1
|
Dai F, Hu C, Li X, Zhang Z, Wang H, Zhou W, Wang J, Geng Q, Dong Y, Tang C. Cav3.2 channel regulates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury: a promising target for intervention. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2480-2487. [PMID: 38526284 PMCID: PMC11090426 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.390966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202419110-00028/figure1/v/2024-03-08T184507Z/r/image-tiff Calcium influx into neurons triggers neuronal death during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Various calcium channels are involved in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Cav3.2 channel is a main subtype of T-type calcium channels. T-type calcium channel blockers, such as pimozide and mibefradil, have been shown to prevent cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury-induced brain injury. However, the role of Cav3.2 channels in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury remains unclear. Here, in vitro and in vivo models of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury were established using middle cerebral artery occlusion in mice and high glucose hypoxia/reoxygenation exposure in primary hippocampal neurons. The results showed that Cav3.2 expression was significantly upregulated in injured hippocampal tissue and primary hippocampal neurons. We further established a Cav3.2 gene-knockout mouse model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Cav3.2 knockout markedly reduced infarct volume and brain water content, and alleviated neurological dysfunction after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Additionally, Cav3.2 knockout attenuated cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury-induced oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and neuronal apoptosis. In the hippocampus of Cav3.2-knockout mice, calcineurin overexpression offset the beneficial effect of Cav3.2 knockout after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. These findings suggest that the neuroprotective function of Cav3.2 knockout is mediated by calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T cells 3 signaling. Findings from this study suggest that Cav3.2 could be a promising target for treatment of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feibiao Dai
- Graduate School, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
- Core Facility Center for Medical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC (Anhui Provincial Hospital), Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Chengyun Hu
- Graduate School, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
- Core Facility Center for Medical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC (Anhui Provincial Hospital), Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xue Li
- Graduate School, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
- Core Facility Center for Medical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC (Anhui Provincial Hospital), Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Zhetao Zhang
- Core Facility Center for Medical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC (Anhui Provincial Hospital), Hefei, Anhui Province, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Hongtao Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
- Core Facility Center for Medical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC (Anhui Provincial Hospital), Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Wanjun Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
- Core Facility Center for Medical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC (Anhui Provincial Hospital), Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jiawu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
- Core Facility Center for Medical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC (Anhui Provincial Hospital), Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Qingtian Geng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
- Core Facility Center for Medical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC (Anhui Provincial Hospital), Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yongfei Dong
- Core Facility Center for Medical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC (Anhui Provincial Hospital), Hefei, Anhui Province, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Chaoliang Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
- Core Facility Center for Medical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC (Anhui Provincial Hospital), Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Schwarz AM, Keresztes A, Bui T, Hecksel R, Peña A, Lent B, Gao ZG, Gamez-Rivera M, Seekins CA, Chou K, Appel TL, Jacobson KA, Al-Obeidi FA, Streicher JM. Terpenes from Cannabis sativa induce antinociception in a mouse model of chronic neuropathic pain via activation of adenosine A2A receptors. Pain 2024:00006396-990000000-00589. [PMID: 38709489 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Terpenes are small hydrocarbon compounds that impart aroma and taste to many plants, including Cannabis sativa. A number of studies have shown that terpenes can produce pain relief in various pain states in both humans and animals. However, these studies were methodologically limited and few established mechanisms of action. In our previous work, we showed that the terpenes geraniol, linalool, β-pinene, α-humulene, and β-caryophyllene produced cannabimimetic behavioral effects via multiple receptor targets. We thus expanded this work to explore the potential antinociception and mechanism of