1
|
Ahmad S, Attisano L. Wnt5a Promotes Axon Elongation in Coordination with the Wnt-Planar Cell Polarity Pathway. Cells 2024; 13:1268. [PMID: 39120298 PMCID: PMC11312420 DOI: 10.3390/cells13151268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The establishment of neuronal polarity, involving axon specification and outgrowth, is critical to achieve the proper morphology of neurons, which is important for neuronal connectivity and cognitive functions. Extracellular factors, such as Wnts, modulate diverse aspects of neuronal morphology. In particular, non-canonical Wnt5a exhibits differential effects on neurite outgrowth depending upon the context. Thus, the role of Wnt5a in axon outgrowth and neuronal polarization is not completely understood. In this study, we demonstrate that Wnt5a, but not Wnt3a, promotes axon outgrowth in dissociated mouse embryonic cortical neurons and does so in coordination with the core PCP components, Prickle and Vangl. Unexpectedly, exogenous Wnt5a-induced axon outgrowth was dependent on endogenous, neuronal Wnts, as the chemical inhibition of Porcupine using the IWP2- and siRNA-mediated knockdown of either Porcupine or Wntless inhibited Wnt5a-induced elongation. Importantly, delayed treatment with IWP2 did not block Wnt5a-induced elongation, suggesting that endogenous Wnts and Wnt5a act during specific timeframes of neuronal polarization. Wnt5a in fibroblast-conditioned media can associate with small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), and we also show that these Wnt5a-containing sEVs are primarily responsible for inducing axon elongation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Liliana Attisano
- Department of Biochemistry, Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ohtsuka S, Miyai Y, Mima H, Magari M, Chiba Y, Suizu F, Sakagami H, Ueno M, Tokumitsu H. Transcriptional, biochemical, and immunohistochemical analyses of CaMKKβ/2 splice variants that co-localize with CaMKIV in spermatids. Cell Calcium 2024; 117:102820. [PMID: 37979343 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2023.102820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase (CaMKK) phosphorylates and activates downstream protein kinases, including CaMKI, CaMKIV, PKB/Akt, and AMPK; thus, regulates various Ca2+-dependent physiological and pathophysiological pathways. Further, CaMKKβ/2 in mammalian species comprises multiple alternatively spliced variants; however, their functional differences or redundancy remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to characterize mouse CaMKKβ/2 splice variants (CaMKKβ-3 and β-3x). RT-PCR analyses revealed that mouse CaMKKβ-1, consisting of 17 exons, was predominantly expressed in the brain; whereas, mouse CaMKKβ-3 and β-3x, lacking exon 16 and exons 14/16, respectively, were primarily expressed in peripheral tissues. At the protein level, the CaMKKβ-3 or β-3x variants showed high expression levels in mouse cerebrum and testes. This was consistent with the localization of CaMKKβ-3/-3x in spermatids in seminiferous tubules, but not the localization of CaMKKβ-1. We also observed the co-localization of CaMKKβ-3/-3x with a target kinase, CaMKIV, in elongating spermatids. Biochemical characterization further revealed that CaMKKβ-3 exhibited Ca2+/CaM-induced kinase activity similar to CaMKKβ-1. Conversely, we noted that CaMKKβ-3x impaired Ca2+/CaM-binding ability, but exhibited significantly weak autonomous activity (approximately 500-fold lower than CaMKKβ-1 or β-3) due to the absence of C-terminal of the catalytic domain and a putative residue (Ile478) responsible for the kinase autoinhibition. Nevertheless, CaMKKβ-3x showed the ability to phosphorylate downstream kinases, including CaMKIα, CaMKIV, and AMPKα in transfected cells comparable to CaMKKβ-1 and β-3. Collectively, CaMKKβ-3/-3x were identified as functionally active and could be bona fide CaMKIV-kinases in testes involved in the activation of the CaMKIV cascade in spermatids, resulting in the regulation of spermiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Ohtsuka
- Applied Cell Biology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yumi Miyai
- Inflammation Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mima
- Applied Cell Biology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Masaki Magari
- Applied Cell Biology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yoichi Chiba
- Inflammation Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Futoshi Suizu
- Oncology Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sakagami
- Department of Anatomy, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Masaki Ueno
- Inflammation Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tokumitsu
- Applied Cell Biology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gu X, Jia C, Wang J. Advances in Understanding the Molecular Mechanisms of Neuronal Polarity. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:2851-2870. [PMID: 36738353 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03242-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The establishment and maintenance of neuronal polarity are important for neural development and function. Abnormal neuronal polarity establishment commonly leads to a variety of neurodevelopmental disorders. Over the past three decades, with the continuous development and improvement of biological research methods and techniques, we have made tremendous progress in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of neuronal polarity establishment. The activity of positive and negative feedback signals and actin waves are both essential in this process. They drive the directional transport and aggregation of key molecules of neuronal polarity, promote the spatiotemporal regulation of ordered and coordinated interactions of actin filaments and microtubules, stimulate the specialization and growth of axons, and inhibit the formation of multiple axons. In this review, we focus on recent advances in these areas, in particular the important findings about neuronal polarity in two classical models, in vitro primary hippocampal/cortical neurons and in vivo cortical pyramidal neurons, and discuss our current understanding of neuronal polarity..
