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Arbaciauskaite M, Pirhanov A, Paoloni J, Lei Y, Cho YK. Protocol for screening and validating antibodies specific to protein phosphorylation sites using a set of yeast biopanning approaches. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:103241. [PMID: 39093705 PMCID: PMC11345596 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2024.103241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Developing antibodies with high specificity against post-translationally modified epitopes remains a challenge. Yeast biopanning is well suited in screening for high-specificity binders. Here, we present a protocol for screening and validating antibodies specific to protein phosphorylation sites using a set of yeast biopanning approaches. We describe steps for screening a yeast surface display library for antibodies and other binders. We then detail procedures for validating the antibodies found by analyzing their specificity through whole-well image analysis in 96-well plates. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Arbaciauskaite et al.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Arbaciauskaite
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
| | - Azady Pirhanov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Justin Paoloni
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Yu Lei
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Yong Ku Cho
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
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2
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Sindi G, Ismael S, Uddin R, Slepchenko KG, Colvin RA, Lee D. Endogenous tau released from human ReNCell VM cultures by neuronal activity is phosphorylated at multiple sites. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.02.597022. [PMID: 38854111 PMCID: PMC11160771 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.02.597022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Tau is an intracellular protein but also known to be released into the extracellular fluid. Tau release mechanisms have drawn intense attention as these are known to play a key role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. However, tau can also be released under physiological conditions although its physiological function and release mechanisms have been poorly characterized, especially in human neuronal cells. We investigated endogenous tau release in ReNCell VM, a human neuroprogenitor cell line, under physiological conditions and found that tau is spontaneously released from cells. To study activity-dependent release of endogenous tau, human ReNCell VM culture was stimulated by 100μM AMPA or 50mM KCl for one-hour, tau was actively released to the culture medium. The released tau was highly phosphorylated at nine phosphorylation sites (pSites) detected by phospho-specific tau antibodies including AT270 (T175/T181), AT8 (S202/T205), AT100 (T212/S214), AT180 (T231), and PHF-1 (S396/S404), showing that these pSites are important for activity-dependent tau release from human ReNCell VM. Intracellular tau showed various phosphorylation status across these sites, with AT270 and PHF-1 highly phosphorylated while AT8 and AT180 were minimally phosphorylated, suggesting that AT8 and AT180 pSites exhibit a propensity for secretion rather than being retained intracellularly. This activity-dependent tau release was significantly decreased by inhibition of GSK-3β, demonstrating that GSK3β-dependent phosphorylation of tau plays an important role in its release by neuronal activity. In this study, we showed that ReNCell VM serves as a valuable model for studying endogenous physiological tau release. Further, ReNCell model can be also used to study pathological release of human tau that will contribute to our understanding of the progression of AD and related dementias.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sazan Ismael
- Neuroscience Program, Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Reaz Uddin
- Neuroscience Program, Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Kira G. Slepchenko
- Neuroscience Program, Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Robert A. Colvin
- Neuroscience Program, Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Daewoo Lee
- Neuroscience Program, Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
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3
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Ellis MJ, Lekka C, Holden KL, Tulmin H, Seedat F, O'Brien DP, Dhayal S, Zeissler ML, Knudsen JG, Kessler BM, Morgan NG, Todd JA, Richardson SJ, Stefana MI. Identification of high-performing antibodies for the reliable detection of Tau proteoforms by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Acta Neuropathol 2024; 147:87. [PMID: 38761203 PMCID: PMC11102361 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-024-02729-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Antibodies are essential research tools whose performance directly impacts research conclusions and reproducibility. Owing to its central role in Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, hundreds of distinct antibody clones have been developed against the microtubule-associated protein Tau and its multiple proteoforms. Despite this breadth of offer, limited understanding of their performance and poor antibody selectivity have hindered research progress. Here, we validate a large panel of Tau antibodies by Western blot (79 reagents) and immunohistochemistry (35 reagents). We address the reagents' ability to detect the target proteoform, selectivity, the impact of protein phosphorylation on antibody binding and performance in human brain samples. While most antibodies detected Tau at high levels, many failed to detect it at lower, endogenous levels. By WB, non-selective binding to other proteins affected over half of the antibodies tested, with several cross-reacting with the related MAP2 protein, whereas the "oligomeric Tau" T22 antibody reacted with monomeric Tau by WB, thus calling into question its specificity to Tau oligomers. Despite the presumption that "total" Tau antibodies are agnostic to post-translational modifications, we found that phosphorylation partially inhibits binding for many such antibodies, including the popular Tau-5 clone. We further combine high-sensitivity reagents, mass-spectrometry proteomics and cDNA sequencing to demonstrate that presumptive Tau "knockout" human cells continue to express residual protein arising through exon skipping, providing evidence of previously unappreciated gene plasticity. Finally, probing of human brain samples with a large panel of antibodies revealed the presence of C-term-truncated versions of all main Tau brain isoforms in both control and tauopathy donors. Ultimately, we identify a validated panel of Tau antibodies that can be employed in Western blotting and/or immunohistochemistry to reliably detect even low levels of Tau expression with high selectivity. This work represents an extensive resource that will enable the re-interpretation of published data, improve reproducibility in Tau research, and overall accelerate scientific progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Ellis
- JDRF/Wellcome Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| | - Christiana Lekka
- Islet Biology Group, Department of Clinical & Biomedical Sciences, Exeter Centre of Excellence in Diabetes (EXCEED), University of Exeter, RILD Building, Exeter, UK
| | - Katie L Holden
- JDRF/Wellcome Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| | - Hanna Tulmin
- JDRF/Wellcome Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| | - Faheem Seedat
- JDRF/Wellcome Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, Women's Centre, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Level 3, Oxford, UK
| | - Darragh P O'Brien
- Target Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| | - Shalinee Dhayal
- Islet Biology Group, Department of Clinical & Biomedical Sciences, Exeter Centre of Excellence in Diabetes (EXCEED), University of Exeter, RILD Building, Exeter, UK
| | - Marie-Louise Zeissler
- Islet Biology Group, Department of Clinical & Biomedical Sciences, Exeter Centre of Excellence in Diabetes (EXCEED), University of Exeter, RILD Building, Exeter, UK
| | - Jakob G Knudsen
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Radcliffe, UK
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Benedikt M Kessler
- Target Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| | - Noel G Morgan
- Islet Biology Group, Department of Clinical & Biomedical Sciences, Exeter Centre of Excellence in Diabetes (EXCEED), University of Exeter, RILD Building, Exeter, UK
| | - John A Todd
- JDRF/Wellcome Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| | - Sarah J Richardson
- Islet Biology Group, Department of Clinical & Biomedical Sciences, Exeter Centre of Excellence in Diabetes (EXCEED), University of Exeter, RILD Building, Exeter, UK
| | - M Irina Stefana
- JDRF/Wellcome Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK.
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4
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Zheng H, Sun H, Cai Q, Tai HC. The Enigma of Tau Protein Aggregation: Mechanistic Insights and Future Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4969. [PMID: 38732197 PMCID: PMC11084794 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Tau protein misfolding and aggregation are pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease and over twenty neurodegenerative disorders. However, the molecular mechanisms of tau aggregation in vivo remain incompletely understood. There are two types of tau aggregates in the brain: soluble aggregates (oligomers and protofibrils) and insoluble filaments (fibrils). Compared to filamentous aggregates, soluble aggregates are more toxic and exhibit prion-like transmission, providing seeds for templated misfolding. Curiously, in its native state, tau is a highly soluble, heat-stable protein that does not form fibrils by itself, not even when hyperphosphorylated. In vitro studies have found that negatively charged molecules such as heparin, RNA, or arachidonic acid are generally required to induce tau aggregation. Two recent breakthroughs have provided new insights into tau aggregation mechanisms. First, as an intrinsically disordered protein, tau is found to undergo liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) both in vitro and inside cells. Second, cryo-electron microscopy has revealed diverse fibrillar tau conformations associated with different neurodegenerative disorders. Nonetheless, only the fibrillar core is structurally resolved, and the remainder of the protein appears as a "fuzzy coat". From this review, it appears that further studies are required (1) to clarify the role of LLPS in tau aggregation; (2) to unveil the structural features of soluble tau aggregates; (3) to understand the involvement of fuzzy coat regions in oligomer and fibril formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hwan-Ching Tai
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
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5
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Santiago-Ruiz AN, Hugelier S, Bond CR, Lee EB, Lakadamyali M. Super-Resolution Imaging Uncovers Nanoscale Tau Aggregate Hyperphosphorylation Patterns in Human Alzheimer's Disease Brain Tissue. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.24.590893. [PMID: 38712162 PMCID: PMC11071528 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.24.590893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Tau aggregation plays a critical role in Alzheimer's Disease (AD), where tau neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) are a key pathological hallmark. While much attention has been given to NFTs, emerging evidence underscores nano-sized pre-NFT tau aggregates as potentially toxic entities in AD. By leveraging DNA-PAINT super-resolution microscopy, we visualized and quantified nanoscale tau aggregates (nano-aggregates) in human postmortem brain tissues from intermediate and advanced AD, and Primary Age-Related Tauopathy (PART). Nano-aggregates were predominant across cases, with AD exhibiting a higher burden compared to PART. Hyperphosphorylated tau residues (p-T231, p-T181, and p-S202/T205) were present within nano-aggregates across all AD Braak stages and PART. Moreover, nano-aggregates displayed morphological differences between PART and AD, and exhibited distinct hyperphosphorylation patterns in advanced AD. These findings suggest that changes in nano-aggregate morphology and hyperphosphorylation patterns may exacerbate tau aggregation and AD progression. The ability to detect and profile nanoscale tau aggregates in human brain tissue opens new avenues for studying the molecular underpinnings of tauopathies.
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6
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Kac PR, González-Ortiz F, Emeršič A, Dulewicz M, Koutarapu S, Turton M, An Y, Smirnov D, Kulczyńska-Przybik A, Varma VR, Ashton NJ, Montoliu-Gaya L, Camporesi E, Winkel I, Paradowski B, Moghekar A, Troncoso JC, Lashley T, Brinkmalm G, Resnick SM, Mroczko B, Kvartsberg H, Gregorič Kramberger M, Hanrieder J, Čučnik S, Harrison P, Zetterberg H, Lewczuk P, Thambisetty M, Rot U, Galasko D, Blennow K, Karikari TK. Plasma p-tau212 antemortem diagnostic performance and prediction of autopsy verification of Alzheimer's disease neuropathology. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2615. [PMID: 38521766 PMCID: PMC10960791 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46876-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Blood phosphorylated tau (p-tau) biomarkers, including p-tau217, show high associations with Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathologic change and clinical stage. Certain plasma p-tau217 assays recognize tau forms phosphorylated additionally at threonine-212, but the contribution of p-tau212 alone to AD is unknown. We developed a blood-based immunoassay that is specific to p-tau212 without cross-reactivity to p-tau217. Here, we examined the diagnostic utility of plasma p-tau212. In five cohorts (n = 388 participants), plasma p-tau212 showed high performances for AD diagnosis and for the detection of both amyloid and tau pathology, including at autopsy as well as in memory clinic populations. The diagnostic accuracy and fold changes of plasma p-tau212 were similar to those for p-tau217 but higher than p-tau181 and p-tau231. Immunofluorescent staining of brain tissue slices showed prominent p-tau212 reactivity in neurofibrillary tangles that co-localized with p-tau217 and p-tau202/205. These findings support plasma p-tau212 as a peripherally accessible biomarker of AD pathophysiology.
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Grants
- R01 AG075336 NIA NIH HHS
- R01 AG078796 NIA NIH HHS
- R01 AG083874 NIA NIH HHS
- R01 AG072641 NIA NIH HHS
- R01 AG068398 NIA NIH HHS
- R21 AG078538 NIA NIH HHS
- R01 MH108509 NIMH NIH HHS
- RF1 AG025516 NIA NIH HHS
- P30 AG066468 NIA NIH HHS
- R01 AG073267 NIA NIH HHS
- P01 AG025204 NIA NIH HHS
- #AARF-21-850325 Alzheimer's Association
- R01 MH121619 NIMH NIH HHS
- R37 AG023651 NIA NIH HHS
- R21 AG080705 NIA NIH HHS
- U24 AG082930 NIA NIH HHS
- RF1 AG052525 NIA NIH HHS
- R01 AG053952 NIA NIH HHS
- Demensförbundet (Dementia Association)
- Anna Lisa and Brother Björnsson’s Foundation
- BrightFocus Foundation (BrightFocus)
- Alzheimerfonden
- the Swedish Dementia Foundation, Gun and Bertil Stohnes Foundation, Åhlén-stifelsen, and Gamla Tjänarinnor Foundation.
