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Wang Y, Zhao M, Li J, Liu Y. Loganin exerts neuroprotective effect by inhibiting neuronal pyroptosis in rat with cerebral haemorrhage. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2024; 51:e13858. [PMID: 38636940 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) presents significant challenges in clinical management because of the high morbidity and mortality, necessitating novel therapeutic approaches. This study aimed to assess the neuroprotective effects of loganin in a rat ICH model. Sprague-Dawley rats were used, subjected to a collagenase-induced ICH model, followed by loganin treatment at doses of 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg. Neurological functions were evaluated using the modified neurological severity score (mNSS) and a rotarod test. Results indicated a significant improvement in neurological functions in loganin-treated groups, evident from the mNSS and rotarod tests, suggesting dose-dependent neuroprotection. Loganin also effectively reduced the blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and cerebral oedema. Additionally, it mitigated cellular pyroptosis, as shown by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labelling staining and western blot analysis, which indicated reduced levels of pyroptosis markers in treated rats. Furthermore, loganin's regulatory effects on the adenosine A2A receptor and myosin light chain kinase pathways were observed, potentially underpinning its protective mechanism against ICH. The study concludes that loganin exhibits significant neuroprotective properties in a rat ICH model, highlighting its potential as a novel therapeutic strategy. Despite promising results, the study needs further research to determine loganin's therapeutic potential in human ICH patients. This research paves the way for further exploration into loganin's clinical applications, potentially revolutionizing treatment strategies for patients suffering from intracerebral haemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Center of Encephalopathy, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Third Clinical Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Center of Encephalopathy, The Third Clinical Hospital Affiliated to Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Li
- Center of Encephalopathy, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Third Clinical Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Center of Encephalopathy, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Third Clinical Hospital, Changchun, China
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Schwartz L, Aparicio-Alonso M, Henry M, Radman M, Attal R, Bakkar A. Toxicity of the spike protein of COVID-19 is a redox shift phenomenon: A novel therapeutic approach. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 206:106-110. [PMID: 37392949 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that most diseases display a form of anabolism due to mitochondrial impairment: in cancer, a daughter cell is formed; in Alzheimer's disease, amyloid plaques; in inflammation cytokines and lymphokines. The infection by Covid-19 follows a similar pattern. Long-term effects include redox shift and cellular anabolism as a result of the Warburg effect and mitochondrial dysfunction. This unrelenting anabolism leads to the cytokine storm, chronic fatigue, chronic inflammation or neurodegenerative diseases. Drugs such as Lipoic acid and Methylene Blue have been shown to enhance the mitochondrial activity, relieve the Warburg effect and increase catabolism. Similarly, coMeBining Methylene Blue, Chlorine dioxide and Lipoic acid may help reduce long-term Covid-19 effects by stimulating the catabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marc Henry
- Institut Lebel, Faculté de chimie, Université de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Miroslav Radman
- Mediterranean Institute for Life Sciences (MedILS), 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Romain Attal
- Cité des Sciences et de l'Industrie, 30 avenue Corentin-Cariou, 75019, Paris, France
| | - Ashraf Bakkar
- Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, Giza, Egypt
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Ibrahim Fouad G, Ahmed KA. Remyelinating activities of Carvedilol or alpha lipoic acid in the Cuprizone-Induced rat model of demyelination. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 118:110125. [PMID: 37028277 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex and multifactorial neurodegenerative disease with unknown etiology, MS is featured by multifocal demyelinated lesions distributed throughout the brain. It is assumed to result from an interaction between genetic and environmental factors, including nutrition. Therefore, different therapeutic approaches are aiming to stimulate remyelination which could be defined as an endogenous regeneration and repair of myelin in the central nervous system. Carvedilol is an adrenergic receptor antagonist. Alpha lipoic acid (ALA) is a well-known antioxidant. Herein, we investigated the remyelination potential of Carvedilol or ALA post-Cuprizone (CPZ) intoxication. Carvedilol or ALA (20 mg/kg/d) was administrated orally for two weeks at the end of the five weeks of CPZ (0.6%) administration. CPZ provoked demyelination, enhanced oxidative stress, and stimulated neuroinflammation. Histological investigation of CPZ-induced brains showed obvious demyelination in the corpus callosum (CC). Both Carvedilol and ALA demonstrated remyelinating activities, with corresponding upregulation of the expression of MBP and PLP, the major myelin proteins, downregulation of the expression of TNF-α and MMP-9, and decrement of serum IFN-γ levels. Moreover, both Carvedilol and ALA alleviated oxidative stress, and ameliorated muscle fatigue. This study highlights the neurotherapeutic potential of Carvedilol or ALA in CPZ-induced demyelination, and offers a better model for the exploring of neuroregenerative strategies. The current study is the first to demonstrate a pro-remyelinating activity for Carvedilol, as compared to ALA, which might represent a potential additive benefit in halting demyelination and alleviating neurotoxicity. However, we could declare that Carvedilol showed a lower neuroprotective potential than ALA.