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Gu
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Chunhong Jia
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Junhao Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Urrutia PJ, González-Billault C. A Role for Second Messengers in Axodendritic Neuronal Polarity. J Neurosci 2023; 43:2037-2052. [PMID: 36948585 PMCID: PMC10039749 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1065-19.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal polarization is a complex molecular process regulated by intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms. Nerve cells integrate multiple extracellular cues to generate intracellular messengers that ultimately control cell morphology, metabolism, and gene expression. Therefore, second messengers' local concentration and temporal regulation are crucial elements for acquiring a polarized morphology in neurons. This review article summarizes the main findings and current understanding of how Ca2+, IP3, cAMP, cGMP, and hydrogen peroxide control different aspects of neuronal polarization, and highlights questions that still need to be resolved to fully understand the fascinating cellular processes involved in axodendritic polarization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pamela J Urrutia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile 7800003
- School of Medical Technology, Faculty of Medicine and Science, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile 7510157
| | - Christian González-Billault
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile 7800003
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile 8380453
- Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile 7800003
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California 94945
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shrestha P, Jaganathan A, Huilgol D, Ballon C, Hwangbo Y, Mills AA. Chd5 Regulates the Transcription Factor Six3 to Promote Neuronal Differentiation. Stem Cells 2023; 41:242-251. [PMID: 36636025 PMCID: PMC10020979 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxad002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 5 (Chd5) is an ATP-dependent chromatin remodeler that promotes neuronal differentiation. However, the mechanism behind the action of Chd5 during neurogenesis is not clearly understood. Here we use transcriptional profiling of cells obtained from Chd5 deficient mice at early and late stages of neuronal differentiation to show that Chd5 regulates neurogenesis by directing stepwise transcriptional changes. During early stages of neurogenesis, Chd5 promotes expression of the proneural transcription factor Six3 to repress Wnt5a, a non-canonical Wnt ligand essential for the maturation of neurons. This previously unappreciated ability of Chd5 to transcriptionally repress neuronal maturation factors is critical for both lineage specification and maturation. Thus, Chd5 facilitates early transcriptional changes in neural stem cells, thereby initiating transcriptional programs essential for neuronal fate specification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Padmina Shrestha
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | | | - Dhananjay Huilgol
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Carlos Ballon
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Yon Hwangbo
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Alea A Mills
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Ca2+/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Kinase Signal Transduction. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911025. [PMID: 36232320 PMCID: PMC9570080 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase (CaMKK) is the activating kinase for multiple downstream kinases, including CaM-kinase I (CaMKI), CaM-kinase IV (CaMKIV), protein kinase B (PKB/Akt), and 5′AMP-kinase (AMPK), through the phosphorylation of their activation-loop Thr residues in response to increasing the intracellular Ca2+ concentration, as CaMKK itself is a Ca2+/CaM-dependent enzyme. The CaMKK-mediated kinase cascade plays important roles in a number of Ca2+-dependent pathways, such as neuronal morphogenesis and plasticity, transcriptional activation, autophagy, and metabolic regulation, as well as in pathophysiological pathways, including cancer progression, metabolic syndrome, and mental disorders. This review focuses on the molecular mechanism underlying CaMKK-mediated signal transduction in normal and pathophysiological conditions. We summarize the current knowledge of the structural, functional, and physiological properties of the regulatory kinase, CaMKK, and the development and application of its pharmacological inhibitors.
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu J, Zhou F, Chen Y, Guan Y, Meng F, Zhao Z, Wang X, Gao X, Jiang X, Zhang H, Wang Q, Zhou S, Wang X. Wnt5a protects motor neurons in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis by regulating the Wnt/Ca 2+ signaling pathway. Am J Transl Res 2022; 14:5343-5362. [PMID: 36105066 PMCID: PMC9452359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to detect the expression profile of downstream signaling molecules of non-canonical Wnt pathway in SOD1G93A transgenic mice (ALS mice) and SOD1G93A mutant motor neuron-like hybrid (NSC-34) cells. Characterizing the molecular mechanism of the Wnt5a-mediated non-canonical Wnt/Ca2+ signaling pathway in motor neuron (MN) degeneration may provide a feasible approach to effective treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). METHODS The expressions of CaMKII-α, CaMKII-β and TAK1 in the spinal cord of SOD1G93A ALS transgenic mice at different ages were determined using western blotting and immunofluorescence. The level of Ca2+ and cell apoptosis were assessed with flow cytometry and cell viability was evaluated using MTS assay. Cell proliferation was analyzed by the EdU cell proliferation assay. Neurite length was measured after treatment with retinoic acid. RESULTS CaMKII-α, CaMKII-β, and TAK1 were down-regulated in the spinal cord of ALS mice. Ca2+ level and CaMKII-α, CaMKII-β, and TAK1 were down-regulated in SOD1G93A mutant NSC-34 cells. Expression of Ca2+, CaMKII-α, CaMKII-β, and TAK1 were up-regulated in SOD1G93A mutant NSC-34 cells after Wnt5a overexpression and down-regulated after Wnt5a knockdown. Overexpression of Wnt5a promoted cell viability and proliferation but inhibited cell apoptosis. Contrastingly, Wnt5a knockdown inhibited cell viability and proliferation but promoted cell apoptosis. CaMKII inhibitor KN-93 and CaMKII activator oleic acid reversed changes in cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis, and neurite outgrowth induced by Wnt5a overexpression and knockdown. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that Wnt5a protects MNs in ALS by regulating cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis, and neurite growth through the Wnt/Ca2+ signaling pathway. Our data indicate that the non-canonical Wnt/Ca2+ signaling pathway regulated by Wnt5a is involved in MN degeneration in ALS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinmeng Liu