- Vetenskapsrådet (Swedish Research Council)
- Alzheimer’s Drug Discovery Foundation (ADDF)
- EC | Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020)
- EU Joint Programme – Neurodegenerative Disease Research (Programi i Përbashkët i BE-së për Kërkimet mbi Sëmundjet Neuro-degjeneruese)
- Swedish State Support for Clinical Research (#ALFGBG-71320), the AD Strategic Fund and the Alzheimer’s Association (#ADSF-21-831376-C, #ADSF-21-831381-C, and #ADSF-21-831377-C) the Bluefield Project, the Olav Thon Foundation, the Erling-Persson Family Foundation, Hjärnfonden, Sweden (#FO2022-0270), the National Institute for Health and Care Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, and the UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (UKDRI-1003)
- the Swedish Alzheimer Foundation (#AF-930351, #AF-939721 and #AF-968270), Hjärnfonden, Sweden (#FO2017-0243 and #ALZ2022-0006), the Swedish state under the agreement between the Swedish government and the County Councils, the ALF-agreement (#ALFGBG-715986 and #ALFGBG-965240), the National Institute of Health (NIH), USA, (grant #1R01AG068398-01) the Alzheimer’s Association 2021 Zenith Award (ZEN-21-848495).
- Alzheimer’s Association
- National Institute of Health (NIH) - (R01 AG083874-01, U24 AG082930-01 1 RF1 AG052525-01A1, 5 P30 AG066468-04, 5 R01 AG053952-05, 3 R01 MH121619-04S1, 5 R37 AG023651-18, 2 RF1 AG025516-12A1, 5 R01 AG073267-02, 2 R01 MH108509-06, 5 R01 AG075336-02, 5 R01 AG072641-02, 2 P01 AG025204-16) the Swedish Alzheimer Foundation (Alzheimerfonden), the Aina (Ann) Wallströms and Mary-Ann Sjöbloms stiftelsen, and the Emil och Wera Cornells stiftelsen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław R Kac
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, 431 80, Sweden.
| | - Fernando González-Ortiz
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, 431 80, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, 431 80, Sweden
| | - Andreja Emeršič
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maciej Dulewicz
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, 431 80, Sweden
| | - Srinivas Koutarapu
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, 431 80, Sweden
| | | | - Yang An
- Brain Aging and Behavior Section, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Denis Smirnov
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA
| | | | - Vijay R Varma
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Section, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Nicholas J Ashton
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, 431 80, Sweden
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- Centre for Age-Related Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, 4011, Stavanger, Norway
- South London & Maudsley NHS Foundation, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health & Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia, SE5 8AF, London, UK
| | - Laia Montoliu-Gaya
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, 431 80, Sweden
| | - Elena Camporesi
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, 431 80, Sweden
| | - Izabela Winkel
- Dementia Disorders Center, Medical University of Wrocław, 59-330, Ścinawa, Poland
| | - Bogusław Paradowski
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Wrocław, 50-556, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Abhay Moghekar
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Juan C Troncoso
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Department of Pathology, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Tammaryn Lashley
- Department of Neurodegenerative diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, WC1N 1PJ, London, UK
| | - Gunnar Brinkmalm
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, 431 80, Sweden
| | - Susan M Resnick
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Barbara Mroczko
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, 15-269, Poland
| | - Hlin Kvartsberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, 431 80, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, 431 80, Sweden
| | - Milica Gregorič Kramberger
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, 141 52, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jörg Hanrieder
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, 431 80, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Saša Čučnik
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, 431 80, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, 431 80, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, HKCeND, Hong Kong, 1512-1518, China
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53726, USA
| | - Piotr Lewczuk
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, 15-269, Poland
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, and Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - Madhav Thambisetty
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Section, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Uroš Rot
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Douglas Galasko
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, 431 80, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, 431 80, Sweden
| | - Thomas K Karikari
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, 431 80, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
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7
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Alhadidy MM, Kanaan NM. Biochemical approaches to assess the impact of post-translational modifications on pathogenic tau conformations using recombinant protein. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:301-318. [PMID: 38348781 PMCID: PMC10903483 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Tau protein is associated with many neurodegenerative disorders known as tauopathies. Aggregates of tau are thought of as a main contributor to neurodegeneration in these diseases. Increasingly, evidence points to earlier, soluble conformations of abnormally modified monomers and multimeric tau as toxic forms of tau. The biological processes driving tau from physiological species to pathogenic conformations remain poorly understood, but certain avenues are currently under investigation including the functional consequences of various pathological tau changes (e.g. mutations, post-translational modifications (PTMs), and protein-protein interactions). PTMs can regulate several aspects of tau biology such as proteasomal and autophagic clearance, solubility, and aggregation. Moreover, PTMs can contribute to the transition of tau from normal to pathogenic conformations. However, our understating of how PTMs specifically regulate the transition of tau into pathogenic conformations is partly impeded by the relative lack of structured frameworks to assess and quantify these conformations. In this review, we describe a set of approaches that includes several in vitro assays to determine the contribution of PTMs to tau's transition into known pathogenic conformations. The approaches begin with different methods to create recombinant tau proteins carrying specific PTMs followed by validation of the PTMs status. Then, we describe a set of biochemical and biophysical assays that assess the contribution of a given PTM to different tau conformations, including aggregation, oligomerization, exposure of the phosphatase-activating domain, and seeding. Together, these approaches can facilitate the advancement of our understanding of the relationships between PTMs and tau conformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M. Alhadidy
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, U.S.A
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, U.S.A
| | - Nicholas M. Kanaan
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, U.S.A
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, U.S.A
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8
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Ayoub CA, Moore KI, Kuret J. Quantification of Methylation and Phosphorylation Stoichiometry. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2754:221-235. [PMID: 38512670 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3629-9_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Tauopathies including Alzheimer's disease (AD) are neurodegenerative disorders accompanied by the conversion of functional forms of the microtubule associated protein Tau into non-functional aggregates. A variety of post-translational modifications (PTMs) on Tau precede or accompany the conversion, placing them in position to modulate Tau function as well as its propensity to aggregate. Although Tau PTMs can be characterized by their sites of modification, their total stoichiometry when summed over all sites also is an important metric of their potential impact on function. Here we provide a protocol for rapidly producing recombinant Tau with enzyme-specific PTMs at high stoichiometry in vitro and demonstrate its utility in the context of hyperphosphorylation. Additionally, protocols for estimating phosphorylation and methylation stoichiometry on Tau proteins isolated from any source are presented. Together these methods support experimentation on Tau PTM function over a wide range of experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Ayoub
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Khadijah I Moore
- Interdisciplinary Biophysics Graduate Program, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jeff Kuret
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.
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9
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Min S, Mohallem R, Aryal UK, Kinzer-Ursem TL, Rochet JC. Effects of Neighboring Phosphorylation Events on the Affinities of pT181-Tau Antibodies. Anal Chem 2023; 95:18241-18248. [PMID: 38014879 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
A tau variant phosphorylated on threonine 181 (pT181-tau) has been widely investigated as a potential Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarker in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood. pT181-tau is present in neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) of AD brains, and CSF levels of pT181-tau correlate with the overall NFT burden. Various immunobased analytical methods, including Western blotting and ELISA, have been used to quantify pT181-tau in human biofluids. The reliability of these methods is dependent on the affinity and binding specificity of the antibodies used to measure pT181-tau levels. Although both of these properties could, in principle, be affected by phosphorylation within or near the antibody's cognate antigen, such effects have not been extensively studied. Here, we developed a biolayer interferometry assay to determine the degree to which the affinity of pT181-tau antibodies is altered by the phosphorylation of serine or threonine residues near the target epitope. Our results revealed that phosphorylation near T181 negatively affected the binding of pT181-tau antibodies to their cognate antigen to varying degrees. In particular, two of three antibodies tested showed a complete loss of affinity for the pT181 target when S184 or S185 was phosphorylated. These findings highlight the importance of selecting antibodies that have been thoroughly characterized in terms of affinity and binding specificity, addressing the potential disruptive effects of post-translational modifications in the epitope region to ensure accurate biomarker quantitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehong Min
- Borch Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Rodrigo Mohallem
- Purdue Proteomics Facility, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Uma K Aryal
- Purdue Proteomics Facility, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Tamara L Kinzer-Ursem
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jean-Christophe Rochet
- Borch Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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Kac PR, González-Ortiz F, Emeršič A, Dulewicz M, Koutarapu S, Turton M, An Y, Smirnov D, Kulczyńska-Przybik A, Varma V, Ashton NJ, Montoliu-Gaya L, Camporesi E, Winkel I, Paradowski B, Moghekar A, Troncoso JC, Brinkmalm G, Resnick SM, Mroczko B, Kvartsberg H, Kramberger MG, Hanrieder J, Čučnik S, Harrison P, Zetterberg H, Lewczuk P, Thambisetty M, Rot U, Galasko D, Blennow K, Karikari TK. Plasma p-tau212: antemortem diagnostic performance and prediction of autopsy verification of Alzheimer's disease neuropathology. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.12.11.23299806. [PMID: 38168323 PMCID: PMC10760276 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.11.23299806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Blood phosphorylated tau (p-tau) biomarkers, including p-tau217, show high associations with Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathologic change and clinical stage. Certain plasma p-tau217 assays recognize tau forms phosphorylated additionally at threonine-212, but the contribution of p-tau212 alone to AD is unknown. We developed a blood-based immunoassay that is specific to p-tau212 without cross-reactivity to p-tau217. Thereafter, we examined the diagnostic utility of plasma p-tau212. In five cohorts (n=388 participants), plasma p-tau212 showed high performances for AD diagnosis and for the detection of both amyloid and tau pathology, including at autopsy as well as in memory clinic populations. The diagnostic accuracy and fold changes of plasma p-tau212 were similar to those for p-tau217 but higher than p-tau181 and p-tau231. Immunofluorescent staining of brain tissue slices showed prominent p-tau212 reactivity in neurofibrillary tangles that co-localized with p-tau217 and p-tau202/205. These findings support plasma p-tau212 as a novel peripherally accessible biomarker of AD pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław R Kac
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, 431 80, Sweden
| | - Fernando González-Ortiz
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, 431 80, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, 431 80, Sweden
| | - Andreja Emeršič
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maciej Dulewicz
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, 431 80, Sweden
| | - Srinivas Koutarapu
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, 431 80, Sweden
| | | | - Yang An
- Brain Aging and Behavior Section, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States of America
| | - Denis Smirnov
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, CA 92161 United States of America
| | | | - Vijay Varma
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Section, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States of America
| | - Nicholas J Ashton
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, 431 80, Sweden
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
- Centre for Age-Related Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, 4011 Stavanger, Norway
- South London & Maudsley NHS Foundation, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health & Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia, SE5 8AF London, United Kingdom
| | - Laia Montoliu-Gaya
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, 431 80, Sweden
| | - Elena Camporesi
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, 431 80, Sweden
| | - Izabela Winkel
- Dementia Disorders Center, Medical University of Wrocław, 59-330 Scinawa, Poland
| | - Bogusław Paradowski
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Wrocław, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Abhay Moghekar
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States of America
| | - Juan C Troncoso
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States of America
| | - Gunnar Brinkmalm
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, 431 80, Sweden
| | - Susan M Resnick
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States of America
| | - Barbara Mroczko
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok 15-269, Poland
| | - Hlin Kvartsberg
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, 431 80, Sweden
| | - Milica Gregorič Kramberger
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, 141 52 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jörg Hanrieder
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, 431 80, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Saša Čučnik
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, 431 80, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, 431 80, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, HKCeND, Hong Kong, 1512-1518, China
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Piotr Lewczuk
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, and Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, University Hospital of Białystok, Białystok, 15-269, Poland
| | - Madhav Thambisetty
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Section, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States of America
| | - Uroš Rot
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Douglas Galasko
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, CA 92161 United States of America
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, 431 80, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, 431 80, Sweden
| | - Thomas K Karikari
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, 431 80, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, United States of America
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11
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Jiang S, Borjigin G, Sun J, Li Q, Wang Q, Mu Y, Shi X, Li Q, Wang X, Song X, Wang Z, Yang C. Identification of Uncaria rhynchophylla in the Potential Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease by Integrating Virtual Screening and In Vitro Validation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15457. [PMID: 37895137 PMCID: PMC10607254 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncaria rhynchophylla (Gouteng in Chinese, GT) is the main medicine in many traditional recipes in China. It is commonly used to alleviate central nervous system (CNS) disorders, although its mechanism in Alzheimer's disease is still unknown. This study was designed to predict and validate the underlying mechanism in AD treatment, thus illustrating the biological mechanisms of GT in treating AD. In this study, a PPI network was constructed, KEGG analysis and GO analysis were performed, and an "active ingredient-target-pathway" network for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease was constructed. The active ingredients of GT were screened out, and the key targets were performed by molecular docking. UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS was used to screen the main active ingredients and was compared with the network pharmacology results, which verified that GT did contain the above ingredients. A total of targets were found to be significantly bound up with tau, Aβ, or Aβ and tau through the network pharmacology study. Three SH-SY5Y cell models induced by okadaic acid (OA), Na2S2O4, and H2O2 were established for in vitro validation. We first found that GT can reverse the increase in the hyperphosphorylation of tau induced by OA to some extent, protecting against ROS damage. Moreover, the results also indicated that GT has significant neuroprotective effects. This study provides a basis for studying the potential mechanisms of GT in the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Analytical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; (S.J.); (G.B.); (J.S.); (Q.L.); (Q.W.); (Y.M.); (X.S.); (Q.L.); (X.W.); (X.S.)
| | - Gilwa Borjigin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Analytical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; (S.J.); (G.B.); (J.S.); (Q.L.); (Q.W.); (Y.M.); (X.S.); (Q.L.); (X.W.); (X.S.)
| | - Jiahui Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Analytical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; (S.J.); (G.B.); (J.S.); (Q.L.); (Q.W.); (Y.M.); (X.S.); (Q.L.); (X.W.); (X.S.)