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Abdelkader NF, El-Batal AI, Amin YM, Hawas AM, Hassan SHM, Eid NI. Neuroprotective Effect of Gold Nanoparticles and Alpha-Lipoic Acid Mixture against Radiation-Induced Brain Damage in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179640. [PMID: 36077035 PMCID: PMC9456030 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study aims to evaluate the possible neuroprotective impact of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and an alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) mixture against brain damage in irradiated rats. AuNPs were synthesized and characterized using different techniques. Then, a preliminary investigation was carried out to determine the neuroprotective dose of AuNPs, where three single doses (500, 1000, and 1500 µg/kg) were orally administrated to male Wistar rats, one hour before being exposed to a single dose of 7Gy gamma radiation. One day following irradiation, the estimation of oxidative stress biomarkers (malondialdehyde, MDA; glutathione peroxidase, GPX), DNA fragmentation, and histopathological alterations were performed in brain cortical and hippocampal tissues in both normal and irradiated rats. The chosen neuroprotective dose of AuNPs (1000 µg/kg) was processed with ALA (100 mg/kg) to prepare the AuNPs-ALA mixture. The acute neuroprotective effect of AuNPs-ALA in irradiated rats was determined against valproic acid as a neuroprotective centrally acting reference drug. All drugs were orally administered one hour before the 7Gy-gamma irradiation. One day following irradiation, animals were sacrificed and exposed to examinations such as those of the preliminary experiment. Administration of AuNPs, ALA, and AuNPs-ALA mixture before irradiation significantly attenuated the radiation-induced oxidative stress through amelioration of MDA content and GPX activity along with alleviating DNA fragmentation and histopathological changes in both cortical and hippocampal tissues. Notably, the AuNPs-ALA mixture showed superior effect compared to that of AuNPs or ALA alone, as it mitigated oxidative stress, DNA damage, and histopathological injury collectively. Administration of AuNPs-ALA resulted in normalized MDA content, increased GPX activity, restored DNA content in the cortex and hippocampus besides only mild histopathological changes. The present data suggest that the AuNPs-ALA mixture may be considered a potential candidate for alleviating radiation-associated brain toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha F. Abdelkader
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +20-223624917
| | - Ahmed I. El-Batal
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT)—Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo 11787, Egypt
| | - Yara M. Amin
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT)—Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo 11787, Egypt
| | - Asrar M. Hawas
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT)—Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo 11787, Egypt
| | - Seham H. M. Hassan
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT)—Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo 11787, Egypt
| | - Nihad I. Eid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt
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Lin X, Li N, Tang H. Recent Advances in Nanomaterials for Diagnosis, Treatments, and Neurorestoration in Ischemic Stroke. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:885190. [PMID: 35836741 PMCID: PMC9274459 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.885190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a major public health issue, corresponding to the second cause of mortality and the first cause of severe disability. Ischemic stroke is the most common type of stroke, accounting for 87% of all strokes, where early detection and clinical intervention are well known to decrease its morbidity and mortality. However, the diagnosis of ischemic stroke has been limited to the late stages, and its therapeutic window is too narrow to provide rational and effective treatment. In addition, clinical thrombolytics suffer from a short half-life, inactivation, allergic reactions, and non-specific tissue targeting. Another problem is the limited ability of current neuroprotective agents to promote recovery of the ischemic brain tissue after stroke, which contributes to the progressive and irreversible nature of ischemic stroke and also the severity of the outcome. Fortunately, because of biomaterials’ inherent biochemical and biophysical properties, including biocompatibility, biodegradability, renewability, nontoxicity, long blood circulation time, and targeting ability. Utilization of them has been pursued as an innovative and promising strategy to tackle these challenges. In this review, special emphasis will be placed on the recent advances in the study of nanomaterials for the diagnosis and therapy of ischemic stroke. Meanwhile, nanomaterials provide much promise for neural tissue salvage and regeneration in brain ischemia, which is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinru Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Na Li
- Oujiang Laboratory, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Na Li Hongli Tang
| | - Hongli Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Na Li Hongli Tang
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Khan H, Singh TG, Dahiya RS, Abdel-Daim MM. α-Lipoic Acid, an Organosulfur Biomolecule a Novel Therapeutic Agent for Neurodegenerative Disorders: An Mechanistic Perspective. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:1853-1864. [PMID: 35445914 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03598-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Lipoic acid (α-LA) (1,2-dithiolane3-pentanoic acid (C8H14O2S2) is also called thioctic acid with an oxidized (disulfide, LA) and a reduced (di-thiol: dihydro-lipoic acid, DHLA) form of LA. α-LA is a potent anti-oxidative agent that has a significant potential to treat neurodegenerative disorders. α-LA is both hydrophilic and hydrophobic in nature. It is widely distributed in plants and animals in cellular membranes and in the cytosol, which is responsible for LA's action in both the cytosol and plasma membrane. A systematic literature review of Bentham, Scopus, PubMed, Medline, and EMBASE (Elsevier) databases was carried out to understand the Nature and mechanistic interventions of the α-Lipoic acid for central nervous system diseases. Moreover, α-LA readily crosses the blood-brain barrier, which is a significant factor for CNS activities. The mechanisms of α-LA reduction are highly tissue-specific. α-LA produces its neuroprotective effect by inhibiting reactive oxygen species formation and neuronal damage, modulating protein levels, and promoting neurotransmitters and anti-oxidant levels. Hence, the execution of α-LA as a therapeutic ingredient in the therapy of neurodegenerative disorders is promising. Finally, based on evidence, it can be concluded that α-LA can prevent diseases related to the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heena Khan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, 140401, Punjab, India
| | | | | | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, 21442, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, 41522, Ismailia, Egypt
