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Borie YA, Tamiso A, Gutema K, Jisso M, Deribe B, Fikre R, Defar S, Ayalew M, Abera W. Psychological distress and its associated factors among people with specific chronic conditions (diabetes and/or hypertension) in the Sidama region of southern Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303196. [PMID: 38985813 PMCID: PMC11236106 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of people with long-term, non-communicable medical conditions experience significant psychological anguish. Poor mental health or psychological distress influences low lifestyle decisions that result in obesity, inactivity, and cigarette use as well as poor health literacy and limited access to health promotion activities. OBJECTIVES The study's purpose was to measure the prevalence of psychological distress and it's predictors in patients with chronic non-communicable diseases who were being treated in selected hospitals in the Sidama region of southern Ethiopia in 2022. METHODOLOGY Institutional based cross-sectional study was carried out using a sample of 844 patients receiving medication for either high blood pressure or diabetes mellitus or both between May1 and August 31, 2022. To gauge psychiatric distress, the Amharic translation and Ethiopian validation of the Kessler 6 scale (K-6) was employed. The analysis was done using binary logistic regression and an odds ratio with the corresponding 95% confidence interval was estimated to measure the strength of the association. P value <0.05 was considered to declare the significance. RESULT Patients with diabetic mellitus, hypertension or both had a 49.6% prevalence of psychological distress at selected Sidama hospitals. Age, drug side effects, history medical complications following diabetic mellitus/hypertension, and body mass index of the patient were all significantly linked with psychological distress (P<0.05). CONCLUSION According to the results of this study, psychological distress is far more prevalent than it was in past studies in Ethiopia and other African countries. To lessen the problem, all stakeholders must cooperate, but health agencies, policymakers, and NGOs particularly need to put in extra effort. The study also showed a significant association between body mass index, patient age, drug side effects, and history of medical complications following diabetic mellitus /hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yacob Abraham Borie
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Alemu Tamiso
- School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Hawassa University, Ethiopia
| | - Keneni Gutema
- School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Hawassa University, Ethiopia
| | - Meskerem Jisso
- School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Hawassa University, Ethiopia
| | - Bedilu Deribe
- School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Hawassa University, Ethiopia
- School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Rekiku Fikre
- Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Science, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Semira Defar
- Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Science, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Mohammed Ayalew
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Wondwossen Abera
- School of Medical Laboratory, College of Medicine and Health Science, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
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Tassew WC, Nigate GK, Assefa GW, Zeleke AM, Ferede YA. Systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence and associated factors of depression among hypertensive patients in Ethiopia. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304043. [PMID: 38917087 PMCID: PMC11198805 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying individuals at increased risk for depression allows for earlier intervention and treatment, ultimately leading to better outcomes and potentially preventing severe symptoms. However, to date, no systematic reviews or meta-analyses have estimated the prevalence of depression among hypertensive patients. Thus, this review was initiated to determine the prevalence and factors associated with depression among patients with hypertension in Ethiopia. METHODS Multiple databases, such as PubMed, African Journals Online, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar, were used to ensure wider coverage of relevant studies. The data extracted from Microsoft Excel were imported into STATA version 11 (Stata Corp LLC, TX, USA) for further analysis. The pooled prevalence of depression was estimated using a random effects model. To evaluate statistical heterogeneity, the Cochrane Q test and I2 statistic were used. RESULTS The random effect model indicated that the pooled prevalence of depression in 12 studies conducted in Ethiopia was 32.43% (95% CI: 25.18, 39.67%). Being female (POR = 2.41; 95% CI: 1.89, 3.07, I2 = 17.7%, P = 0.302), having comorbid illnesses (POR = 3.80; 95% CI: 2.09, 6.90, I2 = 81%, P = 0.005), having poor blood pressure control (POR = 3.58; 95% CI: 2.51, 5.12, I2 = 0.0%, P = 0.716), having a family history of depression (POR = 3.43; 95% CI: 1.98, 5.96, I2 = 62.6%, P = 0.069), being single (POR = 2.30; 95% CI: 1.35, 3.99, I2 = 48.0%, P = 0.146) and having poor social support (POR = 4.24; 95% CI: 1.29, 13.98, I2 = 95.8%, P<0.001) were positively associated with depression among hypertensive patients. CONCLUSION Overall, the results of our review showed that depression affects a significant number of Ethiopians who have hypertension. Being female, being single, having comorbidities, having poor blood pressure control, having a family history of depression, and having poor social support were factors associated with depression among patients with hypertension. For those who are depressed, improving the psycho-behavioral treatment linkage with the psychiatric unit can result in improved clinical outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION Prospero Registration number: CRD42024498447. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42024498447.