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Analytical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; (S.J.); (G.B.); (J.S.); (Q.L.); (Q.W.); (Y.M.); (X.S.); (Q.L.); (X.W.); (X.S.)
| | - Qianbo Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Analytical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; (S.J.); (G.B.); (J.S.); (Q.L.); (Q.W.); (Y.M.); (X.S.); (Q.L.); (X.W.); (X.S.)
| | - Yuanqiu Mu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Analytical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; (S.J.); (G.B.); (J.S.); (Q.L.); (Q.W.); (Y.M.); (X.S.); (Q.L.); (X.W.); (X.S.)
| | - Xuepeng Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Analytical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; (S.J.); (G.B.); (J.S.); (Q.L.); (Q.W.); (Y.M.); (X.S.); (Q.L.); (X.W.); (X.S.)
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Analytical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; (S.J.); (G.B.); (J.S.); (Q.L.); (Q.W.); (Y.M.); (X.S.); (Q.L.); (X.W.); (X.S.)
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Analytical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; (S.J.); (G.B.); (J.S.); (Q.L.); (Q.W.); (Y.M.); (X.S.); (Q.L.); (X.W.); (X.S.)
| | - Xiaodan Song
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Analytical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; (S.J.); (G.B.); (J.S.); (Q.L.); (Q.W.); (Y.M.); (X.S.); (Q.L.); (X.W.); (X.S.)
| | - Zhibin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China;
| | - Chunjuan Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Analytical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; (S.J.); (G.B.); (J.S.); (Q.L.); (Q.W.); (Y.M.); (X.S.); (Q.L.); (X.W.); (X.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Gut Microbiota and Pharmacogenomics of Heilongjiang Province, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
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12
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Syed AU, Liang C, Patel KK, Mondal R, Kamalia VM, Moran TR, Ahmed ST, Mukherjee J. Comparison of Monoamine Oxidase-A, Aβ Plaques, Tau, and Translocator Protein Levels in Postmortem Human Alzheimer's Disease Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10808. [PMID: 37445985 PMCID: PMC10341404 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A) activity in Alzheimer's disease (AD) may be detrimental to the point of neurodegeneration. To assess MAO-A activity in AD, we compared four biomarkers, Aβ plaques, tau, translocator protein (TSPO), and MAO-A in postmortem AD. Radiotracers were [18F]FAZIN3 for MAO-A, [18F]flotaza and [125I]IBETA for Aβ plaques, [124/125I]IPPI for tau, and [18F]FEPPA for TSPO imaging. Brain sections of the anterior cingulate (AC; gray matter GM) and corpus callosum (CC; white matter WM) from cognitively normal control (CN, n = 6) and AD (n = 6) subjects were imaged using autoradiography and immunostaining. Using competition with clorgyline and (R)-deprenyl, the binding of [18F]FAZIN3 was confirmed to be selective to MAO-A levels in the AD brain sections. Increases in MAO-A, Aβ plaque, tau, and TSPO activity were found in the AD brains compared to the control brains. The [18F]FAZIN3 ratio in AD GM versus CN GM was 2.80, suggesting a 180% increase in MAO-A activity. Using GM-to-WM ratios of AD versus CN, a >50% increase in MAO-A activity was observed (AD/CN = 1.58). Linear positive correlations of [18F]FAZIN3 with [18F]flotaza, [125I]IBETA, and [125I]IPPI were measured and suggested an increase in MAO-A activity with increases in Aβ plaques and tau activity. Our results support the finding that MAO-A activity is elevated in the anterior cingulate cortex in AD and thus may provide a new biomarker for AD in this brain region.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jogeshwar Mukherjee
- Preclinical Imaging, Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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Chapelet G, Béguin N, Castellano B, Grit I, de Coppet P, Oullier T, Neunlist M, Blottière H, Rolli-Derkinderen M, Le Dréan G, Derkinderen P. Tau expression and phosphorylation in enteroendocrine cells. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1166848. [PMID: 37332860 PMCID: PMC10272410 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1166848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objective There is mounting evidence to suggest that the gut-brain axis is involved in the development of Parkinson's disease (PD). In this regard, the enteroendocrine cells (EEC), which faces the gut lumen and are connected with both enteric neurons and glial cells have received growing attention. The recent observation showing that these cells express alpha-synuclein, a presynaptic neuronal protein genetically and neuropathologically linked to PD came to reinforce the assumption that EEC might be a key component of the neural circuit between the gut lumen and the brain for the bottom-up propagation of PD pathology. Besides alpha-synuclein, tau is another key protein involved in neurodegeneration and converging evidences indicate that there is an interplay between these two proteins at both molecular and pathological levels. There are no existing studies on tau in EEC and therefore we set out to examine the isoform profile and phosphorylation state of tau in these cells. Methods Surgical specimens of human colon from control subjects were analyzed by immunohistochemistry using a panel of anti-tau antibodies together with chromogranin A and Glucagon-like peptide-1 (two EEC markers) antibodies. To investigate tau expression further, two EEC lines, namely GLUTag and NCI-H716 were analyzed by Western blot with pan-tau and tau isoform specific antibodies and by RT-PCR. Lambda phosphatase treatment was used to study tau phosphorylation in both cell lines. Eventually, GLUTag were treated with propionate and butyrate, two short chain fatty acids known to sense EEC, and analyzed at different time points by Western blot with an antibody specific for tau phosphorylated at Thr205. Results We found that tau is expressed and phosphorylated in EEC in adult human colon and that both EEC lines mainly express two tau isoforms that are phosphorylated under basal condition. Both propionate and butyrate regulated tau phosphorylation state by decreasing its phosphorylation at Thr205. Conclusion and inference Our study is the first to characterize tau in human EEC and in EEC lines. As a whole, our findings provide a basis to unravel the functions of tau in EEC and to further investigate the possibility of pathological changes in tauopathies and synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Chapelet
- Nantes Université, INSERM, CHU Nantes, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Disorders, Nantes, France
| | - Nora Béguin
- Nantes Université, INSERM, CHU Nantes, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Disorders, Nantes, France
| | | | - Isabelle Grit
- Nantes Université, INRAE, IMAD, CRNH-O, UMR 1280, PhAN, Nantes, France
| | - Pierre de Coppet
- Nantes Université, INRAE, IMAD, CRNH-O, UMR 1280, PhAN, Nantes, France
| | - Thibauld Oullier
- Nantes Université, INSERM, CHU Nantes, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Disorders, Nantes, France
| | - Michel Neunlist
- Nantes Université, INSERM, CHU Nantes, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Disorders, Nantes, France
| | - Hervé Blottière
- Nantes Université, INRAE, IMAD, CRNH-O, UMR 1280, PhAN, Nantes, France
| | - Malvyne Rolli-Derkinderen
- Nantes Université, INSERM, CHU Nantes, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Disorders, Nantes, France
| | - Gwenola Le Dréan
- Nantes Université, INRAE, IMAD, CRNH-O, UMR 1280, PhAN, Nantes, France
| | - Pascal Derkinderen
- Nantes Université, INSERM, CHU Nantes, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Disorders, Nantes, France
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Mondal R, Sandhu YK, Kamalia VM, Delaney BA, Syed AU, Nguyen GAH, Moran TR, Limpengco RR, Liang C, Mukherjee J. Measurement of Aβ Amyloid Plaques and Tau Protein in Postmortem Human Alzheimer’s Disease Brain by Autoradiography Using [18F]Flotaza, [125I]IBETA, [124/125I]IPPI and Immunohistochemistry Analysis Using QuPath. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041033. [PMID: 37189652 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
High-resolution scans of immunohistochemical (IHC) stains of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brain slices and radioligand autoradiography both provide information about the distribution of Aβ plaques and Tau, the two common proteinopathies in AD. Accurate assessment of the amount and regional location of Aβ plaques and Tau is essential to understand the progression of AD pathology. Our goal was to develop a quantitative method for the analysis of IHC–autoradiography images. Postmortem anterior cingulate (AC) and corpus callosum (CC) from AD and control (CN) subjects were IHC stained with anti-Aβ for Aβ plaques and autoradiography with [18F]flotaza and [125I]IBETA for Aβ plaques. For Tau, [124I]IPPI, a new radiotracer, was synthesized and evaluated in the AD brain. For Tau imaging, brain slices were IHC stained with anti-Tau and autoradiography using [125I]IPPI and [124I]IPPI. Annotations for Aβ plaques and Tau using QuPath for training and pixel classifiers were generated to measure the percent of the area of Aβ plaques and Tau in each slice. The binding of [124I]IPPI was observed in all AD brains with an AC/CC ratio > 10. Selectivity to Tau was shown by blocking [124I]IPPI with MK-6240. Percent positivity for Aβ plaques was 4–15%, and for Tau, it was 1.3 to 35%. All IHC Aβ plaque-positive subjects showed [18F]flotaza and [125I]IBETA binding with a positive linear correlation (r2 > 0.45). Tau-positive subjects showed [124/125I]IPPI binding with a stronger positive linear correlation (r2 > 0.80). This quantitative IHC–autoradiography approach provides an accurate measurement of Aβ plaques and Tau within and across subjects.
