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Li Y, Zhang X, Xu Z, Chu X, Hu Z, Ye Z, Li C, Wang Z, Zeng B, Pan J, Zhao Q, Zhou C, Lan Z, Kan G, He G, Xu X, Li W. Simulated weightlessness procedure, head-down bed rest has reversible effects on the metabolism of rhesus macaque. Mol Brain 2024; 17:65. [PMID: 39227961 PMCID: PMC11370317 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-024-01133-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
It is a consensus in the international manned space field that factors such as microgravity during the space flight can cause anxiety, depression and other important brain function abnormalities in astronauts. However, the neural mechanism at the molecular level is still unclear. Due to the limitations of research conditions, studies of biological changes in the primate brain have been comparatively few. We took advantage of -6° head-down bed rest (HDBR), one of the most implemented space analogues on the ground, to investigate the effects of simulated weightlessness on non-human primate brain metabolites. The Rhesus Macaque monkeys in the experiment were divided into three groups: the control group, the 42-day simulated weightlessness group with HDBR, and the recovery group, which had 28 days of free activity in the home cage after the HDBR. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to perform metabolomics analysis on specific brain areas of the monkeys under three experimental conditions. Our results show that simulated weightlessness can cause neurotransmitter imbalances, the amino acid and energy metabolism disorders, and hormone disturbances. But these metabolomics changes are reversible after recovery. Our study suggests that long-term brain damage in space flight might be reversible at the metabolic level. This lays a technical foundation for ensuring brain health and enhancing the brain function in future space studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Li
- Bio-X Institutes (Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Development and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Brain Health and Brain Technology Research Center in Global Institute of Future Technology, Institute of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Bio-X Institutes (Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Development and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Brain Health and Brain Technology Research Center in Global Institute of Future Technology, Institute of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Zhen Xu
- Bio-X Institutes (Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Development and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Brain Health and Brain Technology Research Center in Global Institute of Future Technology, Institute of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xixia Chu
- Bio-X Institutes (Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Development and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Brain Health and Brain Technology Research Center in Global Institute of Future Technology, Institute of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhiqiang Hu
- Bio-X Institutes (Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Development and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Brain Health and Brain Technology Research Center in Global Institute of Future Technology, Institute of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhengyang Ye
- Bio-X Institutes (Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Development and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Brain Health and Brain Technology Research Center in Global Institute of Future Technology, Institute of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Caiqin Li
- Bio-X Institutes (Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Development and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Brain Health and Brain Technology Research Center in Global Institute of Future Technology, Institute of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhenbo Wang
- Bio-X Institutes (Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Development and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Brain Health and Brain Technology Research Center in Global Institute of Future Technology, Institute of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Bin Zeng
- National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering, Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Jingyu Pan
- National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering, Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Bio-X Institutes (Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Development and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Brain Health and Brain Technology Research Center in Global Institute of Future Technology, Institute of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Chengbin Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Zhaohui Lan
- Bio-X Institutes (Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Development and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Brain Health and Brain Technology Research Center in Global Institute of Future Technology, Institute of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Guanghan Kan
- National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering, Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Guang He
- Bio-X Institutes (Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Development and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Brain Health and Brain Technology Research Center in Global Institute of Future Technology, Institute of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiaodan Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering, Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094, China.
