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Pabon A, Bhupana JN, Wong CO. Crosstalk between degradation and bioenergetics: how autophagy and endolysosomal processes regulate energy production. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:671-681. [PMID: 38886933 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-02095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Cells undergo metabolic reprogramming to adapt to changes in nutrient availability, cellular activity, and transitions in cell states. The balance between glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration is crucial for energy production, and metabolic reprogramming stipulates a shift in such balance to optimize both bioenergetic efficiency and anabolic requirements. Failure in switching bioenergetic dependence can lead to maladaptation and pathogenesis. While cellular degradation is known to recycle precursor molecules for anabolism, its potential role in regulating energy production remains less explored. The bioenergetic switch between glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration involves transcription factors and organelle homeostasis, which are both regulated by the cellular degradation pathways. A growing body of studies has demonstrated that both stem cells and differentiated cells exhibit bioenergetic switch upon perturbations of autophagic activity or endolysosomal processes. Here, we highlighted the current understanding of the interplay between degradation processes, specifically autophagy and endolysosomes, transcription factors, endolysosomal signaling, and mitochondrial homeostasis in shaping cellular bioenergetics. This review aims to summarize the relationship between degradation processes and bioenergetics, providing a foundation for future research to unveil deeper mechanistic insights into bioenergetic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelid Pabon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
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Kuznetsov AV. Effects of Time-Dependent Adenosine Triphosphate Consumption Caused by Neuron Firing on Adenosine Triphosphate Concentrations in Synaptic Boutons Containing and Lacking a Stationary Mitochondrion. J Biomech Eng 2024; 146:111002. [PMID: 38888293 DOI: 10.1115/1.4065743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The precise mechanism behind the supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to approximately half of the presynaptic release sites in axons that lack a stationary mitochondrion is not fully understood. This paper presents a mathematical model designed to simulate the transient ATP concentration in presynaptic en passant boutons. The model is utilized to investigate how the ATP concentration responds to increased ATP demand during neuronal firing in boutons with a stationary mitochondrion and those without one. The analysis suggests that neuron firing may cause oscillations in the ATP concentrations, with peak-to-peak amplitudes ranging from 0.06% to 5% of their average values. However, this does not deplete boutons lacking a mitochondrion of ATP; for physiologically relevant values of model parameters, their concentration remains approximately 3.75 times higher than the minimum concentration required for synaptic activity. The variance in average ATP concentrations between boutons containing a stationary mitochondrion and those lacking one ranges from 0.3% to 0.8%, contingent on the distance between the boutons. The model indicates that diffusion-driven ATP transport is rapid enough to adequately supply ATP molecules to boutons lacking a stationary mitochondrion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey V Kuznetsov
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7910
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Mishra SK, Tiwari SP. Bioenergetics of Axon Integrity and Its Regulation by Oligodendrocytes and Schwann Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:5928-5934. [PMID: 38252382 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-03950-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Axons are long slender portions of neurons that transmit electrical impulses to maintain proper physiological functioning. Axons in the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) do not exist in isolation but are found to form a complex association with their surrounding glial cells, oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells. These cells not only myelinate them for faster nerve impulse conduction but are also known to provide metabolic support. Due to their incredible length, continuous growth, and distance from the cell body (where major energy synthesis takes place), axons are in high energetic demand. The stability and integrity of axons have long been associated with axonal energy levels. The current mini-review is thus focused on how axons accomplish their high energetic requirement in a cell-autonomous manner and how the surrounding glial cells help them in maintaining their integrity by fulfilling their energy demands (non-cell autonomous trophic support). The concept that adjacent glial cells (oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells) provide trophic support to axons and assist them in maintaining their integrity comes from the conditional knockout research and the studies in which the metabolic pathways controlling metabolism in these glial cells are modulated and its effect on axonal integrity is evaluated. In the later part of the mini-review, the current knowledge of axon-glial metabolic coupling during various neurodegenerative conditions was discussed, along with the potential lacunae in our current understanding of axon-glial metabolic coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep K Mishra
- Institute for Myelin and Glia Exploration, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalinga University, Raipur, (C.G.), 492101, India.