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15
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Arbaciauskaite M, Pirhanov A, Ammermann E, Lei Y, Cho YK. Yeast biopanning against site-specific phosphorylations in tau. Protein Eng Des Sel 2023; 36:gzad005. [PMID: 37294629 PMCID: PMC10281017 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzad005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The detection of site-specific phosphorylation in the microtubule-associated protein tau is emerging as a means to diagnose and monitor the progression of Alzheimer's Disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. However, there is a lack of phospho-specific monoclonal antibodies and limited validation of their binding specificity. Here, we report a novel approach using yeast biopanning against synthetic peptides containing site-specific phosphorylations. Using yeast cells displaying a previously validated phospho-tau (p-tau) single-chain variable region fragment (scFv), we show selective yeast cell binding based on single amino acid phosphorylation on the antigen. We identify conditions that allow phospho-specific biopanning using scFvs with a wide range of affinities (KD = 0.2 to 60 nM). Finally, we demonstrate the capability of screening large libraries by performing biopanning in 6-well plates. These results show that biopanning can effectively select yeast cells based on phospho-site specific antibody binding, opening doors for the facile identification of high-quality monoclonal antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Arbaciauskaite
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Azady Pirhanov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Erik Ammermann
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Yu Lei
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Yong Ku Cho
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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16
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Havlicek DF, Furhang R, Nikulina E, Smith-Salzberg B, Lawless S, Severin SA, Mallaboeva S, Nayab F, Seifert AC, Crary JF, Bergold PJ. A single closed head injury in male adult mice induces chronic, progressive white matter atrophy and increased phospho-tau expressing oligodendrocytes. Exp Neurol 2023; 359:114241. [PMID: 36240881 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) acutely damages the brain; this injury can evolve into chronic neurodegeneration. While much is known about the chronic effects arising from multiple mild TBIs, far less is known about the long-term effects of a single moderate to severe TBI. We found that a single moderate closed head injury to mice induces diffuse axonal injury within 1-day post-injury (DPI). At 14 DPI, injured animals have atrophy of ipsilesional cortex, thalamus, and corpus callosum, with bilateral atrophy of the dorsal fornix. Atrophy of the ipsilesional corpus callosum is accompanied by decreased fractional anisotropy and increased mean and radial diffusivity that remains unchanged between 14 and 180 DPI. Injured animals show an increased density of phospho-tau immunoreactive (pTau+) cells in the ipsilesional cortex and thalamus, and bilaterally in corpus callosum. Between 14 and 180 DPI, atrophy occurs in the ipsilesional ventral fornix, contralesional corpus callosum, and bilateral internal capsule. Diffusion tensor MRI parameters remain unchanged in white matter regions with delayed atrophy. Between 14 and 180 DPI, pTau+ cell density increases bilaterally in corpus callosum, but decreases in cortex and thalamus. The location of pTau+ cells within the ipsilesional corpus callosum changes between 14 and 180 DPI; density of all cells increases including pTau+ or pTau- cells. >90% of the pTau+ cells are in the oligodendrocyte lineage in both gray and white matter. Density of thioflavin-S+ cells in thalamus increases by 180 DPI. These data suggest a single closed head impact produces multiple forms of chronic neurodegeneration. Gray and white matter regions proximal to the impact site undergo early atrophy. More distal white matter regions undergo chronic, progressive white matter atrophy with an increasing density of oligodendrocytes containing pTau. These data suggest a complex chronic neurodegenerative process arising from a single moderate closed head injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F Havlicek
- School of Graduate Studies, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, United States of America
| | - Rachel Furhang
- School of Graduate Studies, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, United States of America
| | - Elena Nikulina
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, United States of America
| | - Bayle Smith-Salzberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, United States of America
| | - Siobhán Lawless
- School of Graduate Studies, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, United States of America
| | - Sasha A Severin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, United States of America
| | - Sevara Mallaboeva
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, United States of America
| | - Fizza Nayab
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, United States of America
| | - Alan C Seifert
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - John F Crary
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Peter J Bergold
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, United States of America.
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17
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Karimi N, Bayram Çatak F, Arslan E, Saghazadeh A, Rezaei N. Tau immunotherapy in Alzheimer’s disease and progressive supranuclear palsy. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 113:109445. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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18
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Mann G, Sulkshane P, Sadhu P, Ziv T, Glickman MH, Brik A. Antibody for Serine 65 Phosphorylated Ubiquitin Identifies PLK1-Mediated Phosphorylation of Mitotic Proteins and APC1. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154867. [PMID: 35956818 PMCID: PMC9369648 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Deciphering the protein posttranslational modification (PTM) code is one of the greatest biochemical challenges of our time. Phosphorylation and ubiquitylation are key PTMs that dictate protein function, recognition, sub-cellular localization, stability, turnover and fate. Hence, failures in their regulation leads to various disease. Chemical protein synthesis allows preparation of ubiquitinated and phosphorylated proteins to study their biochemical properties in great detail. However, monitoring these modifications in intact cells or in cell extracts mostly depends on antibodies, which often have off-target binding. Here, we report that the most widely used antibody for ubiquitin (Ub) phosphorylated at serine 65 (pUb) has significant off-targets that appear during mitosis. These off-targets are connected to polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) mediated phosphorylation of cell cycle-related proteins and the anaphase promoting complex subunit 1 (APC1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Mann
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel; (G.M.); (P.S.)
| | - Prasad Sulkshane
- Faculty of Biology, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel;
| | - Pradeep Sadhu
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel; (G.M.); (P.S.)
| | - Tamar Ziv
- The Smoler Protein Research Center, Lorry I. Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences and Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel;
| | - Michael H. Glickman
- Faculty of Biology, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel;
- Correspondence: (M.H.G.); (A.B.)
| | - Ashraf Brik
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel; (G.M.); (P.S.)
- Correspondence: (M.H.G.); (A.B.)
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19
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Campero-Garcia LA, Cantoral-Ceballos JA, Martinez-Maldonado A, Luna-Muñoz J, Ontiveros-Torres MA, Gutierrez-Rodriguez AE. A Novel Automatic Quantification Protocol for Biomarkers of Tauopathies in the Hippocampus and Entorhinal Cortex of Post-Mortem Samples Using an Extended Semi-Siamese U-Net. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11081131. [PMID: 36009757 PMCID: PMC9404816 DOI: 10.3390/biology11081131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Tauopathies is a term coined to describe an umbrella of disorders characterized by abnormal Tau polypeptide deposits in neurons, glial cells, and extracellular space. In this work, we propose a novel quantification protocol for the study of tauopathies based on the U-Net neural network architecture. We also compare the proposed method against other state of the art variations of the U-Net to test its efficacy. Abstract Efforts have been made to diagnose and predict the course of different neurodegenerative diseases through various imaging techniques. Particularly tauopathies, where the tau polypeptide is a key participant in molecular pathogenesis, have significantly increased their morbidity and mortality in the human population over the years. However, the standard approach to exploring the phenomenon of neurodegeneration in tauopathies has not been directed at understanding the molecular mechanism that causes the aberrant polymeric and fibrillar behavior of the tau protein, which forms neurofibrillary tangles that replace neuronal populations in the hippocampal and cortical regions. The main objective of this work is to implement a novel quantification protocol for different biomarkers based on pathological post-translational modifications undergone by tau in the brains of patients with tauopathies. The quantification protocol consists of an adaptation of the U-Net neural network architecture. We used the resulting segmentation masks for the quantification of combined fluorescent signals of the different molecular changes tau underwent in neurofibrillary tangles. The quantification considers the neurofibrillary tangles as an individual study structure separated from the rest of the quadrant present in the images. This allows us to detect unconventional interaction signals between the different biomarkers. Our algorithm provides information that will be fundamental to understanding the pathogenesis of dementias with another computational analysis approach in subsequent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A. Campero-Garcia
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (L.A.C.-G.); (J.A.C.-C.)
| | - Jose A. Cantoral-Ceballos
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (L.A.C.-G.); (J.A.C.-C.)
| | | | - Jose Luna-Muñoz
- Faculty of Higher Studies Cuautitlan, Biological Sciences, National Dementia BioBank, UNAM, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
- National Brain Bank-UNPHU, Universidad Nacional Pedro Henríquez Ureña, Santo Domingo 1423, Dominican Republic
| | - Miguel A. Ontiveros-Torres
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (L.A.C.-G.); (J.A.C.-C.)
- Correspondence: (M.A.O.-T.); (A.E.G.-R.)
| | - Andres E. Gutierrez-Rodriguez
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (L.A.C.-G.); (J.A.C.-C.)
- Institute for the Future of Education, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
- Correspondence: (M.A.O.-T.); (A.E.G.-R.)
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20
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Stefanoska K, Gajwani M, Tan ARP, Ahel HI, Asih PR, Volkerling A, Poljak A, Ittner A. Alzheimer's disease: Ablating single master site abolishes tau hyperphosphorylation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabl8809. [PMID: 35857446 PMCID: PMC9258953 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abl8809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Hyperphosphorylation of the neuronal tau protein is a hallmark of neurodegenerative tauopathies such as Alzheimer's disease. A central unanswered question is why tau becomes progressively hyperphosphorylated. Here, we show that tau phosphorylation is governed by interdependence- a mechanistic link between initial site-specific and subsequent multi-site phosphorylation. Systematic assessment of site interdependence identified distinct residues (threonine-50, threonine-69, and threonine-181) as master sites that determine propagation of phosphorylation at multiple epitopes. CRISPR point mutation and expression of human tau in Alzheimer's mice showed that site interdependence governs physiologic and amyloid-associated multi-site phosphorylation and cognitive deficits, respectively. Combined targeting of master sites and p38α, the most central tau kinase linked to interdependence, synergistically ablated hyperphosphorylation. In summary, our work delineates how complex tau phosphorylation arises to inform therapeutic and biomarker design for tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristie Stefanoska
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Corresponding author. (A.I.); (K.S.)
| | - Mehul Gajwani
- Dementia Research Centre, Faculty of Health, Human and Medical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton,Victoria, Australia
| | - Amanda R. P. Tan
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Holly I. Ahel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Human and Medical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Prita R. Asih
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Alexander Volkerling
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Anne Poljak
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Arne Ittner
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Corresponding author. (A.I.); (K.S.)
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21
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Feng Y, Jiang H, Li G, He G, Li X. Decreased Expression of Protein O-linked Mannose β 1,2-N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1 Contributes to Alzheimer's Disease-like Pathologies. J Neurophysiol 2022; 127:1067-1074. [PMID: 35320023 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00362.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is pathologically characterized by senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) and tau hyperphosphorylation, respectively. Mannosylation, a particular type of post-translational modification, may be involved in the pathogenesis of AD. However, its underlying mechanism remains unclear. Protein O-linked mannose β 1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1 (POMGnT1) catalyzes the formation of the N-acetylglucosamine β-1,2-Man linkage of O-mannosylglycan, which can increase the protein post-translational mannosylation level. The defective POMGnT1 gene leads to the hypomannosylation of proteins, which may cause cognitive decline in aged people. This study aimed to investigate whether POMGnT1 participated in the pathogenesis of AD and explore its underlying role using AD mouse and cell models. In this study, the expression of POMGnT1 was measured in AD models [β-amyloid precursor protein (APP)/presenilin-1 (PS1) transgenic mice, an AD mouse model; N2a cells stably transfected with Swedish mutant APP (N2a/APP), an AD cell model]. The results revealed that the expression of POMGnT1 decreased in AD mouse and cell models. Additionally, POMGnT1-overexpressing N2a/APP cells were built by retroviral transfection. POMGnT1 overexpression may lower Aβ levels by reducing APP production and downregulating β-and γ-secretase activities. It also promoted clearance of Aβ by upregulating insulin-degrading enzymes and ameliorated tau hyperphosphorylation. Hence, it was concluded that POMGnT1 was involved in the pathogenic process of AD. The decreased expression of POMGnT1 contributes to AD-like pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxue Feng
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hanxiao Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gongbo Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guiqiong He
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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22
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Perea JR, García E, Vallés-Saiz L, Cuadros R, Hernández F, Bolós M, Avila J. p38 activation occurs mainly in microglia in the P301S Tauopathy mouse model. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2130. [PMID: 35136118 PMCID: PMC8826411 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05980-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tauopathies are a group of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau protein in the brain. Many of these pathologies also present an inflammatory component determined by the activation of microglia, the resident immune cells of the brain. p38 MAPK is one of the molecular pathways involved in neuroinflammation. Although this kinase is expressed mainly in glia, its activation in certain neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's Disease has been associated with its ability to phosphorylate tau in neurons. Using the P301S Tauopathy mouse model, here we show that p38 activation increases during aging and that this occurs mainly in microglia of the hippocampus rather than in neurons. Furthermore, we have observed that these mice present an activated microglial variant called rod microglia. Interestingly, p38 activation in this subpopulation of microglia is decreased. On the basis of our findings, we propose that rod microglia might have a neuroprotective phenotype in the context of tau pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan R Perea
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM-CSIC) (Campus de Cantoblanco), 1 Nicolás Cabrera st, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Center for Networked Biomedical Research On Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther García
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM-CSIC) (Campus de Cantoblanco), 1 Nicolás Cabrera st, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Vallés-Saiz
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM-CSIC) (Campus de Cantoblanco), 1 Nicolás Cabrera st, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Cuadros
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM-CSIC) (Campus de Cantoblanco), 1 Nicolás Cabrera st, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Félix Hernández
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM-CSIC) (Campus de Cantoblanco), 1 Nicolás Cabrera st, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Center for Networked Biomedical Research On Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Bolós
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM-CSIC) (Campus de Cantoblanco), 1 Nicolás Cabrera st, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Center for Networked Biomedical Research On Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Avila
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM-CSIC) (Campus de Cantoblanco), 1 Nicolás Cabrera st, 28049, Madrid, Spain. .,Center for Networked Biomedical Research On Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain.