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Weifang Medical UniversityWeifang 261053, Shandong, PR China
| | - Fenghua Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Weifang Medical UniversityWeifang 261053, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yanchun Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Weifang Medical UniversityWeifang 261053, Shandong, PR China
- Neurologic Disorders and Regenerative Repair Laboratory, Weifang Medical UniversityWeifang 261053, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yingjun Guan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Weifang Medical UniversityWeifang 261053, Shandong, PR China
| | - Fandi Meng
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Weifang Medical UniversityWeifang 261053, Shandong, PR China
| | - Zhenhan Zhao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Weifang Medical UniversityWeifang 261053, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Weifang Medical UniversityWeifang 261053, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xueshuai Gao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Weifang Medical UniversityWeifang 261053, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Weifang Medical UniversityWeifang 261053, Shandong, PR China
| | - Haoyun Zhang
- Neurologic Disorders and Regenerative Repair Laboratory, Weifang Medical UniversityWeifang 261053, Shandong, PR China
| | - Qing Wang
- Neurologic Disorders and Regenerative Repair Laboratory, Weifang Medical UniversityWeifang 261053, Shandong, PR China
| | - Shuanhu Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston 02115, MA, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston 02115, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang H, Chen B, Zou Z, Feng J, Li Y, Wang Y, He X, Xu C, Wang H, Guo S, Jin L, Li Q, Wang J, Xiao M, Li F, Wu J. Associations Between CAMKK1 Polymorphism rs7214723 and the Prognosis of Patients With Lung Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:757484. [PMID: 34868969 PMCID: PMC8640188 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.757484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The 5-year survival rate of patients with lung cancer in China is less than 20% and predicting their prognosis is challenging. We investigated the association between a common non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs7214723, in the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 1 (CAMKK1) gene and the prognosis of patients with lung cancer. Methods Genomic DNA was extracted from the blood samples of 839 patients with lung cancer, recruited from Changhai Hospital (n = 536) and Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences (n = 352), and genotyped using the SNPscan technique. The association between patient prognosis and the genotypic data for CAMKK1 was analyzed using a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for multiple potential confounders. The CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing system was used to introduce point mutations in the CAMKK1 rs7214723 of A549 and NCI-H358 cells. Subsequently, Cell proliferation and migration ability were assessed with the Cell Counting Kit-8 and scratch assay. The Annexin V-FITC apoptosis detection kit was used to detect cell apoptosis. Results The CAMKK1 rs7214723 recessive CC genotype conferred significantly better overall survival (CC vs. TT + TC: adjusted hazard ratio = 0.78, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.61-1.00, P = 0.049) than the TT + TC genotypes. Stratified analysis showed that the CAMKK1 rs7214723 CC genotype and recessive CC genotype conferred a significantly decreased risk of death in patients who were male, had a smoking history, or had stage III + IV cancer, compared with the TT and TT + TC genotypes. Relative to the TT + TC genotypes, the rs7214723 recessive CC genotype was also associated with a decreased risk of death in patients aged < 60 years (CC vs. TT + TC: adjusted hazard ratio = 0.59, 95% CI, 0.37-0.93, P = 0.024) and patients with squamous cell carcinoma (CC vs. TT + TC: adjusted hazard ratio = 0.65, 95% CI, 0.44-0.98, P = 0.038). Remarkably, CRISPR/Cas9-guided single nucleotide editing demonstrated that CAMKK1 rs7214723 T > C mutation significantly inhibits cell proliferation and migration and promotes cell apoptosis. Conclusions CAMKK1 SNP rs7214723 may be a significant prognostic factor for the risk of death among patients with lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haorui Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Changhai Hospital, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bocen Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Zixiu Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Feng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yutao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing He
- Department of Urology, Navy Military Medical University Affiliated Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang Xu
- Clinical College, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, China
| | - Haijian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shicheng Guo
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Li Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiucun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Man Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kaltezioti V, Foskolou IP, Lavigne MD, Ninou E, Tsampoula M, Fousteri M, Margarity M, Politis PK. Prox1 inhibits neurite outgrowth during central nervous system development. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:3443-3465. [PMID: 33247761 PMCID: PMC11072475 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03709-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