| | - Weidong Li
- Bio-X Institutes (Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Development and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Brain Health and Brain Technology Research Center in Global Institute of Future Technology, Institute of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
- WLA Laboratories, World Laureates Association, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Gros A, Furlan FM, Rouglan V, Favereaux A, Bontempi B, Morel JL. Physical exercise restores adult neurogenesis deficits induced by simulated microgravity. NPJ Microgravity 2024; 10:69. [PMID: 38906877 PMCID: PMC11192769 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-024-00411-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairments have been reported in astronauts during spaceflights and documented in ground-based models of simulated microgravity (SMG) in animals. However, the neuronal causes of these behavioral effects remain largely unknown. We explored whether adult neurogenesis, known to be a crucial plasticity mechanism supporting memory processes, is altered by SMG. Adult male Long-Evans rats were submitted to the hindlimb unloading model of SMG. We studied the proliferation, survival and maturation of newborn cells in the following neurogenic niches: the subventricular zone (SVZ)/olfactory bulb (OB) and the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus, at different delays following various periods of SMG. SMG exposure for 7 days, but not shorter periods of 6 or 24 h, resulted in a decrease of newborn cell proliferation restricted to the DG. SMG also induced a decrease in short-term (7 days), but not long-term (21 days), survival of newborn cells in the SVZ/OB and DG. Physical exercise, used as a countermeasure, was able to reverse the decrease in newborn cell survival observed in the SVZ and DG. In addition, depending on the duration of SMG periods, transcriptomic analysis revealed modifications in gene expression involved in neurogenesis. These findings highlight the sensitivity of adult neurogenesis to gravitational environmental factors during a transient period, suggesting that there is a period of adaptation of physiological systems to this new environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Gros
- CNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287, University Bordeaux, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
- CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, University Bordeaux, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
- Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, F-75001, Paris, France
| | - Fandilla Marie Furlan
- CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, University Bordeaux, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
- Department of Genetics & Evolution, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Rouglan
- CNRS, IINS, UMR 5297, University Bordeaux, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Bruno Bontempi
- CNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287, University Bordeaux, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
- CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, University Bordeaux, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-Luc Morel
- CNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287, University Bordeaux, F-33000, Bordeaux, France.
- CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, University Bordeaux, F-33000, Bordeaux, France.
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3
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Zhao Y, Ji G, Zhou S, Cai S, Li K, Zhang W, Zhang C, Yan N, Zhang S, Li X, Song B, Qu L. IGF2BP2-Shox2 axis regulates hippocampal-neuronal senescence to alleviate microgravity-induced recognition disturbance. iScience 2024; 27:109917. [PMID: 38812544 PMCID: PMC11134919 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
During space travel, microgravity leads to disturbances in cognitive function, while the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Simulated microgravity mice showed neuronal age-like changes in the hippocampus of our study. In the context of microgravity, we discovered m6A modification reshapes in the hippocampal region. When paired with RNA-seq and MeRIP-seq, Shox2 was found to be a powerful regulator in hippocampal neuron that respondes to microgravity. Decreased expression of senescence-associated secretory phenotype factors and improved genes related to synapses led to the restoration of memory function in the hippocampus upon increased expression of Shox2. Moreover, we discovered that IGF2BP2 was required for the m6A modification of the Shox2, and overexpressed IGF2BP2 in the hippocampus protected against both neuronal senescence and learning and memory decline caused by loss of gravity. Accordingly, our research identified the hippocampal IGF2BP2-Shox2 axis as a possible therapeutic approach to maintaining cognitive function during space travel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
- Department of Pathology and Forensics, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Guohua Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Sihai Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
- Department of Pathology and Forensics, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shiou Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
- Department of Pathology and Forensics, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Kai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wanyu Zhang
- Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University School, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Na Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Shuhui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Song
- Department of Pathology and Forensics, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lina Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