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Wodrich APK, Harris BT, Giniger E. Changes in mitochondrial distribution occur at the axon initial segment in association with neurodegeneration in Drosophila. Biol Open 2024; 13:bio060335. [PMID: 38912559 DOI: 10.1242/bio.060335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Changes in mitochondrial distribution are a feature of numerous age-related neurodegenerative diseases. In Drosophila, reducing the activity of Cdk5 causes a neurodegenerative phenotype and is known to affect several mitochondrial properties. Therefore, we investigated whether alterations of mitochondrial distribution are involved in Cdk5-associated neurodegeneration. We find that reducing Cdk5 activity does not alter the balance of mitochondrial localization to the somatodendritic versus axonal neuronal compartments of the mushroom body, the learning and memory center of the Drosophila brain. We do, however, observe changes in mitochondrial distribution at the axon initial segment (AIS), a neuronal compartment located in the proximal axon involved in neuronal polarization and action potential initiation. Specifically, we observe that mitochondria are partially excluded from the AIS in wild-type neurons, but that this exclusion is lost upon reduction of Cdk5 activity, concomitant with the shrinkage of the AIS domain that is known to occur in this condition. This mitochondrial redistribution into the AIS is not likely due to the shortening of the AIS domain itself but rather due to altered Cdk5 activity. Furthermore, mitochondrial redistribution into the AIS is unlikely to be an early driver of neurodegeneration in the context of reduced Cdk5 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P K Wodrich
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA
- College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Brent T Harris
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA
- Department of Neurology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Edward Giniger
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Lian W, Yang X, Duan Q, Li J, Zhao Y, Yu C, He T, Sun T, Zhao Y, Wang W. The Biological Activity of Ganoderma lucidum on Neurodegenerative Diseases: The Interplay between Different Active Compounds and the Pathological Hallmarks. Molecules 2024; 29:2516. [PMID: 38893392 PMCID: PMC11173733 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases represent a cluster of conditions characterized by the progressive degeneration of the structure and function of the nervous system. Despite significant advancements in understanding these diseases, therapeutic options remain limited. The medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum has been recognized for its comprehensive array of bioactive compounds with anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects, which possess potential neuroprotective properties. This literature review collates and examines the existing research on the bioactivity of active compounds and extracts from Ganoderma lucidum in modulating the pathological hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases. The structural information and preparation processes of specific components, such as individual ganoderic acids and unique fractions of polysaccharides, are presented in detail to facilitate structure-activity relationship research and scale up the investigation of in vivo pharmacology. The mechanisms of these components against neurodegenerative diseases are discussed on multiple levels and elaborately categorized in different patterns. It is clearly presented from the patterns that most polysaccharides of Ganoderma lucidum possess neurotrophic effects, while ganoderic acids preferentially target specific pathogenic proteins as well as regulating autophagy. Further clinical trials are necessary to assess the translational potential of these components in the development of novel multi-target drugs for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Lian
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (W.L.); (X.Y.); (Q.D.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (C.Y.); (T.H.)
| | - Xu Yang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (W.L.); (X.Y.); (Q.D.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (C.Y.); (T.H.)
| | - Qidong Duan
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (W.L.); (X.Y.); (Q.D.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (C.Y.); (T.H.)
| | - Jie Li
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (W.L.); (X.Y.); (Q.D.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (C.Y.); (T.H.)
| | - Yuting Zhao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (W.L.); (X.Y.); (Q.D.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (C.Y.); (T.H.)
| | - Chunhui Yu
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (W.L.); (X.Y.); (Q.D.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (C.Y.); (T.H.)
| | - Tianzhu He
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (W.L.); (X.Y.); (Q.D.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (C.Y.); (T.H.)
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Tianxia Sun
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (W.L.); (X.Y.); (Q.D.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (C.Y.); (T.H.)
| | - Yu Zhao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (W.L.); (X.Y.); (Q.D.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (C.Y.); (T.H.)
| | - Weinan Wang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (W.L.); (X.Y.); (Q.D.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (C.Y.); (T.H.)