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23
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Forgrave LM, Wang M, Yang D, DeMarco ML. Proteoforms and their expanding role in laboratory medicine. Pract Lab Med 2022; 28:e00260. [PMID: 34950758 PMCID: PMC8672040 DOI: 10.1016/j.plabm.2021.e00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The term “proteoforms” describes the range of different structures of a protein product of a single gene, including variations in amino acid sequence and post-translational modifications. This diversity in protein structure contributes to the biological complexity observed in living organisms. As the concentration of a particular proteoform may increase or decrease in abnormal physiological states, proteoforms have long been used in medicine as biomarkers of health and disease. Notably, the analytical approaches used to analyze proteoforms have evolved considerably over the years. While ligand binding methods continue to play a large role in proteoform measurement in the clinical laboratory, unanticipated or unknown post-translational modifications and sequence variants can upend even extensively tested and vetted assays that have successfully made it through the medical regulatory process. As an alternate approach, mass spectrometry—with its high molecular selectivity—has become an essential tool in detection, characterization, and quantification of proteoforms in biological fluids and tissues. This review explores the analytical techniques used for proteoform detection and quantification, with an emphasis on mass spectrometry and its various applications in clinical research and patient care including, revealing new biomarker targets, helping improve the design of contemporary ligand binding in vitro diagnostics, and as mass spectrometric laboratory developed tests used in routine patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M. Forgrave
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - David Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mari L. DeMarco
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, St. Paul's Hospital, Providence Health Care, 1081 Burrard St, Vancouver, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
- Corresponding author. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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24
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Di Meo D, Ravindran P, Sadhanasatish T, Dhumale P, Püschel AW. The balance of mitochondrial fission and fusion in cortical axons depends on the kinases SadA and SadB. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110141. [PMID: 34936879 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurons are highly polarized cells that display characteristic differences in the organization of their organelles in axons and dendrites. The kinases SadA and SadB (SadA/B) promote the formation of distinct axonal and dendritic extensions during the development of cortical and hippocampal neurons. Here, we show that SadA/B are required for the specific dynamics of axonal mitochondria. Ankyrin B (AnkB) stimulates the activity of SadA/B that function as regulators of mitochondrial dynamics through the phosphorylation of tau. Suppression of SadA/B or AnkB in cortical neurons induces the elongation of mitochondria by disrupting the balance of fission and fusion. SadA/B-deficient neurons show an accumulation of hyper-fused mitochondria and activation of the integrated stress response (ISR). The normal dynamics of axonal mitochondria could be restored by mild actin destabilization. Thus, the elongation after loss of SadA/B results from an excessive stabilization of actin filaments and reduction of Drp1 recruitment to mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danila Di Meo
- Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Schloßplatz 5, 48149 Münster, Germany; Cells-in-Motion Interfaculty Center, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Priyadarshini Ravindran
- Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Schloßplatz 5, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Tanmay Sadhanasatish
- Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Schloßplatz 5, 48149 Münster, Germany; Cells-in-Motion Interfaculty Center, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Pratibha Dhumale
- Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Schloßplatz 5, 48149 Münster, Germany; Cells-in-Motion Interfaculty Center, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas W Püschel
- Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Schloßplatz 5, 48149 Münster, Germany; Cells-in-Motion Interfaculty Center, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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25
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Limorenko G, Lashuel HA. Revisiting the grammar of Tau aggregation and pathology formation: how new insights from brain pathology are shaping how we study and target Tauopathies. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 51:513-565. [PMID: 34889934 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00127b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Converging evidence continues to point towards Tau aggregation and pathology formation as central events in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and other Tauopathies. Despite significant advances in understanding the morphological and structural properties of Tau fibrils, many fundamental questions remain about what causes Tau to aggregate in the first place. The exact roles of cofactors, Tau post-translational modifications, and Tau interactome in regulating Tau aggregation, pathology formation, and toxicity remain unknown. Recent studies have put the spotlight on the wide gap between the complexity of Tau structures, aggregation, and pathology formation in the brain and the simplicity of experimental approaches used for modeling these processes in research laboratories. Embracing and deconstructing this complexity is an essential first step to understanding the role of Tau in health and disease. To help deconstruct this complexity and understand its implication for the development of effective Tau targeting diagnostics and therapies, we firstly review how our understanding of Tau aggregation and pathology formation has evolved over the past few decades. Secondly, we present an analysis of new findings and insights from recent studies illustrating the biochemical, structural, and functional heterogeneity of Tau aggregates. Thirdly, we discuss the importance of adopting new experimental approaches that embrace the complexity of Tau aggregation and pathology as an important first step towards developing mechanism- and structure-based therapies that account for the pathological and clinical heterogeneity of Alzheimer's disease and Tauopathies. We believe that this is essential to develop effective diagnostics and therapies to treat these devastating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Limorenko
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Federal de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Hilal A Lashuel
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Federal de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Marotta NP, Ara J, Uemura N, Lougee MG, Meymand ES, Zhang B, Petersson EJ, Trojanowski JQ, Lee VMY. Alpha-synuclein from patient Lewy bodies exhibits distinct pathological activity that can be propagated in vitro. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2021; 9:188. [PMID: 34819159 PMCID: PMC8611971 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-021-01288-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Lewy bodies (LBs) are complex, intracellular inclusions that are common pathological features of many neurodegenerative diseases. They consist largely of aggregated forms of the protein alpha-Synuclein (α-Syn), which misfolds to give rise to beta-sheet rich amyloid fibrils. The aggregation of monomers into fibrils occurs readily in vitro and pre-formed fibrils (PFFs) generated from recombinant α-Syn monomers are the basis of many models of LB diseases. These α-Syn PFFs recapitulate many pathological phenotypes in both cultured cells and animal models including the formation of α-Syn rich, insoluble aggregates, neuron loss, and motor deficits. However, it is not clear how closely α-Syn PFFs recapitulate the biological behavior of LB aggregates isolated directly from patients. Direct interrogation of the cellular response to LB-derived α-Syn has thus far been limited. Here we demonstrate that α-Syn aggregates derived from LB disease patients induce pathology characterized by a prevalence of large somatic inclusions that is distinct from the primarily neuritic pathology induced by α-Syn PFFs in our cultured neuron model. Moreover, these LB-derived aggregates can be amplified in vitro using recombinant α-Syn to generate aggregates that maintain the unique, somatic pathological phenotype of the original material. Amplified LB aggregates also showed greater uptake in cultured neurons and greater pathological burden and more rapid pathological spread in injected mouse brains, compared to α-Syn PFFs. Our work indicates that LB-derived α-Syn from diseased brains represents a distinct conformation species with unique biological activities that has not been previously observed in fully recombinant α-Syn aggregates and demonstrate a new strategy for improving upon α-Syn PFF models of synucleinopathies using amplified LBs.
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Limorenko G, Lashuel HA. To target Tau pathologies, we must embrace and reconstruct their complexities. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 161:105536. [PMID: 34718129 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of hyperphosphorylated fibrillar Tau aggregates in the brain is one of the defining hallmarks of Tauopathy diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. However, the primary events or molecules responsible for initiation of the pathological Tau aggregation and spreading remain unknown. The discovery of heparin as an effective inducer of Tau aggregation in vitro was instrumental to enabling different lines of research into the role of Tau aggregation in the pathogenesis of Tauopathies. However, recent proteomics and cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) studies have revealed that heparin-induced Tau fibrils generated in vitro do not reproduce the biochemical and ultrastructural properties of disease-associated brain-derived Tau fibrils. These observations demand that we reassess our current approaches for investigating the mechanisms underpinning Tau aggregation and pathology formation. Our review article presents an up-to-date survey and analyses of 1) the evolution of our understanding of the interactions between Tau and heparin, 2) the various structural and mechanistic models of the heparin-induced Tau aggregation, 3) the similarities and differences between brain-derived and heparin-induced Tau fibrils; and 4) emerging concepts on the biochemical and structural determinants underpinning Tau pathological heterogeneity in Tauopathies. Our analyses identify specific knowledge gaps and call for 1) embracing the complexities of Tau pathologies; 2) reassessment of current approaches to investigate, model and reproduce pathological Tau aggregation as it occurs in the brain; 3) more research towards a better understanding of the naturally-occurring cofactor molecules that are associated with Tau brain pathology initiation and propagation; and 4) developing improved approaches for in vitro production of the Tau aggregates and fibrils that recapitulate and/or amplify the biochemical and structural complexity and diversity of pathological Tau in Tauopathies. This will result in better and more relevant tools, assays, and mechanistic models, which could significantly improve translational research and the development of drugs and antibodies that have higher chances for success in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Limorenko
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Federal de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hilal A Lashuel
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Federal de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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28
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Kim SH, Farrell K, Cosentino S, Vonsattel JPG, Faust PL, Cortes EP, Bennet DA, Louis ED, Crary JF. Tau Isoform Profile in Essential Tremor Diverges From Other Tauopathies. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2021; 80:835-843. [PMID: 34363663 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlab073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with essential tremor (ET) frequently develop concurrent dementia, which is often assumed to represent co-morbid Alzheimer disease (AD). Autopsy studies have identified a spectrum of tau pathologies in ET and tau isoforms have not been examined in ET. We performed immunoblotting using autopsy cerebral cortical tissue from patients with ET (n = 13), progressive supranuclear palsy ([PSP], n = 10), Pick disease ([PiD], n = 2), and AD (n = 7). Total tau in ET samples was similar to that in PSP and PiD but was significantly lower than that in AD. Abnormal tau levels measured using the AT8 phospho-tau specific (S202/T205/S208) monoclonal antibody in ET were similar to those in PSP but were lower than in PiD and AD. In aggregates, tau with 3 microtubule-binding domain repeats (3R) was significantly higher in AD than ET, while tau with 4 repeats (4R) was significantly higher in PSP. Strikingly, the total tau without N-terminal inserts in ET was significantly lower than in PSP, PiD, and AD, but total tau with other N-terminal inserts was not. Monomeric tau with one insert in ET was similar to that in PSP and PiD was lower than in AD. Thus, ET brains exhibit an expression profile of tau protein isoforms that diverges from that of other tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soong Ho Kim
- From the Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA (SHK, KF, EC, JFC).,Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA (SHK, JFC).,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA (SHK, KF, EC, JFC).,Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA (SHK, KF, EC, JFC)
| | - Kurt Farrell
- From the Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA (SHK, KF, EC, JFC).,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA (SHK, KF, EC, JFC).,Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA (SHK, KF, EC, JFC)
| | - Stephanie Cosentino
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA (SC); G.H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA (SC, JPV).,Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA (SC, JPV)
| | - Jean-Paul G Vonsattel
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA (SC); G.H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA (SC, JPV).,Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA (SC, JPV).,Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA (JPV, PLF)
| | - Phyllis L Faust
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA (JPV, PLF)
| | - Etty P Cortes
- From the Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA (SHK, KF, EC, JFC).,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA (SHK, KF, EC, JFC).,Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA (SHK, KF, EC, JFC).,Neuropathology Brain Bank & Research CoRE, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA (EC, JFC)
| | - David A Bennet
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA (DAB)
| | - Elan D Louis
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA (EDL)
| | - John F Crary
- From the Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA (SHK, KF, EC, JFC).,Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA (SHK, JFC).,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA (SHK, KF, EC, JFC).,Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA (SHK, KF, EC, JFC).,Neuropathology Brain Bank & Research CoRE, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA (EC, JFC)
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29
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Laflamme C, Edwards AM, Bandrowski AE, McPherson PS. Opinion: Independent third-party entities as a model for validation of commercial antibodies. N Biotechnol 2021; 65:1-8. [PMID: 34246180 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A vast array of commercial antibodies covers a large percentage of human gene products, but determining which among them is most appropriate for any given application is challenging. This leads to use of non-specific antibodies that contributes to issues with reproducibility. It is our opinion that the community of scientists who use commercial antibodies in their biomedical research would benefit from third-party antibody characterization entities that use standardized operating procedures to assess and compare antibody performance. Ideally, such entities would follow the principles of open science, such that all antibodies against any given protein target would be tested in parallel, and all data generated released to the public domain without bias. Furthermore, there should be no financial incentive for the entity beyond cost-recovery. Such non-profit organizations, combined with other scientific efforts, could catalyse new discoveries by providing scientists with better validated antibody tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Laflamme
- Tanenbaum Open Science Institute, Structural Genomics Consortium, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Aled M Edwards
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Anita E Bandrowski
- Center for Research in Biological Systems, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Peter S McPherson
- Tanenbaum Open Science Institute, Structural Genomics Consortium, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
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30
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Zhou R, Hu W, Dai CL, Gong CX, Iqbal K, Zhu D, Liu F. Expression of Microtubule Associated Protein Tau in Mouse Pancreatic Islets Is Restricted to Autonomic Nerve Fibers. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 75:1339-1349. [PMID: 32417779 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence from clinical studies and basic research has shown a strong correlation between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes. Tau, a neuronal microtubule-associated protein, is hyperphosphorylated and aggregated into neurofibrillary tangles in the AD brain. However, the expression of tau in pancreas is under debate. OBJECTIVE We determined the expression of tau in mouse pancreas. METHODS We used western blots, immunoprecipitation, and immunohistochemical staining to analyze pancreatic expression of tau in mice. RESULTS We found that neither total tau nor phosphorylated tau was detectable in the mouse pancreas by western blots. Immunostaining with pan tau antibodies R134d and Tau-5 revealed bright and dense varicosities in the pancreatic islets and the exocrine pancreas. These varicosities were immunoreactive to synapsin 1, a presynaptic marker which can outline autonomic nerve profiles in pancreas, exhibiting complete colocalization with tau. Importantly, endocrine cells in islets did not exhibit specific immunoreactivity to any of pan tau antibodies tested, nor did the exocrine cells. CONCLUSION In the mouse pancreas, we found that tau is exclusively expressed in autonomic nerve fibers, but there is no detectable expression in endocrine cells in the islet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA.,Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education of China, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen Hu
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Chun-Ling Dai
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Cheng-Xin Gong
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Khalid Iqbal
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Dalong Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
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31
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Dong Y, Liang F, Huang L, Fang F, Yang G, Tanzi RE, Zhang Y, Quan Q, Xie Z. The anesthetic sevoflurane induces tau trafficking from neurons to microglia. Commun Biol 2021; 4:560. [PMID: 33980987 PMCID: PMC8115254 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02047-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulation and spread of tau in Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies occur in a prion-like manner. However, the mechanisms and downstream consequences of tau trafficking remain largely unknown. We hypothesized that tau traffics from neurons to microglia via extracellular vesicles (EVs), leading to IL-6 generation and cognitive impairment. We assessed mice and neurons treated with anesthetics sevoflurane and desflurane, and applied nanobeam-sensor technology, an ultrasensitive method, to measure tau/p-tau amounts. Sevoflurane, but not desflurane, increased tau or p-tau amounts in blood, neuron culture medium, or EVs. Sevoflurane increased p-tau amounts in brain interstitial fluid. Microglia from tau knockout mice took up tau and p-tau when treated with sevoflurane-conditioned neuron culture medium, leading to IL-6 generation. Tau phosphorylation inhibitor lithium and EVs generation inhibitor GW4869 attenuated tau trafficking. GW4869 mitigated sevoflurane-induced cognitive impairment in mice. Thus, tau trafficking could occur from neurons to microglia to generate IL-6, leading to cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanlin Dong
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Feng Liang
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Lining Huang
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China
| | - Fang Fang
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rudolph E Tanzi
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Yiying Zhang
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Qimin Quan
- Rowland Institute at Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- NanoMosaic, Woburn, MA, USA
| | - Zhongcong Xie
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.
