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Gu YG, Gao YP, Chen F, Huang HH, Yu SH, Jordan RW, Jiang SJ. Risk assessment of heavy metal and pesticide mixtures in aquatic biota using the DGT technique in sediments. Water Res 2022; 224:119108. [PMID: 36122448 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals and pesticides (HMPs) are common contaminants due to their extensive use worldwide. Diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) are a good method for measuring the bioavailable concentration of pollutants. This study represents the first evaluation of HMP toxicity in aquatic biota using the DGT technique in sediments. Zhelin Bay was selected as the case study site because it has been contaminated by pollutants. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMS) analysis reveals that a diverse range of pollutants (V, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, InHg, Mo, Cd, Sb, W, Pb, CLP, PYR) are mainly influenced by sediment characteristics. Assessment of single HMP toxicity found that the risk quotient (RQ) values for Mn, Cu, inorganic Hg (InHg), chlorpyrifos (CLP) and diuron (DIU) are significantly higher than 1, indicating that the adverse effects of these single HMPs should not be ignored. The combined toxicity of HMP mixtures based on probabilistic ecotoxicological risk assessment shows that Zhelin Bay surface sediments had a medium probability (54.6%) of toxic effects to aquatic biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Guang Gu
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510300, China; Key Laboratory of Open-Sea Fishery Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510300, China; Key Laboratory of Big Data for South China Sea Fishery Resources and Environment, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, China.
| | - Yan-Peng Gao
- Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Hong-Hui Huang
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510300, China; Key Laboratory of Open-Sea Fishery Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510300, China; Key Laboratory of Big Data for South China Sea Fishery Resources and Environment, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, China
| | - Shao-Hua Yu
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Richard W Jordan
- Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-8560, Japan
| | - Shi-Jun Jiang
- College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210024, China
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Zhang H, Wen M, Chen J, Yao C, Lin X, Lin Z, Ru J, Zhuge Q, Yang S. Pyridoxal Isonicotinoyl Hydrazone Improves Neurological Recovery by Attenuating Ferroptosis and Inflammation in Cerebral Hemorrhagic Mice. Biomed Res Int 2021; 2021:9916328. [PMID: 34541001 PMCID: PMC8445720 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9916328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis and inflammation induced by cerebral hemorrhage result in an excessive inflammatory response and irreversible neuronal injury. Alleviating ferroptosis might be an effective way to prevent neuroinflammatory injury and promote neural functional recovery. Pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazine (PIH), a lipophilic iron-chelating agent, has been reported to reduce excess iron-induced cytotoxicity. However, whether PIH could ameliorate the effects of hemorrhagic stroke is not completely understood. In the present study, the preventive effects of PIH in an intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) mouse model were investigated. Neurological score, rotarod test, and immunofluorescence around the hematoma were assessed to evaluate the effects of PIH on hemorrhagic injury. The involvement of ferroptosis and inflammation was also examined in vitro to explore the underlying mechanism. Results showed that administration of PIH prevented neuronal cell death and reduced lipid peroxidation in Erastin-treated PC-12 cells. In vivo, mice treated with PIH after ICH attenuated neurological deficit scores. Additionally, we found PIH reduced ROS production, iron accumulation, and lipid peroxidation around the hematoma peripheral tissue. Meanwhile, ICH mice treated with PIH showed an upregulation of the key ferroptosis enzyme, glutathione peroxidase 4, and downregulation of cyclooxygenase-2. Moreover, PIH administration inhibited proinflammatory polarization and reduced interleukin-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha in ICH mice. Collectively, these results demonstrated that PIH protects mice against hemorrhage stroke, which was associated with mitigation of inflammation and ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengli Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Min Wen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Jiayu Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Chaojie Yao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Zhongxiao Lin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Junnan Ru
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Qichuan Zhuge
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Su Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
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Alsayed SSR, Lun S, Payne A, Bishai WR, Gunosewoyo H. Facile synthesis and antimycobacterial activity of isoniazid, pyrazinamide and ciprofloxacin derivatives. Chem Biol Drug Des 2021; 97:1137-1150. [PMID: 33638304 PMCID: PMC8113106 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Several rationally designed isoniazid (INH), pyrazinamide (PZA) and ciprofloxacin (CPF) derivatives were conveniently synthesized and evaluated in vitro against H37Rv Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) strain. CPF derivative 16 displayed a modest activity (MIC = 16 µg/ml) and was docked into the M. tb DNA gyrase. Isoniazid-pyrazinoic acid (INH-POA) hybrid 21a showed the highest potency in our study (MIC = 2 µg/ml). It also retained its high activity against the other tested M. tb drug-sensitive strain (DS) V4207 (MIC = 4 µg/ml) and demonstrated negligible cytotoxicity against Vero cells (IC50 ≥ 64 µg/ml). Four tested drug-resistant (DR) M. tb strains were refractory to 21a, similar to INH, whilst being sensitive to CPF. Compound 21a was also inactive against two non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) strains, suggesting its selective activity against M. tb. The noteworthy activity of 21a against DS strains and its low cytotoxicity highlight its potential to treat DS M. tb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahinda S. R. Alsayed
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Shichun Lun
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 1550, Orleans Street, Baltimore, Maryland, 21231-1044, United States
| | - Alan Payne
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - William R. Bishai
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 1550, Orleans Street, Baltimore, Maryland, 21231-1044, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 4000 Jones Bridge Road, Chevy Chase, Maryland, 20815-6789, United States
| | - Hendra Gunosewoyo
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
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Nazim U, Ali SI, Ishrat G, Hassan A, Ahmed M, Ali M, Ali Z, Noori MY. Synthesis, characterization and SEM studies of novel 1-indanyl isoniazid and hydrazide Schiff base derivatives as new anti-tubercular agents. Pak J Pharm Sci 2020; 33:1095-1103. [PMID: 33191234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of study was to synthesize 1-indanyl isoniazid and sixteen other hydrazide Schiff base derivatives from 1-indanone. All synthesized derivatives were screened for the inhibitory activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis on three Mycobacterial strains ATCC H37Rv, known INH-sensitive (INH-S) and INH-resistant strains (INH-R) by proportion method. The derivatives were characterized using different spectroscopic techniques such as UV-Visible, FTIR, 1H NMR, and HREIMS. In addition, to gain more insight into morphology of the structures, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was also performed. The results revealed that 1-indanyl isoniazid derivative (UN-1) exhibited more potent and high anti-mycobacterial activity against both INH-sensitive and INH-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis when compared to standard anti-tubercular drug isoniazid which might be a novel isoniazid derivative as a new anti-tubercular agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urooj Nazim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi
| | - Syed Imran Ali
- Department of Applied Chemistry & Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ghazala Ishrat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Barrett Hadgson University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Amir Hassan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi
| | - Mansoor Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi
| | - Mohsin Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Barrett Hadgson University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zaheer Ali
- Provincial Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, OJHA Institute of Chest Diseases, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi
| | - Muahammad Yahya Noori
- Provincial Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, OJHA Institute of Chest Diseases, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi
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5
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Naeem S, Akhtar S, Zafar S, Iqbal S. In-silico determination of pKa and logp values of some isoniazid synthetic analogues using Marvin software. Pak J Pharm Sci 2020; 33:715-719. [PMID: 32276918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Among the physicochemical properties, pKa and LogP values help us in studying drug parameters like ADME and could be predicted to some extent. With this view, here we wish to predict these two properties of our previously synthesized biologically active derivatives of isoniazid using on-line available program Marvin, a Java-based chemical software application frequently used for chemical modeling. According to Marvin, pKa values predicted 99.99% unionized states of INH and some derivatives at physiological pH 7.4. Marvin calculated LogP values estimated good oral absorption for all the synthesized compounds. Therefore it can be said that the findings of the study emerged in an ideal region that permits the formulation of these derivatives. Since this was just a theoretical study, it demands more experimentation to determine accurate situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabahat Naeem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dow College of Pharmacy, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shamim Akhtar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shaista Zafar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Iqbal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dow College of Pharmacy, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
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Dragostin I, Dragostin OM, Samal SK, Dash S, Tatia R, Dragan M, Confederat L, Ghiciuc CM, Diculencu D, Lupușoru CE, Zamfir CL. New isoniazid derivatives with improved pharmaco-toxicological profile: Obtaining, characterization and biological evaluation. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 137:104974. [PMID: 31252051 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.104974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculostatic drugs are the most common drug groups with global hepatotoxicity. Awareness of potentially severe hepatotoxic reactions is vital, as hepatic impairment can be a devastating and often fatal condition. The treatment problems that may arise, within this class of medicines, are mainly of two types: adverse reactions (collateral, toxic or hypersensitive reactions) and the initial or acquired resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to one or more antituberculosis drugs. Prevention of adverse reactions, increase treatment adherence and success rates, providing better control of tuberculosis (TB). In this regard, obtaining new drugs with low toxicity and high tuberculostatic potential is essential. Thus, in this work, we have designed or synthesized new derivatives of isoniazid (INH), such as new Isonicotinoylhydrazone (INH-a, INH-b and INH-c). These derivatives demonstrated good biocompatibility, antimicrobial property similar to that of parent isoniazid and last but not least, a significantly improved Pharmacotoxicological profile compared to that of isoniazid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ionut Dragostin
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy Grigore T. Popa, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology, 16 Universitatii Str., 700115, Iasi, Romania
| | - Oana M Dragostin
- Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Research Centre in the Medical-Pharmaceutical Field, 47 Domneasca Str., Galati, Romania.