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
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Yang T, Li C, Wei Q, Pang D, Cheng Y, Huang J, Lin J, Xiao Y, Jiang Q, Wang S, Shang H. Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis related to ALS patient progression and survival. J Neurol 2024; 271:2672-2683. [PMID: 38372747 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-024-12222-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetics contributes to the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We aimed to characterize the DNA methylation profiles associated with clinical heterogeneity in disease progression and survival among patients. METHODS We included a cohort of 41 patients with sporadic ALS, with a median follow-up of 86.9 months, and 27 rigorously matched healthy controls. Blood-based genome-wide DNA methylation analysis was conducted. RESULTS A total of 948 progression rate-associated differentially methylated positions, 298 progression rate-associated differentially methylated regions (R-DMRs), 590 survival time-associated DMPs, and 197 survival time-associated DMRs (S-DMRs) were identified, using complementary grouping strategies. Enrichment analysis of differentially methylated genes highlighted the involvement of synapses and axons in ALS progression and survival. Clinical analysis revealed a positive correlation between the average methylation levels of the R-DMR in PRDM8 and disease progression rate (r = 0.479, p = 0.002). Conversely, there was an inverse correlation between the average methylation levels of the R-DMR in ANKRD33 and disease progression rate (r = - 0.476, p = 0.002). In addition, patients with higher methylation levels within the S-DMR of ZNF696 experienced longer survival (p = 0.016), while those with elevated methylation levels in the S-DMR of RAI1 had shorter survival (p = 0.006). CONCLUSION DNA methylation holds promise as a potential biomarker for tracking disease progression and predicting survival outcome and also offers targets for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianmi Yang
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Diseases Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Chunyu Li
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Diseases Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Qianqian Wei
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Diseases Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Dejiang Pang
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Diseases Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yangfan Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Diseases Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jingxuan Huang
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Diseases Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Junyu Lin
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Diseases Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Diseases Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Qirui Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Diseases Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Shichan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Diseases Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Huifang Shang
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Diseases Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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Gallo G. Neuronal glycolysis: focus on developmental morphogenesis and localized subcellular functions. Commun Integr Biol 2024; 17:2343532. [PMID: 38655369 PMCID: PMC11037282 DOI: 10.1080/19420889.2024.2343532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway that directly generates adenosine triphosphate (ATP), provides metabolic intermediates for anabolism, and supports mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. This review addresses recent advances in our understanding of the functions of neuronal glycolysis during the development of neuronal morphogenesis, focusing on the emergent concept that neuronal glycolysis serves local subcellular bioenergetic roles in maintaining neuronal function. The current evidence indicates that glycolysis is subcellularly targeted to specific organelles and molecular machinery to locally supply bioenergetic support for defined subcellular mechanisms underlying neuronal morphogenesis (i.e. axon extension, axon retraction and axonal transport). Thus, the concept of glycolysis as a "housekeeping" mechanism in neurons would benefit revision and future work aim to further define its subcellular functions at varied developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Gallo
- Department of Neural Sciences, Shriners Pediatric Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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8
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LeVine SM. Exploring Potential Mechanisms Accounting for Iron Accumulation in the Central Nervous System of Patients with Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2024; 13:689. [PMID: 38667304 PMCID: PMC11049304 DOI: 10.3390/cells13080689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Elevated levels of iron occur in both cortical and subcortical regions of the CNS in patients with Alzheimer's disease. This accumulation is present early in the disease process as well as in more advanced stages. The factors potentially accounting for this increase are numerous, including: (1) Cells increase their uptake of iron and reduce their export of iron, as iron becomes sequestered (trapped within the lysosome, bound to amyloid β or tau, etc.); (2) metabolic disturbances, such as insulin resistance and mitochondrial dysfunction, disrupt cellular iron homeostasis; (3) inflammation, glutamate excitotoxicity, or other pathological disturbances (loss of neuronal interconnections, soluble amyloid β, etc.) trigger cells to acquire iron; and (4) following neurodegeneration, iron becomes trapped within microglia. Some of these mechanisms are also present in other neurological disorders and can also begin early in the disease course, indicating that iron accumulation is a relatively common event in neurological conditions. In response to pathogenic processes, the directed cellular efforts that contribute to iron buildup reflect the importance of correcting a functional iron deficiency to support essential biochemical processes. In other words, cells prioritize correcting an insufficiency of available iron while tolerating deposited iron. An analysis of the mechanisms accounting for iron accumulation in Alzheimer's disease, and in other relevant neurological conditions, is put forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M LeVine