these Cannabis terpenes in a mouse model of chronic pain. We first tested for antinociception by injecting terpenes (200 mg/kg, IP) into male and female CD-1 mice with mouse models of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) or lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory pain, finding that the terpenes produced roughly equal antinociception to 10 mg/kg morphine or 3.2 mg/kg WIN55,212. We further found that none of the terpenes produced reward as measured by conditioned place preference, while low doses of terpene (100 mg/kg) combined with morphine (3.2 mg/kg) produced enhanced antinociception vs either alone. We then used the adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) selective antagonist istradefylline (3.2 mg/kg, IP) and spinal cord-specific CRISPR knockdown of the A2AR to identify this receptor as the mechanism for terpene antinociception in CIPN. In vitro cAMP and binding studies and in silico modeling studies further suggested that the terpenes act as A2AR agonists. Together these studies identify Cannabis terpenes as potential therapeutics for chronic neuropathic pain and identify a receptor mechanism for this activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abigail M Schwarz
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Attila Keresztes
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Thai Bui
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Ryan Hecksel
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Adrian Peña
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Brianna Lent
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Martín Gamez-Rivera
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Caleb A Seekins
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Kerry Chou
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Taylor L Appel
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Fahad A Al-Obeidi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - John M Streicher
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Comprehensive Center for Pain and Addiction, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lechkova B, Benbassat N, Karcheva-Bahchevanska D, Ivanov K, Peychev L, Peychev Z, Dyankov S, Georgieva-Dimova Y, Kraev K, Ivanova S. A Comparison between Bulgarian Tanacetum parthenium Essential Oil from Two Different Locations. Molecules 2024; 29:1969. [PMID: 38731460 PMCID: PMC11085318 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29091969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Tanacetum parthenium L. (Asteraceae) is a perennial herbaceous plant with a long-standing historical use in traditional medicine. Recently Tanacetum parthenium L. essential oil has been associated with a promising potential for future applications in the pharmaceutical industry, in the cosmetics industry, and in agriculture. Investigations on the essential oil (EO) have indicated antimicrobial, antioxidant, and repellent activity. The present study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition of Bulgarian T. parthenium essential oil from two different regions, to compare the results to those reported previously in the literature, and to point out some of its future applications. The essential oils of the air-dried flowering aerial parts were obtained by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus. The chemical composition was evaluated using gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). It was established that the oxygenated monoterpenes were the predominant terpene class, followed by the monoterpene hydrocarbons. Significant qualitative and quantitative differences between both samples were revealed. Camphor (50.90%), camphene (16.12%), and bornyl acetate (6.05%) were the major constituents in the feverfew EO from the western Rhodope Mountains, while in the EO from the central Balkan mountains camphor (45.54%), trans-chrysanthenyl acetate (13.87%), and camphene (13.03%) were the most abundant components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Borislava Lechkova
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (B.L.); (N.B.); (D.K.-B.); (K.I.); (S.D.); (Y.G.-D.)
- Research Institute, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Niko Benbassat
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (B.L.); (N.B.); (D.K.-B.); (K.I.); (S.D.); (Y.G.-D.)
- Research Institute, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Diana Karcheva-Bahchevanska
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (B.L.); (N.B.); (D.K.-B.); (K.I.); (S.D.); (Y.G.-D.)
- Research Institute, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Kalin Ivanov
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (B.L.); (N.B.); (D.K.-B.); (K.I.); (S.D.); (Y.G.-D.)
- Research Institute, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Lyudmil Peychev
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
| | - Zhivko Peychev
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biostatistics and E-Learning, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
| | - Stanislav Dyankov
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (B.L.); (N.B.); (D.K.-B.); (K.I.); (S.D.); (Y.G.-D.)
- Research Institute, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Yoana Georgieva-Dimova
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (B.L.); (N.B.); (D.K.-B.); (K.I.); (S.D.); (Y.G.-D.)
| | - Krasimir Kraev
- Department of Propedeutics of Internal Diseases, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
| | - Stanislava Ivanova
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (B.L.); (N.B.); (D.K.-B.); (K.I.); (S.D.); (Y.G.-D.)