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Liu Z, Luo G, Du R, Kan G, Han X, Zhong G, Xing W, Cui Y, Sun W, Li J, Li Y, Zhao D, Yuan X, Jin X, Han Y, Sun H, Ling S, Li Y. Simulated spaceflight-induced cardiac remodeling is modulated by gut microbial-derived trimethylamine N-oxide. iScience 2023; 26:108556. [PMID: 38125015 PMCID: PMC10730869 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Spaceflight is physically demanding and can negatively affect astronauts' health. It has been shown that the human gut microbiota and cardiac function are affected by spaceflight and simulated spaceflight. This study investigated the effects of the gut microbiota on simulated spaceflight-induced cardiac remodeling using 10° of head-down bed rest (HDBR) in rhesus macaques and 30° of hindlimb unloading (HU) in mice. The gut microbiota, fecal metabolites, and cardiac remodeling were markedly affected by HDBR in macaques and HU in mice, cardiac remodeling in control mice was affected by the gut microbiota of HU mice and that of HU mice was protected by the gut microbiota of control mice, and there was a correlation between cardiac remodeling and the gut microbial-derived metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide. These findings suggest that spaceflight can affect cardiac remodeling by modulating the gut microbiota and fecal metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizhong Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Space Medicine, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Gui Luo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ruikai Du
- National Key Laboratory of Space Medicine, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Guanghan Kan
- National Key Laboratory of Space Medicine, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Han
- National Key Laboratory of Space Medicine, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Guohui Zhong
- National Key Laboratory of Space Medicine, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjuan Xing
- School of Aerospace Medicine, Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ying Cui
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Weijia Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Space Medicine, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jianwei Li
- National Key Laboratory of Space Medicine, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yuheng Li
- National Key Laboratory of Space Medicine, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Dingsheng Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Space Medicine, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xinxin Yuan
- National Key Laboratory of Space Medicine, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Space Medicine, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yanping Han
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Huiyuan Sun
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shukuan Ling
- Oujiang Laboratory, Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yingxian Li
- National Key Laboratory of Space Medicine, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
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Luo X, Xu M, Guo W. Adult neurogenesis research in China. Dev Growth Differ 2023; 65:534-545. [PMID: 37899611 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem cells are multipotent stem cells that generate functional newborn neurons through a process called neurogenesis. Neurogenesis in the adult brain is tightly regulated and plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of brain function. Disruption of adult neurogenesis impairs cognitive function and is correlated with numerous neurologic disorders. Deciphering the mechanisms underlying adult neurogenesis not only advances our understanding of how the brain functions, but also offers new insight into neurologic diseases and potentially contributes to the development of effective treatments. The field of adult neurogenesis is experiencing significant growth in China. Chinese researchers have demonstrated a multitude of factors governing adult neurogenesis and revealed the underlying mechanisms of and correlations between adult neurogenesis and neurologic disorders. Here, we provide an overview of recent advancements in the field of adult neurogenesis due to Chinese scientists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyue Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weixiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Zong B, Wang Y, Wang J, Zhang P, Kan G, Li M, Feng J, Wang Y, Chen X, Jin R, Ge Q. Effects of long-term simulated microgravity on liver metabolism in rhesus macaques. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22536. [PMID: 36070186 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200544rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The liver is an essential multifunctional organ and constantly communicates with nearly all the tissues in the body. Spaceflight or simulated microgravity has a significant impact on the livers of rodent models, including lipid accumulation and inflammatory cell infiltration. Whether similar liver lipotoxicity could occur in humans is not known, even though altered circulating cholesterol profile has been reported in astronauts. Using a 42-day head-down bed rest (HDBR) model in rhesus macaques, the present study investigated whether simulated microgravity alters the liver of non-human primates at the transcriptome and metabolome levels. Its association with stress and intestinal changes was also explored. Compared to the controls, the HDBR monkeys showed mild liver injury, elevated ANGPTL3 level in the plasma, and accumulation of fat vacuoles and inflammatory cells in the liver. Altered transcriptome signatures with up-regulation of genes in lipid metabolisms and down-regulation of genes in innate immune defense were also found in HDBR group-derived liver samples. The metabolic profiling of the liver revealed mildly disturbed fatty acid metabolism in the liver of HDBR monkeys. The intestinal dysbiosis, its associated endotoxemia and changes in the composition of bile acids, and elevated stress hormone in HDBR monkeys may contribute to the altered lipid metabolisms in the liver. These data indicate that liver metabolic functions and gut-liver axis should be closely monitored in prolonged spaceflight to facilitate strategy design to improve and maintain metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Zong
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yujia Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, Chinese Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Guanghan Kan
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, Chinese Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyang Li
- Immunology Research Center, Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Feng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, Chinese Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China.,National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering, China Astronauts Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Jin
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Ge
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China
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