| | - Sangram Keshari Samal
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine for Advanced Therapies, Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, 560 012, Karnataka, India; Laboratory of Biomaterials and regenerative Medicine for Advanced Therapies, Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar 751 023, Odisha, India
| | - Saumya Dash
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine for Advanced Therapies, Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, 560 012, Karnataka, India
| | - Rodica Tatia
- Romanian National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, 296 Splaiul Independentei, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Maria Dragan
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy Grigore T. Popa, Faculty of Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Str., 700115, Iasi, Romania
| | - Luminița Confederat
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy Grigore T. Popa, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, 16 Universitatii Str., 700115, Iasi, Romania
| | - Cristina M Ghiciuc
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy Grigore T. Popa, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, 16 Universitatii Str., 700115, Iasi, Romania
| | - Daniela Diculencu
- Clinical Pneumophysiology Hospital, Medical Analysis Laboratory, Iasi, Romania
| | - Cătălina E Lupușoru
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy Grigore T. Popa, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, 16 Universitatii Str., 700115, Iasi, Romania
| | - Carmen L Zamfir
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy Grigore T. Popa, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology, 16 Universitatii Str., 700115, Iasi, Romania
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Li G, Zhang J, Jiang Y, Zhao LL, Liu H, Li M, Zhao X, Wan K. Cross-resistance of isoniazid, para-aminosalicylic acid and pasiniazid against isoniazid-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in China. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2019; 20:275-281. [PMID: 31425771 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pasiniazid is a chemical complex of isoniazid (INH) and para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS). The aim of this study was to explore the cross-resistance of INH, PAS and pasiniazid against INH-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in China. METHODS A Microplate alamarBlue® Assay was performed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of INH, PAS and pasiniazid against 109 INH-resistant M. tuberculosis isolates. A statistical analysis of the relationship between different genotypes, gene mutations, and INH, PAS or pasiniazid susceptibility was then performed. RESULTS Among the 109 INH-resistant isolates, 13 (11.9%) and 21 (19.3%) showed resistance to PAS and pasiniazid, respectively. Among the 13 PAS-resistant M. tuberculosis isolates, 11 remained susceptible to pasiniazid. Of 63 INH-resistant isolates harbouring mutations in katG, the inhA promoter or the oxyR-ahpC intergenic region, 52 remained susceptible to pasiniazid. Moreover, 11 of 13 pasiniazid-resistant isolates carried mutations in katG, the inhA promoter or the oxyR-ahpC intergenic region. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results demonstrate that PAS resistance and mutations in thekatG gene, inhA promoter or oxyR-ahpC intergenic region in INH-resistant M. tuberculosis have little effect on pasiniazid susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilian Li
- Tuberculosis Branch, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jingrui Zhang
- Tuberculosis Branch, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; Laboratory, Shijiazhuang Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, the Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Tuberculosis Branch, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Li-Li Zhao
- Tuberculosis Branch, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Haican Liu
- Tuberculosis Branch, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Machao Li
- Tuberculosis Branch, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiuqin Zhao
- Tuberculosis Branch, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Kanglin Wan
- Tuberculosis Branch, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
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Brewer CT, Yang L, Edwards A, Lu Y, Low J, Wu J, Lee RE, Chen T. The Isoniazid Metabolites Hydrazine and Pyridoxal Isonicotinoyl Hydrazone Modulate Heme Biosynthesis. Toxicol Sci 2019; 168:209-224. [PMID: 30517741 PMCID: PMC6390808 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In a mouse model, rifampicin and isoniazid combination treatment results in cholestatic liver injury that is associated with an increase in protoporphyrin IX, the penultimate heme precursor. Both ferrochelatase (FECH/Fech) and aminolevulinic acid synthase 1 (ALAS1/Alas1) are crucial enzymes in regulating heme biosynthesis. Isoniazid has recently been reported to upregulate Alas1 but downregulate Fech protein levels in mice; however, the mechanism by which isoniazid mediates disruption of heme synthesis has been unclear. Two metabolites of isoniazid, pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone (PIH, the isoniazid-vitamin B6 conjugate) and hydrazine, have been detected in the urine of humans treated with isoniazid. Here we show that, in primary human hepatocytes and the human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2/C3A, (1) isoniazid treatment increases Alas1 protein levels but decreases Fech levels; (2) hydrazine treatment upregulates Alas1 protein and Alas1 mRNA levels; (3) PIH treatment decreases Fech protein levels, but not Fech mRNA levels; and (4) PIH is detected after isoniazid treatment, with levels increasing further when exogenous vitamin B6 analogs are coadministered. In addition, the PIH-mediated downregulation of human FECH is associated with iron chelation. Together, these data demonstrate that hydrazine upregulates ALAS1, whereas PIH downregulates FECH, suggesting that the metabolites of isoniazid mediate its disruption of heme biosynthesis by contributing to protoporphyrin IX accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Trent Brewer
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105
| | - Anne Edwards
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105
| | - Jonathan Low
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105
| | - Richard E Lee
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105
| | - Taosheng Chen
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
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Naeem S, Akhtar S, Ali Z, Noori MY, Ahmed A. Pharmacophoric screening of newly synthesized isoniazid derivatives and their antimycobacterial activity. Pak J Pharm Sci 2018; 31:567-573. [PMID: 29618449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is clinically recognized as a causative agent of Tuberculosis. Keeping in view, this study was endeavored to screen our previously synthesized seventeen INH analogues for their antimycobacterial potential using proportion method. During this process, INH and all the seventeen compounds were examined at different concentrations of 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2μg/mL which were prepared using Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) base. For drug susceptibility test, three Mycobacterial strains ATCC H37Rv, known INH-sensitive and INH-resistant strains were selected, sub-cultured on LJ Medium and serial diluted to achieve 1:10, 1:100, 1:1000 and 1:10000 from calibrated bacterial suspension Mcfarland No. 1. Dilutions of 1:100 and 1:10000 were added to drug free medium and 1:100 bacterial suspension was added to each of the test concentrations and finally incubated for 4-6 weeks at 37°C. It was observed that only compounds II and XI were active against MTb. Compounds III, IX and X also showed activity but were less potent. Ligand Scout 3.02[il_10] was used to perform pharmacophore-based screening where important pharmacophoric features were identified in the structures of these compounds which could be related to their observed antimycobacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabahat Naeem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dow College of Pharmacy, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shamim Akhtar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zaheer Ali
- Provincial Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, OJHA Institute of Chest Diseases, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Yahya Noori
- Provincial Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, OJHA Institute of Chest Diseases, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ahsaan Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinnah Sind Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
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Amorim CF, Galina L, Carvalho NB, Sperotto NDM, Pissinate K, Machado P, Campos MM, Basso LA, Rodrigues-Junior VS, Carvalho EM, Santos DS. Inhibitory activity of pentacyano(isoniazid)ferrate(II), IQG-607, against promastigotes and amastigotes forms of Leishmania braziliensis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0190294. [PMID: 29281707 PMCID: PMC5745003 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
M. tuberculosis and parasites of the genus Leishmania present the type II fatty acid biosynthesis system (FASII). The pentacyano(isoniazid)ferrate(II) compound, named IQG-607, inhibits the enzyme 2-trans-enoyl-ACP(CoA) reductase from M. tuberculosis, a key component in the FASII system. Here, we aimed to evaluate the inhibitory activity of IQG-607 against promastigote and amastigote forms of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis isolated from patients with different clinical forms of L. braziliensis infection, including cutaneous, mucosal and disseminated leishmaniasis. Importantly, IQG-607 inhibited the proliferation of three different isolates of L. braziliensis promastigotes associated with cutaneous, mucosal and disseminated leishmaniasis. The IC50 values for IQG-607 ranged from 32 to 75 μM, for these forms. Additionally, IQG-607 treatment decreased the proliferation of intracellular amastigotes in infected macrophages, after an analysis of the percentage of infected cells and the number of intracellular parasites/100 cells. IQG-607 reduced from 58% to 98% the proliferation of L. braziliensis from cutaneous, mucosal and disseminated strains. Moreover, IQG-607 was also evaluated regarding its potential toxic profile, by using different cell lines. Cell viability of the lineages Vero, HaCat and HepG2 was significantly reduced after incubation with concentrations of IQG-607 higher than 2 mM. Importantly, IQG-607, in a concentration of 1 mM, did not induce DNA damage in HepG2 cells, when compared to the untreated control group. Future studies will confirm the mechanism of action of IQG-607 against L. braziliensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila F. Amorim
- Serviço de Imunologia, Complexo Hospitalar Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Luiza Galina
- Centro de Pesquisas em Biologia Molecular e Funcional, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Natália B. Carvalho
- Serviço de Imunologia, Complexo Hospitalar Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Nathalia D. M. Sperotto
- Centro de Pesquisas em Biologia Molecular e Funcional, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Kenia Pissinate
- Centro de Pesquisas em Biologia Molecular e Funcional, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Pablo Machado
- Centro de Pesquisas em Biologia Molecular e Funcional, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Maria M. Campos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Instituto de Toxicologia e Farmacologia, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luiz A. Basso
- Centro de Pesquisas em Biologia Molecular e Funcional, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Valnês S. Rodrigues-Junior
- Centro de Pesquisas em Biologia Molecular e Funcional, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- * E-mail: (EMC); (VSRJ)
| | - Edgar M. Carvalho
- Serviço de Imunologia, Complexo Hospitalar Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisa Gonçalo Muniz – Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- * E-mail: (EMC); (VSRJ)
| | - Diógenes Santiago Santos
- Centro de Pesquisas em Biologia Molecular e Funcional, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Naeem S, Akhtar S, Lei ZN, Lu K, Zafar S, Ahmed A, Ali M, Ahmed M, Chen ZS. Cytotoxic and acute toxicity studies of isoniazid derivatives. Pak J Pharm Sci 2017; 30:2411-2415. [PMID: 29188778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is ultimately the result of cells that hysterically grow and do not die. Cells can experience uncontrolled growth if there are mutations to DNA, and therefore, alterations to the genes involved in cell division. Cancer occurs when a cell's gene mutations make the cell unable to correct DNA damage and is unable to destroy itself. There are over 100 different types of cancer each classified by the type of initially affected cell. Isoniazid, a well-known antitubercular agent has been reported to exhibit some cytotoxic activity. This finding prompt us to carry out this study where isoniazid and its sixteen derivatives were studied for any possible cytotoxic activity against Human astrocytoma SNB-19 cells, human Dukes' type C colorectal adenocarcinoma HCT-15 cells, human Dukes' type D colorectal adenocarcinoma COLO-205 cells, and human prostate adenocarcinoma (grade IV) PC-3 cells. Among the test compounds, SN-07 (a phenacyl derivative with para phenyl substitution) demonstrated slight cytotoxic effects on two types of human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells HCT-15 and COLO-205. Moreover, the acute toxicity of the compounds was also estimated in which some compounds were evaluated with more LD50 values than isoniazid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabahat Naeem
- Dow College of Pharmacy, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shamim Akhtar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zi-Ning Lei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, USA
| | - Kimberly Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, USA
| | - Shaista Zafar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ahsaan Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mohsin Ali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mansoor Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, USA