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Jurcau A, Ardelean AI. Oxidative Stress in Ischemia/Reperfusion Injuries following Acute Ischemic Stroke. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030574. [PMID: 35327376 PMCID: PMC8945353 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recanalization therapy is increasingly used in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. However, in about one third of these patients, recanalization is followed by ischemia/reperfusion injuries, and clinically to worsening of the neurological status. Much research has focused on unraveling the involved mechanisms in order to prevent or efficiently treat these injuries. What we know so far is that oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are significantly involved in the pathogenesis of ischemia/reperfusion injury. However, despite promising results obtained in experimental research, clinical studies trying to interfere with the oxidative pathways have mostly failed. The current article discusses the main mechanisms leading to ischemia/reperfusion injuries, such as mitochondrial dysfunction, excitotoxicity, and oxidative stress, and reviews the clinical trials with antioxidant molecules highlighting recent developments and future strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamaria Jurcau
- Department of Psycho-Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Municipal Hospital Oradea, Louis Pasteur Street nr 26, 410054 Oradea, Romania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-744-600-833
| | - Adriana Ioana Ardelean
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Universitatii Street nr 1, 410087 Oradea, Romania;
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Emergency County Hospital Oradea, Gh. Doja Street nr 65, 410169 Oradea, Romania
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Effects of Lipoic Acid on Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5093216. [PMID: 34650663 PMCID: PMC8510805 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5093216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury often occurred in some pathologies and surgeries. I/R injury not only harmed to physiological functions of corresponding organ and tissue but also induced multiple tissue or organ dysfunctions (even these in distant locations). Although the reperfusion of blood attenuated I/R injury to a certain degree, the risk of secondary damages was difficult to be controlled and it even caused failures of these tissues and organs. Lipoic acid (LA), as an endogenous active substance and a functional agent in food, owns better safety and effects in our body (e.g., enhancing antioxidant activity, improving cognition and dementia, controlling weight, and preventing multiple sclerosis, diabetes complication, and cancer). The literature searching was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and SCOPUS from inception to 20 May 2021. It had showed that endogenous LA was exhausted in the process of I/R, which further aggravated I/R injury. Thus, supplements with LA timely (especially pretreatments) may be the prospective way to prevent I/R injury. Recently, studies had demonstrated that LA supplements significantly attenuated I/R injuries of many organs, though clinic investigations were short at present. Hence, it was urgent to summarize these progresses about the effects of LA on different I/R organs as well as the potential mechanisms, which would enlighten further investigations and prepare for clinic applications in the future.
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Zhang H, Wen M, Chen J, Yao C, Lin X, Lin Z, Ru J, Zhuge Q, Yang S. Pyridoxal Isonicotinoyl Hydrazone Improves Neurological Recovery by Attenuating Ferroptosis and Inflammation in Cerebral Hemorrhagic Mice. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:9916328. [PMID: 34541001 PMCID: PMC8445720 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9916328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis and inflammation induced by cerebral hemorrhage result in an excessive inflammatory response and irreversible neuronal injury. Alleviating ferroptosis might be an effective way to prevent neuroinflammatory injury and promote neural functional recovery. Pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazine (PIH), a lipophilic iron-chelating agent, has been reported to reduce excess iron-induced cytotoxicity. However, whether PIH could ameliorate the effects of hemorrhagic stroke is not completely understood. In the present study, the preventive effects of PIH in an intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) mouse model were investigated. Neurological score, rotarod test, and immunofluorescence around the hematoma were assessed to evaluate the effects of PIH on hemorrhagic injury. The involvement of ferroptosis and inflammation was also examined in vitro to explore the underlying mechanism. Results showed that administration of PIH prevented neuronal cell death and reduced lipid peroxidation in Erastin-treated PC-12 cells. In vivo, mice treated with PIH after ICH attenuated neurological deficit scores. Additionally, we found PIH reduced ROS production, iron accumulation, and lipid peroxidation around the hematoma peripheral tissue. Meanwhile, ICH mice treated with PIH showed an upregulation of the key ferroptosis enzyme, glutathione peroxidase 4, and downregulation of cyclooxygenase-2. Moreover, PIH administration inhibited proinflammatory polarization and reduced interleukin-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha in ICH mice. Collectively, these results demonstrated that PIH protects mice against hemorrhage stroke, which was associated with mitigation of inflammation and ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengli Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Min Wen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Jiayu Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Chaojie Yao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Zhongxiao Lin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Junnan Ru
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Qichuan Zhuge
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Su Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
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Akhoundzadeh K, Shafia S. Association between GFAP-positive astrocytes with clinically important parameters including neurological deficits and/or infarct volume in stroke-induced animals. Brain Res 2021; 1769:147566. [PMID: 34237322 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The effect of GFAP-positive astrocytes, as positive or negative factors on stroke complications such as infarct volume and neurological deficits is currently under debate. This review was aimed to evaluate and compare the frequency of studies that showed a positive or negative relationship between astrocyte activation with the improvement of neurological deficits and/or the decrease of infarct volume. In addition, we reviewed two possible causes of differences in results including timepoint of stroke and stroke severity. Time of GFAP assessment was considered as time point and type of stroke induction and duration of stroke as stroke severity. According to our review in the most relevant English-language studies in the PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases from 2005 to 2020, the majority of studies (77 vs. 28) showed a negative coincidence or correlation between GFAP-positive cells with neurological improvement as well as between GFAP-positive cells with infarct volume reduction. In most reviewed studies, GFAP expression was reported as a marker related to or coinciding with worse neurological function, or greater infarct volume. However, there were also studies that showed helpful effects of GFAP-positive cells on neurological function or stroke lesion. Although there are some elucidations that the difference in these findings is due to the time point of stroke and stroke severity, our review did not confirm these interpretations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sakineh Shafia
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