- Research Institute, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Stamatiou R, Anagnostopoulou M, Ioannidou-Kabouri K, Rapti C, Lazou A. Camphene as a Protective Agent in Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:405. [PMID: 38671853 PMCID: PMC11047447 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R) and the resulting heart failure is one of the main causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Camphene has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and hypolipidemic properties; however, its role in the protection of the heart from ischemia and reperfusion has not been investigated. The cardioprotective role of camphene and the mechanism that mediates its action against I/R injury was evaluated in the present study. A single dose of camphene was administered in adult rats prior to ex vivo I/R induction. Infarct size was measured using 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining and cardiomyocyte injury was assessed by determining the release of the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Camphene pretreatment provided significant protection reducing myocardial infarct size and cell death after I/R. The effect was correlated with the reduction in oxidative stress as evidenced by the determination of protein carbonylation, GSH/GSSG ratio, the increase in mitochondrial content as determined by CS activity, and the modulation of antioxidant defense mechanisms (expression of Nrf2 and target genes and activities of CAT, MnSOD, and GR). Furthermore, ferroptosis was decreased, as demonstrated by downregulation of GPx4 expression and reduction in lipid peroxidation. The results suggest that camphene can protect the heart against I/R injury by maintaining redox homeostasis and can hold therapeutic potential for mitigating the detrimental effects of I/R in the heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Antigone Lazou
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (R.S.); (K.I.-K.); (C.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Anand U, Anand P, Sodergren MH. Terpenes in Cannabis sativa Inhibit Capsaicin Responses in Rat DRG Neurons via Na +/K + ATPase Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16340. [PMID: 38003528 PMCID: PMC10671062 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Terpenes in Cannabis sativa exert analgesic effects, but the mechanisms are uncertain. We examined the effects of 10 terpenes on capsaicin responses in an established model of neuronal hypersensitivity. Adult rat DRG neurons cultured with neurotrophic factors NGF and GDNF were loaded with Fura2AM for calcium imaging, and treated with individual terpenes or vehicle for 5 min, followed by 1 µMol capsaicin. In vehicle treated control experiments, capsaicin elicited immediate and sustained calcium influx. Most neurons treated with terpenes responded to capsaicin after 6-8 min. Few neurons showed immediate capsaicin responses that were transient or normal. The delayed responses were found to be due to calcium released from the endoplasmic reticulum, as they were maintained in calcium/magnesium free media, but not after thapsigargin pre-treatment. Terpene inhibition of calcium influx was reversed after washout of medium, in the absence of terpenes, and in the presence of the Na+/K+ ATPase inhibitor ouabain, but not CB1 or CB2 receptor antagonists. Thus, terpenes inhibit capsaicin evoked calcium influx by Na+/K+ ATPase activation. Immunofluorescence showed TRPV1 co-expression with α1β1 Na+/K+ ATPase in most neurons while others were either TRPV1 or α1β1 Na+/K+ ATPase positive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uma Anand
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Rd, London W12 ONN, UK; (P.A.); (M.H.S.)
| | - Praveen Anand
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Rd, London W12 ONN, UK; (P.A.); (M.H.S.)
| | - Mikael Hans Sodergren
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Rd, London W12 ONN, UK; (P.A.); (M.H.S.)
- Curaleaf International Ltd., 179 Great Portland Street, London W1W 5PL, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rangel-Galván M, Rangel-Galván V, Rangel-Huerta A. T-type calcium channel modulation by hydrogen sulfide in neuropathic pain conditions. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1212800. [PMID: 37529702 PMCID: PMC10387653 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1212800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain can appear as a direct or indirect nerve damage lesion or disease that affects the somatosensory nervous system. If the neurons are damaged or indirectly stimulated, immune cells contribute significantly to inflammatory and neuropathic pain. After nerve injury, peripheral macrophages/spinal microglia accumulate around damaged neurons, producing endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2S) through the cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) enzyme. H2S has a pronociceptive modulation on the Cav3.2 subtype, the predominant Cav3 isoform involved in pain processes. The present review provides relevant information about H2S modulation on the Cav3.2 T-type channels in neuropathic pain conditions. We have discussed that the dual effect of H2S on T-type channels is concentration-dependent, that is, an inhibitory effect is seen at low concentrations of 10 µM and an augmentation effect on T-current at 100 µM. The modulation mechanism of the Cav3.2 channel by H2S involves the direct participation of the redox/Zn2+ affinity site located in the His191 in the extracellular loop of domain I of the channel, involving a group of extracellular cysteines, comprising C114, C123, C128, and C1333, that can modify the local redox environment. The indirect interaction pathways involve the regulation of the Cav3.2 channel through cytokines, kinases, and post-translational regulators of channel expression. The findings conclude that the CSE/H2S/Cav3.2 pathway could be a promising therapeutic target for neuropathic pain disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maricruz Rangel-Galván