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32
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Tao D, Xu M, Farkhondeh A, Burns AP, Rodems S, Might M, Zheng W, LeClair CA. High-throughput protein modification quantitation analysis using intact protein MRM and its application on hENGase inhibitor screening. Talanta 2021; 231:122384. [PMID: 33965046 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Proteins are widely used as drug targets, enzyme substrates, and biomarkers for numerous diseases. The emerging demand for proteins quantitation has been increasing in multiple fields. Currently, there is still a big gap for high-throughput protein quantitation at intact protein level using label-free method. Here we choose ribonuclease B (RNB) as a model, which is the substrate for human endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (hENGase), a promising drug target for the treatment of N-Glycanase deficiency. Intact proteinlevel multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) methods were initally developed and optimized to quantify RNB and deglycosylated RNB (RNB-deg), with the S/N ratio improved by nearly 20-fold compared to the traditional full MS scan methods. To further increase the throughput making it possible for hENGase inhibitors screen, the protein MRM methods were introduced to the RapidFire-MS/MS system, achieving at least 12-fold throughput improvement. This assay was further optimized into 384-well plate format for compound screening with S/B ratio >37-fold and Z' factor >0.7 that is suitable for high-throughput screening of compound collections with a speed of 2 h per 384-well plate and an ability to screen over 3000 compounds per day at a single concentration dose. This 384-well plate based automated SPE-MS/MS assay is efficient and robust for compound screening and the assay format has a wide applicability to protein targets for other disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingyin Tao
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.
| | - Miao Xu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Atena Farkhondeh
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Andrew P Burns
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | | | - Matthew Might
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35210, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Christopher A LeClair
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.
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Tau Is Truncated in Five Regions of the Normal Adult Human Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073521. [PMID: 33805376 PMCID: PMC8036332 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The truncation of Tau is thought to be important in promoting aggregation, with this feature characterising the pathology of dementias such as Alzheimer disease. Antibodies to the C-terminal and N-terminal regions of Tau were employed to examine Tau cleavage in five human brain regions: the entorhinal cortex, prefrontal cortex, motor cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum. These were obtained from normal subjects ranging in age from 18 to 104 years. Tau fragments of approximately 40 kDa and 45 kDa with an intact N-terminus retained were found in soluble and insoluble brain fractions. In addition, smaller C-terminal Tau fragments ranging in mass from 17 kDa to 25 kDa were also detected. These findings are consistent with significant Tau cleavage taking place in brain regions from 18 years onwards. It appears that site-specific cleavage of Tau is widespread in the normal human brain, and that large Tau fragments that contain the N-terminus, as well as shorter C-terminal Tau fragments, are present in brain cells across the age range.
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Arbaciauskaite M, Lei Y, Cho YK. High-specificity antibodies and detection methods for quantifying phosphorylated tau from clinical samples. Antib Ther 2021; 4:34-44. [PMID: 33928234 PMCID: PMC7944500 DOI: 10.1093/abt/tbab004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to measure total and phosphorylated tau levels in clinical samples is transforming the detection of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases. In particular, recent reports indicate that accurate detection of low levels of phosphorylated tau (p-tau) in plasma provides a reliable biomarker of AD long before sensing memory loss. Therefore, the diagnosis and monitoring of neurodegenerative diseases progression using blood samples is becoming a reality. These major advances were achieved by using antibodies specific to p-tau as well as sophisticated high-sensitivity immunoassay platforms. This review focuses on these enabling advances in high-specificity antibody development, engineering, and novel signal detection methods. We will draw insights from structural studies on p-tau antibodies, engineering efforts to improve their binding properties, and efforts to validate their specificity. A comprehensive survey of high-sensitivity p-tau immunoassay platforms along with sensitivity limits will be provided. We conclude that although robust approaches for detecting certain p-tau species have been established, systematic efforts to validate antibodies for assay development is still needed for the recognition of biomarkers for AD and other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Arbaciauskaite
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Yu Lei
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Yong Ku Cho
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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35
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Yang CC, Luo Y, Guo KW, Zheng CC, Li L, Zhang L. Cornel Iridoid Glycoside Regulates Modification of Tau and Alleviates Synaptic Abnormalities in Aged P301S Mice. Curr Med Sci 2021; 40:1040-1046. [PMID: 33428131 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-020-2285-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), also defined as a tauopathology, is a common neurodegenerative disease. Hyper-phosphorylation, cleavage or truncation, and aggregation of tau contribute to AD. Thus, targeting the post-translational modifications on tau may be a therapeutic strategy to treat AD. This study understood how cornel iridoid glycoside (CIG) affects tau post-translational modifications and synaptic abnormalities. The 10-month old P301S tau transgenic mice were given CIG at 100 and 200 mg/kg every day orally for 1 month. Hyperphosphorylated and truncated tau, synapse-associated proteins and glutamatergic receptors were all detected using Western blotting. The interactions between Morroniside (MOR) or Loganin (LOG) and tau were detected using Autodock and Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR). The effects of CIG on the aggregation of tau were investigated using a cell-free system. CIG attenuated tau hyperphosphorylation at Thr205, Ser212, Ser262, Thr231 and Ser235 (AT180), but had no effect on tau truncation in the brains of 10-month old P301S mice. Binding free energies and interactions revealed that MOR and LOG bound with tau. We also found that CIG upregulated synapse-associated proteins such as PSD-95, syntaxin1A and synaptotagmin. In addition, CIG restored N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor and glutamate receptor levels. CIG improves post-translational modification of tau as well as synaptic abnormalities. The data presented here reveal that CIG may be used in the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Cui Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nervous System Drugs, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nervous System Drugs, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Kai-Wen Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nervous System Drugs, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Ceng-Ceng Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nervous System Drugs, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nervous System Drugs, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nervous System Drugs, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100053, China.
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36
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Karikari TK, Emeršič A, Vrillon A, Lantero-Rodriguez J, Ashton NJ, Kramberger MG, Dumurgier J, Hourregue C, Čučnik S, Brinkmalm G, Rot U, Zetterberg H, Paquet C, Blennow K. Head-to-head comparison of clinical performance of CSF phospho-tau T181 and T217 biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis. Alzheimers Dement 2020; 17:755-767. [PMID: 33252199 PMCID: PMC8246793 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Phosphorylated tau (p‐tau) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is an established Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarker. Novel immunoassays targeting N‐terminal and mid‐region p‐tau181 and p‐tau217 fragments are available, but head‐to‐head comparison in clinical settings is lacking. Methods N‐terminal‐directed p‐tau217 (N‐p‐tau217), N‐terminal‐directed p‐tau181 (N‐p‐tau181), and standard mid‐region p‐tau181 (Mid‐p‐tau181) biomarkers in CSF were evaluated in three cohorts (n = 503) to assess diagnostic performance, concordance, and associations with amyloid beta (Aβ). Results CSF N‐p‐tau217 and N‐p‐tau181 had better concordance (88.2%) than either with Mid‐p‐tau181 (79.7%–82.7%). N‐p‐tau217 and N‐p‐tau181 were significantly increased in early mild cognitive impairment (MCI)‐AD (A+T–N–) without changes in Mid‐p‐tau181 until AD‐dementia. N‐p‐tau217 and N‐p‐tau181 identified Aβ pathophysiology (area under the curve [AUC] = 94.8%–97.1%) and distinguished MCI‐AD from non‐AD MCI (AUC = 82.6%–90.5%) signficantly better than Mid‐p‐tau181 (AUC = 91.2% and 70.6%, respectively). P‐tau biomarkers equally differentiated AD from non‐AD dementia (AUC = 99.1%–99.8%). Discussion N‐p‐tau217 and N‐p‐tau181 could improve diagnostic accuracy in prodromal‐AD and clinical trial recruitment as both identify Aβ pathophysiology and differentiate early MCI‐AD better than Mid‐p‐tau181.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas K Karikari
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andreja Emeršič
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Agathe Vrillon
- Université de Paris, Cognitive Neurology Center, GHU Nord APHP Hospital Lariboisière Fernand Widal, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Inserm UMR S11-44 Therapeutic Optimization in Neuropsychopharmacology, Paris, France
| | - Juan Lantero-Rodriguez
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nicholas J Ashton
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health & Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London & Maudsley NHS Foundation, London, UK
| | - Milica Gregorič Kramberger
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Julien Dumurgier
- Université de Paris, Cognitive Neurology Center, GHU Nord APHP Hospital Lariboisière Fernand Widal, Paris, France
| | - Claire Hourregue
- Université de Paris, Cognitive Neurology Center, GHU Nord APHP Hospital Lariboisière Fernand Widal, Paris, France
| | - Saša Čučnik
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gunnar Brinkmalm
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Uroš Rot
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
| | - Claire Paquet
- Université de Paris, Cognitive Neurology Center, GHU Nord APHP Hospital Lariboisière Fernand Widal, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Inserm UMR S11-44 Therapeutic Optimization in Neuropsychopharmacology, Paris, France
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
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Suárez-Calvet M, Karikari TK, Ashton NJ, Lantero Rodríguez J, Milà-Alomà M, Gispert JD, Salvadó G, Minguillon C, Fauria K, Shekari M, Grau-Rivera O, Arenaza-Urquijo EM, Sala-Vila A, Sánchez-Benavides G, González-de-Echávarri JM, Kollmorgen G, Stoops E, Vanmechelen E, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Molinuevo JL. Novel tau biomarkers phosphorylated at T181, T217 or T231 rise in the initial stages of the preclinical Alzheimer's continuum when only subtle changes in Aβ pathology are detected. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 12:e12921. [PMID: 33169916 PMCID: PMC7721364 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202012921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease (AD), tau phosphorylation in the brain and its subsequent release into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood is a dynamic process that changes during disease evolution. The main aim of our study was to characterize the pattern of changes in phosphorylated tau (p-tau) in the preclinical stage of the Alzheimer's continuum. We measured three novel CSF p-tau biomarkers, phosphorylated at threonine-181 and threonine-217 with an N-terminal partner antibody and at threonine-231 with a mid-region partner antibody. These were compared with an automated mid-region p-tau181 assay (Elecsys) as the gold standard p-tau measure. We demonstrate that these novel p-tau biomarkers increase more prominently in preclinical Alzheimer, when only subtle changes of amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology are detected, and can accurately differentiate Aβ-positive from Aβ-negative cognitively unimpaired individuals. Moreover, we show that the novel plasma N-terminal p-tau181 biomarker is mildly but significantly increased in the preclinical stage. Our results support the idea that early changes in neuronal tau metabolism in preclinical Alzheimer, likely in response to Aβ exposure, can be detected with these novel p-tau assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Suárez-Calvet
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.,IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.,Servei de Neurologia, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de sFragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Thomas K Karikari
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nicholas J Ashton
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health & Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London & Maudsley NHS Foundation, London, UK
| | - Juan Lantero Rodríguez
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marta Milà-Alomà
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.,IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de sFragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Domingo Gispert
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.,IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Salvadó
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.,IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carolina Minguillon
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.,IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de sFragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Karine Fauria
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de sFragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mahnaz Shekari
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.,IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oriol Grau-Rivera
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.,IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.,Servei de Neurologia, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de sFragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eider M Arenaza-Urquijo
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.,IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de sFragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Aleix Sala-Vila
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.,IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Sánchez-Benavides
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.,IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de sFragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Maria González-de-Echávarri
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.,IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - José Luis Molinuevo
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.,IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de sFragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
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Perea JR, Bolós M, Avila J. Microglia in Alzheimer's Disease in the Context of Tau Pathology. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10101439. [PMID: 33066368 PMCID: PMC7602223 DOI: 10.3390/biom10101439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are the cells that comprise the innate immune system in the brain. First described more than a century ago, these cells were initially assigned a secondary role in the central nervous system (CNS) with respect to the protagonists, neurons. However, the latest advances have revealed the complexity and importance of microglia in neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common form of dementia associated with aging. This pathology is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ), which forms senile plaques in the neocortex, as well as by the aggregation of hyperphosphorylated tau protein, a process that leads to the development of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Over the past few years, efforts have been focused on studying the interaction between Aβ and microglia, together with the ability of the latter to decrease the levels of this peptide. Given that most clinical trials following this strategy have failed, current endeavors focus on deciphering the molecular mechanisms that trigger the tau-induced inflammatory response of microglia. In this review, we summarize the most recent studies on the physiological and pathological functions of tau protein and microglia. In addition, we analyze the impact of microglial AD-risk genes (APOE, TREM2, and CD33) in tau pathology, and we discuss the role of extracellular soluble tau in neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ramón Perea
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC-UAM), 1 Nicolás Cabrera, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (J.R.P.); (M.B.)