During central nervous system (CNS) development, proper and timely induction of neurite elongation is critical for generating functional, mature neurons, and neuronal networks. Despite the wealth of information on the action of extracellular cues, little is known about the intrinsic gene regulatory factors that control this developmental decision. Here, we report the identification of Prox1, a homeobox transcription factor, as a key player in inhibiting neurite elongation. Although Prox1 promotes acquisition of early neuronal identity and is expressed in nascent post-mitotic neurons, it is heavily down-regulated in the majority of terminally differentiated neurons, indicating a regulatory role in delaying neurite outgrowth in newly formed neurons. Consistently, we show that Prox1 is sufficient to inhibit neurite extension in mouse and human neuroblastoma cell lines. More importantly, Prox1 overexpression suppresses neurite elongation in primary neuronal cultures as well as in the developing mouse brain, while Prox1 knock-down promotes neurite outgrowth. Mechanistically, RNA-Seq analysis reveals that Prox1 affects critical pathways for neuronal maturation and neurite extension. Interestingly, Prox1 strongly inhibits many components of Ca2+ signaling pathway, an important mediator of neurite extension and neuronal maturation. In accordance, Prox1 represses Ca2+ entry upon KCl-mediated depolarization and reduces CREB phosphorylation. These observations suggest that Prox1 acts as a potent suppressor of neurite outgrowth by inhibiting Ca2+ signaling pathway. This action may provide the appropriate time window for nascent neurons to find the correct position in the CNS prior to initiation of neurites and axon elongation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Kaltezioti
- Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Efesiou Street, 115 27, Athens, Greece
| | - Iosifina P Foskolou
- Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Efesiou Street, 115 27, Athens, Greece
| | - Matthieu D Lavigne
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, BSRC 'Alexander Fleming', 34 Fleming Street, Vari, 16672, Athens, Greece
| | - Elpinickie Ninou
- Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Efesiou Street, 115 27, Athens, Greece
| | - Matina Tsampoula
- Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Efesiou Street, 115 27, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Fousteri
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, BSRC 'Alexander Fleming', 34 Fleming Street, Vari, 16672, Athens, Greece
| | - Marigoula Margarity
- Laboratory of Human and Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of Patras, 26500, Rio Achaias, Greece
| | - Panagiotis K Politis
- Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Efesiou Street, 115 27, Athens, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Horigane SI, Hamada S, Kamijo S, Yamada H, Yamasaki M, Watanabe M, Bito H, Ohtsuka T, Takemoto-Kimura S. Development of an L-type Ca 2+ channel-dependent Ca 2+ transient during the radial migration of cortical excitatory neurons. Neurosci Res 2020; 169:17-26. [PMID: 32598973 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence has shown that voltage-gated L-type Ca2+ channels (LTCCs) are crucial for neurodevelopmental events, including neuronal differentiation/migration and neurite morphogenesis/extension. However, the time course of their functional maturation during the development of excitatory neurons remains unknown. Using a combination of fluorescence in situ hybridization and in utero electroporation-based labeling, we found that the transcripts of Cacna1c and Cacna1d, which encode the LTCC pore-forming subunits, were upregulated in the intermediate zone (IZ) during radial migration. Ca2+ imaging using GCaMP6s in acute brain slices showed spontaneous Ca2+ transients in migrating neurons throughout the IZ. Neurons in the IZ upper layer, especially in the multipolar-to-bipolar transition layer (TL), exhibited more frequent Ca2+ transients than adjacent layers and responded to FPL64176, a potent activator of LTCC. Consistently, nimodipine, an LTCC blocker, inhibited spontaneous Ca2+ transients in neurons in the TL. Collectively, we showed a hitherto unknown increased prevalence of LTCC-dependent Ca2+ transients in the TL of the IZ upper layer during the radial migration of excitatory neurons, which could be essential for the regulation of Ca2+-dependent neurodevelopmental processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichiro Horigane
- Department of Neuroscience I, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan; Molecular/cellular Neuroscience, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan; Department of Neurochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shun Hamada
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kamijo
- Department of Neurochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Yamada
- Department of Neuroscience I, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan; Molecular/cellular Neuroscience, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Miwako Yamasaki
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Bito
- Department of Neurochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Ohtsuka
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Sayaka Takemoto-Kimura
- Department of Neuroscience I, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan; Molecular/cellular Neuroscience, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan; PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0076, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ohtsuka S, Ozeki Y, Fujiwara M, Miyagawa T, Kanayama N, Magari M, Hatano N, Suizu F, Ishikawa T, Tokumitsu H. Development and Characterization of Novel Molecular Probes for Ca 2+/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Kinase, Derived from STO-609. Biochemistry 2020; 59:1701-1710. [PMID: 32298102 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase (CaMKK) activates particular multifunctional kinases, including CaMKI, CaMKIV, and 5'AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), resulting in the regulation of various Ca2+-dependent cellular processes, including neuronal, metabolic, and pathophysiological pathways. We developed and characterized