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Ali M, Ahmed M, Hafiz S, Kamal M, Mumtaz M, Hanif M, Khan KM. Metal complexes of isonicotinylhydrazide and their antitubercular activity. Pak J Pharm Sci 2017; 30:2399-2403. [PMID: 29188776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The development and spreading of Multi Drug Resistant TB strains is hampering endeavours for the control and administration of tuberculosis (TB). The expansion episodes of multi-medication safe strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis against first and second line antituberculosis drugs on one side and the unfavourable effects of these drugs on the other side has led the enthusiasm of researcher towards the synthesis of metal complexes of various medication. This approach is born with the expectation of finding new antituberculous operators without or least reactions as well as being active against the resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This study concentrates on the screening of five metal complexes of isoniazid (INH) against five Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. These strains have been confirmed by WHO being active and even proliferating safely even in the presence of pyrazinamide, isoniazid (INH), ethambutol and rifampicin. In this work INH was taken as reference medication. All synthesized complexes and INH were subjected for a month and a half in BACTEC MGIT 960 technique. INH and its Fe (II) complex restrained the development of all bacterial strains for merely two weeks, while the Fe(III), Cu(II), Co (II) and Mn (II) complexes repressed the development five strains for three weeks. Conclusively, the strains utilized in this study were discovered to be more susceptible to the later four complexes than the ligand (INH) drug and its Fe (II) complex. Furthermore, elemental analysis and atomic absorption of all complexes were conducted for the determination of metal to ligand ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsin Ali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mansoor Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Saleem Hafiz
- Department of Microbiology, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation (SIUT), Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mustafa Kamal
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Majid Mumtaz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hanif
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mohammed Khan
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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Rodrigues-Junior VS, Cintra L, Machado P, Dadda A, Basso LA, Mafra ACCN, Campos AH, Campos MM, Santos DS. Toxicological profile of IQG-607 after single and repeated oral administration in minipigs: An essential step towards phase I clinical trial. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 90:78-86. [PMID: 28838610 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2017.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
IQG-607 is an anti-tuberculosis drug candidate, with a promising safety and efficacy profile in models of tuberculosis infection both in vitro and in vivo. Here, we evaluated the safety and the possible toxic effects of IQG-607 after acute and 90-day repeated administrations in minipigs. Single oral administration of IQG-607 (220 mg/kg) to female and male minipigs did not result in any morbidity or mortality. No gross lesions were observed in the minipigs at necropsy. Repeated administration of IQG 607 (65, 30, or 15 mg/kg), given orally, for 90 days, in both male and female animals did not cause any mortality and no significant body mass alteration. Diarrhea and alopecia were the clinical signs observed in animals dosed with IQG-607 for 90 days. Long-term treatment with IQG-607 did not induce evident alterations of blood cell counts or any hematological parameters. Importantly, the repeated schedule of administration of IQG-607 resulted in increased cholesterol levels, increased glucose levels, decrease in the globulin levels, and increased creatinine levels over the time. Most necropsy and histopathological alterations of the organs from IQG-607-treated groups were also observed for the untreated group. In addition, pharmacokinetic parameters were evaluated. IQG-607 represents a potential candidate molecule for anti-tuberculosis drug development programs. Its promising in vivo activity and mild to moderate toxic events detected in this study suggest that IQG-607 represents a candidate for clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valnês S Rodrigues-Junior
- Centro de Pesquisas Em Biologia Molecular e Funcional (CPBMF) and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Em Tuberculose (INCT-TB), Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga 6681 - Prédio 92A Tecnopuc, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Luciana Cintra
- Centro de Experimentação e Treinamento Em Cirurgia (CETEC), Sociedade Beneficente Israelita Brasileira Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pablo Machado
- Centro de Pesquisas Em Biologia Molecular e Funcional (CPBMF) and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Em Tuberculose (INCT-TB), Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga 6681 - Prédio 92A Tecnopuc, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Celular e Molecular, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Adílio Dadda
- Centro de Pesquisas Em Biologia Molecular e Funcional (CPBMF) and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Em Tuberculose (INCT-TB), Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga 6681 - Prédio 92A Tecnopuc, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Celular e Molecular, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luiz Augusto Basso
- Centro de Pesquisas Em Biologia Molecular e Funcional (CPBMF) and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Em Tuberculose (INCT-TB), Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga 6681 - Prédio 92A Tecnopuc, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Celular e Molecular, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Alexandre Holthausen Campos
- Centro de Experimentação e Treinamento Em Cirurgia (CETEC), Sociedade Beneficente Israelita Brasileira Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Martha Campos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Instituto de Toxicologia e Farmacologia, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Diógenes Santiago Santos
- Centro de Pesquisas Em Biologia Molecular e Funcional (CPBMF) and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Em Tuberculose (INCT-TB), Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga 6681 - Prédio 92A Tecnopuc, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Celular e Molecular, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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14
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Pahonțu E, Ilieș DC, Shova S, Oprean C, Păunescu V, Olaru OT, Rădulescu FȘ, Gulea A, Roșu T, Drăgănescu D. Synthesis, Characterization, Antimicrobial and Antiproliferative Activity Evaluation of Cu(II), Co(II), Zn(II), Ni(II) and Pt(II) Complexes with Isoniazid-Derived Compound. Molecules 2017; 22:E650. [PMID: 28422067 PMCID: PMC6154339 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22040650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrazone complexes of Cu(II), Co(II), Zn(II), Ni(II) and Pt(II) with N-isonicotinoyl-N'-(3-metoxy-2 hydroxybenzaldehyde)-hydrazone (HL) were synthesized and characterized by different physico-chemical techniques including elemental and thermal analysis, magnetic susceptibility measurements, molar electric conductivity, as well as IR (infrared), ¹H-NMR and 13C-NMR (hydrogen and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance, UV-Vis (ultraviolet-visible), FAB (fast atom bombardment), EPR (electron paramagnetic resonance), and mass spectroscopies. The crystal structure of ligand was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. Spectral data showed that hydrazone behaves as an ONO tridentate ligand through the azomethine nitrogen, phenolate and keto oxygen atoms. For the copper(II) complexes, metal-ligand bonding parameters were evaluated from the EPR spectra. These parameters indicate the presence of in-plane π bonding. In addition, the f values of complexes 1-4 indicate small distortion from planarity. The effect of these complexes on proliferation of human breast cancer (MCF-7 and SKBR-3), human melanoma (A375), lung adenocarcinoma cells (NCI-H1573) and their antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans strains were studied and compared with those of free ligand. The ligand and complexes 1-3 showed significant antimicrobial activity against the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans in comparison to the control drugs. The complexes 2-4 could be potential antitumor agents, leading to a significant improvement of the cytotoxic activity when compared with HL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Pahonțu
- Inorganic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Diana-Carolina Ilieș
- Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Sergiu Shova
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry "Petru Poni", 41A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania.
| | - Camelia Oprean
- Environmental and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Victor Babeş", 2nd Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timişoara, Romania.
- "Pius Brinzeu" Timișoara County Emergency Clinical Hospital, Oncogen Institute, 156 Liviu Rebreanu, 300723 Timişoara, Romania.
| | - Virgil Păunescu
- "Pius Brinzeu" Timișoara County Emergency Clinical Hospital, Oncogen Institute, 156 Liviu Rebreanu, 300723 Timişoara, Romania.
- Functional Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Victor Babeş", 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timişoara, Romania.
| | - Octavian Tudorel Olaru
- Pharmaceutical Botany and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Flavian Ștefan Rădulescu
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Aurelian Gulea
- Coordination Chemistry Department, Moldova State University, 60 Mateevici Street, 2009 Chisinau, Moldova.
| | - Tudor Roșu
- Inorganic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 23 Dumbrava Rosie Street, 020462 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Doina Drăgănescu
- Pharmaceutical Physics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, Romania.
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15
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Williams GR, Troxler A, Retschnig G, Roth K, Yañez O, Shutler D, Neumann P, Gauthier L. Neonicotinoid pesticides severely affect honey bee queens. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14621. [PMID: 26459072 PMCID: PMC4602226 DOI: 10.1038/srep14621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Queen health is crucial to colony survival of social bees. Recently, queen failure has been proposed to be a major driver of managed honey bee colony losses, yet few data exist concerning effects of environmental stressors on queens. Here we demonstrate for the first time that exposure to field-realistic concentrations of neonicotinoid pesticides during development can severely affect queens of western honey bees (Apis mellifera). In pesticide-exposed queens, reproductive anatomy (ovaries) and physiology (spermathecal-stored sperm quality and quantity), rather than flight behaviour, were compromised and likely corresponded to reduced queen success (alive and producing worker offspring). This study highlights the detriments of neonicotinoids to queens of environmentally and economically important social bees, and further strengthens the need for stringent risk assessments to safeguard biodiversity and ecosystem services that are vulnerable to these substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey R. Williams
- Institute of Bee Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3003 Bern, Switzerland
- Agroscope, Swiss Bee Research Centre, 3003 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Aline Troxler
- Institute of Bee Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3003 Bern, Switzerland
- Agroscope, Swiss Bee Research Centre, 3003 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gina Retschnig
- Institute of Bee Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3003 Bern, Switzerland
- Agroscope, Swiss Bee Research Centre, 3003 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kaspar Roth
- Institute of Bee Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3003 Bern, Switzerland
- Agroscope, Swiss Bee Research Centre, 3003 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Orlando Yañez
- Institute of Bee Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3003 Bern, Switzerland
- Agroscope, Swiss Bee Research Centre, 3003 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dave Shutler
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia B4P 2R6, Canada
| | - Peter Neumann
- Institute of Bee Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3003 Bern, Switzerland
- Agroscope, Swiss Bee Research Centre, 3003 Bern, Switzerland
- Social Insect Research Group, Department of Zoology & Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
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16
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Kavitha Rani PR, Fernandez A, George A, Remadevi VK, Sudarsanakumar MR, Laila SP, Arif M. Synthesis, spectral characterization, molecular structure and pharmacological studies of N'-(1, 4-naphtho-quinone-2yl) isonicotinohydrazide. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2015; 135:1156-1161. [PMID: 25153640 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.07.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A simple and efficient procedure was employed for the synthesis of N'-(1,4-naphtho-quinone-2-yl) isonicotinohydrazide (NIH) by the reaction of 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthaquinone (lawsone) and isonicotinoyl hydrazine in methanol using ultrasonic irradiation. Lawsone is the principal dye, isolated from the leaves of henna (Lawsonia inermis). Structural modification was done on the molecule aiming to get a more active derivative. The structure of the parent compound and the derivative was characterized by elemental analyses, infrared, electronic, (1)H, (13)C NMR and GC-MS spectra. The fluorescence spectral investigation of the compound was studied in DMSO and ethanol. Single crystal X-ray diffraction studies reveal that NIH crystallizes in monoclinic space group. The DNA cleavage study was monitored by gel electrophoresis method. The synthesized compound was found to have significant antioxidant activity against DPPH radical (IC50=58 μM). The in vitro cytotoxic studies of the derivative against two human cancer cell lines MCF-7 (human breast cancer) and HCT-15 (human colon carcinoma cells) using MTT assay revealed that the compound exhibited higher cytotoxic activity with a lower IC50 value indicating its efficiency in killing the cancer cells even at low concentrations. These results suggest that the structural modifications performed on lawsone could be considered a good strategy to obtain a more active drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Kavitha Rani
- Dept. of Chemistry, Govt. College for Women, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, Kerala, India.
