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Angione SDA, Akalu AY, Gartrell J, Fletcher EP, Burckart GJ, Reaman GH, Leong R, Stewart CF. Fusion Oncoproteins in Childhood Cancers: Potential Role in Targeted Therapy. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther 2021; 26:541-555. [PMID: 34421403 DOI: 10.5863/1551-6776-26.6.541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer remains the leading cause of death from disease in children. Historically, in contrast to their adult counterparts, the causes of pediatric malignancies have remained largely unknown, with most pediatric cancers displaying low mutational burdens. Research related to molecular genetics in pediatric cancers is advancing our understanding of potential drivers of tumorigenesis and opening new opportunities for targeted therapies. One such area is fusion oncoproteins, which are a product of chromosomal rearrangements resulting in the fusion of different genes. They have been identified as oncogenic drivers in several sarcomas and leukemias. Continued advancement in the understanding of the biology of fusion oncoproteins will contribute to the discovery and development of new therapies for childhood cancers. Here we review the current scientific knowledge on fusion oncoproteins, focusing on pediatric sarcomas and hematologic cancers, and highlight the challenges and current efforts in developing drugs to target fusion oncoproteins.
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Melroy-Greif WE, Gizer IR, Wilhelmsen KC, Ehlers CL. Genetic Influences on Evening Preference Overlap with Those for Bipolar Disorder in a Sample of Mexican Americans and American Indians. Twin Res Hum Genet 2017; 20:499-510. [PMID: 29192581 PMCID: PMC6013261 DOI: 10.1017/thg.2017.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Diurnal preference (e.g., being an owl or lark) has been associated with several psychiatric disorders including bipolar disorder (BP), major depressive disorder, and substance use disorders. Previous large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) aimed at identifying genetic influences on diurnal preference have exclusively included subjects of European ancestry. This study examined the genetic architecture of diurnal preference in two minority samples: a young adult sample of Mexican Americans (MAs), and a family-based sample of American Indians (AIs). Typed or imputed variants from exome chip data from the MA sample and low pass whole-genome sequencing from the AI cohort were analyzed using a mixed linear model approach for association with being an owl, as defined by a usual bedtime after 23:00 hrs. Genetic risk score (GRS) profiling detected shared genetic risk between evening preference and related disorders. Four variants in KIAA1549 like (KIAA1549L), a gene previously associated with attempted suicide in bipolar patients, were suggestively associated with being an owl at p < 1.82E-05; post hoc analyses showed the top variant trending in both the MA and AI cohorts at p = 2.50E-05 and p = .030, respectively. Variants associated with BP at p < .03 from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium nominally predicted being an owl in the MA/AI cohort at p = .012. This study provides some additional evidence that genetic risk factors for BP also confer risk for being an owl in MAs/AIs and that evening preference may be a useful endophenotype for future studies of BP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian R. Gizer
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Kirk C. Wilhelmsen
- Renaissance Computing Institute (RENCI), Chapel Hill, NC 27517, USA
- Departments of Genetics and Neurology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Cindy L. Ehlers
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Sakamoto K, Imamura T, Kanayama T, Yano M, Asai D, Deguchi T, Hashii Y, Tanizawa A, Ohshima Y, Kiyokawa N, Horibe K, Sato A. Ph-like acute lymphoblastic leukemia with a novel PAX5-KIDINS220 fusion transcript. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2016; 56:278-284. [PMID: 27870151 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Although "paired box 5" (PAX5)-related fusion genes are well documented in childhood B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), these types of fusion with the exception of PAX5-JAK2 are rarely seen in patients with gene expression profiles similar to those of BCR-ABL1 (Philadelphia)-positive ALL (Ph-like ALL). We report a novel fusion of the genes PAX5 and "kinase D-interacting substrate of 220 kDa" (KIDINS220, also known as ARMS) in a Ph-like ALL. As PAX5 is a master regulator of B-lymphocyte differentiation, PAX5 rearrangements induce a differentiation block in B lymphocytes. KIDINS220 is a mediator of multiple receptor signaling pathways, interacts with both T- and B-cell receptors, and is necessary for sustained extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling. Although functional studies are needed, the PAX5-KIDINS220 fusion protein might not only inhibit wild-type PAX5 function, but also promote sustained activation of the ERK signaling pathway through upregulation of KIDINS220. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Sakamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Imamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
| | - Takuyo Kanayama
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
| | - Mio Yano
- Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization Maizuru Medical Center, Japan
| | - Daisuke Asai
- Department of Pediatrics, Japanese Red Cross Kyoto Daini Hospital, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Yusei Ohshima
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Fukui, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Kiyokawa
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Research, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Japan
| | - Keizo Horibe
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sato
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Miyagi Children's Hospital, Japan