a novel pan-CaMKK inhibitor, TIM-063 (2-hydroxy-3-nitro-7H-benzo[de]benzo[4,5]imidazo[2,1-a]isoquinolin-7-one) derived from STO-609 (7H-benzimidazo[2,1-a]benz[de]isoquinoline-7-one-3-carboxylic acid), and an inactive analogue (TIM-062) as molecular probes for the analysis of CaMKK-mediated cellular responses. Unlike STO-609, TIM-063 had an inhibitory activity against CaMKK isoforms (CaMKKα and CaMKKβ) with a similar potency (Ki = 0.35 μM for CaMKKα, and Ki = 0.2 μM for CaMKKβ) in vitro. Two TIM-063 analogues lacking a nitro group (TIM-062) or a hydroxy group (TIM-064) completely impaired CaMKK inhibitory activities, indicating that both substituents are necessary for the CaMKK inhibitory activity of TIM-063. Enzymatic analysis revealed that TIM-063 is an ATP-competitive inhibitor that directly targets the catalytic domain of CaMKK, similar to STO-609. TIM-063 suppressed the ionomycin-induced phosphorylation of exogenously expressed CaMKI, CaMKIV, and endogenous AMPKα in HeLa cells with an IC50 of ∼0.3 μM, and it suppressed CaMKK isoform-mediated CaMKIV phosphorylation in transfected COS-7 cells. Thus, TIM-063, but not the inactive analogue (TIM-062), displayed cell permeability and the ability to inhibit CaMKK activity in cells. Taken together, these results indicate that TIM-063 could be a useful tool for the precise analysis of CaMKK-mediated signaling pathways and may be a promising lead compound for the development of therapeutic agents for the treatment of CaMKK-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Ohtsuka
- Applied Cell Biology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science & Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Naoki Kanayama
- Applied Cell Biology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science & Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Masaki Magari
- Applied Cell Biology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science & Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Naoya Hatano
- Applied Cell Biology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science & Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Futoshi Suizu
- Division of Cancer Biology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Tokumitsu
- Applied Cell Biology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science & Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Astrocyte-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Regulate Dendritic Complexity through miR-26a-5p Activity. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040930. [PMID: 32290095 PMCID: PMC7226994 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades, it has been established that astrocytes play key roles in the regulation of neuronal morphology. However, the contribution of astrocyte-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) to morphological differentiation of neurons has only recently been addressed. Here, we showed that cultured astrocytes expressing a GFP-tagged version of the stress-regulated astrocytic enzyme Aldolase C (Aldo C-GFP) release small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) that are transferred into cultured hippocampal neurons. Surprisingly, Aldo C-GFP-containing sEVs (Aldo C-GFP sEVs) displayed an exacerbated capacity to reduce the dendritic complexity in developing hippocampal neurons compared to sEVs derived from control (i.e., GFP-expressing) astrocytes. Using bioinformatics and biochemical tools, we found that the total content of overexpressed Aldo C-GFP correlates with an increased content of endogenous miRNA-26a-5p in both total astrocyte homogenates and sEVs. Notably, neurons magnetofected with a nucleotide sequence that mimics endogenous miRNA-26a-5p (mimic 26a-5p) not only decreased the levels of neuronal proteins associated to morphogenesis regulation, but also reproduced morphological changes induced by Aldo-C-GFP sEVs. Furthermore, neurons magnetofected with a sequence targeting miRNA-26a-5p (antago 26a-5p) were largely resistant to Aldo C-GFP sEVs. Our results support a novel and complex level of astrocyte-to-neuron communication mediated by astrocyte-derived sEVs and the activity of their miRNA content.
Collapse
|
13
|
Horigane SI, Ozawa Y, Yamada H, Takemoto-Kimura S. Calcium signalling: a key regulator of neuronal migration. J Biochem 2019; 165:401-409. [PMID: 30753600 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvz012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal migration is a crucial event in neuronal development for the construction of brain architecture and neuronal networks. Newborn neurons proliferate in the germinal zone and start migration toward their final destination. Migrating neurons adopt different routes, cell shapes and migratory modes depending on extracellular factors and outer physical substrates. Intracellular Ca2+ is an essential second messenger that regulates diverse cellular functions by activating Ca2+-dependent signalling molecules that underlie Ca2+-responsive cellular functions. Neuronal migration during brain architecture construction is no exception. Spontaneous Ca2+ transients are observed in several types of migrating neurons, and a series of Ca2+-dependent signalling molecules governing neuronal migration has been identified. In this review, we first summarize the molecular mechanisms that trigger intracellular Ca2+ elevation in migrating neurons. In the latter half of this review, we provide an overview of the literature on Ca2+-dependent signalling molecules underlying neuronal migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichiro Horigane
- Department of Neuroscience I, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Molecular/Cellular Neuroscience, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Ozawa
- Department of Neuroscience I, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Molecular/Cellular Neuroscience, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Yamada
- Department of Neuroscience I, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Molecular/Cellular Neuroscience, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Sayaka Takemoto-Kimura