| | - Annette Fernandez
- Dept. of Chemistry, College of Engineering, Trivandrum (CET) 695016, Kerala, India
| | - Annie George
- Dept. of Chemistry, Govt. College for Women, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, Kerala, India
| | - V K Remadevi
- Dept. of Chemistry, Govt. College for Women, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, Kerala, India
| | - M R Sudarsanakumar
- Dept. of Chemistry, Mahatma Gandhi College, Thiruvananthapuram 695004, Kerala, India
| | - Shiny P Laila
- Dept. of Chemistry, College of Engineering, Trivandrum (CET) 695016, Kerala, India
| | - Muhammed Arif
- Govt. Arts College, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, Kerala, India
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17
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Matei L, Bleotu C, Baciu I, Diaconu CC, Hanganu A, Banu O, Ionita P, Paun A, Tatibouët A, Zarafu I. Synthesis and biological activities of some new isonicotinic acid 2-(2-hydroxy-8-substituted-tricyclo[7.3.1.0(2.7)]tridec-13-ylidene)-hydrazides. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 23:401-10. [PMID: 25557899 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A series of several new isoniazid derivatives, isonicotinic acid 2-(2-hydroxy-8-substituted-tricyclo[7.3.1.0(2.7)]tridec-13-ylidene)-hydrazides, were synthesized and fully characterized. These new isoniazid derivatives were studied regarding their antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity, as well as their influences on some metabolizing enzymes. The best anti-mycobacterial activity was observed in the case of compounds containing alkyl side chains in the 8 position of tricyclo[7.3.1.0(2.7)]tridec-13-ylidene group. On contrary, the antimicrobial activity of these new compounds against various non-tuberculosis strains showed the best activity to be with the phenyl side chain of compound 6. It proved also to be the most toxic, inducing apoptosis and blocking the cell cycle in G0/G1 phase. The cell cycle was blocked in G0/G1 phase also by compound 3, but this compound did not show any toxicity. All compounds induced the expression of NAT1 and NAT2 genes in HT-29 cell line, and the expression of CYP1A1 in HT-29 and HCT-8 cell lines. The expression level of CYP3A4 was increased by compounds 1, 6 and 7 in HCT-8 cells. These results indicated that the activation of other metabolizing pathways, apart from those of isoniazid, take place. It might also point out the possibility of an increased isoniazid acetylation ratio by co-administration with new compounds in slow acetylators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilia Matei
- Stefan S Nicolau Institute of Virology, Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania; Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Romania
| | - Coralia Bleotu
- Stefan S Nicolau Institute of Virology, Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ion Baciu
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Romania
| | | | | | - Otilia Banu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Prof. Dr. C.C. Iliescu, Microbiology Department, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Petre Ionita
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anca Paun
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Irina Zarafu
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Romania.
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18
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Hee KH, Seo JJ, Lee LS. Development and validation of liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous quantification of first line tuberculosis drugs and metabolites in human plasma and its application in clinical study. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 102:253-60. [PMID: 25459921 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Rifampicin (RIF) and isoniazid (INH), first line drugs for the treatment of tuberculosis, are known to cause hepatotoxicity as a serious adverse side effect. To further understand the pharmacokinetic parameters of these two drugs, we have developed and validated a rapid, sensitive and selective LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous quantification of RIF, INH and their metabolites 25-desacetylrifampicin (DRIF), acetylisoniazid (AcINH) and isonicotinic acid (INA). Analytes were extracted from 20 μl of plasma using solid-phase extraction (SPE) followed by chromatographic separation on Zorbax SB-Aq column (50 mm × 4.6mm, particle size 5 μm) using stepwise gradient elution of 5mM ammonium acetate and 90% acetonitrile with 0.1% formic acid. Separation of all analytes was achieved in the total run time of 6 min. The analytes were detected under positive ionization mode by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) and quantification of analytes was performed by using deuterium-labelled internal standard. Excellent linearity (r(2) ≥ 0.995) was achieved for the analytes at different concentration ranges. The method was accurate (90-115%), precise (CV %<14) and specific. Matrix effect was in the range of 93-111% except for INA (40-42%) while recovery from SPE was reproducible (CV %<7.4) in the range of 60-86%. Post-preparative stability (48 h, 6°C autosampler) and freeze-thaw stability (3 cycles) were assessed with mean recovered concentration of >85%. The method was successfully applied to a clinical study of 33 healthy subjects to evaluate the effect of concomitant of INH on the pharmacokinetic parameters of RIF as well as the segregation of the subjects into slow or fast acetylators of INH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim H Hee
- National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Jerold J Seo
- National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Lawrence S Lee
- National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
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19
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Bhat MA. Synthesis and anti-mycobacterial activity of new 4-thiazolidinone and 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives of isoniazid. Acta Pol Pharm 2014; 71:763-770. [PMID: 25362804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A new series of 4-thiazolidinone (3a-e) and 1,3,4-oxadiazole (4a-e) derivatives of isoniazid were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro anti-mycobacterial activity. The structures of the compounds were confirmed on the basis of spectral data and elemental analysis. Some compounds showed interesting activity against four Mycobacterium strains: M. intercellulari (ATCC 35743), M. xenopi (ATCC 14470), M. cheleneo (ATCC 35751) and M. smegmatis (ATCC 35797). Compounds 3e, N-(4-oxo-2-undecylthiazolidin-3-yl) isonicotinamide and 4e N-acetyl-4-(5-undecyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl) pyridine with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), 6.0 μg/mL were found to be more potent than isoniazid under the in vitro investigational conditions. Compound 3e and 4e bear a high lipophilic chain bonded to the 5-position of the thiazolidinone and 1,3,4-oxadiazole moiety, respectively. This fact indicates that there exists a contribution of lipophilicity, which would facilitate the transport of these molecules through membranes.
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20
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Tayade K, Sahoo SK, Bondhopadhyay B, Bhardwaj VK, Singh N, Basu A, Bendre R, Kuwar A. Highly selective turn-on fluorescent sensor for nanomolar detection of biologically important Zn2+ based on isonicotinohydrazide derivative: application in cellular imaging. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 61:429-33. [PMID: 24934743 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 05/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A new Zn(2+) selective chemosensor (3) was synthesized by condensation of commercially available substituted salicylaldehyde and isonicotinohydrazide, and characterized by single crystal X-ray crystallography. Receptor 3 with Zn(2+) exhibited a highly selective and pronounced enhancement in the fluorescence emission among different cations by forming a 2:1 complex. The receptor can detect Zn(2+) up to nanomolar level (6.75 nM) with good tolerance of other metal ions and can be used for in vitro cellular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kundan Tayade
- School of Chemical Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon 425001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Suban K Sahoo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, SV National Institute Technology, Surat, Gujrat, India
| | - Banashree Bondhopadhyay
- Molecular Biology and Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal, India
| | - Vimal K Bhardwaj
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute Technology, Ropar 140001, Punjab, India
| | - Narinder Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute Technology, Ropar 140001, Punjab, India
| | - Anupam Basu
- Molecular Biology and Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal, India
| | - Ratnamala Bendre
- School of Chemical Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon 425001, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Anil Kuwar
- School of Chemical Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon 425001, Maharashtra, India.
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21
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Rychtarčíková Z, Krátký M, Gazvoda M, Komlóová M, Polanc S, Kočevar M, Stolaříková J, Vinšová J. N-substituted 2-isonicotinoylhydrazinecarboxamides--new antimycobacterial active molecules. Molecules 2014; 19:3851-68. [PMID: 24686575 PMCID: PMC6271275 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19043851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This report presents a new modification of the isoniazid (INH) structure linked with different anilines via a carbonyl group obtained by two synthetic procedures and with N-substituted 5-(pyridine-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-amines prepared by their cyclisation. All synthesised derivatives were characterised by IR, NMR, MS and elemental analyses and were evaluated in vitro for their antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, Mycobacterium avium 330/88, Mycobacterium kansasii 235/80 and one clinical isolated strain of M. kansasii 6509/96. 2-Isonicotinoyl-N-(4-octylphenyl)hydrazinecarboxamide displayed an in vitro efficacy comparable to that of INH for M. tuberculosis with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 1–2 μM. Among the halogenated derivatives, the best anti-tuberculosis activity was found for 2-isonicotinoyl-N-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)hydrazinecarboxamide (MIC = 4 μM). In silico modelling on the enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase InhA confirmed that longer alkyl substituents are advantageous for the interactions and affinity to InhA. Most of the hydrazinecarboxamides, especially those derived from 4-alkylanilines, exhibited significant activity against INH-resistant nontuberculous mycobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Rychtarčíková
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Krátký
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Gazvoda
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Markéta Komlóová
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Slovenko Polanc
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Marijan Kočevar
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Jiřina Stolaříková
- Laboratory for Mycobacterial Diagnostics and Tuberculosis, Regional Institute of Public Health in Ostrava, Partyzánské náměstí 7, 702 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic.
| | - Jarmila Vinšová
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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22
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Malhotra M, Sharma G, Deep A. Synthesis and characterization of (E)-N'-(substituted benzylidene)isonicotinohydrazide derivatives as potent antimicrobial and hydrogen peroxide scavenging agents. Acta Pol Pharm 2012; 69:637-644. [PMID: 22876606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A series of (E)-N'-(substituted benzylidene)isonicotinohydrazide derivatives were synthesized by coupling isoniazid with differently substituted aldehydes and benzophenones in the presence of absolute ethanol along with catalytic amount of glacial acetic acid. The structure of all the synthesized compounds were confirmed and characterized by using various spectral technique like IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectroscopy. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity in terms of zone of inhibition, minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal concentration and minimum fungicidal concentration in camparison to the standard drugs. The results revealed that all synthesized compounds had shown potent to mild biological activity. Among the synthesized derivatives, (E)-N'-(3,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)isonicotinohydrazide 2e, (E)-N'-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzylidene)isonicotinohydrazide 2f and (E)-N'-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)isonicotinohydrazide 2g were found to be the most effective antimicrobial compounds, whereas compounds 2g and 2k were the most potent antioxidants with significant hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manav Malhotra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ferozepur Road, Moga-142001, India.