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Janjanam VD, Mukherjee N, Lockett GA, Rezwan FI, Kurukulaaratchy R, Mitchell F, Zhang H, Arshad H, Holloway JW, Karmaus W. Tetanus vaccination is associated with differential DNA-methylation: Reduces the risk of asthma in adolescence. Vaccine 2016; 34:6493-6501. [PMID: 27866770 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.10.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccinations have been suggested to be associated with increased risk of allergic diseases. Tetanus vaccination is one of the most frequently administered vaccines as a part of wound management and was also found to be associated with increased serum IgE levels. We hypothesized that the vaccination modifies the risk of allergic diseases through epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation. METHOD Data on tetanus vaccination between 10 and 18years of age was collected from a birth cohort established on the Isle of Wight UK in 1989. DNA methylation data were collected from individuals at different ages (at birth [n=30], age 10 [n=34], age 18 [n=245] and during pregnancy [n=121]) using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450K array. Firstly, we performed an epigenome-wide screening to identify cytosine-phosphate-guanine sites (CpGs) associated with tetanus vaccination in 18-year-olds. Secondly, we tested their association with asthma, allergic sensitization, eczema, serum IgE and pulmonary lung function (FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, and FEF25-75%). We then described changes in the methylation of the selected CpG sites over age, and by vaccination status. RESULTS Tetanus vaccination was found to be associated with decreased methylation of cg14472551 (p value 0.5×10-5, FDR-adjusted p value 2.1×10-4) and increased methylation of cg01669161 (p value 0.0007, FDR-adjusted p value 0.014). Both CpGs, in turn, were associated with decreased risk of asthma at 18years of age. Cg14472551 is located in an intron of KIAA1549L, whose protein binds to a B-cell commitment transcription factor; cg01669161 is located between an antisense regulator of the proteasome assembly chaperone PSMG3, and TFAMP1, a pseudogene. Increased methylation of cg01669161 was also associated with decreased serum IgE levels. CONCLUSION DNA methylation changes following tetanus vaccination may offer a novel prospect to explain a differential occurrence of asthma in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vimala Devi Janjanam
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Memphis, 236A Robison Hall, Memphis, TN 38152, USA.
| | - Nandini Mukherjee
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Memphis, 236A Robison Hall, Memphis, TN 38152, USA.
| | - Gabrielle A Lockett
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
| | - Faisal I Rezwan
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
| | - Ramesh Kurukulaaratchy
- The David Hide Asthma and Allergy Research Centre, St Mary's, Hospital, Parkhurst Road, Newport, Isle of Wight PO30 5TG, UK; Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
| | - Frances Mitchell
- The David Hide Asthma and Allergy Research Centre, St Mary's, Hospital, Parkhurst Road, Newport, Isle of Wight PO30 5TG, UK.
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Memphis, 236A Robison Hall, Memphis, TN 38152, USA.
| | - Hasan Arshad
- The David Hide Asthma and Allergy Research Centre, St Mary's, Hospital, Parkhurst Road, Newport, Isle of Wight PO30 5TG, UK; Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
| | - John W Holloway
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
| | - Wilfried Karmaus
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Memphis, 236A Robison Hall, Memphis, TN 38152, USA.
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Xue K, Song J, Yang Y, Li Z, Wu C, Jin J, Li W. PAX5 promotes pre-B cell proliferation by regulating the expression of pre-B cell receptor and its downstream signaling. Mol Immunol 2016; 73:1-9. [PMID: 27016671 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PAX5 is indispensable for the commitment of early lymphoid progenitors to the B cell lineage as well as for the development of B cells. Although previous studies have indicated that the Pax5-conditional-knockout mouse exhibited dedifferentiation of mature B cell and the development of aggressive lymphomas, the changes of Pax5 gene expressions in pre-B cells have not been analyzed. To understand the functional importance of Pax5 gene in the proliferation and survival of pre-B cells, we established a Pax5-knockdown model using 70Z/3 pre-B cell line. Pax5 knockdown 70Z/3 cells (70Z/3-KD cells) showed down-regulations of pre-BCR compounds such as CD19, BLNK, Id2 and λ5. The signaling via pre-BCRs was significantly diminished in the 70Z/3-KD cells, and this alteration was normalized by restored Pax5 gene expression. Loss of PAX5 reduced the growth rates in the 70Z/3-KD cells, compared to the mock cells. Meanwhile, the proliferation of pre-B cells was reduced by the knockdown of Pax5 gene. Moreover, further examinations showed that PAX5 was also activated in B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) as a cell proliferation enhancer. These findings suggested that pax5 is critically important for the proliferation and survival of pre-B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xue
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, 9-Western Section, Lvshun South Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China
| | - Jiazhe Song
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, 9-Western Section, Lvshun South Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China
| | - Yan Yang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, 9-Western Section, Lvshun South Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Clinical Laboratory, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, 826-Xinan Road, Shahekou District, Dalian city, Liaoning 116003, China
| | - Chunhua Wu
- Dalian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116036, China
| | - Jinhua Jin
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, 9-Western Section, Lvshun South Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China
| | - Wenzhe Li
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, 9-Western Section, Lvshun South Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China.
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