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Minotti C, Graziani L, Sallicandro E, Digilio MC, Falasca R, Alesi V, Novelli G, Dentici ML, Loddo S, Novelli A. Case report: A new de novo 6q21q22.1 interstitial deletion case in a girl with cerebellar vermis hypoplasia and developmental delay and literature review. Front Genet 2024; 14:1315291. [PMID: 38380230 PMCID: PMC10877002 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1315291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Interstitial deletions involving 6q chromosomal region are rare. Less than 30 patients have been described to date, and fewer have been characterized by high-resolution techniques, such as chromosomal microarray. Deletions involving 6q21q22.1 region are associated with an extremely wide and heterogeneous clinical spectrum, thus genotype-phenotype correlation based on the size of the rearranged region and on the involved genes is complex, even among individuals with overlapping deletions. Here we describe the phenotypic and molecular characterization of a new 6q interstitial deletion in a girl with developmental delay, intellectual disability, cerebellar vermis hypoplasia, facial peculiar characteristics, ataxia and ocular abnormalities. Microarray analysis of the proposita revealed a 7.9 Mb interstitial de novo deletion at 6q21q22.1 chromosomal region, which spanned from nucleotides 108,337,770 to 116,279,453 (GRCh38/hg38). The present case, alongside with a systematic review of the literature, provides further evidence that could aid to the definition of the Smallest Region of Overlap and of the genomic traits that are associated with particular phenotypes, focusing on neurological findings and especially on cerebellar anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Minotti
- Medical Genetics Unit, Translational Pediatrics and Clinical Genetics Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
- Medical Genetics Section, Depepartment of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ludovico Graziani
- Medical Genetics Unit, Translational Pediatrics and Clinical Genetics Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
- Medical Genetics Section, Depepartment of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ester Sallicandro
- Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Digilio
- Medical Genetics Unit, Translational Pediatrics and Clinical Genetics Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Falasca
- Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Viola Alesi
- Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Novelli
- Medical Genetics Section, Depepartment of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Medical Genetics Lab, Tor Vergata Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Lisa Dentici
- Medical Genetics Unit, Translational Pediatrics and Clinical Genetics Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Loddo
- Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Novelli
- Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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2
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Miltiadous A, Demetriou P, Kyriakou M, Gerasimou P, Herodotou G, Elpidoforou A, Kyprianou Y, Iacovou M, Chi J, Costeas P, Tanteles GA. A de novo SFMBT1 pathogenic variant identified in a boy with Poland syndrome. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2022; 8:mcs.a006168. [PMID: 35483874 PMCID: PMC9059785 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a006168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Poland syndrome is a rare developmental disorder characterized by unilateral, complete or partial, absence of the pectoralis major (and often minor) muscle, accompanied with ipsilateral hand malformations. To date, no clear genetic cause has been associated with Poland syndrome, although familial cases have been reported. We report the employment of trio exome investigation and the identification of a heterozygous de novo pathogenic variant in the SFMBT1 gene, a transcription factor associated with transcriptional repression during development, in a 14-yr-old boy with Poland syndrome. We further demonstrate by means of cDNA sequencing and western blot analysis that this variant results in SFMBT1 exon 10 skipping and a lower concentration of the SFMBT1 wild-type protein. To our knowledge, the heterozygous pathogenic SFMBT1 variant identified in association with this condition is novel as it has not been elsewhere described in the literature and it can be incorporated to the limited reported cases published.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andri Miltiadous
- Molecular Hematology-Oncology, Karaiskakio Foundation, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Maria Kyriakou
- The Center for the Study of Haematological Malignancies, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - George Herodotou
- Molecular Hematology-Oncology, Karaiskakio Foundation, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Yiannos Kyprianou
- Molecular Hematology-Oncology, Karaiskakio Foundation, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Maria Iacovou
- Molecular Hematology-Oncology, Karaiskakio Foundation, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Jianxiang Chi
- The Center for the Study of Haematological Malignancies, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Paul Costeas
- Molecular Hematology-Oncology, Karaiskakio Foundation, Nicosia, Cyprus;,The Center for the Study of Haematological Malignancies, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - George A. Tanteles