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Affiliation(s)
- Worku Chekol Tassew
- Department of Medical Nursing, Teda Health Science College, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | | | - Getaw Wubie Assefa
- Department of CTID &HIV Medicine, Teda Health Science College, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | | | - Yeshiwas Ayal Ferede
- Department of Reproductive Health, Teda Health Science College, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Olani AB, Gerbaba M, Getnet M, Soboka M, Decorte T. Is chewing khat associated with mental health disorders? A scoping review of the content and quality of the current evidence base. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy 2023; 18:39. [PMID: 37370160 DOI: 10.1186/s13011-023-00545-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Khat (Catha edulis) is a plant commonly found in the horn of Africa whose leaves are chewed for their psycho-stimulant effects. Several studies have demonstrated the association between khat use and mental health problems. Nevertheless, evidence is mixed and inconsistent, warranting further review of available studies. This scoping review is aimed at investigating the content and quality of evidence base on the associations between khat use and mental health disorders and suggesting avenues for further research. METHODS We used a scoping review methodology to map the existing evidence using PubMed, SCOPUS, Embase, and CINAHL databases. Primary studies focusing on the association between any pattern of khat use and any form of mental health disorders are included. The review focused on all age groups, any study design, all geographical locations, and any publication year. The terms used for searching eligible studies include khat, mental disorders, and various alternative terminologies. Narrative review is employed to present findings. RESULTS 7,121 articles were found, of which 108 were eligible, conducted across 12 different countries. The majority of the studies was done during the last ten years and the studies mostly employed cross-sectional design. About 10 different categories of mental health disorders have been identified as showing associations with khat use. Despite many contradictory findings between the studies, most of the evidence base suggests that khat use is associated with mental health disorders. Non-specific psychological distress is the most frequently mentioned mental health problem (reported in 26.9% of the studies). Khat use as a predictor variable is mostly assessed using a 'yes/no' category, and as a result, dose-dependent effects of khat use on mental health are not given much consideration. CONCLUSION Although most of the studies associate khat use with mental health disorders, the causal relationships are inconclusive given the cross-sectional design of the studies, and the presence of potential confounders and several forms of biases. Available studies also report contradictory findings. Further studies are recommended using prospective designs, standardized and valid measures of khat use, and focusing on specific types of mental health disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanti Baru Olani
- Institute for Social Drug Research, Department of Criminology, Criminal Law and Social Law, Ghent University, Universiteitstraat 4, Ghent, 9000, Belgium.
- Department of Sociology, Jimma University, Jimma, P.O.Box 378, Ethiopia.
| | - Mulusew Gerbaba
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, P.O.Box 378, Ethiopia
| | - Masrie Getnet
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, P.O.Box 378, Ethiopia
| | - Matiwos Soboka
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, P.O.Box 378, Ethiopia
| | - Tom Decorte
- Institute for Social Drug Research, Department of Criminology, Criminal Law and Social Law, Ghent University, Universiteitstraat 4, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
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Health-related quality of life among postpartum women with preeclampsia, southern Ethiopia: a prospective cohort study. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2022; 20:147. [PMID: 36309707 PMCID: PMC9618225 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-022-02061-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Preeclampsia affects the health of the mother and the fetus during pregnancy and childbirth. To date, little is known about the impact of preeclampsia on postpartum health-related to quality of life (HRQoL) in the Sidama region of southern Ethiopia. This study aimed to measure the HRQoL and its contributing factors among postpartum women with preeclampsia in the Sidama region. Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted by enrolling pregnant women at ≥20 weeks of gestation up until the 37th week of gestation. We then followed them until 12 weeks after delivery. A locally validated, World Health Organization Quality-of-Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) tool was used to assess participants’ HRQoL at two time points; the 6th and 12th weeks postpartum. Assessment of HRQoL of participants was based on total scores on the WHOQoL-BREF. Higher scores on the WHOQoL-BREF reflected a higher HRQoL. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to evaluate the contributing factors to HRQoL. The level of significance was determined at a p-value of < 0.05. Results The HRQoL of postpartum women with preeclampsia significantly improved over time from 6 (151 ± 17) to 12 weeks (167 ± 18), p < 0.001). However, the overall HRQoL scores were lower (156 ± 16, p < 0.001) among women with preeclampsia compared to normotensive women (181 ± 21). An experience of early neonatal death was found to have a significant negative effect on the HRQoL of women with preeclampsia [β = − 2.1, 95% CI: − 3.43– − 0.85] compared to normotensive women who did not have early neonatal death. At 6 weeks of the postpartum period, the physical domain was found to have a significantly higher contribution to the lower HRQoL [β = 1.04, 95% CI: 0.88–1.12] compared to normotensive women, while other factors were constant. Conclusions The HRQoL of women with preeclampsia improved over time from 6 to 12 weeks in the postpartum period. Lower HRQoL was observed among postpartum women with preeclampsia, especially among those who experienced preterm birth or early neonatal death. The effects of preeclampsia on the HRQoL of postpartum women should be considered in redesigning postnatal care intervention services. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12955-022-02061-2.