- Biothecnology Department, Metropolitan Polytechnic University of Puebla, Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Violeta Rangel-Galván
- Nursing and Physiotherapy Department, University of Professional Development, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Rangel-Huerta
- Faculty of Computer Science, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla, Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
de Maria Gadotti V, Antunes FTT, Zamponi GW. Analgesia by intrathecal delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol is dependent on Cav3.2 calcium channels. Mol Brain 2023; 16:47. [PMID: 37231418 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-023-01036-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) is known to produce systemic analgesia that involves CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors. However, there is compelling evidence that Δ9-THC can potently inhibit Cav3.2T-type calcium channels which are highly expressed in dorsal root ganglion neurons and in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Here, we investigated whether spinal analgesia produced by Δ9-THC involves Cav3.2 channels vis a vis cannabinoid receptors. We show that spinally delivered Δ9-THC produced dose-dependent and long-lasting mechanical anti-hyperalgesia in neuropathic mice, and showed potent analgesic effects in models of inflammatory pain induced by formalin or Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) injection into the hind paw, with the latter showing no overt sex differences. The Δ9-THC mediated reversal of thermal hyperalgesia in the CFA model was abolished in Cav3.2 null mice, but was unaltered in CB1 and CB2 null animals. Hence, the analgesic effects of spinally delivered Δ9-THC are due to an action on T-type calcium channels, rather than activation of spinal cannabinoid receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius de Maria Gadotti
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Flavia Tasmin Techera Antunes
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Gerald W Zamponi
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Antunes FTT, Campos MM, Carvalho VDPR, da Silva Junior CA, Magno LAV, de Souza AH, Gomez MV. Current Drug Development Overview: Targeting Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels for the Treatment of Pain. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119223. [PMID: 37298174 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) are targeted to treat pain conditions. Since the discovery of their relation to pain processing control, they are investigated to find new strategies for better pain control. This review provides an overview of naturally based and synthetic VGCC blockers, highlighting new evidence on the development of drugs focusing on the VGCC subtypes as well as mixed targets with pre-clinical and clinical analgesic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Tasmin Techera Antunes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Maria Martha Campos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90619-900, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Luiz Alexandre Viana Magno
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais (FCMMG), Belo Horizonte 30110-005, MG, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Hubner de Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais (FCMMG), Belo Horizonte 30110-005, MG, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Picard E, Kerckhove N, François A, Boudieu L, Billard E, Carvalho FA, Bogard G, Gosset P, Bourdier J, Aissouni Y, Bourinet E, Eschalier A, Daulhac L, Mallet C. Role of T CD4 + cells, macrophages, C-low threshold mechanoreceptors and spinal Ca v 3.2 channels in inflammation and related pain-like symptoms in murine inflammatory models. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:385-400. [PMID: 36131381 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE T-type calcium channels, mainly the Cav 3.2 subtype, are important contributors to the nociceptive signalling pathway. We investigated their involvement in inflammation and related pain-like symptoms. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The involvement of Cav 3.2 and T-type channels was investigated using genetic and pharmacological inhibition to assess mechanical allodynia/hyperalgesia and oedema development in two murine inflammatory pain models. The location of Cav 3.2 channels involved in pain-like symptoms was studied in mice with Cav 3.2 knocked out in C-low threshold mechanoreceptors (C-LTMR) and the use of ABT-639, a peripherally restricted T-type channel inhibitor. The anti-oedema effect of Cav 3.2 channel inhibition was investigated in chimeric mice with immune cells deleted for Cav 3.2. Lymphocytes and macrophages from either green fluorescent protein-targeted Cav 3.2 or KO mice were used to determine the expression of Cav 3.2 protein and the functional status of the cells. KEY RESULTS Cav 3.2 channels contributed to the development of pain-like symptoms and oedema in the two murine inflammatory pain models. Our results provided evidence of the involvement of Cav 3.2 channels located on C-LTMRs and spinal cord in inflammatory pain. Cav 3.2 channels located in T cells and macrophages contribute to the inflammatory process. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Cav 3.2 channels play crucial roles in inflammation and related pain, implying that targeting of Cav 3.2 channels with pharmacological agents could be an attractive and readily evaluable strategy in clinical trials, to relieve chronic inflammatory pain in patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Picard