- Department of Clinical Genetics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics Nicosia, Cyprus;,Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics Nicosia, Cyprus
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3
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von Hellfeld R, Pannetier P, Braunbeck T. Specificity of time- and dose-dependent morphological endpoints in the fish embryo acute toxicity (FET) test for substances with diverse modes of action: the search for a "fingerprint". ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:16176-16192. [PMID: 34643865 PMCID: PMC8827326 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16354-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The fish embryo acute toxicity (FET) test with the zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo according to OECD TG 236 was originally developed as an alternative test method for acute fish toxicity testing according to, e.g., OECD TG 203. Given the versatility of the protocol, however, the FET test has found application beyond acute toxicity testing as a common tool in environmental hazard and risk assessment. Whereas the standard OECD guideline is restricted to four core endpoints (coagulation as well as lack of somite formation, heartbeat, and tail detachment) for simple, rapid assessment of acute toxicity, further endpoints can easily be integrated into the FET test protocol. This has led to the hypothesis that an extended FET test might allow for the identification of different classes of toxicants via a "fingerprint" of morphological observations. To test this hypothesis, the present study investigated a set of 18 compounds with highly diverse modes of action with respect to acute and sublethal endpoints. Especially at higher concentrations, most observations proved toxicant-unspecific. With decreasing concentrations, however, observations declined in number, but gained in specificity. Specific observations may at best be made at test concentrations ≤ EC10. The existence of a "fingerprint" based on morphological observations in the FET is, therefore, highly unlikely in the range of acute toxicity, but cannot be excluded for experiments at sublethal concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca von Hellfeld
- Center for Organismal Studies, Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- University of Aberdeen, Institute of Biological and Environmental Science, 23 St Machar Drive, AB24 3UU, Aberdeen, UK.
| | - Pauline Pannetier
- Center for Organismal Studies, Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Braunbeck
- Center for Organismal Studies, Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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4
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Massimino CR, Smilari P, Greco F, Marino S, Vecchio D, Bartuli A, Parisi P, Cho SY, Pavone P. Poland Syndrome with Atypical Malformations Associated to a de novo 1.5 Mb Xp22.31 Duplication. Neuropediatrics 2020; 51:359-363. [PMID: 32016944 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-3402009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Poland's syndrome (PS; OMIM 173800) is a rare congenital syndrome which consists of absence or hypoplasia of the pectoralis muscle. Other features can be variably associated, including rib defects. On the affected side other features (such as of breast and nipple anomalies, lack of subcutaneous tissue and skin annexes, hand anomalies, visceral, and vertebral malformation) have been variably documented. To date, association of PS with central nervous system malformation has been rarely reported remaining poorly understood and characterized. We report a left-sided PS patient carrying a de novo 1.5 Mb Xp22.31 duplication diagnosed in addiction to strabismus, optic nerves and chiasm hypoplasia, corpus callosum abnormalities, ectopic neurohypophysis, pyelic ectasia, and neurodevelopmental delay. Since, to our knowledge, this features' association has not been previously reported, we argue that this case may contribute to further widening of the variability of PS phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela R Massimino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, University of Catania, Catania, CT, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Smilari
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, University of Catania, Catania, CT, Italy
| | - Filippo Greco
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, University of Catania, Catania, CT, Italy
| | - Silvia Marino
- University-Hospital "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele," University of Catania, Catania, CT, Italy
| | - Davide Vecchio
- Rare Disease and Medical Genetics, Academic Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Bartuli
- Rare Disease and Medical Genetics, Academic Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Pasquale Parisi
- Child Neurology, Chair of Pediatrics, NESMOS Department, Faculty of Medicine & Psychology, Sapienza University, c/o Sant' Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Sung Y Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Piero Pavone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, University of Catania, Catania, CT, Italy.,Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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5