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Khan H, Singh A, Thapa K, Garg N, Grewal AK, Singh TG. Therapeutic modulation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3K) pathway in cerebral ischemic injury. Brain Res 2021; 1761:147399. [PMID: 33662337 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The cerebral ischemic reperfusion injury may leads to morbidity and mortality in patients. phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway has been believed to work in association with its downstream targets, other receptors, and pathways that may offer antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic effects, neuroprotective role in neuronal excitotoxicity. This review elaborates the mechanistic interventions of the PI3K pathway in cerebral ischemic injury in context to nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) regulation, Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 signaling (HIF-1), growth factors, Endothelial NOS (eNOS) proinflammatory cytokines, Erythropoietin (EPO), Phosphatase and tensin homologous protein of chromosome 10 gene (PTEN) signaling, NF-κB/Notch signaling, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) signaling pathway. Evidences showing the activation of PI3K inhibits apoptotic pathway, which results in its neuroprotective effect in ischemic injury. Despite discussing the therapeutic role of the PI3K pathway in treating cerebral ischemic injury, the review also enlighten the selective modulation of PI3K pathway with activators and inhibitors which may provide promising results in clinical and preclinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heena Khan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Anjali Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Komal Thapa
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India; School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Nikhil Garg
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
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IGF-1R stimulation alters microglial polarization via TLR4/NF-κB pathway after cerebral hemorrhage in mice. Brain Res Bull 2020; 164:221-234. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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13
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The Use of Vitamins, Supplements, Herbs, and Essential Oils in Rehabilitation. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am 2020; 31:685-697. [PMID: 32981586 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmr.2020.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The term, dietary supplement, refers to a broad category of products, including herbal or plant-based extracts, micronutrients, and food-based nutraceuticals. The use of supplements in clinical rehabilitation requires clear communication from patients and health care providers to understand the types of products used and their effects on health. Providers should distinguish between using micronutrient supplementation for therapeutic purposes and treatment of nutritional deficiency in patients with malnutrition syndromes. Evidence supports micronutrient and nutraceutical supplementation use to improve pain, functional status, and inflammation. There is little evidence on the use of herbal or plant-based extracts in therapeutic rehabilitation; larger studies are warranted.
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Shaafi S, Ebrahimpour-Koujan S, Khalili M, Shamshirgaran SM, Hashemilar M, Taheraghdam A, Shakouri SK, Sadeghi Hokmabadi E, Ahmadi Y, Farhoudi M, Rezaeimanesh N, Savadi Osgouei D. Effects of Alpha Lipoic Acid Supplementation on Serum Levels of Oxidative Stress, Inflammatory Markers and Clinical Prognosis among Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients: A Randomized, Double Blind, TNS Trial. Adv Pharm Bull 2020; 10:284-289. [PMID: 32373498 PMCID: PMC7191243 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2020.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Stroke is one of the most common conditions causing death. There have been few studies examining the effects of alpha lipoic acid (ALA) on stroke patients. In this regard, the present randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted to examine the effects of ALA supplementation on serum albumin, and inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in stroke patients. Methods: The present paralleled randomized controlled clinical trial involved 42 stroke patients who were over 40 years and under enteral feeding. The participants were randomly assigned into two groups and finally 40 patients completed the study. Patients in alpha lipoic acid group (n=19) took 1200 mg ALA supplement daily along with their meal, and participants in control group (n=21) underwent the routine hospital diet for 3 weeks. Fasting blood samples were obtained and albumin, oxidative stress, and inflammatory indices were assessed at baseline, as well as at the end of the trial. Results: After 3 weeks, treatment of patients with ALA led to a significant decrease in tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels (P=0.01) compared to baseline. But serum levels of albumin, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), highsensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), IL-6 and TNF-α did not change significantly vs. control group (P>0.05). Conclusion: ALA did not significantly change the serum levels of albumin and inflammatory as well as antioxidant capacity indices in stroke patients compared with the control group. More clinical trials with large sample sizes and long duration are needed to clarify the effects of ALA on these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheyda Shaafi
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Khalili
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Mazyar Hashemilar
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Aliakbar Taheraghdam
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyed Kazem Shakouri
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elyar Sadeghi Hokmabadi
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yaeghoub Ahmadi
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Farhoudi
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nasim Rezaeimanesh
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Daryoush Savadi Osgouei
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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15
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Noshadian M, Namvarpour Z, Amini A, Raoofi A, Atabati H, Sadeghi Y, Aliaghaei A, Abdollahifar MA. Alpha lipoic acid ameliorates THIM-induced prefrontal cell loss and abnormal enzymatically contents in the developing rat. J Chem Neuroanat 2019; 103:101727. [PMID: 31740419 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2019.101727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Thimerosal (THIM) is a common preservative used in many pharmaceutical drugs, vaccines, cosmetics and many other products. Today, it was somewhat clear that Thimerosal (THIM) is a neurotoxicant preservative. We aimed to use of a suitable agent for preventing of THIM side effects on brain. Therefore, in this research, the protective effects of Alpha Lipoic Acid (ALA), against THIM-induced brain cell loss, changes in neuroimmune cell and enzymatically contents were examined. Male Wistar rats (n = 60) were randomly distributed into five groups: 1- THIM group; this group received THIM at dose of 300 μg /kg on 7, 9, 11, 15 days after birth 2- ALA group; received ALA (20 mg/kg) in the same order. 3- THIM & ALA group; this group received ALA in the same dose, 30 min before THIM administration.4& 5; Saline and ALA vehicle groups were also included. At 56th postnatal day, samples of the prefrontal cortex were collected and prepared for stereological, immune-histochemical, and enzymatic evaluations. The result showed that ALA, prevents the adverse effects of THIM on brain cell loss, abnormal changes in neuroimmune cells (p < 0.05), prefrontal cortex volume (p < 0.05), and the glutathione content of prefrontal cortex (p < 0.05). In conclusion, neonatal exposure to THIM can induce abnormal alterations in neuroimmune cells and brain cell density as well as prefrontal cortex volume & glutathione content, and ALA can ameliorate these abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrazin Noshadian