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23
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Bing C, Xiaomeia C, Jinhenga L. Gene dose effect of NAT2 variants on the pharmacokinetics of isoniazid and acetylisoniazid in healthy Chinese subjects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 26:113-8. [PMID: 21980963 DOI: 10.1515/dmdi.2011.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to elucidate the gene dose effect of NAT2 and the effect on the pharmacokinetics of isoniazid (INH) and its metabolites acetylisoniazid (AcINH) in Chinese subjects. METHODS A total of 24 healthy Chinese subjects, consisting of eight homozygous wild types (wt/wt), eight heterozygous mutants (m/wt) and eight homozygous mutants (m/m) for NAT2, were enrolled in the study. The blood samples (0-14 h) of the subjects were taken after oral administration of a single dose (300 mg) of INH. Concentrations of INH and AcINH in plasma were measured by a reversed-phase HPLC method. RESULTS The ratio of AcINH and INH (R(A/I)) 3 h post-dose of wt/wt, m/wt and m/m groups were 3.22 ± 1.34, 1.35 ± 0.20 and 0.22 ± 0.06, respectively (p<0.01). The area under concentration-time curve (AUC) values of three groups were 10.35 ± 2.12, 16.34 ± 3.05, 42.24 ± 8.51 mg/h/L for INH and 42.19 ± 8.80, 38.05 ± 5.32, 19.78 ± 3.72 mg/h/L for AcINH, respectively (p<0.01). There was a good linear relationship between pharmacokinetic parameters and the number of active NAT2 genes. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that there is a conspicuous gene dose effect in the pharmacokinetics of INH and AcINH. This finding may be valuable in the personalized therapy of tuberculosis with INH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Bing
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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24
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Sahebalzamani H, Khaligh N, Ghammamy S, Salimi F, Mehrani K. Crystal structure and density functional theory study on structural properties and energies of a isonicotinohydrazide compound. Molecules 2011; 16:7715-24. [PMID: 21904271 PMCID: PMC6264359 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16097715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Revised: 09/03/2011] [Accepted: 09/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An X-ray and a theoretical study of the structure of the isoniazid derivative N'-(4-dimethylaminobenzylidene)-isonicotinohydrazide monohydrate (1) are reported. In this work, we will report a combined experimental and theoretical study on the molecular structure, vibrational spectra and energies of N'-(4-dimethylaminobenzylidene)-isonicotinohydrazide monohydrate. The calculated parameters are in good agreement with the corresponding X-ray diffraction values. The FTIR spectrum in the range of 400-4000 cm-1 of N'-(4-dimethylaminobenzylidene)-isonicotinohydrazide monohydrate has been recorded. The molecular geometry and vibrational frequencies and energies in the ground state are calculated by using the DFT (B3LYP, PBE1PBE) methods with 6-311G** basis sets. The calculated HOMO and LUMO energies also confirm that charge transfer occurs within the molecule. The geometries and normal modes of vibrations obtained from B3LYP/PBE1PBE/6-311G** calculations are in good agreement with the experimentally observed data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Sahebalzamani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Nina Khaligh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Shahriar Ghammamy
- Department of Chemistry, Facutly of Science, Takestan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Takestan, Iran
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +98-9123162933; Fax: +98-281-3780040
| | - Farshid Salimi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Kheyrollah Mehrani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran
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25
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da Costa ALP, Pauli I, Dorn M, Schroeder EK, Zhan CG, de Souza ON. Conformational changes in 2-trans-enoyl-ACP (CoA) reductase (InhA) from M. tuberculosis induced by an inorganic complex: a molecular dynamics simulation study. J Mol Model 2011; 18:1779-90. [PMID: 21833828 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-011-1200-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2010] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
InhA, the NADH-dependent 2-trans-enoyl-ACP reductase enzyme from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), is involved in the biosynthesis of mycolic acids, the hallmark of mycobacterial cell wall. InhA has been shown to be the primary target of isoniazid (INH), one of the oldest synthetic antitubercular drugs. INH is a prodrug which is biologically activated by the MTB catalase-peroxidase KatG enzyme. The activation reaction promotes the formation of an isonicotinyl-NAD adduct which inhibits the InhA enzyme, resulting in reduction of mycolic acid biosynthesis. As a result of rational drug design efforts to design alternative drugs capable of inhibiting MTB's InhA, the inorganic complex pentacyano(isoniazid)ferrate(II) (PIF) was developed. PIF inhibited both wild-type and INH-resistant Ile21Val mutants of InhA and this inactivation did not require activation by KatG. Since no three-dimensional structure of the InhA-PIF complex is available to confirm the binding mode and to assess the molecular interactions with the protein active site residues, here we report the results of molecular dynamics simulations of PIF interaction with InhA. We found that PIF strongly interacts with InhA and that these interactions lead to macromolecular instabilities reflected in the long time necessary for simulation convergence. These instabilities were mainly due to perturbation of the substrate binding loop, particularly the partial denaturation of helices α6 and α7. We were also able to correlate the changes in the SASAs of Trp residues with the recent spectrofluorimetric investigation of the InhA-PIF complex and confirm their suggestion that the changes in fluorescence are due to InhA conformational changes upon PIF binding. The InhA-PIF association is very strong in the first 20.0 ns, but becomes very week at the end of the simulation, suggesting that the PIF binding mode we simulated may not reflect that of the actual InhA-PIF complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- André L P da Costa
- LABIO-Laboratório de Bioinformática, Modelagem e Simulação de Biossistemas, PPGCC, Faculdade de Informática, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
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26
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Abstract
Abstract
Pharmacokinetic interactions between isoniazid and theophylline were studied in male Wistar rats, 206±17 g. Concomitant oral administration of 2 × 5 mg kg−1 isoniazid accelerated slightly the disposition of theophylline (10 mg kg−1, i.v.) whereas 2 × 25 mg kg−1 isoniazid slowed it marginally. The differences in distribution volume, systemic clearance and area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) between the high and the low dose, however, were statistically significant. One week pretreatment with 10 mg kg−1 isoniazid tended towards inhibition (significant decrease of systemic clearance, increase of AUC) and 50 mg kg−1 to acceleration (decrease of half-life, mean residence time and AUC, increase of systemic clearance) of theophylline disposition. After oral pretreatment with 20 mg kg−1 theophylline, neither the kinetics of free isoniazid (50 mg kg−1, i.v.) and the amount acetylated nor the acetylation indices differed from the controls. There was no evidence that concomitant or subacute administration of different doses of isoniazid affects major metabolic pathways of theophylline or that prolonged theophylline treatment interacts with the N-acetylation capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Zeruesenay
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Greifswald, Germany
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27
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Gilani SJ, Khan SA, Alam O, Siddiqui N. Synthesis and in vitro antimicrobial evaluation of condensed heterocyclic 6-substituted 1,2,4-triazolo-[3,4-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazole and 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives of isoniazid. Acta Pol Pharm 2011; 68:205-211. [PMID: 21485293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A series of 6-substituted-1,2,4-triazolo-[3,4-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazole (3a-g) and 1,3,4-oxadiazole (4a-g, 5) derivatives of isoniazid were synthesized in satisfactory yield and pharmacologically evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial activity. All the synthesized compounds were in good agreement with elemental and spectral data. A majority of the tested compounds showed good to moderate antimicrobial activity against all tested pathogenic bacterial and fungal strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Jamal Gilani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi 110062, India.
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28
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Hunoor RS, Patil BR, Badiger DS, Vadavi RS, Gudasi KB, Chandrashekhar VM, Muchchandi IS. Spectroscopic, magnetic and thermal studies of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes of 3-acetylcoumarin-isonicotinoylhydrazone and their antimicrobial and anti-tubercular activity evaluation. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2010; 77:838-844. [PMID: 20833102 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2010.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2009] [Revised: 07/17/2010] [Accepted: 08/04/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes with a new heterocyclic Schiff base derived by the condensation of isonicotinoylhydrazide and 3-acetylcoumarin have been synthesized. ¹H, ¹³C and 2D HETCOR NMR analyses confirm the formation of title compound and existence of the same in two isomeric forms. The metal complexes were characterized on the basis of various spectroscopic techniques like electronic, EPR, IR, ¹H and ¹³C NMR studies, elemental analysis, magnetic properties and thermogravimetric analysis, and also by the aid of molar conductivity measurements. It is found that the Schiff base behaves as a monobasic tridentate ligand coordinating in the imidol form with 1:1 metal to ligand stoichiometry. Trigonal bipyramidal geometry has been assigned for Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes, while tetrahedral for Co(II) and Zn(II) complexes. The compounds were subjected to antimicrobial and anti-tubercular activity screening using serial broth dilution method and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) is determined. Zn(II) complex has shown significant antifungal activity with an MIC of 6.25 μg/mL while Cu(II) complex is noticeable for antibacterial activity at the same concentration. Anti-TB activity of the ligand has enhanced on complexation with Co(II) and Ni(II) ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha S Hunoor
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, Karnatak University, Pavate Nagar, Dharwad 580 003, Karnataka, India
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Manimekalai A, Saradhadevi N, Thiruvalluvar A. Molecular structures, spectral and computational studies on nicotinohydrazides. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2010; 77:687-695. [PMID: 20638897 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2010.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2009] [Revised: 05/27/2010] [Accepted: 06/18/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The FT-IR and the high resolution (1)H and (13)C NMR spectra have been recorded for N'-(2-methyl-3-phenylallylidene)nicotinohydrazide (1) and N'-(2-methyl-3-phenylallylidene)isonicotinohydrazide (2) and analyzed. (1)H-(1)H COSY spectra were also recorded for the hydrazides. The spectral studies reveal that both the hydrazides exist in the keto form. Theoretical calculations were performed for some possible conformations of the hydrazide and the minimum energy conformers are predicted to be the one in which the azomethine protons are syn to N-NH bond. From the optimized structures, HOMO-LUMO energy gap and geometrical parameters were derived and these parameters were compared with the XRD measurements of hydrazide 1. The vibrational frequencies in the ground state have been calculated using DFT and HF methods and compared with the observed frequencies. Non-linear optical (NLO) behaviour of the hydrazides was investigated by the determination of the electric dipole moment mu, the polarizability alpha and the hyperpolarizability beta using B(3)LYP method.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Manimekalai
- Department of Chemistry, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Chidambaram, India.