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Mesman S, Bakker R, Smidt MP. Tcf4 is required for correct brain development during embryogenesis. Mol Cell Neurosci 2020; 106:103502. [PMID: 32474139 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2020.103502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Tcf4 has been linked to autism, schizophrenia, and Pitt-Hopkins Syndrome (PTHS) in humans, suggesting a role for Tcf4 in brain development and importantly cortical development. However, the mechanisms behind its role in disease and brain development are still elusive. We provide evidence that Tcf4 has a critical function in the differentiation of cortical regions, corpus callosum and anterior commissure formation, and development of the hippocampus during murine embryonic development. In the present study, we show that Tcf4 is expressed throughout the developing brain at the peak of neurogenesis. Deletion of Tcf4 results in mis-specification of the cortical neurons, malformation of the corpus callosum and anterior commissure, and hypoplasia of the hippocampus. Furthermore, the Tcf4 mutant shows an absence of midline remodeling, underlined by the loss of GFAP-expressing midline glia in the indusium griseum and callosal wedge and midline zipper glia in the telencephalic midline. RNA-sequencing on E14.5 cortex material shows that Tcf4 functions as a transcriptional activator and loss of Tcf4 results in downregulation of genes linked to neurogenesis and neuronal maturation. Furthermore, many genes that are differentially expressed after Tcf4 ablation are linked to other neurodevelopmental disorders. Taken together, we show that correct brain development and neuronal differentiation are severely affected in Tcf4 mutants, phenocopying morphological brain defects detected in PTHS patients. The presented data identifies new leads to understand the mechanisms behind brain and specifically cortical development and can provide novel insights in developmental mechanisms underlying human brain defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Mesman
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, FNWI University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Reinier Bakker
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, FNWI University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marten P Smidt
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, FNWI University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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6
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Regulation of Osteoclast Differentiation and Skeletal Maintenance by Histone Deacetylases. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24071355. [PMID: 30959867 PMCID: PMC6479495 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is a dynamic tissue that must respond to developmental, repair, and remodeling cues in a rapid manner with changes in gene expression. Carefully-coordinated cycles of bone resorption and formation are essential for healthy skeletal growth and maintenance. Osteoclasts are large, multinucleated cells that are responsible for breaking down bone by secreting acids to dissolve the bone mineral and proteolytic enzymes that degrade the bone extracellular matrix. Increased osteoclast activity has a severe impact on skeletal health, and therefore, osteoclasts represent an important therapeutic target in skeletal diseases, such as osteoporosis. Progression from multipotent progenitors into specialized, terminally-differentiated cells involves carefully-regulated patterns of gene expression to control lineage specification and emergence of the cellular phenotype. This process requires coordinated action of transcription factors with co-activators and co-repressors to bring about proper activation and inhibition of gene expression. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are an important group of transcriptional co-repressors best known for reducing gene expression via removal of acetyl modifications from histones at HDAC target genes. This review will cover the progress that has been made recently to understand the role of HDACs and their targets in regulating osteoclast differentiation and activity and, thus, serve as potential therapeutic target.
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7
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Romanini MV, Calevo MG, Puliti A, Vaccari C, Valle M, Senes F, Torre M. Poland syndrome: A proposed classification system and perspectives on diagnosis and treatment. Semin Pediatr Surg 2018; 27:189-199. [PMID: 30078491 DOI: 10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Poland Syndrome (PS) is a rare condition, with an estimated incidence of approximately 1 per 30,000 births and encompasses a wide range of severities of chest and upper arm anomalies. The etiology remains unknown, but genetic involvement is suspected. Few radiological investigations have proven useful in the study PS phenotypes and we propose a reference algorithm for guiding pediatricians. Our experience with 245 PS patients in the last 10 years stimulated a phenotypical classification of PS. The management of the different PS types and a therapeutic algorithm according to the phenotypical features of each PS patient are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Grazia Calevo
- Epidemiologic and Biostatistical Unit, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Aldamaria Puliti
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Genova, Italy; Medical Genetics Unit, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Carlotta Vaccari
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Maura Valle
- Radiology Unit, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Filippo Senes
- Reconstructive microsurgery and Hand surgery unit, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Michele Torre
- Pediatric Surgical Department, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy.