- Inserm, U1107 Neuro-Dol, Pharmacologie Fondamentale et Clinique de la Douleur, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Faculty of Medicine, ANALGESIA Institute, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Inserm, U1019, CNRS UMR 9017, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Nicolas Kerckhove
- Inserm, U1107 Neuro-Dol, Pharmacologie Fondamentale et Clinique de la Douleur, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Faculty of Medicine, ANALGESIA Institute, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Medical Pharmacology Department, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Amaury François
- CNRS, INSERM, IGF, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Ludivine Boudieu
- Inserm, U1107 Neuro-Dol, Pharmacologie Fondamentale et Clinique de la Douleur, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Faculty of Medicine, ANALGESIA Institute, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Elisabeth Billard
- Inserm U1071, INRA USC2018, M2iSH, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Frédéric Antonio Carvalho
- Inserm, U1107 Neuro-Dol, Pharmacologie Fondamentale et Clinique de la Douleur, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Faculty of Medicine, ANALGESIA Institute, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Gemma Bogard
- Inserm, U1019, CNRS UMR 9017, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Gosset
- Inserm, U1019, CNRS UMR 9017, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Justine Bourdier
- Inserm, U1107 Neuro-Dol, Pharmacologie Fondamentale et Clinique de la Douleur, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Faculty of Medicine, ANALGESIA Institute, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Youssef Aissouni
- Inserm, U1107 Neuro-Dol, Pharmacologie Fondamentale et Clinique de la Douleur, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Faculty of Medicine, ANALGESIA Institute, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Alain Eschalier
- Inserm, U1107 Neuro-Dol, Pharmacologie Fondamentale et Clinique de la Douleur, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Faculty of Medicine, ANALGESIA Institute, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Laurence Daulhac
- Inserm, U1107 Neuro-Dol, Pharmacologie Fondamentale et Clinique de la Douleur, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Faculty of Medicine, ANALGESIA Institute, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Christophe Mallet
- Inserm, U1107 Neuro-Dol, Pharmacologie Fondamentale et Clinique de la Douleur, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Faculty of Medicine, ANALGESIA Institute, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kramer L, Sarkar A, Foderaro T, Markley AL, Lee J, Edstrom H, Sharma S, Gill E, Traylor MJ, Fox JM. Genetically Encoded Detection of Biosynthetic Protease Inhibitors. ACS Synth Biol 2023; 12:83-94. [PMID: 36574400 PMCID: PMC10072156 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.2c00384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Proteases are an important class of drug targets that continue to drive inhibitor discovery. These enzymes are prone to resistance mutations, yet their promise for treating viral diseases and other disorders continues to grow. This study develops a general approach for detecting microbially synthesized protease inhibitors and uses it to screen terpenoid pathways for inhibitory compounds. The detection scheme relies on a bacterial two-hybrid (B2H) system that links protease inactivation to the transcription of a swappable reporter gene. This system, which can accomodate multiple biochemical outputs (i.e., luminescence and antibiotic resistance), permitted the facile incorporation of four disease-relevant proteases. A B2H designed to detect the inactivation of the main protease of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 enabled the identification of a terpenoid inhibitor of modest potency. An analysis of multiple pathways that make this terpenoid, however, suggested that its production was necessary but not sufficient to confer a survival advantage in growth-coupled assays. This finding highlights an important challenge associated with the use of genetic selection to search for inhibitors─notably, the influence of pathway toxicity─and underlines the value of including multiple pathways with overlapping product profiles in pathway screens. This study provides a detailed experimental framework for using microbes to screen libraries of biosynthetic pathways for targeted protease inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Levi Kramer
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, Colorado80303, United States
| | - Ankur Sarkar
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, Colorado80303, United States
| | - Tom Foderaro
- Think Bioscience, Inc., 1945 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, Colorado80309, United States
| | - Andrew L Markley
- Think Bioscience, Inc., 1945 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, Colorado80309, United States
| | - Jessica Lee
- Think Bioscience, Inc., 1945 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, Colorado80309, United States
| | - Hannah Edstrom
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, Colorado80303, United States
| | - Shajesh Sharma