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30
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Wiseman B, Carpena X, Feliz M, Donald LJ, Pons M, Fita I, Loewen PC. Isonicotinic acid hydrazide conversion to Isonicotinyl-NAD by catalase-peroxidases. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:26662-73. [PMID: 20554537 PMCID: PMC2924108 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.139428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2010] [Revised: 05/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the pro-drug isoniazid (INH) as an anti-tubercular drug in Mycobacterium tuberculosis involves its conversion to isonicotinyl-NAD, a reaction that requires the catalase-peroxidase KatG. This report shows that the reaction proceeds in the absence of KatG at a slow rate in a mixture of INH, NAD(+), Mn(2+), and O(2), and that the inclusion of KatG increases the rate by >7 times. Superoxide, generated by either Mn(2+)- or KatG-catalyzed reduction of O(2), is an essential intermediate in the reaction. Elimination of the peroxidatic process by mutation slows the rate of reaction by 60% revealing that the peroxidatic process enhances, but is not essential for isonicotinyl-NAD formation. The isonicotinyl-NAD(*+) radical is identified as a reaction intermediate, and its reduction by superoxide is proposed. Binding sites for INH and its co-substrate, NAD(+), are identified for the first time in crystal complexes of Burkholderia pseudomallei catalase-peroxidase with INH and NAD(+) grown by co-crystallization. The best defined INH binding sites were identified, one in each subunit, on the opposite side of the protein from the entrance to the heme cavity in a funnel-shaped channel. The NAD(+) binding site is approximately 20 A from the entrance to the heme cavity and involves interactions primarily with the AMP portion of the molecule in agreement with the NMR saturation transfer difference results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xavi Carpena
- the Institute for Research in Biomedicine and
- Institut de Biologia Molecular, Parc Científic, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, and
| | - Miguel Feliz
- the Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Miquel Pons
- the Institute for Research in Biomedicine and
- the Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Fita
- the Institute for Research in Biomedicine and
- Institut de Biologia Molecular, Parc Científic, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, and
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31
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Punkvang A, Saparpakorn P, Hannongbua S, Wolschann P, Pungpo P. Elucidating drug-enzyme interactions and their structural basis for improving the affinity and potency of isoniazid and its derivatives based on computer modeling approaches. Molecules 2010; 15:2791-813. [PMID: 20428080 PMCID: PMC6257264 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15042791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2010] [Revised: 03/31/2010] [Accepted: 04/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The enoyl-ACP reductase enzyme (InhA) from M. tuberculosis is recognized as the primary target of isoniazid (INH), a first-line antibiotic for tuberculosis treatment. To identify the specific interactions of INH-NAD adduct and its derivative adducts in InhA binding pocket, molecular docking calculations and quantum chemical calculations were performed on a set of INH derivative adducts. Reliable binding modes of INH derivative adducts in the InhA pocket were established using the Autodock 3.05 program, which shows a good ability to reproduce the X-ray bound conformation with rmsd of less than 1.0 A. The interaction energies of the INH-NAD adduct and its derivative adducts with individual amino acids in the InhA binding pocket were computed based on quantum chemical calculations at the MP2/6-31G (d) level. The molecular docking and quantum chemical calculation results reveal that hydrogen bond interactions are the main interactions for adduct binding. To clearly delineate the linear relationship between structure and activity of these adducts, CoMFA and CoMSIA models were set up based on molecular docking alignment. The resulting CoMFA and CoMSIA models are in conformity with the best statistical qualities, in which r2cv is 0.67 and 0.74, respectively. Structural requirements of isoniazid derivatives that can be incorporated into the isoniazid framework to improve the activity have been identified through CoMFA and CoMSIA steric and electrostatic contour maps. The integrated results from structure-based, ligand-based design approaches and quantum chemical calculations provide useful structural information facilitating the design of new and more potentially effective antitubercular agents as follow: the R substituents of isoniazid derivatives should contain a large plane and both sides of the plane should contain an electropositive group. Moreover, the steric and electrostatic fields of the 4-pyridyl ring are optimal for greater potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Auradee Punkvang
- Department of Chemistry, Ubon Ratchathani University, 85 Sthollmark Rd., Warinchamrap, Ubonratchathani, 34190, Thailand
| | | | - Supa Hannongbua
- Department of Chemistry, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Peter Wolschann
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Pornpan Pungpo
- Department of Chemistry, Ubon Ratchathani University, 85 Sthollmark Rd., Warinchamrap, Ubonratchathani, 34190, Thailand
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32
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Liu P, Jiang JM, Zhou ZF. [High-performance liquid chromatography for detecting the concentrations of isoniazid and acetylisoniazid in spinal tuberculosis]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2010; 30:364-367. [PMID: 20159724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the distribution of isoniazid and its metabolite in spinal tuberculosis following chemotherapy. METHODS Twenty-three patients with spinal tuberculosis received chemotherapy with 2SHRZ/16HRZ (for a total of 18 months). Four weeks after the chemotherapy, all the patients underwent surgery and specimens of the serum, ilium and vertebral tissue including the sclerotic wall, focus inside the sclerotic wall (if present) and destructed foci were obtained. CT was performed in all the cases to test the HU of the foci before operation, and the levels of isoniazid and its metabolite in the specimen were measured with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS The levels of isoniazid and its metabolite were the highest in the serum, followed by normal ilium and non-sclerotic bone, and were extremely low in the sclerotic wall and foci. Their levels in the non-sclerotic bone of the compromised vertebra and normal vertebra showed no significant difference (P>0.05), but in the sclerotic bone, their levels were significantly higher than in the normal vertebra (P<0.05). Isoniazid and its metabolite are hardly detectable in the sclerotic foci in the compromised vertebrae. CONCLUSION Isoniazid and its metabolite may reach therapeutic concentration in normal vertebra and nonsclerotic bones of the compromised vertebra, but not in the disease foci or the sclerotic bone of the compromised vertebrae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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Hearn MJ, Cynamon MH, Chen MF, Coppins R, Davis J, Joo-On Kang H, Noble A, Tu-Sekine B, Terrot MS, Trombino D, Thai M, Webster ER, Wilson R. Preparation and antitubercular activities in vitro and in vivo of novel Schiff bases of isoniazid. Eur J Med Chem 2009; 44:4169-78. [PMID: 19524330 PMCID: PMC2735020 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2009.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2008] [Revised: 05/07/2009] [Accepted: 05/12/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Structural modification of the frontline antitubercular isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INH) provides lipophilic adaptations (3-46) of the drug in which the hydrazine moiety of the parent compound has been chemically blocked from the deactivating process of N(2)-acetylation by N-arylaminoacetyl transferases. As a class, these compounds show high levels of activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vitro and in tuberculosis-infected macrophages. They provide strong protection in tuberculosis-infected mice and have low toxicity. With some representatives of this class achieving early peak plasma concentrations approximately three orders of magnitude above minimum inhibitory concentration, they may serve as tools for improving our understanding of INH-based treatment modalities, particularly for those patients chronically underdosed in conventional INH therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Hearn
- Department of Chemistry, Wellesley College, 106 Central Street, Wellesley, MA 02481, USA.
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Husain A. Amide derivatives of sulfonamides and isoniazid: synthesis and biological evaluation. Acta Pol Pharm 2009; 66:513-521. [PMID: 19894647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, various amide derivatives of sulfanilamide, sulfamethoxazole, sulfadiazine, dapsone and isoniazid have been synthesized by condensing them with appropriate 4-oxo-4-(4-substituted phenyl)butanoic acid moiety. The compounds have been evaluated for their antiinflammatory, ulcerogenic and antibacterial activities. Their structures were established on the basis of elemental analysis, 1H NMR and mass spectral data. Some of the compounds were found to have significant antiinflammatory and antibacterial activities. Additionally, these derivatives were low in their ulcerogenic action, which is the main side effect of commonly used NSAIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Husain
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard University, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi-110062, India.
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Abou-Melha KS. Transition metal complexes of isonicotinic acid (2-hydroxybenzylidene)hydrazide. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2008; 70:162-70. [PMID: 17728178 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2007.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2007] [Revised: 06/28/2007] [Accepted: 07/19/2007] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
A new series of transition metal complexes of Schiff base isonicotinic acid (2-hydroxybenzylidene)hydrazide, HL, have been synthesized. The Schiff base reacted with Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), Mn(II), Fe(III) and UO2(II) ions as monobasic tridentate ligand to yield mononuclear complexes of 1:2 (metal:ligand) except that of Cu(II) which form complex of 1:1 (metal:ligand). The ligand and its metal complexes were characterized by elemental analyses, IR, UV-vis, mass and 1H NMR spectra, as well as magnetic moment, conductance measurements, and thermal analyses. All complexes have octahedral configurations except Cu(II) complex which has an extra square planar geometry distorted towards tetrahedral. While, the UO2(II) complex has its favour hepta-coordination. The ligand and its metal complexes were tested against one strain Gram +ve bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus), Gram -ve bacteria (Escherichia coli), and Fungi (Candida albicans). The tested compounds exhibited higher antibacterial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khlood S Abou-Melha
- Education College for Girls, Scientific Department, Abha, Assir, Saudi Arabia (KSA).