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Abdollah Amini
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Amir Raoofi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center,Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Hadi Atabati
- Department of Immunology and Biology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yousef Sadeghi
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abass Aliaghaei
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Modammad-Amin Abdollahifar
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Kwon MY, Park J, Kim SM, Lee J, Cho H, Park JH, Han IO. An alpha-lipoic acid-decursinol hybrid compound attenuates lipopolysaccharide-mediated inflammation in BV2 and RAW264.7 cells. BMB Rep 2019. [PMID: 31383251 PMCID: PMC6726214 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2019.52.8.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the anti-inflammatory effects of α-lipoic acid (LA) and decursinol (Dec) hybrid compound LA-Dec were evaluated and compared with its prodrugs, LA and Dec. LA-Dec dose-dependently inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) generation in BV2 mouse microglial cells. On the other hand, no or mild inhibitory effect was shown by the Dec and LA, respectively. LA-Dec demonstrated dose-dependent protection from activation-induced cell death in BV2 cells. LA-Dec, but not LA or Dec individually, inhibited LPS-induced increased expressions of induced NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) proteins in a dose-dependent manner in both BV2 and mouse macrophage, RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, LA-Dec inhibited LPS-induced expressions of iNOS, COX-2, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-1β mRNA in BV2 cells, whereas the same concentration of LA or Dec was ineffective. Signaling studies demonstrated that LA-Dec inhibited LPS-activated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and protein kinase B activation, but not nuclear factor-kappa B or mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. The data implicate LA-Dec hybrid compound as a potential therapeutic agent for inflammatory diseases of the peripheral and central nervous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Youn Kwon
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, Inha University, Korea
| | - Jiwon Park
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, Inha University, Korea
| | - Sang-Min Kim
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, Inha University, Korea
| | - Jooweon Lee
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, Inha University, Korea
| | - Hyeongjin Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Park
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon 34158, Korea
| | - Inn-Oc Han
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, Inha University, Korea
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17
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Modgil S, Bammidi S, Banik A, Sharma VL, Anand A. Alpha lipoic acid attenuates the long-term effects of lead exposure in retinal ischemic injury mouse model. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:15548-15558. [PMID: 30945075 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04700-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) exposure is reported to be unsafe for humans. There have been several studies documenting acute and chronic Pb toxicity on the organ systems. New studies suggest that early-life exposure to such environmental toxins may increase the susceptibility to late-onset degenerative disorders. We aimed to examine the long-term effects of early-life postnatal exposure of Pb on retinal degeneration. Pb exposure (200 ppm) was provided either at postnatal day 1 through lactation (early-life exposure) or at 7th week of age (adulthood exposure) directly through drinking water for 20 days. The Pb-treated mice were followed till 20 weeks of age. At 20th week, ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury was induced in these mice by pterygopalatine artery ligation. Further, alpha lipoic acid (ALA) was administered to examine its neuroprotective effects against retinal damage. Histological and molecular analysis revealed that Pb-treated mice had greater retinal damage after I/R injury as compared to untreated or ALA treated mice, suggesting that ALA protects the early-life Pb exposure and its consequent impact on later life. The elevated levels of glial derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) and reduced levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) upon ALA pre-treatment suggest that it probably exerts anti-inflammatory effects via upregulation of neurotrophic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Modgil
- Neuroscience Research Lab, Department of Neurology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
- Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sridhar Bammidi
- Neuroscience Research Lab, Department of Neurology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Avijit Banik
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Rollins Research Center, Atlanta, USA
| | | | - Akshay Anand
- Neuroscience Research Lab, Department of Neurology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
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18
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AC-YVAD-CMK Inhibits Pyroptosis and Improves Functional Outcome after Intracerebral Hemorrhage. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:3706047. [PMID: 30410928 PMCID: PMC6206581 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3706047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) refers to bleeding in the brain and is associated with the release of large amount of inflammasomes, and the activation of different cell death pathways. These cell death pathways lead to removal of inactivated and damaged cells and also result in neuronal cell damage. Pyroptosis is a newly discovered cell death pathway that has gained attention in recent years. This pathway mainly depends on activation of caspase-1-mediated cascades to cause cell death. We tested a well-known selective inhibitor of caspase-1, AC-YVAD-CMK, which has previously been found to have neuroprotective effects in ICH mice model, to ascertain its effects on the activation of inflammasomes mediated pyroptosis. Our results showed that AC-YVAD-CMK could reduce caspase-1 activation and inhibit IL-1β production and maturation, but has no effect on NLRP3 expression, an upstream inflammatory complex. AC-YVAD-CMK administration also resulted in reduction in M1-type microglia polarization around the hematoma, while increasing the number of M2-type cells. Furthermore, AC-YVAD-CMK treated mice showed some recovery of neurological function after hemorrhage especially at the hyperacute and subacute stage resulting in some degree of limb movement. In conclusion, we are of the view that AC-YVAD-CMK could inhibit pyroptosis, decrease the secretion or activation of inflammatory factors, and affect the polarization of microglia resulting in improvement of neurological function after ICH.
