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Zhu J, Zhang K, Chen Y, Ge X, Wu J, Xu P, Yao J. Progress of single-cell RNA sequencing combined with spatial transcriptomics in tumour microenvironment and treatment of pancreatic cancer. J Transl Med 2024; 22:563. [PMID: 38867230 PMCID: PMC11167806 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05307-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, single-cell analyses have revealed the heterogeneity of the tumour microenvironment (TME) at the genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic levels, further improving our understanding of the mechanisms of tumour development. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology allow analysis of the transcriptome at the single-cell level and have unprecedented potential for exploration of the characteristics involved in tumour development and progression. These techniques allow analysis of transcript sequences at higher resolution, thereby increasing our understanding of the diversity of cells found in the tumour microenvironment and how these cells interact in complex tumour tissue. Although scRNA-seq has emerged as an important tool for studying the tumour microenvironment in recent years, it cannot be used to analyse spatial information for cells. In this regard, spatial transcriptomics (ST) approaches allow researchers to understand the functions of individual cells in complex multicellular organisms by understanding their physical location in tissue sections. In particular, in related research on tumour heterogeneity, ST is an excellent complementary approach to scRNA-seq, constituting a new method for further exploration of tumour heterogeneity, and this approach can also provide unprecedented insight into the development of treatments for pancreatic cancer (PC). In this review, based on the methods of scRNA-seq and ST analyses, research progress on the tumour microenvironment and treatment of pancreatic cancer is further explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xinyu Ge
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Junqing Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Jie Yao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Mannully ST, Mahajna R, Nazzal H, Maree S, Zheng H, Appella DH, Reich R, Yavin E. Detecting the FLJ22447 lncRNA in Ovarian Cancer with Cyclopentane-Modified FIT-PNAs (cpFIT-PNAs). Biomolecules 2024; 14:609. [PMID: 38927013 PMCID: PMC11202290 DOI: 10.3390/biom14060609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most lethal gynecologic cancers that is typically diagnosed at the very late stage of disease progression. Thus, there is an unmet need to develop diagnostic probes for early detection of OC. One approach may rely on RNA as a molecular biomarker. In this regard, FLJ22447 lncRNA is an RNA biomarker that is over-expressed in ovarian cancer (OC) and in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). CAFs appear early on in OC as they provide a metastatic niche for OC progression. FIT-PNAs (forced intercalation-peptide nucleic acids) are DNA analogs that are designed to fluoresce upon hybridization to their complementary RNA target sequence. In recent studies, we have shown that the introduction of cyclopentane PNAs into FIT-PNAs (cpFIT-PNA) results in superior RNA sensors. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of cpFIT-PNAs for the detection of this RNA biomarker in living OC cells (OVCAR8) and in CAFs. cpFIT-PNA was compared to FIT-PNA and the cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) of choice was either a simple one (four L-lysines) or a CPP with enhanced cellular uptake (CLIP6). The combination of CLIP6 with cpFIT-PNA resulted in a superior sensing of FLJ22447 lncRNA in OVCAR8 cells as well as in CAFs. Moreover, incubation of CLIP6-cpFIT-PNA in OVCAR8 cells leads to a significant decrease (ca. 60%) in FLJ22447 lncRNA levels and in cell viability, highlighting the potential theranostic use of such molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheethal Thomas Mannully
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Hadassah Ein-Kerem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (S.T.M.); (R.M.); (H.N.); (S.M.); (R.R.)
| | - Rawan Mahajna
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Hadassah Ein-Kerem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (S.T.M.); (R.M.); (H.N.); (S.M.); (R.R.)
| | - Huda Nazzal
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Hadassah Ein-Kerem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (S.T.M.); (R.M.); (H.N.); (S.M.); (R.R.)
| | - Salam Maree
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Hadassah Ein-Kerem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (S.T.M.); (R.M.); (H.N.); (S.M.); (R.R.)
| | - Hongchao Zheng
- Synthetic Bioactive Molecules Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry (LBC), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health, 8 Center Drive, Room 404, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (H.Z.); (D.H.A.)
| | - Daniel H. Appella
- Synthetic Bioactive Molecules Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry (LBC), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health, 8 Center Drive, Room 404, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (H.Z.); (D.H.A.)
| | - Reuven Reich
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Hadassah Ein-Kerem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (S.T.M.); (R.M.); (H.N.); (S.M.); (R.R.)
| | - Eylon Yavin
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Hadassah Ein-Kerem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (S.T.M.); (R.M.); (H.N.); (S.M.); (R.R.)
