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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50
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The effects of the 5-HT7 receptor on hippocampal long-term potentiation and apoptosis in a rat model of Alzheimer’s disease. Brain Res Bull 2017; 135:85-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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