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19
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Gao X, Chen W, Li J, Shen C, Zhou P, Che X, Li X, Xie R. The protective effect of alpha-lipoic acid against brain ischemia and reperfusion injury via mTOR signaling pathway in rats. Neurosci Lett 2018; 671:108-113. [PMID: 29432779 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-lipoic Acid(ALA), an endogenous short-chain fatty acid, has been found inducing a protective effect against ischemia and reperfusion(I/R) injury. Recently, mTOR signaling pathway has been proved to involve in the mechanism of I/R injury. In our previous study, we determined that ALA could protect cerebral endothelial cells against I/R injury via mTOR signaling pathway. However, whether ALA can protect against brain I/R injury in vivo and its mechanisms is uncertain. In this study, we try to explore if the ALA treatment can protect against brain I/R injury and confirm the relationship between ALA and mTOR signaling pathway. ALA was administrated to the animals after dMCAo and reperfusion model established with or without rapamycin pre-treatment. The results showed the infarct size was obviously reduced after ALA treatment in acute stage, neurological functions were also improved distinctly. The mTOR signaling pathway was remarkably blocked after brain I/R injury while it could be activated through ALA treatment. However, rapamycin, can abolish the protective effects induced by ALA treatment in both acute and long-term phase. In conclusion, we demonstrate the protective effects induced by ALA treatment against the brain I/R injury in rats and mTOR signaling pathway is required for the protective effects of ALA against brain I/R injury. The results might contribute to the potential clinical application of ALA and provide a potential therapeutic target on ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjie Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jingan District Center Hospital, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jinquan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Chao Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Xiaoming Che
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Xiaomu Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Rong Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
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20
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Sanadgol N, Golab F, Askari H, Moradi F, Ajdary M, Mehdizadeh M. Alpha-lipoic acid mitigates toxic-induced demyelination in the corpus callosum by lessening of oxidative stress and stimulation of polydendrocytes proliferation. Metab Brain Dis 2018; 33:27-37. [PMID: 29022246 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-0099-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS), is a disease that degenerates myelin in central nervous system (CNS). Reactive oxygen species (ROSs) are toxic metabolites, and accumulating data indicate that ROSs-mediated apoptosis of oligodendrocytes (OLGs) plays a major role in the pathogenesis of MS under oxidative stress conditions. In this study, we investigated the role of endogenous antioxidant alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) as ROSs scavenger in the OLGs loss and myelin degeneration during cuprizone (cup)-induced demyelination in the experimental model of MS. Our results have shown that ALA treatment significantly increased population of mature OLGs (MOG+ cells), as well as decreased oxidative stress (ROSs, COX-2 and PGE2) and apoptosis mediators (caspase-3 and Bax/Bcl2 ratio) in corpus callosum (CC). Surprisingly, ALA significantly stimulates population of NG2 chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan positive glia (NG2+ cells or polydendrocytes), from week 4 afterward. Accordingly ALA could prevents apoptosis, delays demyelination and recruits OLGs survival and regeneration mechanisms in CC. We conclude that ALA has protective effects against toxic demyelination via reduction of redox signaling, and alleviation of polydendrocytes vulnerability to excitotoxic challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Sanadgol
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Golab
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Science, P.O. Box 14665-354, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Askari
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Moradi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Ajdary
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Science, P.O. Box 14665-354, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mehdizadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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21
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Seifar F, Khalili M, Khaledyan H, Amiri Moghadam S, Izadi A, Azimi A, Shakouri SK. α-Lipoic acid, functional fatty acid, as a novel therapeutic alternative for central nervous system diseases: A review. Nutr Neurosci 2017; 22:306-316. [DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2017.1386755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Seifar
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khalili
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Habib Khaledyan
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shirin Amiri Moghadam
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Azimeh Izadi
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Seied Kazem Shakouri
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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22
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Li W, Yang S. Targeting oxidative stress for the treatment of ischemic stroke: Upstream and downstream therapeutic strategies. Brain Circ 2016; 2:153-163. [PMID: 30276293 PMCID: PMC6126224 DOI: 10.4103/2394-8108.195279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive oxygen and its chemical derivatives, namely reactive oxygen species (ROS), produce oxidative stress that has been known to lead to cell injury in ischemic stroke. ROS can damage macromolecules such as proteins and lipids and leads to cell autophagy, apoptosis, and necrosis to the cells. This review describes studies on the generation of ROS, its role in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke, and recent development in therapeutic strategies in reducing oxidative stress after ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Li
- Center for Neuroscience Discovery, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Shaohua Yang
- Center for Neuroscience Discovery, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
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23