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8
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Gui L, Shen S, Mei W. Anaesthesia for chest wall reconstruction in a patient with Poland syndrome: CARE-compliant case report and literature review. BMC Anesthesiol 2018; 18:57. [PMID: 29793431 PMCID: PMC5968485 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-018-0518-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poland syndrome is a rare congenital disease, characterized by agenesis/hypoplasia of the pectoralis major muscle, usually associated with variable thoracic anomalies that needed chest wall reconstruction under general anesthesia. Anaesthetic management in Poland syndrome has scarcely been described. CASE PRESENTATION Here, we present our anaesthetic management of Nuss procedure for chest wall correction in a 5 years old patient with Poland syndrome. We also reviewed the reports of anaesthetic management of Poland syndrome by searching Pubmed, and summarize the perioperative procedures that may warrant a safe surgery. CONCLUSIONS Examinations before surgery, intraoperative monitoring, choice of general anesthetics and pain management after surgery should all be contemplated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Gui
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiqian Shen
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachsetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Wei Mei
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Parmeggiani G, Bigoni S, Buldrini B, Garani G, Clauser L, Galiè M, Ferlini A, Fini S. Double Interstitial Deletion of the Long Arm of Chromosome 6 in a Patient with Pierre Robin Sequence, Dysmorphisms, and Severe Developmental Delay. Mol Syndromol 2017; 9:30-37. [PMID: 29456481 DOI: 10.1159/000480159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Reported here is the case of a 1.8-year-old boy with a 9.6- Mb deletion in 6q13q14.1 and an 11.2-Mb deletion in 6q21q22.31, ascertained through array CGH, as the result of a complex de novo chromosome rearrangement. The clinical picture of this patient is characterized by severe psychomotor delay, dysmorphic features, and some congenital defects. Although, as reported in the literature, phenotypes associated with 6q deletions may vary, an attempt was made to associate the patient's symptoms to either deletion, comparing them to previously reported cases. Only a limited specific correlation was found, probably due to the prevalence of very common symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Parmeggiani
- UOL of Medical Genetics, Department of Reproduction and Growth and Department of Medical Science, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefania Bigoni
- UOL of Medical Genetics, Department of Reproduction and Growth and Department of Medical Science, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Barbara Buldrini
- UOL of Medical Genetics, Department of Reproduction and Growth and Department of Medical Science, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Garani
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Neonatology, Department of Reproduction and Growth and Department of Medical Science, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luigi Clauser
- Cranio-Orbito-Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, University Hospital S. Anna, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Manilo Galiè
- Cranio-Orbito-Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, University Hospital S. Anna, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ferlini
- UOL of Medical Genetics, Department of Reproduction and Growth and Department of Medical Science, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sergio Fini
- UOL of Medical Genetics, Department of Reproduction and Growth and Department of Medical Science, Ferrara, Italy
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10
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Hayashi S, Uehara DT, Tanimoto K, Mizuno S, Chinen Y, Fukumura S, Takanashi JI, Osaka H, Okamoto N, Inazawa J. Comprehensive investigation of CASK mutations and other genetic etiologies in 41 patients with intellectual disability and microcephaly with pontine and cerebellar hypoplasia (MICPCH). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181791. [PMID: 28783747 PMCID: PMC5546575 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The CASK gene (Xp11.4) is highly expressed in the mammalian nervous system and plays several roles in neural development and synaptic function. Loss-of-function mutations of CASK are associated with intellectual disability and microcephaly with pontine and cerebellar hypoplasia (MICPCH), especially in females. Here, we present a comprehensive investigation of 41 MICPCH patients, analyzed by mutational search of CASK and screening of candidate genes using an SNP array, targeted resequencing and whole-exome sequencing (WES). In total, we identified causative or candidate genomic aberrations in 37 of the 41 cases (90.2%). CASK aberrations including a rare mosaic mutation in a male patient, were found in 32 cases, and a mutation in ITPR1, another known gene in which mutations are causative for MICPCH, was found in one case. We also found aberrations involving genes other than CASK, such as HDAC2, MARCKS, and possibly HS3ST5, which may be associated with MICPCH. Moreover, the targeted resequencing screening detected heterozygous variants in RELN in two cases, of uncertain pathogenicity, and WES analysis suggested that concurrent mutations of both DYNC1H1 and DCTN1 in one case could lead to MICPCH. Our results not only identified the etiology of MICPCH in nearly all the investigated patients but also suggest that MICPCH is a genetically heterogeneous condition, in which CASK inactivating mutations appear to account for the majority of cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Hayashi
- Department of Molecular Cytogenetics, Medical Research Institute and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Hard Tissue Genome Research Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Neurobiology and Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SH); (JI)
| | - Daniela Tiaki Uehara
- Department of Molecular Cytogenetics, Medical Research Institute and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kousuke Tanimoto
- Department of Molecular Cytogenetics, Medical Research Institute and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Genome Laboratory, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiji Mizuno
- Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Yasutsugu Chinen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of the Ryukyus School of Medicine, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Shinobu Fukumura