- Network Center for Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 5 Valderrebollo, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Bolós
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC-UAM), 1 Nicolás Cabrera, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (J.R.P.); (M.B.)
- Network Center for Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 5 Valderrebollo, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Avila
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC-UAM), 1 Nicolás Cabrera, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (J.R.P.); (M.B.)
- Network Center for Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 5 Valderrebollo, 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+34-196-4564
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39
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Yadikar H, Torres I, Aiello G, Kurup M, Yang Z, Lin F, Kobeissy F, Yost R, Wang KK. Screening of tau protein kinase inhibitors in a tauopathy-relevant cell-based model of tau hyperphosphorylation and oligomerization. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0224952. [PMID: 32692785 PMCID: PMC7373298 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tauopathies are a class of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by abnormal deposition of post-translationally modified tau protein in the human brain. Tauopathies are associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), and other diseases. Hyperphosphorylation increases tau tendency to aggregate and form neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), a pathological hallmark of AD. In this study, okadaic acid (OA, 100 nM), a protein phosphatase 1/2A inhibitor, was treated for 24h in mouse neuroblastoma (N2a) and differentiated rat primary neuronal cortical cell cultures (CTX) to induce tau-hyperphosphorylation and oligomerization as a cell-based tauopathy model. Following the treatments, the effectiveness of different kinase inhibitors was assessed using the tauopathy-relevant tau antibodies through tau-immunoblotting, including the sites: pSer202/pThr205 (AT8), pThr181 (AT270), pSer202 (CP13), pSer396/pSer404 (PHF-1), and pThr231 (RZ3). OA-treated samples induced tau phosphorylation and oligomerization at all tested epitopes, forming a monomeric band (46-67 kDa) and oligomeric bands (170 kDa and 240 kDa). We found that TBB (a casein kinase II inhibitor), AR and LiCl (GSK-3 inhibitors), cyclosporin A (calcineurin inhibitor), and Saracatinib (Fyn kinase inhibitor) caused robust inhibition of OA-induced monomeric and oligomeric p-tau in both N2a and CTX culture. Additionally, a cyclin-dependent kinase 5 inhibitor (Roscovitine) and a calcium chelator (EGTA) showed contrasting results between the two neuronal cultures. This study provides a comprehensive view of potential drug candidates (TBB, CsA, AR, and Saracatinib), and their efficacy against tau hyperphosphorylation and oligomerization processes. These findings warrant further experimentation, possibly including animal models of tauopathies, which may provide a putative Neurotherapy for AD, CTE, and other forms of tauopathy-induced neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamad Yadikar
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics & Biomarkers Research, Departments of Emergency Medicine, Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Laboratory Building, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Isabel Torres
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics & Biomarkers Research, Departments of Emergency Medicine, Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Gabrielle Aiello
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics & Biomarkers Research, Departments of Emergency Medicine, Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Milin Kurup
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics & Biomarkers Research, Departments of Emergency Medicine, Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Zhihui Yang
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics & Biomarkers Research, Departments of Emergency Medicine, Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Fan Lin
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics & Biomarkers Research, Departments of Emergency Medicine, Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics & Biomarkers Research, Departments of Emergency Medicine, Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Richard Yost
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Laboratory Building, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Kevin K. Wang
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics & Biomarkers Research, Departments of Emergency Medicine, Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Brain Rehabilitation Research Center, Malcom Randall VA Medical Center, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
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40
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Zhang Y, Zeng L. Crosstalk between Ubiquitination and Other Post-translational Protein Modifications in Plant Immunity. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2020; 1:100041. [PMID: 33367245 PMCID: PMC7748009 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2020.100041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are central to the modulation of protein activity, stability, subcellular localization, and interaction with partners. They greatly expand the diversity and functionality of the proteome and have taken the center stage as key players in regulating numerous cellular and physiological processes. Increasing evidence indicates that in addition to a single regulatory PTM, many proteins are modified by multiple different types of PTMs in an orchestrated manner to collectively modulate the biological outcome. Such PTM crosstalk creates a combinatorial explosion in the number of proteoforms in a cell and greatly improves the ability of plants to rapidly mount and fine-tune responses to different external and internal cues. While PTM crosstalk has been investigated in depth in humans, animals, and yeast, the study of interplay between different PTMs in plants is still at its infant stage. In the past decade, investigations showed that PTMs are widely involved and play critical roles in the regulation of interactions between plants and pathogens. In particular, ubiquitination has emerged as a key regulator of plant immunity. This review discusses recent studies of the crosstalk between ubiquitination and six other PTMs, i.e., phosphorylation, SUMOylation, poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation, acetylation, redox modification, and glycosylation, in the regulation of plant immunity. The two basic ways by which PTMs communicate as well as the underlying mechanisms and diverse outcomes of the PTM crosstalk in plant immunity are highlighted.
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41
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García-Chamé MÁ, Gutiérrez-Sanz Ó, Ercan-Herbst E, Haustein N, Filipiak MS, Ehrnhöfer DE, Tarasov A. A transistor-based label-free immunosensor for rapid detection of tau protein. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 159:112129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Ait-Bouziad N, Chiki A, Limorenko G, Xiao S, Eliezer D, Lashuel HA. Phosphorylation of the overlooked tyrosine 310 regulates the structure, aggregation, and microtubule- and lipid-binding properties of Tau. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:7905-7922. [PMID: 32341125 PMCID: PMC7278352 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.012517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The microtubule-associated protein Tau is implicated in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease. Increasing evidence suggests that post-translational modifications play critical roles in regulating Tau's normal functions and its pathogenic properties in tauopathies. Very little is known about how phosphorylation of tyrosine residues influences the structure, aggregation, and microtubule- and lipid-binding properties of Tau. Here, we sought to determine the relative contributions of phosphorylation of one or several of the five tyrosine residues in Tau (Tyr-18, -29, -197, -310, and -394) to the regulation of its biophysical, aggregation, and functional properties. We used a combination of site-specific mutagenesis and in vitro phosphorylation by c-Abl kinase to generate Tau species phosphorylated at all five tyrosine residues, all tyrosine residues except Tyr-310 or Tyr-394 (pTau-Y310F and pTau-Y394F, respectively) and Tau phosphorylated only at Tyr-310 or Tyr-394 (4F/pTyr-310 or 4F/pTyr-394). We observed that phosphorylation of all five tyrosine residues, multiple N-terminal tyrosine residues (Tyr-18, -29, and -197), or specific phosphorylation only at residue Tyr-310 abolishes Tau aggregation and inhibits its microtubule- and lipid-binding properties. NMR experiments indicated that these effects are mediated by a local decrease in β-sheet propensity of Tau's PHF6 domain. Our findings underscore Tyr-310 phosphorylation has a unique role in the regulation of Tau aggregation, microtubule, and lipid interactions. These results also highlight the importance of conducting further studies to elucidate the role of Tyr-310 in the regulation of Tau's normal functions and pathogenic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Ait-Bouziad
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anass Chiki
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Galina Limorenko
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Shifeng Xiao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Program in Structural Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - David Eliezer
- Department of Biochemistry and Program in Structural Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Hilal A Lashuel
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Voth S, Gwin M, Francis CM, Balczon R, Frank DW, Pittet JF, Wagener BM, Moser SA, Alexeyev M, Housley N, Audia JP, Piechocki S, Madera K, Simmons A, Crawford M, Stevens T. Virulent Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection converts antimicrobial amyloids into cytotoxic prions. FASEB J 2020; 34:9156-9179. [PMID: 32413239 PMCID: PMC7383673 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000051rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection elicits the production of cytotoxic amyloids from lung endothelium, yet molecular mechanisms of host‐pathogen interaction that underlie the amyloid production are not well understood. We examined the importance of type III secretion system (T3SS) effectors in the production of cytotoxic amyloids. P aeruginosa possessing a functional T3SS and effectors induced the production and release of cytotoxic amyloids from lung endothelium, including beta amyloid, and tau. T3SS effector intoxication was sufficient to generate cytotoxic amyloid release, yet intoxication with exoenzyme Y (ExoY) alone or together with exoenzymes S and T (ExoS/T/Y) generated the most virulent amyloids. Infection with lab and clinical strains engendered cytotoxic amyloids that were capable of being propagated in endothelial cell culture and passed to naïve cells, indicative of a prion strain. Conversely, T3SS‐incompetent P aeruginosa infection produced non‐cytotoxic amyloids with antimicrobial properties. These findings provide evidence that (1) endothelial intoxication with ExoY is sufficient to elicit self‐propagating amyloid cytotoxins during infection, (2) pulmonary endothelium contributes to innate immunity by generating antimicrobial amyloids in response to bacterial infection, and (3) ExoY contributes to the virulence arsenal of P aeruginosa through the subversion of endothelial amyloid host‐defense to promote a lung endothelial‐derived cytotoxic proteinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Voth
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA.,Center for Lung Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Meredith Gwin
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA.,Center for Lung Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Christopher Michael Francis
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA.,Center for Lung Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Ron Balczon
- Center for Lung Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Dara W Frank
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jean-Francois Pittet
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Brant M Wagener
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Stephen A Moser
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Mikhail Alexeyev
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA.,Center for Lung Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Nicole Housley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Jonathon P Audia
- Center for Lung Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Scott Piechocki
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Kayla Madera
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Autumn Simmons
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Michaela Crawford
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Troy Stevens
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA.,Center for Lung Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
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44
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Arakhamia T, Lee CE, Carlomagno Y, Duong DM, Kundinger SR, Wang K, Williams D, DeTure M, Dickson DW, Cook CN, Seyfried NT, Petrucelli L, Fitzpatrick AWP. Posttranslational Modifications Mediate the Structural Diversity of Tauopathy Strains. Cell 2020; 180:633-644.e12. [PMID: 32032505 PMCID: PMC7491959 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Tau aggregation into insoluble filaments is the defining pathological hallmark of tauopathies. However, it is not known what controls the formation and templated seeding of strain-specific structures associated with individual tauopathies. Here, we use cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to determine the structures of tau filaments from corticobasal degeneration (CBD) human brain tissue. Cryo-EM and mass spectrometry of tau filaments from CBD reveal that this conformer is heavily decorated with posttranslational modifications (PTMs), enabling us to map PTMs directly onto the structures. By comparing the structures and PTMs of tau filaments from CBD and Alzheimer's disease, it is found that ubiquitination of tau can mediate inter-protofilament interfaces. We propose a structure-based model in which cross-talk between PTMs influences tau filament structure, contributing to the structural diversity of tauopathy strains. Our approach establishes a framework for further elucidating the relationship between the structures of polymorphic fibrils, including their PTMs, and neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamta Arakhamia
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Christina E Lee
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yari Carlomagno
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Duc M Duong
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Sean R Kundinger
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Kevin Wang
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Dewight Williams
- John M. Cowley Center for High Resolution Electron Microscopy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Michael DeTure
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Dennis W Dickson
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Casey N Cook
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Nicholas T Seyfried
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | - Anthony W P Fitzpatrick
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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45
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Study on the Multitarget Synergistic Effects of Kai-Xin-San against Alzheimer's Disease Based on Systems Biology. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:1707218. [PMID: 31976026 PMCID: PMC6955139 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1707218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Kai-Xin-San (KXS), a classical Chinese traditional prescription, was widely applied in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD), while its functional mechanisms still remain unclear. By using systems biology approaches at animal, cellular, and molecular levels, the improvement of KXS on cognitive impairment was achieved by inhibiting abnormal acetylcholinesterase. The function on the nerve skeleton was performed by regulating the Tau phosphorylation pathway. Its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects by modulating the aberrant upregulation of ROS, proinflammatory factors, and apoptosis-related proteins in the brain were studied to reveal the synergistic therapeutic efficacy of KXS. Then, formula dismantling in vitro indicated that ginseng was the principal herb, whereas three other herbs served adjuvant roles to achieve the best effect. After that, the in vivo analysis of components into plasma and brain of AD rats showed that 8 of 23 components in blood and 4 of 10 components in brain were from ginseng, respectively, further verifying the principal status of ginseng and the synergistic effects of the formula. Thus, the anti-AD effects of KXS were achieved by multitargets and multichannels. The systems biology approaches presented here provide a novel way in traditional herbal medicine research.