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Edwards B, Atkins N. Exploring the association between khat use and psychiatric symptoms: a systematic review. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e061865. [PMID: 35879018 PMCID: PMC9328084 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Consumption of the drug khat is high across East Africa and the South-Western Arabian Peninsula despite evidence for its adverse psychiatric effects. This systematic review aims to explore cross-sectional research in the field to determine the strength of the association between khat use and psychiatric symptoms METHODS: Six databases were searched in October 2021-Ovid Medline, Embase, APA PsycINFO, CINAHL, Scopus and Proquest-using the following search terms: "khat" OR "qat" OR "qaad" OR "catha" OR "miraa" OR "mairungi" AND "depression" OR "anxiety" OR "mania" OR "psych*" OR "schiz*" OR "mental" OR "hallucinations" OR "delusions" OR "bipolar". Eligible studies were cross-sectional studies of any population or setting comparing the prevalence of psychiatric symptoms in long term or dependent khat users with non-users. The quality of each study was appraised by the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. A meta-analysis was planned using a random effects model to produce an OR with 95% CIs-using the Mantel-Haenszel method-alongside an I2 statistic to represent heterogeneity. The quality of this meta-analysis was appraised using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) scoring system. RESULTS 35 studies were eligible for inclusion (total participants=31 893), spanning 5 countries (Ethiopia, Somalia, Kenya, Saudi Arabia, UK). Meta-analysis suggests that khat use is associated with an 122% increased prevalence of psychiatric symptoms (OR 2.22, 95% CIs 1.76 to 2.79, p<0.00001, GRADE score: 'very low'). CONCLUSIONS The high heterogeneity of the meta-analysis is likely due to the wide variation between the studies within the evidence base. To perform a more accurate systematic review, further primary studies are needed with standardised measurements of variables, particularly khat consumption. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020224510.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betsy Edwards
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Naomi Atkins
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Emerging Challenges in COVID-19 With Substance Use Disorders. ADDICTIVE DISORDERS & THEIR TREATMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1097/adt.0000000000000266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Comorbilidad afectiva en personas con hipertensión arterial: un estudio de caso-control en adultos dominicanos. ACTA COLOMBIANA DE PSICOLOGIA 2020. [DOI: 10.14718/acp.2020.23.1.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
En la literatura científica se encuentra un gran número de controversias y resultados dispares a la hora de explicar la relación entre la hipertensión arterial y algunas variables vinculadas a la afectividad negativa, como la depresión, la ansiedad y la ira. Teniendo esto en cuenta, en la presente investigación se planteó como objetivo principal analizar medidas de ansiedad, depresión e ira en personas adultas que padecen de hipertensión arterial (HTA). A partir de un diseño de caso-control, se contrastaron dos grupos, uno conformado por personas con HTA (n = 50) y otro de control equiparado en número de casos, edad y sexo. A nivel general, el grupo de HTA mostró mayores niveles de depresión ¾en su dimensión somática¾ y de ira-rasgo ¾en su dimensión de temperamento¾. Asimismo, las personas con HTA presentaron síntomas de irritabilidad y pérdida de energía ¾síntomas depresivo-somáticos¾, además de que tendían a enojarse con facilidad o rápidamente —sín- tomas de temperamento de ira¾. El abordaje de estos factores psicológicos comórbidos resulta de relevancia dado que en estudios precedentes ha demostrado aumentar la adherencia al tratamiento médico en pacientes que han sido diagnosticados con hipertensión o patologías similares.
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Wubie MB, Alebachew MN, Yigzaw AB. Common mental disorders and its determinants among epileptic patients at an outpatient epileptic clinic in Felegehiwot Referral Hospital, Bahirdar, Ethiopia: cross-sectional study. Int J Ment Health Syst 2019; 13:76. [PMID: 31890001 PMCID: PMC6935222 DOI: 10.1186/s13033-019-0333-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epilepsy is a chronic neurological condition that is highly predisposed to a variety of mental health problems due to its huge biological, social and psychological burdens. Despite this, there is a paucity of research in this area. Therefore, assessing common mental disorders and its determinants among epileptic patients would be of great importance. Objective This study was aimed to asses prevalence and associated factors of common mental disorders among people with epilepsy attending Felegehiwot Referral Hospital, Bahirdar, Ethiopia, 2019. Methods Institutional based analytic cross-sectional study design was utilized from January to February 2019 at Felegehiwot Referral Hospital among 422 epileptic patients who were diagnosed clinically and on follow up treatment. Systematic random sampling was applied to recruit participants. Interviewer based and pretested Self Reporting Questionnaire‐20 was used to screen common mental illness with a cut-off point 7 and above as having a common mental disorder. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis with 95% CI were computed and variables with p < 0.05 in the final model were considered as associated factors for common mental disorders. Result Four hundred twenty-two patients with epilepsy were included in our study with a response rate of 100% and 64.5% were males. The mean age of participants was 59 ± 13.37 years. Common mental disorder among epileptic patients was found to be 35.8%. There was a statistically significant association between marital status, comorbid medical illness, nicotine dependence, alcohol misuse, and medication non-adherence with common mental disorders at p < 0.05. Conclusion The prevalence of common mental distress was high (35.8%) suggesting that it is a public health issue. Marital status, comorbid medical illness, nicotine dependence, alcohol misuse, and medication non-adherence were the factors having an association with a common mental disorder. Therefore, early screening and recognition of mental distress symptoms should be a routine activity while managing epileptic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengesha Birkie Wubie
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Mogesie Necho Alebachew
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Asmare Belete Yigzaw
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
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