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Mail Stop 3043, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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Matrella ML, Valletti A, Gigante I, De Rasmo D, Signorile A, Russo S, Lobasso S, Lobraico D, Dibattista M, Pacelli C, Cocco T. High OXPHOS efficiency in RA-FUdr-differentiated SH-SY5Y cells: involvement of cAMP signalling and respiratory supercomplexes. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7411. [PMID: 38548913 PMCID: PMC10978939 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57613-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurons are highly dependent on mitochondria to meet their bioenergetic needs and understanding the metabolic changes during the differentiation process is crucial in the neurodegeneration context. Several in vitro approaches have been developed to study neuronal differentiation and bioenergetic changes. The human SH-SY5Y cell line is a widely used cellular model and several differentiation protocols have been developed to induce a neuron-like phenotype including retinoic acid (RA) treatment. In this work we obtained a homogeneous functional population of neuron-like cells by a two-step differentiation protocol in which SH-SY5Y cells were treated with RA plus the mitotic inhibitor 2-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (FUdr). RA-FUdr treatment induced a neuronal phenotype characterized by increased expression of neuronal markers and electrical properties specific to excitable cells. In addition, the RA-FUdr differentiated cells showed an enrichment of long chain and unsaturated fatty acids (FA) in the acyl chain composition of cardiolipin (CL) and the bioenergetic analysis evidences a high coupled and maximal respiration associated with high mitochondrial ATP levels. Our results suggest that the observed high oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) capacity may be related to the activation of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) pathway and the assembly of respiratory supercomplexes (SCs), highlighting the change in mitochondrial phenotype during neuronal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Laura Matrella
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Alessio Valletti
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124, Bari, Italy
- MASMEC Biomed S.p.A, 70026, Modugno, Italy
| | - Isabella Gigante
- National Institute of Gastroenterology- IRCCS "Saverio De Bellis", Via Turi 27, Castellana Grotte, 70013, Bari, Italy
| | - Domenico De Rasmo
- Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, CNR-Institute of Biomembranes, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Signorile
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Silvia Russo
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Simona Lobasso
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Donatella Lobraico
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Dibattista
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Consiglia Pacelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122, Foggia, Italy.
| | - Tiziana Cocco
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124, Bari, Italy.
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Skv M, Abraham SM, Eshwari O, Golla K, Jhelum P, Maity S, Komal P. Tremendous Fidelity of Vitamin D3 in Age-related Neurological Disorders. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-03989-w. [PMID: 38372958 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-03989-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Vitamin D3 (VD) is a secosteroid hormone and shows a pleiotropic effect in brain-related disorders where it regulates redox imbalance, inflammation, apoptosis, energy production, and growth factor synthesis. Vitamin D3's active metabolic form, 1,25-dihydroxy Vitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3 or calcitriol), is a known regulator of several genes involved in neuroplasticity, neuroprotection, neurotropism, and neuroinflammation. Multiple studies suggest that VD deficiency can be proposed as a risk factor for the development of several age-related neurological disorders. The evidence for low serum levels of 25-hydroxy Vitamin D3 (25(OH)D3 or calcidiol), the major circulating form of VD, is associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), dementia, and cognitive impairment. Despite decades of evidence on low VD association with neurological disorders, the precise molecular mechanism behind its beneficial effect remains controversial. Here, we will be delving into the neurobiological importance of VD and discuss its benefits in different neuropsychiatric disorders. The focus will be on AD, PD, and HD as they share some common clinical, pathological, and epidemiological features. The central focus will be on the different attributes of VD in the aspect of its anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-cholinesterase activity, and psychotropic effect in different neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjari Skv