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3
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Liu Y, Han X, Han Y, Bi J, Wu Y, Xiang D, Zhang Y, Bi W, Xu M, Li J. Integrated transcriptomic analysis systematically reveals the heterogeneity and molecular characterization of cancer-associated fibroblasts in osteosarcoma. Gene 2024; 907:148286. [PMID: 38367852 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcoma (OS), with a peak incidence during the adolescent growth spurt, is correlated with poor prognosis for its high malignancy. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is highly complicated, with frequent interactions between tumor and stromal cells. The cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in the TME have been considered to actively involve in the progression, metastasis, and drug resistance of OS. This study aimed to characterize cellular heterogeneity and molecular characterization in CAFs subtypes and explore the potential targeting therapeutic strategies to improve the prognosis of OS patients. METHODS The single-cell atlas of human OS tumor lesions were constructed from the GEO database. Then significant marker genes and potential biological functions for each CAFs subtype were identified and explored using the Seurat R package. Next, by performing the survival analyses and constructing the risk scores for CAFs subtypes, we aimed to identify and characterize the prognostic values of specific marker genes and different CAFs subtypes. Furthermore, we explored the therapeutic targets and innovative drugs targeting different CAFs subtypes based on the GDSC database. Finally, prognoses related CAFs subtypes were further validated through immunohistochemistry (IHC) on clinical OS specimens. RESULTS Overall, nine main cell clusters and five subtypes of CAFs were identified. The differentially expressed marker genes for each CAFs clusters were then identified. Moreover, through Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, we defined the CAFs_2 (upregulated CXCL14 and C3), which was closely related to leukocyte migration and chemotaxis, as inflammatory CAFs (iCAFs). Likewise, we defined the CAFs_4 (upregulated CD74, HLA-DRA and HLA-DRB1), which was closely related to antigen process and presentation, as antigen-presenting CAFs (apCAFs). Furthermore, Kaplan-Meier analyses showed that CAFs_2 and CAFs_4 were correlated with poor clinical prognosis of OS patients. Meanwhile, therapeutic drugs targeting CAFs_2 and CAFs_4, such as 17-AAG/Docetaxel/Bleomycin and PHA-793887/NG-25/KIN001-102, were also explored, respectively. Finally, IHC assay confirmed the abundant CAFs_2 and CAFs_4 subtypes infiltration in the OS microenvironment compared with adjacent tissues. CONCLUSION Our study revealed the diversity, complexity, and heterogeneity of CAFs in OS, and complemented the single-cell atlas in OS TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Kunming 650032, Yunnan, China; Chinese PLA Spinal Cord Injury Treatment Center, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Xinli Han
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300074, China
| | - Yuchen Han
- Senior Department of Orthopedics, the Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China; Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Jingyou Bi
- Senior Department of Orthopedics, the Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yanan Wu
- Senior Department of Orthopedics, the Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Dongquan Xiang
- Senior Department of Orthopedics, the Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yinglong Zhang
- Senior Department of Orthopedics, the Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Wenzhi Bi
- Senior Department of Orthopedics, the Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China; School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300074, China; Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Meng Xu
- Senior Department of Orthopedics, the Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China; Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Jianxiong Li
- Senior Department of Orthopedics, the Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China.
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Cao L, Ouyang H. Intercellular crosstalk between cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts via exosomes in gastrointestinal tumors. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1374742. [PMID: 38463229 PMCID: PMC10920350 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1374742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) tumors are a significant global health threat, with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Exosomes contain various biologically active molecules like nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids and can serve as messengers for intercellular communication. They play critical roles in the exchange of information between tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME). The TME consists of mesenchymal cells and components of the extracellular matrix (ECM), with fibroblasts being the most abundant cell type in the tumor mesenchyme. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are derived from normal fibroblasts and mesenchymal stem cells that are activated in the TME. CAFs can secrete exosomes to modulate cell proliferation, invasion, migration, drug resistance, and other biological processes in tumors. Additionally, tumor cells can manipulate the function and behavior of fibroblasts through direct cell-cell interactions. This review provides a summary of the intercellular crosstalk between GI tumor cells and CAFs through exosomes, along with potential underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longyang Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Peoples' Hospital of Hangzhou Linan District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Ouyang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Peoples' Hospital of Hangzhou Linan District, Hangzhou, China