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Um SW, Lee SW, Kwon SY, Yoon HI, Park KU, Song J, Lee CT, Lee JH. Low serum concentrations of anti-tuberculosis drugs and determinants of their serum levels. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2007; 11:972-8. [PMID: 17705974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
SETTING Low serum concentrations of anti-tuberculosis drugs have occasionally been associated with treatment failure. OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of low serum concentrations of anti-tuberculosis drugs and to identify the determinants of drug concentrations. DESIGN Venous blood was obtained 2 h after drug ingestion, and serum levels of isoniazid (INH), rifampicin (RMP), ethambutol (EMB), pyrazinamide (PZA), acetyl INH and 25-desacetyl RMP were analysed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Patients with human immunodeficiency virus co-infection and gastrointestinal disease or diarrhoea were excluded. RESULTS Among 69 enrolled TB patients, the prevalence of a low 2 h serum concentration of at least one anti-tuberculosis drug was 46.4%. Prevalences of a low concentration of INH, RMP, EMB or PZA were 15.2%, 23.5%, 22.4% and 4.5%, respectively. By multivariate linear regression analysis, the serum concentrations of INH, RMP and PZA were positively associated with dose per kg of body weight (P < 0.05). Moreover, INH concentration was associated with acetyl INH/INH ratio (beta = -8.588, P < 0.001) and EMB concentration was associated with calculated creatinine clearance (beta = -0.025, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Low concentrations of anti-tuberculosis drugs are common, and although the clinical significance of low concentrations remains uncertain, it may be necessary to optimise drug doses by therapeutic drug monitoring, especially in patients with an inadequate clinical response to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-W Um
- Department of Internal Medicine and Lung Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Dias MVB, Vasconcelos IB, Prado AMX, Fadel V, Basso LA, de Azevedo WF, Santos DS. Crystallographic studies on the binding of isonicotinyl-NAD adduct to wild-type and isoniazid resistant 2-trans-enoyl-ACP (CoA) reductase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Struct Biol 2007; 159:369-80. [PMID: 17588773 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2007.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2007] [Revised: 03/27/2007] [Accepted: 04/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The resumption of tuberculosis led to an increased need to understand the molecular mechanisms of drug action and drug resistance, which should provide significant insight into the development of newer compounds. Isoniazid (INH), the most prescribed drug to treat TB, inhibits an NADH-dependent enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (InhA) that provides precursors of mycolic acids, which are components of the mycobacterial cell wall. InhA is the major target of the mode of action of isoniazid. INH is a pro-drug that needs activation to form the inhibitory INH-NAD adduct. Missense mutations in the inhA structural gene have been identified in clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant to INH. To understand the mechanism of resistance to INH, we have solved the structure of two InhA mutants (I21V and S94A), identified in INH-resistant clinical isolates, and compare them to INH-sensitive WT InhA structure in complex with the INH-NAD adduct. We also solved the structure of unliganded INH-resistant S94A protein, which is the first report on apo form of InhA. The salient features of these structures are discussed and should provide structural information to improve our understanding of the mechanism of action of, and resistance to, INH in M. tuberculosis. The unliganded structure of InhA allows identification of conformational changes upon ligand binding and should help structure-based drug design of more potent antimycobacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcio Vinicius Bertacine Dias
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biofísica Molecular-Departamento de Física, UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, SP 15054-000, Brazil
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Kalinowski DS, Richardson DR. Future of toxicology--iron chelators and differing modes of action and toxicity: the changing face of iron chelation therapy. Chem Res Toxicol 2007; 20:715-20. [PMID: 17402750 DOI: 10.1021/tx700039c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) chelation therapy was initially designed to alleviate the toxic effects of excess Fe evident in Fe-overload diseases. However, the novel toxicological properties of some Fe chelator-metal complexes have shifted appreciable focus to their application in cancer chemotherapy. Redox-inactive Fe chelator complexes are well suited for the treatment of Fe-overload diseases, whereas Fe chelator complexes with high redox activity have shown promising results as chemotherapeutics against cancer. Within this perspective, we discuss the different modes of action and toxicological profiles of Fe chelators, including analogues of 2-pyridylcarboxaldehyde isonicotinoyl hydrazone, di-2-pyridylketone isonicotinoyl hydrazone, di-2-pyridylketone thiosemicarbazone, and the clinically trialed chelator 3-aminopyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone. The potential application of these agents in the changing face of Fe chelation therapy is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta S Kalinowski
- Iron Metabolism and Chelation Program, Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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Souza MVND, Wardell SMSV, Wardell JL, Low JN, Glidewell C. 4-Cyanobenzaldehyde isonicotinoylhydrazone monohydrate: a three-dimensional hydrogen-bonded framework structure. Acta Crystallogr C 2007; 63:o166-8. [PMID: 17339722 DOI: 10.1107/s0108270107002788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2006] [Accepted: 01/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In the title compound, C(14)H(10)N(4)O.H(2)O, the molecular components are linked into a three-dimensional framework by three hydrogen bonds, one each of the O-H...O, O-H...N and N-H...O types, weakly augmented by two C-H...O hydrogen bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus V N de Souza
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos, Far-Manguinhos, FIOCRUZ, 21041-250 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Abstract
The first-line antituberculosis drug isonicotinic hydrazide (INH) is a prodrug whose bactericidal function requires activation by Mycobacterium tuberculosis catalase-peroxidase (KatG) to produce an acyl-NAD adduct. Peroxidation of INH is considered a required catalytic process for drug action. The binding of INH and a series of hydrazide analogues to resting KatG was examined using optical and calorimetric techniques to provide thermodynamic parameters, binding stoichiometries, and kinetic constants (on and off rates). This work revealed high-affinity binding of these substrates to a small fraction of ferric enzyme in a six-coordinate heme iron form, a species most likely containing a weakly bound water molecule, which accumulates during storage of the enzyme. The binding of hydrazides is associated with a large enthalpy loss (>100 kcal/mol); dissociation constants are in the range of 0.05-1.6 microM, and optical stopped-flow measurements demonstrated kon values in the range of 0.5-27 x 10(3) M-1 s-1 with very small koff rates. Binding parameters did not depend on pH in the range 5-8. High-affinity binding of INH is disrupted in two mutant enzymes bearing replacements of key distal side residues, KatG[W107F] and KatG[Y229F]. The rates of reduction of KatG Compound I by hydrazides parallel the on rates for association with the resting enzyme. In a KatG-mediated biomimetic activation assay, only isoniazid generated in good yield the acyl-NAD adduct which is considered a key molecule in INH action, providing a better understanding of the action mechanism of INH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangbo Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, New York 11210, USA
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Song SH, Jun SH, Park KU, Yoon Y, Lee JH, Kim JQ, Song J. Simultaneous determination of first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs and their major metabolic ratios by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2007; 21:1331-8. [PMID: 17340570 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.2961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring of anti-tuberculosis drug concentrations and dose adjustment can be helpful in cases that show poor response to treatment. Here, we describe a method that can rapidly and simultaneously measure the blood concentrations of four anti-tuberculosis drugs (isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol) and two major metabolic ratios (acetylisoniazid/isoniazid and 25-desacetylrifampicin/rifampicin) using high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS/MS). A C18 reversed-phase column and gradients of methanol in 0.3% formic acid and water were used for HPLC separation. The drug concentrations were determined by multiple reaction monitoring in positive ion mode and the assay performance was evaluated. We determined peak concentration ranges for each drug and acetylisoniazid/isoniazid and 25-desacetylrifampicin/rifampicin ratios by analyzing 2-h post-dose samples in patients treated with standard dosing as a first-line treatment. The preparation of 20 samples including two steps of deproteinization with 50% and 100% methanol was performed within 20 min and chromatographic separation was achieved within 4 min/sample. Interassay calibration variability data obtained over concentrations of 0-8 microg/mL for isoniazid and ethambutol and 0-80 microg/mL for rifampicin and pyrazinamide showed a linear and reproducible curve. Within-run and between-run imprecision (CVs) were 1.9-5.5% and 3.5-10.5% and the lower limits of detection and quantification were 0.01-0.5 microg/mL and 0.05-1.0 microg/mL, respectively. The isoniazid concentration was found to be inversely correlated to the acetylisoniazid/isoniazid ratio (R=-0.739, P<0.001). The devised method allows for the simple, rapid, sensitive and reproducible quantification of isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol and their two metabolic ratios and should be helpful for therapeutic drug monitoring in tuberculosis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hoon Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, and Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
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Swamy BN, Suma TK, Rao GV, Reddy GC. Synthesis of isonicotinoylhydrazones from anacardic acid and their in vitro activity against Mycobacterium smegmatis. Eur J Med Chem 2006; 42:420-4. [PMID: 17112641 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2006.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2006] [Revised: 08/25/2006] [Accepted: 09/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Isonicotinoylhydrazones were synthesized from a natural product anacardic acid, a major constituent of cashew nut shell liquid. The unsaturated side chain in anacardic acid and its 5-nitro derivative were converted into C(8')-aldehydes by oxidative cleavage. C(8')-aldehydes are then coupled with isoniazid (an anti-TB drug) to obtain N-isonicotinoyl-N'-8-[(2'-carbohydroxy-3'-hydroxy) phenyl] octanal hydrazone (5) and N-isonicotinoyl-N'-8-[(2'-carbohydroxy-3'-hydroxy-6-nitro) phenyl] octanal hydrazone (6). These isonicotinoylhydrazones of anacardic aldehydes showed potent antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium smegmatis mc(2)155. The synergistic studies of 5 and 6 with isoniazid showed more inhibitory activities than isoniazid alone. Compounds 5 and 6 also showed activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H(37)Rv.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Narayana Swamy
- Vittal Mallya Scientific Research Foundation, P.O. Box 406, K. R. Road, Bangalore 560 004, Karnataka, India
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Ng KY, Zhou H, Zhang YL, Hybertson B, Randolph T, Christians U. Quantification of isoniazid and acetylisoniazid in rat plasma and alveolar macrophages by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with on-line extraction. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2006; 847:188-98. [PMID: 17070115 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2006.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2005] [Revised: 10/04/2006] [Accepted: 10/06/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate if pulmonary delivery of microparticles loaded with a prodrug of isoniazid (INH), isoniazid methanesulfonate (INHMS), can target alveolar macrophages (AM) and reduce metabolism of INH, an HPLC-MS/MS assay with automated online extraction for quantification of INH and its metabolite acetylisoniazid (AcINH) in plasma and AMs was developed and validated. Reproducibility in rat plasma and homogenate of a rat AM cell line, NR8383, for INH and AcINH showed excellent precision and accuracy with calibration curves exhibiting linearity within a range of 1-250ng/ml of INH and 0.05-50ng/ml of AcINH (r(2)>0.99). The validated methods were successfully applied to pharmacokinetic study of INHMS-loaded microparticles in rats, demonstrating efficient targeting of AMs and reduction of INH metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka-yun Ng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80262, USA.