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, Colorado80303, United States
| | - Eden Gill
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, Colorado80303, United States
| | - Matthew J Traylor
- Think Bioscience, Inc., 1945 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, Colorado80309, United States
| | - Jerome M Fox
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, Colorado80303, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Harding EK, Souza IA, Gandini MA, Gadotti VM, Ali MY, Huang S, Antunes FTT, Trang T, Zamponi GW. Differential regulation of Ca v 3.2 and Ca v 2.2 calcium channels by CB 1 receptors and cannabidiol. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:1616-1633. [PMID: 36647671 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cannabinoids are a promising therapeutic avenue for chronic pain. However, clinical trials often fail to report analgesic efficacy of cannabinoids. Inhibition of voltage gate calcium (Cav ) channels is one mechanism through which cannabinoids may produce analgesia. We hypothesized that cannabinoids and cannabinoid receptor agonists target different types of Cav channels through distinct mechanisms. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Electrophysiological recordings from tsA-201 cells expressing either Cav 3.2 or Cav 2.2 were used to assess inhibition by HU-210 or cannabidiol (CBD) in the absence and presence of the CB1 receptor. Homology modelling assessed potential interaction sites for CBD in both Cav 2.2 and Cav 3.2. Analgesic effects of CBD were assessed in mouse models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain. KEY RESULTS HU-210 (1 μM) inhibited Cav 2.2 function in the presence of CB1 receptor but had no effect on Cav 3.2 regardless of co-expression of CB1 receptor. By contrast, CBD (3 μM) produced no inhibition of Cav 2.2 and instead inhibited Cav 3.2 independently of CB1 receptors. Homology modelling supported these findings, indicating that CBD binds to and occludes the pore of Cav 3.2, but not Cav 2.2. Intrathecal CBD alleviated thermal and mechanical hypersensitivity in both male and female mice, and this effect was absent in Cav 3.2 null mice. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our findings reveal differential modulation of Cav 2.2 and Cav 3.2 channels by CB1 receptors and CBD. This advances our understanding of how different cannabinoids produce analgesia through action at different voltage-gated calcium channels and could influence the development of novel cannabinoid-based therapeutics for treatment of chronic pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erika K Harding
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, and Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ivana A Souza
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, and Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Maria A Gandini
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, and Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Vinícius M Gadotti
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, and Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Zymedyne Therapeutics, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Md Yousof Ali
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, and Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Zymedyne Therapeutics, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Sun Huang
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, and Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Flavia T T Antunes
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, and Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Tuan Trang
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, and Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Gerald W Zamponi
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, and Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Andrei C, Zanfirescu A, Nițulescu GM, Olaru OT, Negreș S. Natural Active Ingredients and TRPV1 Modulation: Focus on Key Chemical Moieties Involved in Ligand-Target Interaction. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:339. [PMID: 36679051 PMCID: PMC9860573 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Diseases such as cancer, neurological pathologies and chronic pain represent currently unmet needs. The existing pharmacotherapeutic options available for treating these conditions are limited by lack of efficiency and/or side effects. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 ion channel emerged as an attractive therapeutic target for developing new analgesic, anti-cancer and antiepileptic agents. Furthermore, various natural ingredients were shown to have affinity for this receptor. The aim of this narrative review was to summarize the diverse natural scaffolds of TRPV1 modulators based on their agonistic/antagonistic properties and to analyze the structure-activity relationships between the ligands and molecular targets based on the results of the existing molecular docking, mutagenesis and in vitro studies. We present here an exhaustive collection of TRPV1 modulators grouped by relevant chemical features: vanilloids, guaiacols, phenols, alkylbenzenes, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenoids, alkaloids, etc. The information herein is useful for understanding the key structural elements mediating the interaction with TRPV1 and how their structural variation impacts the interaction between the ligand and receptor. We hope this data will contribute to the design of novel effective and safe TRPV1 modulators, to help overcome the lack of effective therapeutic agents against pathologies with high morbidity and mortality.