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46
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Merezhko M, Brunello CA, Yan X, Vihinen H, Jokitalo E, Uronen RL, Huttunen HJ. Secretion of Tau via an Unconventional Non-vesicular Mechanism. Cell Rep 2019; 25:2027-2035.e4. [PMID: 30463001 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.10.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Tauopathies are characterized by cerebral accumulation of Tau protein aggregates that appear to spread throughout the brain via a cell-to-cell transmission process that includes secretion and uptake of pathological Tau, followed by templated misfolding of normal Tau in recipient cells. Here, we show that phosphorylated, oligomeric Tau clusters at the plasma membrane in N2A cells and is secreted in vesicle-free form in an unconventional process sensitive to changes in membrane properties, particularly cholesterol and sphingomyelin content. Cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans support Tau secretion, possibly by facilitating its release after membrane penetration. Notably, secretion of endogenous Tau from primary cortical neurons is mediated, at least partially, by a similar mechanism. We suggest that Tau is released from cells by an unconventional secretory mechanism that involves its phosphorylation and oligomerization and that membrane interaction may help Tau to acquire properties that allow its escape from cells directly through the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Merezhko
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Cecilia A Brunello
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Xu Yan
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Helena Vihinen
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eija Jokitalo
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka-Liisa Uronen
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henri J Huttunen
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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47
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Ercan-Herbst E, Ehrig J, Schöndorf DC, Behrendt A, Klaus B, Gomez Ramos B, Prat Oriol N, Weber C, Ehrnhoefer DE. A post-translational modification signature defines changes in soluble tau correlating with oligomerization in early stage Alzheimer's disease brain. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2019; 7:192. [PMID: 31796124 PMCID: PMC6892178 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-019-0823-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tau is a microtubule-binding protein that can receive various post-translational modifications (PTMs) including phosphorylation, methylation, acetylation, glycosylation, nitration, sumoylation and truncation. Hyperphosphorylation of tau is linked to its aggregation and the formation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), which are a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). While more than 70 phosphorylation sites have been detected previously on NFT tau, studies of oligomeric and detergent-soluble tau in human brains during the early stages of AD are lacking. Here we apply a comprehensive electrochemiluminescence ELISA assay to analyze twenty-five different PTM sites as well as tau oligomerization in control and sporadic AD brain. The samples were classified as Braak stages 0-I, II or III-IV, corresponding to the progression of microscopically detectable tau pathology throughout different brain regions. We found that soluble tau multimers are strongly increased at Braak stages III-IV in all brain regions under investigation, including the temporal cortex, which does not contain NFTs or misfolded oligomers at this stage of pathology. We additionally identified five phosphorylation sites that are specifically and consistently increased across the entorhinal cortex, hippocampus and temporal cortex in the same donors. Three of these sites correlate with tau multimerization in all three brain regions, but do not overlap with the epitopes of phospho-sensitive antibodies commonly used for the immunohistochemical detection of NFTs. Our results thus suggest that soluble multimers are characterized by a small set of specific phosphorylation events that differ from those dominating in mature NFTs. These findings shed light on early PTM changes of tau during AD pathogenesis in human brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Ercan-Herbst
- BioMed X Innovation Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 515, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens Ehrig
- B CUBE - Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universitaet Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - David C Schöndorf
- BioMed X Innovation Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 515, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Annika Behrendt
- BioMed X Innovation Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 515, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bernd Klaus
- Centre for Statistical Data Analysis, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Borja Gomez Ramos
- BioMed X Innovation Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 515, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Present address: Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, L-4367, Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Present address: Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Nuria Prat Oriol
- BioMed X Innovation Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 515, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Weber
- BioMed X Innovation Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 515, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dagmar E Ehrnhoefer
- BioMed X Innovation Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 515, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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48
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Metaxas A, Thygesen C, Kempf SJ, Anzalone M, Vaitheeswaran R, Petersen S, Landau AM, Audrain H, Teeling JL, Darvesh S, Brooks DJ, Larsen MR, Finsen B. Ageing and amyloidosis underlie the molecular and pathological alterations of tau in a mouse model of familial Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15758. [PMID: 31673052 PMCID: PMC6823454 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52357-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite compelling evidence that the accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) promotes neocortical MAPT (tau) aggregation in familial and idiopathic Alzheimer's disease (AD), murine models of cerebral amyloidosis are not considered to develop tau-associated pathology. In the present study, we show that tau can accumulate spontaneously in aged transgenic APPswe/PS1ΔE9 mice. Tau pathology is abundant around Aβ deposits, and further characterized by accumulation of Gallyas and thioflavin-S-positive inclusions, which were detected in the APPswe/PS1ΔE9 brain at 18 months of age. Age-dependent increases in argyrophilia correlated positively with binding levels of the paired helical filament (PHF) tracer [18F]Flortaucipir, in all brain areas examined. Sarkosyl-insoluble PHFs were visualized by electron microscopy. Quantitative proteomics identified sequences of hyperphosphorylated and three-repeat tau in transgenic mice, along with signs of RNA missplicing, ribosomal dysregulation and disturbed energy metabolism. Tissue from the frontal gyrus of human subjects was used to validate these findings, revealing primarily quantitative differences between the tau pathology observed in AD patient vs. transgenic mouse tissue. As physiological levels of endogenous, 'wild-type' tau aggregate secondarily to Aβ in APPswe/PS1ΔE9 mice, this study suggests that amyloidosis is both necessary and sufficient to drive tauopathy in experimental models of familial AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Metaxas
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark.
| | - Camilla Thygesen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Stefan J Kempf
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Marco Anzalone
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | | | - Sussanne Petersen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Anne M Landau
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET-Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hélène Audrain
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET-Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jessica L Teeling
- Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Sultan Darvesh
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Department of Medicine (Neurology and Geriatric Medicine), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - David J Brooks
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET-Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Division of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Martin R Larsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Bente Finsen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
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49
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Wang S, Cho YK. Yeast surface display of full-length human microtubule-associated protein tau. Biotechnol Prog 2019; 36:e2920. [PMID: 31581367 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Microtubule-associated protein tau is an intrinsically disordered, highly soluble protein found primarily in neurons. Under normal conditions, tau regulates the stability of axonal microtubules and intracellular vesicle transport. However, in patients of neurodegeneration such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), tau forms neurofibrillary deposits, which correlates well with the disease progression. Identifying molecular signatures in tau, such as posttranslational modification, truncation, and conformational change has great potential to detect earliest signs of neurodegeneration and develop therapeutic strategies. Here, we show that full-length human tau, including the longest isoform found in the adult brain, can be robustly displayed on the surface of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast-displayed tau binds to anti-tau antibodies that cover epitopes ranging from the N-terminus to the 4R repeat region. Unlike tau expressed in the yeast cytosol, surface-displayed tau was not phosphorylated at sites found in AD patients (probed by antibodies AT8, AT270, AT180, and PHF-1). However, yeast-displayed tau showed clear binding to paired helical filament (PHF) tau conformation-specific antibodies Alz-50, MC-1, and Tau-2. Although the tau possessed a conformation found in PHFs, oligomerization or aggregation into larger filaments was undetected. Taken together, yeast-displayed tau enables robust measurement of protein interactions and is of particular interest for characterizing conformational change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyao Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for Systems Genomics, CT Institute for the Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
| | - Yong Ku Cho
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for Systems Genomics, CT Institute for the Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Systems Genomics, CT Institute for the Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
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50
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Hefti MM, Kim S, Bell AJ, Betters RK, Fiock KL, Iida MA, Smalley ME, Farrell K, Fowkes ME, Crary JF. Tau Phosphorylation and Aggregation in the Developing Human Brain. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2019; 78:930-938. [PMID: 31504677 PMCID: PMC6751069 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlz073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tau hyperphosphorylation, mostly at serine (Ser) or threonine (Thr) residues, plays a key role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease (AD) and other tauopathies. Rodent studies show similar hyperphosphorylation in the developing brain, which may be involved in regulating axonal growth and plasticity, but detailed human studies are lacking. Here, we examine tau phosphorylation by immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting in human fetal and adult autopsy brain tissue. Of the 20 cases with sufficient tissue preservation, 18 (90%) showed positive staining for S214 (pSer214), with the majority also positive for CP13 (pSer202), and PHF-1 (pSer396/pSer404). AT8 (pSer202/pThr205) and RZ3 (pThr231) were largely negative while PG5 (pSer409) was negative in all cases. Immunoblotting showed tau monomers with a similar staining pattern. We also observed phospho-tau aggregates in the fetal molecular layer, staining positively for S214, CP13, and PHF1 and negative for thioflavin S. These corresponded to high-molecular weight (∼150 kD) bands seen on Western blots probed with S214, PHF1, and PG5. We therefore conclude that fetal phosphorylation overlaps with AD in some residues, while others (e.g. T231, S409) appear to be unique to AD, and that tau is capable of forming nontoxic aggregates in the developing brain. These findings suggest that the fetal brain is resilient to formation of toxic aggregates, the mechanism for which may yield insights into the pathogenesis of tau aggregation and toxicity in the aging brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco M Hefti
- Department of Pathology
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - SoongHo Kim
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute
- Department of Neuroscience
- Friedmann Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Aaron J Bell
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute
- Analytical Instrumentation Facility Campus Box 7531, Monteith Research Center, 2410 Campus Shore Drive, Room 246, Raleigh, NC 27695-7531
| | - Ryan K Betters
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | | | - Megan A Iida
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute
- Department of Neuroscience
- Friedmann Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | | | - Kurt Farrell
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute
- Department of Neuroscience
- Friedmann Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | | | - John F Crary
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute
- Department of Neuroscience
- Friedmann Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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