- Department of Neuroscience I, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Molecular/Cellular Neuroscience, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kathpalia P, Nag TC, Chattopadhyay P, Sharma A, Bhat MA, Roy TS, Wadhwa S. In ovo Sound Stimulation Mediated Regulation of BDNF in the Auditory Cortex and Hippocampus of Neonatal Chicks. Neuroscience 2019; 408:293-307. [PMID: 31026564 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is known to mediate activity-dependent changes in the developing auditory system. Its expression in the brainstem auditory nuclei, auditory cortex and hippocampus of neonatal chicks (Gallus gallus domesticus) in response to in ovo high intensity sound exposure at 110 dB (arrhythmic sound: recorded traffic noise, 30-3000 Hz with peak at 2700 Hz, rhythmic sound: sitar music, 100-4000 Hz) was examined to understand the previously reported altered volume and neuronal number in these regions. In the brainstem auditory nuclei, no mature BDNF, but proBDNF at the protein level was detected, and no change in its levels was observed after in ovo sound stimulation (music and noise). Increased ProBDNF protein levels were found in the auditory cortex in response to arrhythmic sound, along with decreased levels of one of the BDNF mRNA transcripts, in response to both rhythmic and arrhythmic sound stimulation. In the hippocampus, increased levels of mature BDNF were found in response to music. Expression microarray analysis was performed to understand changes in gene expression in the hippocampus in response to music and noise, followed by gene ontology analysis showing enrichment of probable signaling pathways. Differentially expressed genes like CAMK1 and STAT1 were found to be involved in downstream signaling on comparing music versus noise-exposed chicks. In conclusion, we report that BDNF is differentially regulated in the auditory cortex at the transcriptional and post-translational level, and in the hippocampus at the post-translational level in response to in ovo sound stimulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Poorti Kathpalia
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Tapas Chandra Nag
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | | | - Arundhati Sharma
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Muzaffer Ahmed Bhat
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Tara Sankar Roy
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shashi Wadhwa
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India; Department of Anatomy, North Delhi Municipal Medical College, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Melrose J. Keratan sulfate (KS)-proteoglycans and neuronal regulation in health and disease: the importance of KS-glycodynamics and interactive capability with neuroregulatory ligands. J Neurochem 2019; 149:170-194. [PMID: 30578672 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Compared to the other classes of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), that is, chondroitin/dermatan sulfate, heparin/heparan sulfate and hyaluronan, keratan sulfate (KS), have the least known of its interactive properties. In the human body, the cornea and the brain are the two most abundant tissue sources of KS. Embryonic KS is synthesized as a linear poly-N-acetyllactosamine chain of d-galactose-GlcNAc repeat disaccharides which become progressively sulfated with development, sulfation of GlcNAc is more predominant than galactose. KS contains multi-sulfated high-charge density, monosulfated and non-sulfated poly-N-acetyllactosamine regions and thus is a heterogeneous molecule in terms of chain length and charge distribution. A recent proteomics study on corneal KS demonstrated its interactivity with members of the Slit-Robbo and Ephrin-Ephrin receptor families and proteins which regulate Rho GTPase signaling and actin polymerization/depolymerization in neural development and differentiation. KS decorates a number of peripheral nervous system/CNS proteoglycan (PG) core proteins. The astrocyte KS-PG abakan defines functional margins of the brain and is up-regulated following trauma. The chondroitin sulfate/KS PG aggrecan forms perineuronal nets which are dynamic neuroprotective structures with anti-oxidant properties and roles in neural differentiation, development and synaptic plasticity. Brain phosphacan a chondroitin sulfate, KS, HNK-1 PG have roles in neural development and repair. The intracellular microtubule and synaptic vesicle KS-PGs MAP1B and SV2 have roles in metabolite transport, storage, and export of neurotransmitters and cytoskeletal assembly. MAP1B has binding sites for tubulin and actin through which it promotes cytoskeletal development in growth cones and is highly expressed during neurite extension. The interactive capability of KS with neuroregulatory ligands indicate varied roles for KS-PGs in development and regenerative neural processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Melrose
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, St. Leonards, New South Wales, Australia.,Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, Northern Campus, Royal North Shore Hospital, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, Royal North Shore Hospital, The University of Sydney, St. Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang S, Cebrian C, Schnell S, Gumucio DL. Radial WNT5A-Guided Post-mitotic Filopodial Pathfinding Is Critical for Midgut Tube Elongation. Dev Cell 2018; 46:173-188.e3. [PMID: 30016620 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The early midgut undergoes intensive elongation, but the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms are unknown. The early midgut epithelium is pseudostratified, and its nuclei travel between apical and basal surfaces in concert with cell cycle. Using 3D confocal imaging and 2D live imaging, we profiled behaviors of individual dividing cells. As nuclei migrate apically for mitosis, cells maintain a basal process (BP), which splits but is inherited by only one daughter. After mitosis, some daughters directly use the inherited BP as a "conduit" to transport the nucleus basally, while >50% of daughters generate a new basal filopodium and use it as a path to return the nucleus. Post-mitotic filopodial "pathfinding" is guided by mesenchymal WNT5A. Without WNT5A, some cells fail to tether basally and undergo apoptosis, leading to a shortened midgut. Thus, these studies reveal previously unrecognized strategies for efficient post-mitotic nuclear trafficking, which is critical for early midgut elongation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sha Wang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA.