Collapse
|
13
|
Goyal S, Goyal S, Goins AE, Alles SR. Plant-derived natural products targeting ion channels for pain. NEUROBIOLOGY OF PAIN (CAMBRIDGE, MASS.) 2023; 13:100128. [PMID: 37151956 PMCID: PMC10160805 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynpai.2023.100128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Chronic pain affects approximately one-fifth of people worldwide and reduces quality of life and in some cases, working ability. Ion channels expressed along nociceptive pathways affect neuronal excitability and as a result modulate pain experience. Several ion channels have been identified and investigated as potential targets for new medicines for the treatment of a variety of human diseases, including chronic pain. Voltage-gated channels Na+ and Ca2+ channels, K+ channels, transient receptor potential channels (TRP), purinergic (P2X) channels and acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are some examples of ion channels exhibiting altered function or expression in different chronic pain states. Pharmacological approaches are being developed to mitigate dysregulation of these channels as potential treatment options. Since natural compounds of plant origin exert promising biological and pharmacological properties and are believed to possess less adverse effects compared to synthetic drugs, they have been widely studied as treatments for chronic pain for their ability to alter the functional activity of ion channels. A literature review was conducted using Medline, Google Scholar and PubMed, resulted in listing 79 natural compounds/extracts that are reported to interact with ion channels as part of their analgesic mechanism of action. Most in vitro studies utilized electrophysiological techniques to study the effect of natural compounds on ion channels using primary cultures of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons. In vivo studies concentrated on different pain models and were conducted mainly in mice and rats. Proceeding into clinical trials will require further study to develop new, potent and specific ion channel modulators of plant origin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Goyal
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
| | - Shivali Goyal
- School of Pharmacy, Abhilashi University, Chail Chowk, Mandi, HP 175045, India
| | - Aleyah E. Goins
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
| | - Sascha R.A. Alles
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
- Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Calderon-Rivera A, Loya-Lopez S, Gomez K, Khanna R. Plant and fungi derived analgesic natural products targeting voltage-gated sodium and calcium channels. Channels (Austin) 2022; 16:198-215. [PMID: 36017978 PMCID: PMC9423853 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2022.2103234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium and calcium channels (VGSCs and VGCCs) play an important role in the modulation of physiologically relevant processes in excitable cells that range from action potential generation to neurotransmission. Once their expression and/or function is altered in disease, specific pharmacological approaches become necessary to mitigate the negative consequences of such dysregulation. Several classes of small molecules have been developed with demonstrated effectiveness on VGSCs and VGCCs; however, off-target effects have also been described, limiting their use and spurring efforts to find more specific and safer molecules to target these channels. There are a great number of plants and herbal preparations that have been empirically used for the treatment of diseases in which VGSCs and VGCCs are involved. Some of these natural products have progressed to clinical trials, while others are under investigation for their action mechanisms on signaling pathways, including channels. In this review, we synthesize information from ~30 compounds derived from natural sources like plants and fungi and delineate their effects on VGSCs and VGCCs in human disease, particularly pain. [Figure: see text].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aida Calderon-Rivera
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, USA,NYU Pain Research Center, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Santiago Loya-Lopez
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, USA,NYU Pain Research Center, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kimberly Gomez
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, USA,NYU Pain Research Center, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rajesh Khanna
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, USA,NYU Pain Research Center, New York University, New York, NY, USA,CONTACT Rajesh Khanna
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mirlohi S, Bladen C, Santiago MJ, Arnold JC, McGregor I, Connor M. Inhibition of human recombinant T-type calcium channels by phytocannabinoids in vitro. Br J Pharmacol 2022; 179:4031-4043. [PMID: 35342937 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE T-type Ca channels (ICa ) regulate neuronal excitability and contribute to neurotransmitter release. The phytocannabinoids Δ9 -tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol effectively modulate T-type ICa , but effects of other biologically active phytocannabinoids on these channels are unknown. We thus investigated the modulation of T-type ICa by low abundance phytocannabinoids. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH A fluorometric (FLIPR) assay was used to investigate modulation of human T-type ICa (CaV 3.1, 3.2 and 3.3) stably expressed in FlpIn-TREx HEK293 cells. The biophysical effects of some compounds were examined using whole-cell patch clamp recordings from the same cells. KEY RESULTS In the FLIPR assay, all eleven phytocannabinoids tested modulated T-type ICa , with most inhibiting CaV 3.1 and CaV 3.2 more effectively than CaV 3.3. Cannabigerolic acid was the most potent inhibitor of CaV 3.1 (pIC50 6.1 ± 0.6) and CaV 3.2 (pIC50 6.4 ± 0.4); in all cases phytocannabinoid acids were more potent than their corresponding neutral forms. In patch clamp recordings, cannabigerolic acid inhibited CaV 3.1 and 3.2 with similar potency to the FLIPR assay, the inhibition was associated with significant hyperpolarizing shift in activation and steady state inactivation of these channels. In contrast, cannabidiol, cannabidivarin and cannabigerol only affected channel inactivation. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Modulation of T-type calcium channels is a common property of phytocannabinoids, which all increase steady state inactivation at physiological membrane potentials, with some also affecting channel activation. Thus, T-type ICa may be a common site of action for phytocannabinoids, and the diverse actions of phytocannabinoids on channel gating may provide insight into structural requirement for selective T-type ICa modulators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Mirlohi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney
| | - Chris Bladen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney
| | - Marina J Santiago
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney
| | - Jonathon C Arnold
- The Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Pharmacology, Sydney Pharmacy School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ian McGregor
- The Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark Connor
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney
| |
Collapse
|