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Choi KH, Kim HS, Park MS, Lee EB, Lee JK, Kim JT, Kim JH, Lee MC, Lee HJ, Cho KH. Overexpression of caveolin-1 attenuates brain edema by inhibiting tight junction degradation. Oncotarget 2016; 7:67857-67867. [PMID: 27708218 PMCID: PMC5356525 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral edema from the disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) after cerebral ischemia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality as well as a common event in patients with stroke. Caveolins (Cavs) are thought to regulate BBB functions. Here, we report for the first time that Cav-1 overexpression (OE) decreased brain edema from BBB disruption following ischemic insult. Edema volumes and Cav-1 expression levels were measured following photothrombosis and middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Endothelial cells that were transduced with a Cav-1 lentiviral expression vector were transplanted into rats. BBB permeability was quantified with Evans blue extravasation. Edema volume was determined from measures of the extravasation area, brain water content, and average fluorescence intensity after Cy5.5 injections. Tight junction (TJ) protein expression was measured with immunoblotting. Cav-1 expression levels and vasogenic brain edema correlated strongly after ischemic insult. Cav-1 expression and BBB disruption peaked 3 d after the MCAO. In addition, intravenous administration of endothelial cells expressing Cav-1 effectively increased the Cav-1 levels 3 d after the MCAO ischemic insult. Importantly, Cav-1 OE ameliorated the vasogenic edema by inhibiting the degradation of TJ protein expression in the acute phase of ischemic stroke. These results suggested that Cav-1 OE protected the integrity of the BBB mainly by preventing the degradation of TJ proteins in rats. These findings need to be confirmed in a clinical setting in human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Ho Choi
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hyung-Seok Kim
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Man-Seok Park
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Eun-Bin Lee
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jung-Kil Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Joon-Tae Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ja-Hae Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Min-Cheol Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hong-Joon Lee
- Medical Research Institute, Chungang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki-Hyun Cho
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
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24
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Lipoic Acid Use and Functional Outcomes after Thrombolysis in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke and Diabetes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163484. [PMID: 27677185 PMCID: PMC5038972 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alpha-lipoic acid (aLA) is a strong antioxidant commonly used for treating diabetic polyneuropathy. Previously, we demonstrated the neurorestorative effects of aLA after cerebral ischemia in rats. However, its effects on patients with stroke remain unknown. We investigated whether patients treated with aLA have better functional outcomes after acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and reperfusion therapy than patients not receiving aLA. Methods In this retrospective study of 172 prospectively registered patients with diabetes and AIS treated with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), we investigated the relationship between aLA use and functional outcome both after 3 months and after 1 year. The functional outcomes included occurrence of hemorrhagic transformation (HT), early neurological deterioration (END), and early clinical improvement (ECI). Favorable outcomes were defined as modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores of 0–2. Results Of the 172 patients with AIS and diabetes, 47 (27.3%) used aLA. In the entire cohort, favorable outcomes occurred at significantly higher rates both at 3 months and at 1 year in those treated with aLA. The risks for END and HT were lower and the occurrence of ECI was higher in patients treated with aLA. In multivariable analysis, aLA use was associated with favorable outcomes both at 3 months and at 1 year. Age, HT, and increased National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores were negative predictors of a favorable outcome. Conclusions The use of aLA in patients with AIS and diabetes who are treated with tPA is associated with favorable outcomes. These results indicate that aLA could be a useful intervention for the treatment of AIS after reperfusion therapy.
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25
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Nehls M. Unified theory of Alzheimer's disease (UTAD): implications for prevention and curative therapy. J Mol Psychiatry 2016; 4:3. [PMID: 27429752 PMCID: PMC4947325 DOI: 10.1186/s40303-016-0018-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review is to propose a Unified Theory of Alzheimer's disease (UTAD) that integrates all key behavioural, genetic and environmental risk factors in a causal chain of etiological and pathogenetic events. It is based on three concepts that emanate from human's evolutionary history: (1) The grandmother-hypothesis (GMH), which explains human longevity due to an evolutionary advantage in reproduction by trans-generational transfer of acquired knowledge. Consequently it is argued that mental health at old-age must be the default pathway of humans' genetic program and not development of AD. (2) Therefore, mechanism like neuronal rejuvenation (NRJ) and adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) that still function efficiently even at old age provide the required lifelong ability to memorize personal experiences important for survival. Cumulative evidence from a multitude of experimental and epidemiological studies indicate that behavioural and environmental risk factors, which impair productive AHN, result in reduced episodic memory performance and in reduced psychological resilience. This leads to avoidance of novelty, dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis and cortisol hypersecretion, which drives key pathogenic mechanisms of AD like the accumulation and oligomerization of synaptotoxic amyloid beta, chronic neuroinflammation and neuronal insulin resistance. (3) By applying to AHN the law of the minimum (LOM), which defines the basic requirements of biological growth processes, the UTAD explains why and how different lifestyle deficiencies initiate the AD process by impairing AHN and causing dysregulation of the HPA-axis, and how environmental and genetic risk factors such as toxins or ApoE4, respectively, turn into disease accelerators under these unnatural conditions. Consequently, the UTAD provides a rational strategy for the prevention of mental decline and a system-biological approach for the causal treatment of AD, which might even be curative if the systemic intervention is initiated early enough in the disease process. Hence an individualized system-biological treatment of patients with early AD is proposed as a test for the validity of UTAD and outlined in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Nehls
- Independent Researcher, Allmendweg 1, 79279 Vörstetten, Germany
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26