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Kaiserová H, den Hartog GJM, Simůnek T, Schröterová L, Kvasnicková E, Bast A. Iron is not involved in oxidative stress-mediated cytotoxicity of doxorubicin and bleomycin. Br J Pharmacol 2006; 149:920-30. [PMID: 17031387 PMCID: PMC2014688 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The anticancer drugs doxorubicin and bleomycin are well-known for their oxidative stress-mediated side effects in heart and lung, respectively. It is frequently suggested that iron is involved in doxorubicin and bleomycin toxicity. We set out to elucidate whether iron chelation prevents the oxidative stress-mediated toxicity of doxorubicin and bleomycin and whether it affects their antiproliferative/proapoptotic effects. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Cell culture experiments were performed in A549 cells. Formation of hydroxyl radicals was measured in vitro by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). We investigated interactions between five iron chelators and the oxidative stress-inducing agents (doxorubicin, bleomycin and H(2)O(2)) by quantifying oxidative stress and cellular damage as TBARS formation, glutathione (GSH) consumption and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage. The antitumour/proapoptotic effects of doxorubicin and bleomycin were assessed by cell proliferation and caspase-3 activity assay. KEY RESULTS All the tested chelators, except for monohydroxyethylrutoside (monoHER), prevented hydroxyl radical formation induced by H(2)O(2)/Fe(2+) in EPR studies. However, only salicylaldehyde isonicotinoyl hydrazone and deferoxamine protected intact A549 cells against H(2)O(2)/Fe(2+). Conversely, the chelators that decreased doxorubicin and bleomycin-induced oxidative stress and cellular damage (dexrazoxane, monoHER) were not able to protect against H(2)O(2)/Fe(2+). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS We have shown that the ability to chelate iron as such is not the sole determinant of a compound protecting against doxorubicin or bleomycin-induced cytotoxicity. Our data challenge the putative role of iron and hydroxyl radicals in the oxidative stress-mediated cytotoxicity of doxorubicin and bleomycin and have implications for the development of new compounds to protects against this toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kaiserová
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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Chen B, Li JH, Xu YM, Wang J, Cao XM. The influence of NAT2 genotypes on the plasma concentration of isoniazid and acetylisoniazid in Chinese pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Clin Chim Acta 2006; 365:104-8. [PMID: 16182272 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2005.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2005] [Revised: 08/03/2005] [Accepted: 08/03/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isoniazid (INH) is widely used in the therapy of tuberculosis. Poor metabolizer (PM) of the NAT2 is an important reason of inter-individual difference of the plasma INH concentration. We studied the relationship between NAT2 genotype and INH and its metabolite acetylisoniazid (AcINH) concentration in Chinese people. METHOD Forty-six tuberculosis patients were enrolled in the study. Each patient took 300 mg INH daily for at least 7 days. Two hours after the INH was given, the vein blood was drawn. NAT2 genotypes of patients were detected by a reverse dot blot (RDB) method. The plasma concentration of INH and AcINH was determined by a precolumn derivation HPLC method. RESULTS In 46 patients, homozygous mutant (m/m), heterozygous mutant (m/wt) and homozygous wild-type (wt/wt) subjects were 7, 22 and 17, respectively. Plasma concentration of INH and AcINH were 12.74+/-10.51 and 12.49+/-9.61 micromol/l, respectively. There was no statistical difference among 3 genotypes. The ratios of AcINH and INH (R(A/I)) of 3 genotypes were 0.67+/-0.34, 0.88+/-0.40 and 1.69+/-0.66, respectively. The R(A/I) of m/m and m/wt group were significantly lower than wt/wt group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION The results suggest that various NAT2 genotypes in Chinese tuberculosis patients have great impact on the metabolism capacity of NAT2. This finding maybe valuable in the rational use of relevant drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Jinling Hospital, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, PR China
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47
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Zhang DW, Yang ZY, Wang BD, Zhang SP, Yang RD. Synthesis Neutral Rare Earth Complexes of Diethylenetriamine-N,N"-bis(acetyl-isoniazid)-N,N',N"-triacetic Acid as Potential Contrast Enhancement Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2006; 54:1203-6. [PMID: 16880671 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.54.1203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel ligand, diethylenetriamine-N,N''-bis(acetyl-isoniazid)-N,N',N''-triacetic acid (H(3)L) has been synthesized from diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) and isoniazid. Ligand and its five neutral rare earth (RE=La, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb) complexes holding promise of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were characterized on the basis of elemental analysis, molar conductivity, (1)H-NMR spectrum, FAB-MS, TG-DTA analysis and IR spectrum. The relaxivity (R(1)) of complexes and Gd(DTPA)(2-) used as a control were determined. The relaxivity of LaL, SmL, EuL, GdL, TbL and Gd(DTPA)(2-) were 0.14, 1.66, 3.14, 6.08, 2.79 and 4.34 l.mmol(-1).s(-1), respectively. The spin-lattice relaxivity of GdL was larger than that of Gd(DTPA)(2-). The relaxivity of GdL had also been investigated in human serum albumin (HSA) solution, the relaxivity of GdL was enhanced from 6.08 l.mmol(-1).s(-1) in water solution to 9.09 l.mmol(-1).s(-1) in HSA solution. In addition, thermodynamics stability constant of GdL complex was determined, the thermodynamic stability constant of GdL complex (K(GdL)=10(20.84)) was a few larger than that of Gd(DTPA)(2-) (K(Gd-DTPA)=10(20.73)). The results showed that complex of GdL may be a prospective MRI contrast agent with low osmotic pressure due to non-ion complex, high spin-lattice relaxivity, good stability and binding affinity for the serum protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding-Wa Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
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Kovaríková P, Mokrý M, Klimes J, Vávrová K. HPLC study on stability of pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2006; 40:105-12. [PMID: 16061341 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2005.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2005] [Revised: 06/13/2005] [Accepted: 06/14/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Biocompatible iron chelators are currently under extensive investigation as promising drug candidates. Pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone (PIH) is a lead compound of the aroylhydrazone group of novel iron chelating agents. In this study, the precise and accurate HPLC analytical methods were used for the stability evaluation of water-soluble PIH salt (PIH x 2HCl) in aqueous media of different pH (2.0, 3.9, 7.0, 9.0 and 12.0) as well as in two selected pharmaceutical co-solvents at both laboratory and elevated (40 degrees C) temperatures. The susceptibility of PIH x 2HCl to oxidative decomposition was studied in the solutions of hydrogen peroxide (3 and 30%). Furthermore, the solid substance of PIH x 2HCl was exposed to UV, dry and wet heat. Our experiments revealed that PIH was considerably sensitive to hydrolytic decomposition in aqueous media, resulting in the splitting of the hydrazone bond. The elevated temperature significantly accelerated the hydrolytic reaction. The lowest rate of hydrolysis of PIH was observed in the phosphate buffer of pH 7.0 and in the pharmaceutical co-solvents (30% PEG-300 and 10% Cremophor EL). No special degradation products were detected in the samples exposed to either hydrogen peroxide or co-solvents. The solid substance of PIH x 2HCl was stable when exposed to UV, dry or wet heat for 33 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kovaríková
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Control, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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Sriram D, Yogeeswari P, Madhu K. Synthesis and in vitro and in vivo antimycobacterial activity of isonicotinoyl hydrazones. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:4502-5. [PMID: 16115763 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2005] [Revised: 07/05/2005] [Accepted: 07/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to prepare various isoniazid derivatives by introducing the isoniazid pharmacophore into several molecules and screening for antimycobacterial activity. Ortho-hydroxy acetophenone reacts with isoniazid to form acid hydrazones. The C-Mannich bases of the above acid hydrazones were prepared by reacting them with formaldehyde and various secondary amines. The synthesized compounds were screened against M. tuberculosis H(37)R(v) using the alamar blue susceptibility test. The synthesized compounds inhibit Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain H(37)R(v) with minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 0.56 to 4.61 microM. Compound N'-{1-[2-hydroxy-3-(piperazin-1-ylmethyl)phenyl]ethylidene}isonicotinohydrazide 8 was found to be the most active compound with an MIC of 0.56 microM, and was more potent than isoniazid (MIC of 2.04 microM). After 10 days of treatment, compound 8 decreased the bacterial load in murine lung tissue by 3.7-log10 as compared to controls, which was equipotent to isoniazid. The results demonstrate the potential and importance of developing new isoniazid derivatives against mycobacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmarajan Sriram
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Pharmacy Group, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 33031, India.
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Sriram D, Srichakravarthy N, Bal TR, Yogeeswari P. Nevirapine derivatives with broad-spectrum chemotherapeutic properties for the effective treatment of HIV/AIDS. Biomed Pharmacother 2005; 59:456-9. [PMID: 16140495 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2005.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of nevirapine derivatives has been synthesized in an effort to enhance the spectrum of chemotherapeutic properties for the effective treatment of AIDS and AIDS-related opportunistic infections. The nevirapine derivative bearing isoniazid moiety (3a) was found to be the most potent compound with EC50 of<0.0636 microM, CC50 of>1000 microM and selectivity index of>15,723 which also exhibited 90% inhibition against Mycobacterium tuberculosis at 6.25 microg/ml. Compound 3c showed 100% inhibition against M. tuberculosis and also exhibited potent antibacterial activity against 24 pathogenic bacteria with MIC less than 1 microg/ml.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmarajan Sriram
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Pharmacy Group, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333031, India.
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