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Takanashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Women's Medical University Yachiyo Medical Center, Yachiyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Osaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical School, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Okamoto
- Department of Medical Genetics, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Johji Inazawa
- Department of Molecular Cytogenetics, Medical Research Institute and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Hard Tissue Genome Research Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Bioresource Research Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (SH); (JI)
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11
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Wright C, Shin JH, Rajpurohit A, Deep-Soboslay A, Collado-Torres L, Brandon NJ, Hyde TM, Kleinman JE, Jaffe AE, Cross AJ, Weinberger DR. Altered expression of histamine signaling genes in autism spectrum disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1126. [PMID: 28485729 PMCID: PMC5534955 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2017.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The histaminergic system (HS) has a critical role in cognition, sleep and other behaviors. Although not well studied in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), the HS is implicated in many neurological disorders, some of which share comorbidity with ASD, including Tourette syndrome (TS). Preliminary studies suggest that antagonism of histamine receptors 1-3 reduces symptoms and specific behaviors in ASD patients and relevant animal models. In addition, the HS mediates neuroinflammation, which may be heightened in ASD. Together, this suggests that the HS may also be altered in ASD. Using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), we investigated genome-wide expression, as well as a focused gene set analysis of key HS genes (HDC, HNMT, HRH1, HRH2, HRH3 and HRH4) in postmortem dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) initially in 13 subjects with ASD and 39 matched controls. At the genome level, eight transcripts were differentially expressed (false discovery rate <0.05), six of which were small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs). There was no significant diagnosis effect on any of the individual HS genes but expression of the gene set of HNMT, HRH1, HRH2 and HRH3 was significantly altered. Curated HS gene sets were also significantly differentially expressed. Differential expression analysis of these gene sets in an independent RNA-seq ASD data set from DLPFC of 47 additional subjects confirmed these findings. Understanding the physiological relevance of an altered HS may suggest new therapeutic options for the treatment of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wright
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Clinical Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,AstraZeneca Postdoc Program, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - J H Shin
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Clinical Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - A Rajpurohit
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Clinical Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - A Deep-Soboslay
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Clinical Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - L Collado-Torres
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Clinical Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - N J Brandon
- AstraZeneca Neuroscience, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - T M Hyde
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Clinical Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - J E Kleinman
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Clinical Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - A E Jaffe
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Clinical Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA,Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - A J Cross
- AstraZeneca Neuroscience, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - D R Weinberger
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Clinical Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Clinical Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, 855 North Wolfe Street, Suite 300, 3rd Floor, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. E-mail:
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12
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Assessment of copy number variations in 120 patients with Poland syndrome. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2016; 17:89. [PMID: 27884122 PMCID: PMC5123256 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-016-0351-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poland Syndrome (PS) is a rare congenital disorder presenting with agenesis/hypoplasia of the pectoralis major muscle variably associated with thoracic and/or upper limb anomalies. Most cases are sporadic, but familial recurrence, with different inheritance patterns, has been observed. The genetic etiology of PS remains unknown. Karyotyping and array-comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) analyses can identify genomic imbalances that can clarify the genetic etiology of congenital and neurodevelopmental disorders. We previously reported a chromosome 11 deletion in twin girls with pectoralis muscle hypoplasia and skeletal anomalies, and a chromosome six deletion in a patient presenting a complex phenotype that included pectoralis muscle hypoplasia. However, the contribution of genomic imbalances to PS remains largely unknown. METHODS To investigate the prevalence of chromosomal imbalances in PS, standard cytogenetic and array-CGH analyses were performed in 120 PS patients. RESULTS Following the application of stringent filter criteria, 14 rare copy number variations (CNVs) were identified in 14 PS patients in different regions outside known common copy number variations: seven genomic duplications and seven genomic deletions, enclosing the two previously reported PS associated chromosomal deletions. These CNVs ranged from 0.04 to 4.71 Mb in size. Bioinformatic analysis of array-CGH data indicated gene enrichment in pathways involved in cell-cell adhesion, DNA binding and apoptosis processes. The analysis also provided a number of candidate genes possibly causing the developmental defects observed in PS patients, among others REV3L, a gene coding for an error-prone DNA polymerase previously associated with Möbius Syndrome with variable phenotypes including pectoralis muscle agenesis. CONCLUSIONS A number of rare CNVs were identified in PS patients, and these involve genes that represent candidates for further evaluation. Rare inherited CNVs may contribute to, or represent risk factors of PS in a multifactorial mode of inheritance.