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani (BITS-Pilani) Hyderabad campus, Shameerpet-Mandal, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sharon Mariam Abraham
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani (BITS-Pilani) Hyderabad campus, Shameerpet-Mandal, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Omalur Eshwari
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani (BITS-Pilani) Hyderabad campus, Shameerpet-Mandal, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Kishore Golla
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani (BITS-Pilani) Hyderabad campus, Shameerpet-Mandal, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Priya Jhelum
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience and Brain Program, The Research Instituteof the, McGill University Health Centre , Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Shuvadeep Maity
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani (BITS-Pilani) Hyderabad campus, Shameerpet-Mandal, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Pragya Komal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani (BITS-Pilani) Hyderabad campus, Shameerpet-Mandal, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
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Wodrich APK, Harris BT, Giniger E. Changes in mitochondrial distribution occur at the axon initial segment in association with neurodegeneration in Drosophila. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.14.580288. [PMID: 38405730 PMCID: PMC10888798 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.14.580288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Changes in mitochondrial distribution are a feature of numerous age-related neurodegenerative diseases. In Drosophila, reducing the activity of Cdk5 causes a neurodegenerative phenotype and is known to affect several mitochondrial properties. Therefore, we investigated whether alterations of mitochondrial distribution are involved in Cdk5-associated neurodegeneration. We find that reducing Cdk5 activity does not alter the balance of mitochondrial localization to the somatodendritic vs. axonal neuronal compartments of the mushroom body, the learning and memory center of the Drosophila brain. We do, however, observe changes in mitochondrial distribution at the axon initial segment (AIS), a neuronal compartment located in the proximal axon involved in neuronal polarization and action potential initiation. Specifically, we observe that mitochondria are partially excluded from the AIS in wild-type neurons, but that this exclusion is lost upon reduction of Cdk5 activity, concomitant with the shrinkage of the AIS domain that is known to occur in this condition. This mitochondrial redistribution into the AIS is not likely due to the shortening of the AIS domain itself but rather due to altered Cdk5 activity. Furthermore, mitochondrial redistribution into the AIS is unlikely to be an early driver of neurodegeneration in the context of reduced Cdk5 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P. K. Wodrich
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
- College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Brent T. Harris
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
- Department of Neurology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Edward Giniger
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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Reiss AB, Gulkarov S, Jacob B, Srivastava A, Pinkhasov A, Gomolin IH, Stecker MM, Wisniewski T, De Leon J. Mitochondria in Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:196. [PMID: 38398707 PMCID: PMC10890468 DOI: 10.3390/life14020196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and incurable neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects persons aged 65 years and above. It causes dementia with memory loss and deterioration in thinking and language skills. AD is characterized by specific pathology resulting from the accumulation in the brain of extracellular plaques of amyloid-β and intracellular tangles of phosphorylated tau. The importance of mitochondrial dysfunction in AD pathogenesis, while previously underrecognized, is now more and more appreciated. Mitochondria are an essential organelle involved in cellular bioenergetics and signaling pathways. Mitochondrial processes crucial for synaptic activity such as mitophagy, mitochondrial trafficking, mitochondrial fission, and mitochondrial fusion are dysregulated in the AD brain. Excess fission and fragmentation yield mitochondria with low energy production. Reduced glucose metabolism is also observed in the AD brain with a hypometabolic state, particularly in the temporo-parietal brain regions. This review addresses the multiple ways in which abnormal mitochondrial structure and function contribute to AD. Disruption of the electron transport chain and ATP production are particularly neurotoxic because brain cells have disproportionately high energy demands. In addition, oxidative stress, which is extremely damaging to nerve cells, rises dramatically with mitochondrial dyshomeostasis. Restoring mitochondrial health may be a viable approach to AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison B. Reiss
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Grossman Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA; (S.G.); (B.J.); (A.S.); (A.P.); (I.H.G.); (J.D.L.)
| | - Shelly Gulkarov
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Grossman Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA; (S.G.); (B.J.); (A.S.); (A.P.); (I.H.G.); (J.D.L.)
| | - Benna Jacob
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Grossman Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA; (S.G.); (B.J.); (A.S.); (A.P.); (I.H.G.); (J.D.L.)