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Moon JH, Na JY, Lee MC, Choi KH, Lee JK, Min JJ, Kim KT, Park JT, Park MS, Kim HS. Neuroprotective effects of systemic cerebral endothelial cell transplantation in a rat model of cerebral ischemia. Am J Transl Res 2016; 8:2343-2353. [PMID: 27347342 PMCID: PMC4891447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Human cerebral microvascular endothelial cell line (hCMEC)/D3 cells, which are from a stable clonal cell line of human immortalized cerebral endothelial cells, were intra-arterially transplanted through the common carotid artery in a rat model of photochemical-induced cerebral ischemia. Their therapeutic effects on infarct size, blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown, and outcome were examined. The hCMEC/D3 cells were genetically modified with the firefly luciferase gene for in vivo imaging post-transplantation. Transplanted hCMEC/D3 cells were identified in the infarcted brain by bioluminescence imaging at 1 day after transplantation. Compared with the control group, the hCMEC/D3-transplanted group showed reduced infarct size on day 3, reduced Evans blue dye leakage on day 1 indicating decreased BBB breakdown, and early recovery from Rotarod test neurological deficits. The hCMEC/D3-transplanted group also showed decreased levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, which were inversely correlated with TIMP-1 levels on post-transplantation days 1 and 3. The expression of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β were markedly diminished in the hCMEC/D3-transplanted group compared with controls. The systemically transplanted cells selectively migrated and integrated into the ischemically lesioned area, which accelerated neurological recovery. This new cerebral endothelial cell-based therapy may hold promise for clinical trials in patients with ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Hyun Moon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gwangju Christian HospitalGwangju, Korea
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical SchoolGwangju, Korea
| | - Joo-Young Na
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical SchoolGwangju, Korea
| | - Min-Cheol Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Medical SchoolGwangju, Korea
| | - Kang-Ho Choi
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Medical SchoolGwangju, Korea
| | - Jeong-Kil Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chonnam National University Medical SchoolGwangju, Korea
| | - Jung-Joon Min
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical SchoolGwangju, Korea
| | - Kyung-Tae Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje UniversityGoyang, Korea
| | - Jong-Tae Park
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical SchoolGwangju, Korea
| | - Man-Seok Park
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Medical SchoolGwangju, Korea
| | - Hyung-Seok Kim
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical SchoolGwangju, Korea
- Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists at Chonnam National University Medical SchoolGwangju, Republic of Korea
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27
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Li YH, He Q, Yu JZ, Liu CY, Feng L, Chai Z, Wang Q, Zhang HZ, Zhang GX, Xiao BG, Ma CG. Lipoic acid protects dopaminergic neurons in LPS-induced Parkinson's disease model. Metab Brain Dis 2015; 30:1217-26. [PMID: 26084861 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-015-9698-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS), characterized by a loss of dopaminergic neurons, which is thought to be caused by both genetic and environmental factors. Recent findings suggest that neuroinflammation may be a pathogenic factor in the onset and progression of sporadic PD. Here we explore the potential therapeutic effect of lipoic acid (LA) on a lipolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory PD model. Our results for the first time showed that LA administration improved motor dysfunction, protected dopaminergic neurons loss, and decreased α-synuclein accumulation in the substantia nigra (SN) area of brain. Further, LA inhibited the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and expression of pro-inflammatory molecules in M1 microglia. Taken together, these results suggest that LA may exert a profound neuroprotective effect and is thus a promising anti-neuroinflammatory and anti-oxidative agent for halting the progression of PD. Interventions aimed at either blocking microglia-derived inflammatory mediators or modulating the polarization of microglia may be potentially useful therapies that are worth further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Hua Li
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Brain Science, Medical School, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China
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28
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Wu MH, Huang CC, Chio CC, Tsai KJ, Chang CP, Lin NK, Lin MT. Inhibition of Peripheral TNF-α and Downregulation of Microglial Activation by Alpha-Lipoic Acid and Etanercept Protect Rat Brain Against Ischemic Stroke. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:4961-71. [PMID: 26374550 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9418-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke, caused by obstruction of blood flow to the brain, would initiate microglia activation which contributes to neuronal damage. Therefore, inhibition of microglia-mediated neuroinflammation could be a therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke. This study was aimed to elucidate the anti-inflammatory effects of alpha-lipoic acid and etanercept given either singly or in combination in rats subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion. Both α-lipoic acid and etanercept markedly reduced cerebral infarct, blood-brain barrier disruption, and neurological motor deficits with the former drug being more effective with the dosage used. Furthermore, when used in combination, the reduction was more substantial. Remarkably, a greater diminution in the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha as well as the brain levels of microglial activation (e.g., microgliosis, amoeboid microglia, and microglial overexpression of tumor necrosis factor-α) was observed with the combined drug treatment as compared to the drugs given separately. We conclude that inhibition of peripheral tumor necrosis factor-alpha as well as downregulation of brain microglial activation by alpha-lipoic acid or etanercept protect rat brain against ischemic stroke. Moreover, when both drugs were used in combination, the stroke recovery was promoted more extensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hsiu Wu
- The Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan.,Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan, 736, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Ching Huang
- The Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine and Hospital, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ching Chio
- Department of Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, 710, Taiwan
| | - Kuen-Jer Tsai
- The Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ping Chang
- Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, 710, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Kai Lin
- Li-Sheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Tsun Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, 710, Taiwan.
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