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Milani D, Cagnoli GA, Baccarin M, Alfei E, Guerneri S, Esposito S. Insights into 6q21-q22: Refinement of the critical region for acro-cardio-facial syndrome. Congenit Anom (Kyoto) 2016; 56:187-189. [PMID: 27038333 DOI: 10.1111/cga.12164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Deletions on chromosome 6q are rarely reported in the literature, and genotype-phenotype correlations are poorly understood. We report a child with a deletion of the 6q21-q22 chromosomal region, providing some intriguing results about the correlation between this region and acro-cardio-facial syndrome, congenital heart disease, split hand and foot malformation, and epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Milani
- Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Anna Cagnoli
- Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Baccarin
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Alfei
- Developmental Neurology Unit, Department of Pediatric Neurosciences, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta", Milan, Italy
| | - Silvana Guerneri
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Susanna Esposito
- Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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14
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Shukla A, Hebbar M, Harms FL, Kadavigere R, Girisha KM, Kutsche K. Phenotypic variability in patients with interstitial 6q21-q22 microdeletion and Acro-Cardio-Facial syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2016; 170:2998-3003. [PMID: 27191798 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Deletions of 6q are known to be associated with variable clinical phenotypes including facial dysmorphism, hand malformations, heart defects, microcephaly, intellectual disability, epilepsy, and other neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric conditions. Here, we report a 7-year-old boy evaluated for facial dysmorphism, trigonocephaly, microcephaly, global developmental delay, and behavioral abnormalities. Molecular karyotyping revealed a 13-Mb deletion within 6q21-q22.31, (chr6:105,771,520-119,130,805; hg19, GRch37) comprising 81 genes. Review of 15 cases with interstitial 6q21-q22.3 deletion from the literature showed that facial dysmorphism, intellectual disability, and corpus callosum abnormalities are the most consistent clinical features in these individuals. Deleted genes and breakpoints in the 6q21-q22 region of the patient reported here are similar to two earlier reported cases with the clinical diagnosis of Acro-Cardio-Facial syndrome. However, the present case lacks characteristic clinical findings of Acro-Cardio-Facial syndrome. We discuss, the considerable phenotypic variability seen in individuals with 6q21-q22 microdeletion and emphasize the need for further scrutiny into the hypothesis of Acro-Cardio-Facial syndrome being a microdeletion syndrome. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Shukla
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
| | - Malavika Hebbar
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Frederike L Harms
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rajagopal Kadavigere
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Katta M Girisha
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Kerstin Kutsche
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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15
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Bradley EW, Carpio LR, van Wijnen AJ, McGee-Lawrence ME, Westendorf JJ. Histone Deacetylases in Bone Development and Skeletal Disorders. Physiol Rev 2015; 95:1359-81. [PMID: 26378079 PMCID: PMC4600951 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00004.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (Hdacs) are conserved enzymes that remove acetyl groups from lysine side chains in histones and other proteins. Eleven of the 18 Hdacs encoded by the human and mouse genomes depend on Zn(2+) for enzymatic activity, while the other 7, the sirtuins (Sirts), require NAD2(+). Collectively, Hdacs and Sirts regulate numerous cellular and mitochondrial processes including gene transcription, DNA repair, protein stability, cytoskeletal dynamics, and signaling pathways to affect both development and aging. Of clinical relevance, Hdacs inhibitors are United States Food and Drug Administration-approved cancer therapeutics and are candidate therapies for other common diseases including arthritis, diabetes, epilepsy, heart disease, HIV infection, neurodegeneration, and numerous aging-related disorders. Hdacs and Sirts influence skeletal development, maintenance of mineral density and bone strength by affecting intramembranous and endochondral ossification, as well as bone resorption. With few exceptions, inhibition of Hdac or Sirt activity though either loss-of-function mutations or prolonged chemical inhibition has negative and/or toxic effects on skeletal development and bone mineral density. Specifically, Hdac/Sirt suppression causes abnormalities in physiological development such as craniofacial dimorphisms, short stature, and bone fragility that are associated with several human syndromes or diseases. In contrast, activation of Sirts may protect the skeleton from aging and immobilization-related bone loss. This knowledge may prolong healthspan and prevent adverse events caused by epigenetic therapies that are entering the clinical realm at an unprecedented rate. In this review, we summarize the general properties of Hdacs/Sirts and the research that has revealed their essential functions in bone forming cells (e.g., osteoblasts and chondrocytes) and bone resorbing osteoclasts. Finally, we offer predictions on future research in this area and the utility of this knowledge for orthopedic applications and bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth W Bradley
- Mayo Clinic, Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Mayo Graduate School, Rochester, Minnesota; and Georgia Regents University, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Lomeli R Carpio
- Mayo Clinic, Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Mayo Graduate School, Rochester, Minnesota; and Georgia Regents University, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Mayo Clinic, Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Mayo Graduate School, Rochester, Minnesota; and Georgia Regents University, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Meghan E McGee-Lawrence
- Mayo Clinic, Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Mayo Graduate School, Rochester, Minnesota; and Georgia Regents University, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Jennifer J Westendorf
- Mayo Clinic, Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Mayo Graduate School, Rochester, Minnesota; and Georgia Regents University, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta, Georgia
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