| | - Cristina Cebrian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
| | - Santiago Schnell
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
| | - Deborah L Gumucio
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Park SY, Kang MJ, Han JS. Interleukin-1 beta promotes neuronal differentiation through the Wnt5a/RhoA/JNK pathway in cortical neural precursor cells. Mol Brain 2018; 11:39. [PMID: 29973222 PMCID: PMC6033214 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-018-0383-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) is a key mediator of inflammation and stress in the central nervous system (CNS), and is highly expressed in the developing brain. In this study, we investigated the possible role of IL-1β in neuronal differentiation of cortical neural precursor cells (NPCs). We showed that stimulation with IL-1β increased expression levels of neurotrophin-3 (NT3) and neurogenin 1 (Ngn1) and promoted neurite outgrowth. We also found that IL-1β increased mRNA and protein levels of Wnt5a. Knockdown of Wnt5a by transfection with Wnt5a siRNA inhibited IL-1β-induced neuronal differentiation. Moreover, IL-1β-induced Wnt5a expression was regulated by nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation, which is involved in IL-1β-mediated neuronal differentiation. To examine the role of Wnt5a in neuronal differentiation of NPCs, we exogenously added Wnt5a. We found that exogenous Wnt5a promotes neuronal differentiation, and activates the RhoA/Rho-associated kinase (ROCK)/c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway. In addition, Wnt5a-induced neuronal differentiation was blocked by RhoA siRNA, as well as by a specific Rho-kinase inhibitor (Y27632) or a SAPK/JNK inhibitor (SP600125). Furthermore, treatment with RhoA siRNA, Y27632, or SP600125 suppressed the IL-1β-induced neuronal differentiation. Therefore, these results suggest that the sequential Wnt5a/RhoA/ROCK/JNK pathway is involved in IL-1β-induced neuronal differentiation of NPCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Young Park
- Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jeong Kang
- Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong-Soo Han
- Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
A Critical Neurodevelopmental Role for L-Type Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels in Neurite Extension and Radial Migration. J Neurosci 2018; 38:5551-5566. [PMID: 29773754 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2357-17.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite many association studies linking gene polymorphisms and mutations of L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VGCCs) in neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism and schizophrenia, the roles of specific L-type VGCC during brain development remain unclear. Calcium signaling has been shown to be essential for neurodevelopmental processes such as sculpting of neurites, functional wiring, and fine tuning of growing networks. To investigate this relationship, we performed submembraneous calcium imaging using a membrane-tethered genetically encoded calcium indicator (GECI) Lck-G-CaMP7. We successfully recorded spontaneous regenerative calcium transients (SRCaTs) in developing mouse excitatory cortical neurons prepared from both sexes before synapse formation. SRCaTs originated locally in immature neurites independently of somatic calcium rises and were significantly more elevated in the axons than in dendrites. SRCaTs were not blocked by tetrodoxin, a Na+ channel blocker, but were strongly inhibited by hyperpolarization, suggesting a voltage-dependent source. Pharmacological and genetic manipulations revealed the critical importance of the Cav1.2 (CACNA1C) pore-forming subunit of L-type VGCCs, which were indeed expressed in immature mouse brains. Consistently, knocking out Cav1.2 resulted in significant alterations of neurite outgrowth. Furthermore, expression of a gain-of-function Cav1.2 mutant found in Timothy syndrome, an autosomal dominant multisystem disorder exhibiting syndromic autism, resulted in impaired radial migration of layer 2/3 excitatory neurons, whereas postnatal abrogation of Cav1.2 enhancement could rescue cortical malformation. Together, these lines of evidence suggest a critical role for spontaneous opening of L-type VGCCs in neural development and corticogenesis and indicate that L-type VGCCs might constitute a perinatal therapeutic target for neuropsychiatric calciochannelopathies.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Despite many association studies linking gene polymorphisms and mutations of L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VGCCs) in neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism and schizophrenia, the roles of specific L-type VGCCs during brain development remain unclear. We here combined the latest Ca2+ indicator technology, quantitative pharmacology, and in utero electroporation and found a hitherto unsuspected role for L-type VGCCs in determining the Ca2+ signaling landscape of mouse immature neurons. We found that malfunctional L-type VGCCs in immature neurons before birth might cause errors in neuritic growth and cortical migration. Interestingly, the retarded corticogenesis phenotype was rescued by postnatal correction of L-type VGCC signal aberration. These findings suggest that L-type VGCCs might constitute a perinatal therapeutic target for neurodevelopment-associated psychiatric disorders.
Collapse
|
19
|
Nakanishi A, Hatano N, Fujiwara Y, Sha'ri A, Takabatake S, Akano H, Kanayama N, Magari M, Nozaki N, Tokumitsu H. AMP-activated protein kinase-mediated feedback phosphorylation controls the Ca 2+/calmodulin (CaM) dependence of Ca 2+/CaM-dependent protein kinase kinase β. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:19804-19813. [PMID: 28974582 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.805085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase β (CaMKKβ)/5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation cascade affects various Ca2+-dependent metabolic pathways and cancer growth. Unlike recombinant CaMKKβ that exhibits higher basal activity (autonomous activity), activation of the CaMKKβ/AMPK signaling pathway requires increased intracellular Ca2+ concentrations. Moreover, the Ca2+/CaM dependence of CaMKKβ appears to arise from multiple phosphorylation events, including autophosphorylation and activities furnished by other protein kinases. However, the effects of proximal downstream kinases on CaMKKβ activity have not yet been evaluated. Here, we demonstrate feedback phosphorylation of CaMKKβ at multiple residues by CaMKKβ-activated AMPK in addition to autophosphorylation in vitro, leading to reduced autonomous, but not Ca2+/CaM-activated, CaMKKβ activity. MS analysis and site-directed mutagenesis of AMPK phosphorylation sites in CaMKKβ indicated that Thr144 phosphorylation by activated AMPK converts CaMKKβ into a Ca2+/CaM-dependent enzyme as shown by completely Ca2+/CaM-dependent CaMKK activity of a phosphomimetic T144E CaMKKβ mutant. CaMKKβ mutant analysis indicated that the C-terminal domain (residues 471-587), including the autoinhibitory region, plays an important role in stabilizing an inactive conformation in a Thr144 phosphorylation-dependent manner. Furthermore, immunoblot analysis with anti-phospho-Thr144 antibody revealed phosphorylation of Thr144 in CaMKKβ in transfected COS-7 cells that was further enhanced by exogenous expression of AMPKα. These results indicate that AMPK-mediated feedback phosphorylation of CaMKKβ regulates the CaMKKβ/AMPK signaling cascade and may be physiologically important for intracellular maintenance of Ca2+-dependent AMPK activation by CaMKKβ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Nakanishi