| | - Ankita Srivastava
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Grossman Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA; (S.G.); (B.J.); (A.S.); (A.P.); (I.H.G.); (J.D.L.)
| | - Aaron Pinkhasov
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Grossman Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA; (S.G.); (B.J.); (A.S.); (A.P.); (I.H.G.); (J.D.L.)
| | - Irving H. Gomolin
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Grossman Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA; (S.G.); (B.J.); (A.S.); (A.P.); (I.H.G.); (J.D.L.)
| | - Mark M. Stecker
- The Fresno Institute of Neuroscience, Fresno, CA 93730, USA;
| | - Thomas Wisniewski
- Center for Cognitive Neurology, Departments of Neurology, Pathology and Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA;
| | - Joshua De Leon
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Grossman Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA; (S.G.); (B.J.); (A.S.); (A.P.); (I.H.G.); (J.D.L.)
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Moreno-Rodriguez M, Perez SE, Martinez-Gardeazabal J, Manuel I, Malek-Ahmadi M, Rodriguez-Puertas R, Mufson EJ. Frontal Cortex Lipid Alterations During the Onset of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 98:1515-1532. [PMID: 38578893 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Background Although sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder of unknown etiology, familial AD is associated with specific gene mutations. A commonality between these forms of AD is that both display multiple pathogenic events including cholinergic and lipid dysregulation. Objective We aimed to identify the relevant lipids and the activity of their related receptors in the frontal cortex and correlating them with cognition during the progression of AD. Methods MALDI-mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) and functional autoradiography was used to evaluate the distribution of phospholipids/sphingolipids and the activity of cannabinoid 1 (CB1), sphingosine 1-phosphate 1 (S1P1), and muscarinic M2/M4 receptors in the frontal cortex (FC) of people that come to autopsy with premortem clinical diagnosis of AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and no cognitive impairment (NCI). Results MALDI-MSI revealed an increase in myelin-related lipids, such as diacylglycerol (DG) 36:1, DG 38:5, and phosphatidic acid (PA) 40:6 in the white matter (WM) in MCI compared to NCI, and a downregulation of WM phosphatidylinositol (PI) 38:4 and PI 38:5 levels in AD compared to NCI. Elevated levels of phosphatidylcholine (PC) 32:1, PC 34:0, and sphingomyelin 38:1 were observed in discrete lipid accumulations in the FC supragranular layers during disease progression. Muscarinic M2/M4 receptor activation in layers V-VI decreased in AD compared to MCI. CB1 receptor activity was upregulated in layers V-VI, while S1P1 was downregulated within WM in AD relative to NCI. Conclusions FC WM lipidomic alterations are associated with myelin dyshomeostasis in prodromal AD, suggesting WM lipid maintenance as a potential therapeutic target for dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Moreno-Rodriguez
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Sylvia E Perez
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | | | - Ivan Manuel
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
- Neurodegenerative Diseases, BioBizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | | | - Rafael Rodriguez-Puertas
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
- Neurodegenerative Diseases, BioBizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Elliott J Mufson
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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Gilloteaux J, De Swert K, Suain V, Nicaise C. Thalamic Neuron Resilience during Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome (ODS) Is Revealed by Primary Cilium Outgrowth and ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 13B Labeling in Axon Initial Segment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16448. [PMID: 38003639 PMCID: PMC10671465 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A murine osmotic demyelinating syndrome (ODS) model was developed through chronic hyponatremia, induced by desmopressin subcutaneous implants, followed by precipitous sodium restoration. The thalamic ventral posterolateral (VPL) and ventral posteromedial (VPM) relay nuclei were the most demyelinated regions where neuroglial damage could be evidenced without immune response. This report showed that following chronic hyponatremia, 12 h and 48 h time lapses after rebalancing osmolarity, amid the ODS-degraded outskirts, some resilient neuronal cell bodies built up primary cilium and axon hillock regions that extended into axon initial segments (AIS) where ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 13B (ARL13B)-immunolabeled rod-like shape content was revealed. These AIS-labeled shaft lengths appeared proportional with the distance of neuronal cell bodies away from the ODS damaged epicenter and time lapses after correction of hyponatremia. Fine structure examination verified these neuron abundant transcriptions and translation regions marked by the ARL13B labeling associated with cell neurotubules and their complex cytoskeletal macromolecular architecture. This necessitated energetic transport to organize and restore those AIS away from the damaged ODS core demyelinated zone in the murine model. These labeled structures could substantiate how thalamic neuron resilience occurred as possible steps of a healing course out of ODS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Gilloteaux
- URPhyM, NARILIS, Université de Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium; (J.G.); (K.D.S.)
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, St George’s University School of Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 JG8, UK
| | - Kathleen De Swert
- URPhyM, NARILIS, Université de Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium; (J.G.); (K.D.S.)
| | - Valérie Suain
- Laboratoire d’Histologie Générale, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, B-1070 Bruxelles, Belgium;
| | - Charles Nicaise
- URPhyM, NARILIS, Université de Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium; (J.G.); (K.D.S.)
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Brooks CD, Kodati B, Stankowska DL, Krishnamoorthy RR. Role of mitophagy in ocular neurodegeneration. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1299552. [PMID: 37965225 PMCID: PMC10641468 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1299552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurons in the central nervous system are among the most metabolically active cells in the body, characterized by high oxygen consumption utilizing glucose both aerobically and anaerobically. Neurons have an abundance of mitochondria which generate adequate ATP to keep up with the high metabolic demand. One consequence of the oxidative phosphorylation mechanism of ATP synthesis, is the generation of reactive oxygen species which produces cellular injury as well as damage to mitochondria. Mitochondria respond to injury by fusion which serves to ameliorate the damage through genetic complementation. Mitochondria also undergo fission to meet an increased energy demand. Loss of mitochondria is also compensated by increased biogenesis to generate new mitochondria. Damaged mitochondria are removed by mitophagy, an autophagic process, in which damaged mitochondria are surrounded by a membrane to form an autophagosome which ultimately fuses with the lysosome resulting in degradation of faulty mitochondria. Dysregulation of mitophagy has been reported in several central nervous system disorders, including, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Recent studies point to aberrant mitophagy in ocular neurodegenerative disorders which could be an important contributor to the disease etiology/pathology. This review article highlights some of the recent findings that point to dysregulation of mitophagy and it's underlying mechanisms in ocular neurodegenerative diseases, including, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin D. Brooks
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Bindu Kodati
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Dorota L. Stankowska
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Raghu R. Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
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Rumbeiha WK, Kim DS, Min A, Nair M, Giulivi C. Disrupted brain mitochondrial morphology after in vivo hydrogen sulfide exposure. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18129. [PMID: 37875542 PMCID: PMC10598273 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44807-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in mitochondrial dynamics are often associated with dietary patterns, medical treatments, xenobiotics, and diseases. Toxic exposures to hydrogen sulfide (H2S) harm mitochondria by inhibiting Complex IV and via other mechanisms. However, changes in mitochondrial dynamics, including morphology following acute exposure to H2S, are not yet fully understood. This study followed mitochondrial morphology changes over time after a single acute LCt50 dose of H2S by examining electron microscopy thalami images of surviving mice. Our findings revealed that within the initial 48 h after H2S exposure, mitochondrial morphology was impaired by H2S, supported by the disruption and scarcity of the cristae, which are required to enhance the surface area for ATP production. At the 72-h mark point, a spectrum of morphological cellular changes was observed, and the disordered mitochondrial network, accompanied by the probable disruption of mitophagy, was tied to changes in mitochondrial shape. In summary, this study sheds light on how acute exposure to high levels of H2S triggers alterations in mitochondrial shape and structure as early as 24 h that become more evident at 72 h post-exposure. These findings underscore the impact of H2S on mitochondrial function and overall cellular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson K Rumbeiha
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Dong-Suk Kim
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Angela Min
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Maya Nair
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Cecilia Giulivi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
- Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute UCDH, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.
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Perrone L. Editorial: Mitochondrial dysfunction as a target in neurodegenerative diseases. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1271175. [PMID: 37771558 PMCID: PMC10523779 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1271175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Perrone
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Enna “Kore”, Enna, Italy
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