- From the Division of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Naoya Hatano
- The Integrated Center for Mass Spectrometry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan, and
| | - Yuya Fujiwara
- From the Division of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Arian Sha'ri
- From the Division of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Shota Takabatake
- From the Division of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Hiroki Akano
- From the Division of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Naoki Kanayama
- From the Division of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Masaki Magari
- From the Division of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Tokumitsu
- From the Division of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan,
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Viana J, Hannon E, Dempster E, Pidsley R, Macdonald R, Knox O, Spiers H, Troakes C, Al-Saraj S, Turecki G, Schalkwyk LC, Mill J. Schizophrenia-associated methylomic variation: molecular signatures of disease and polygenic risk burden across multiple brain regions. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:210-225. [PMID: 28011714 PMCID: PMC5351932 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic association studies provide evidence for a substantial polygenic component to schizophrenia, although the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the disorder remain largely undefined. Building on recent studies supporting a role for developmentally regulated epigenetic variation in the molecular aetiology of schizophrenia, this study aimed to identify epigenetic variation associated with both a diagnosis of schizophrenia and elevated polygenic risk burden for the disease across multiple brain regions. Genome-wide DNA methylation was quantified in 262 post-mortem brain samples, representing tissue from four brain regions (prefrontal cortex, striatum, hippocampus and cerebellum) from 41 schizophrenia patients and 47 controls. We identified multiple disease-associated and polygenic risk score-associated differentially methylated positions and regions, which are not enriched in genomic regions identified in genetic studies of schizophrenia and do not reflect direct genetic effects on DNA methylation. Our study represents the first analysis of epigenetic variation associated with schizophrenia across multiple brain regions and highlights the utility of polygenic risk scores for identifying molecular pathways associated with aetiological variation in complex disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joana Viana
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Eilis Hannon
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Emma Dempster
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Ruth Pidsley
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ruby Macdonald
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Olivia Knox
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Helen Spiers
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Claire Troakes
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Safa Al-Saraj
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- Douglas Mental Health Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada and
| | | | - Jonathan Mill
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
|
22
|
Takemoto-Kimura S, Suzuki K, Horigane SI, Kamijo S, Inoue M, Sakamoto M, Fujii H, Bito H. Calmodulin kinases: essential regulators in health and disease. J Neurochem 2017; 141:808-818. [PMID: 28295333 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal activity induces intracellular Ca2+ increase, which triggers activation of a series of Ca2+ -dependent signaling cascades. Among these, the multifunctional Ca2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CaMKs, or calmodulin kinases) play key roles in neuronal transmission, synaptic plasticity, circuit development and cognition. The most investigated CaMKs for these roles in neuronal functions are CaMKI, CaMKII, CaMKIV and we will shed light on these neuronal CaMKs' functions in this review. Catalytically active members of CaMKs currently are CaMKI, CaMKII, CaMKIV and CaMKK. Although they all necessitate the binding of Ca2+ and calmodulin complex (Ca2+ /CaM) for releasing autoinhibition, each member of CaMK has distinct activation mechanisms-autophosphorylation mediated autonomy of multimeric CaMKII and CaMKK-dependent phosphoswitch-induced activation of CaMKI or CaMKIV. Furthermore, each CaMK shows distinct subcellular localization that underlies specific compartmentalized function in each activated neuron. In this review, we first summarize these molecular characteristics of each CaMK as to regulation and subcellular localization, and then describe each biological function. In the last section, we also focus on the emerging role of CaMKs in pathophysiological conditions by introducing the recent studies, especially focusing on drug addiction and depression, and discuss how dysfunctional CaMKs may contribute to the pathology of the neuropsychological disorders. This article is part of the mini review series "60th Anniversary of the Japanese Society for Neurochemistry".
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Takemoto-Kimura
- Department of Neurochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Neuroscience I, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan.,PRESTO-Japan Science and Technology Agency, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kanzo Suzuki
- Department of Neurochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Horigane
- Department of Neurochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Neuroscience I, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kamijo
- Department of Neurochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Inoue
- Department of Neurochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Sakamoto
- Department of Neurochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Fujii
- Department of Neurochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Bito
- Department of Neurochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Fujiwara Y, Kawaguchi Y, Fujimoto T, Kanayama N, Magari M, Tokumitsu H. Differential AMP-activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) Recognition Mechanism of Ca2+/Calmodulin-dependent Protein Kinase Kinase Isoforms. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:13802-8. [PMID: 27151216 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.727867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase β (CaMKKβ) is a known activating kinase for AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). In vitro, CaMKKβ phosphorylates Thr(172) in the AMPKα subunit more efficiently than CaMKKα, with a lower Km (∼2 μm) for AMPK, whereas the CaMKIα phosphorylation efficiencies by both CaMKKs are indistinguishable. Here we found that subdomain VIII of CaMKK is involved in the discrimination of AMPK as a native substrate by measuring the activities of various CaMKKα/CaMKKβ chimera mutants. Site-directed mutagenesis analysis revealed that Leu(358) in CaMKKβ/Ile(322) in CaMKKα confer, at least in part, a distinct recognition of AMPK but not of CaMKIα.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Fujiwara
- From the Division of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan and
| | - Yoshinori Kawaguchi
- From the Division of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan and
| | | | - Naoki Kanayama
- From the Division of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan and
| | - Masaki Magari
- From the Division of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan and
| | - Hiroshi Tokumitsu
- From the Division of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan and
| |
Collapse
|