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Anajafi S, Paryan M, Khoshnazar A, Soleimani M, Mohammadi-Yeganeh S. miRNAs Delivery for Cancer-associated Fibroblasts' Activation and Drug Resistance in Cancer Microenvironment. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2024; 24:333-347. [PMID: 37612874 DOI: 10.2174/1871530323666230823094556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) as a major component of cancer stroma contribute to diverse procedures of most solid tumors and might be a targeted cancer therapy approach. Their specified features, related signaling pathways, distinct biomarkers, and sub-populations need to be deciphered. There is a need for CAF extraction or induction for in vitro investigations. Some miRNAs could activate CAF-like phenotype and they also interfere in CAF-mediated drug resistance, aggressiveness, and metastatic behaviors of several cancer cell types. Due to the complex relevance of miRNA and CAFs, these non-coding oligonucleotides may serve as attractive scope for anti-cancer targeted therapies, but the lack of an efficient delivery system is still a major hurdle. Here, we have summarized the investigated information on CAF features, isolation, and induction procedures, and highlighted the miRNA-CAF communications, providing special insight into nano-delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Anajafi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Paryan
- Department of Research and Development, Production and Research Complex, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amineh Khoshnazar
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Mohammadi-Yeganeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Hussen BM, Abdullah ST, Abdullah SR, Younis YM, Hidayat HJ, Rasul MF, Mohamadtahr S. Exosomal non-coding RNAs: Blueprint in colorectal cancer metastasis and therapeutic targets. Noncoding RNA Res 2023; 8:615-632. [PMID: 37767111 PMCID: PMC10520679 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is ranked as the world's third-most prevalent cancer, and metastatic CRC considerably increases cancer-related fatalities globally. A number of complex mechanisms that are strictly controlled at the molecular level are involved in metastasis, which is the primary reason for death in people with CRC. Recently, it has become clear that exosomes, which are small extracellular vesicles released by non-tumorous and tumorigenic cells, play a critical role as communication mediators among tumor microenvironment (TME). To facilitate communication between the TME and cancer cells, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a crucial role and are recognized as potent regulators of gene expression and cellular processes, such as metastasis and drug resistance. NcRNAs are now recognized as potent regulators of gene expression and many hallmarks of cancer, including metastasis. Exosomal ncRNAs, like miRNAs, circRNAs, and lncRNAs, have been demonstrated to influence a number of cellular mechanisms that contribute to CRC metastasis. However, the molecular mechanisms that link exosomal ncRNAs with CRC metastasis are not well understood. This review highlights the essential roles that exosomal ncRNAs play in the progression of CRC metastatic disease and explores the therapeutic choices that are open to patients who have CRC metastases. However, exosomal ncRNA treatment strategy development is still in its early phases; consequently, additional investigation is required to improve delivery methods and find novel therapeutic targets as well as confirm the effectiveness and safety of these therapies in preclinical and clinical contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Science, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, 44001, Iraq
- Department of Clinical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Kurdistan Region, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Sara Tharwat Abdullah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Snur Rasool Abdullah
- Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Lebanese French University, Kurdistan Region, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Yousif Mohammed Younis
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Lebanese French University, Kurdistan Region, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Hazha Jamal Hidayat
- Department of Biology, College of Education, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Mohammed Fatih Rasul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Basic Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tishk International University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Sayran Mohamadtahr
- Department of Clinical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Kurdistan Region, Erbil, Iraq
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Dong H, Yang C, Chen X, Sun H, He X, Wang W. Breast cancer-derived exosomal lncRNA SNHG14 induces normal fibroblast activation to cancer-associated fibroblasts via the EBF1/FAM171A1 axis. Breast Cancer 2023; 30:1028-1040. [PMID: 37653187 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-023-01496-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exosomes released from cancer cells can activate normal fibroblasts (NFs) into cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which promotes cancer development. Our study aims to explore the role and potential mechanisms of breast cancer exosomes-delivered long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) SNHG14 in regulating CAFs transformation. METHODS Adjacent normal tissues, cancerous and serum specimens were gathered in breast cancer patients. Exosomes and NFs were separated from breast cancer cells (SKBR-3) and normal tissues of patients, respectively. Cell viability and migration were measured with CCK-8 and Transwell assays. CAFs markers, fibroblast activation protein (FAP) and a-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were detected for assessing CAFs activation. The interactions between molecules were evaluated using dual luciferase reporter assay, RNA immunoprecipitation and chromatin immunoprecipitation. RESULTS SNHG14 and FAM171A1 were upregulated in breast cancer. Exosomes secreted by SKBR-3 cells induced NFs activation in CAFs, as indicated by upregulating CAFs marker levels and facilitated cell viability and migration. Exosomal SNHG14 silencing in SKBR-3 cells inhibited CAFs activation. SNHG14 positively regulated FAM171A1 expression through EBF1. FAM171A1 overexpression eliminated the inhibition effect of exosomal SNHG14 silencing in CAFs transformation. CONCLUSION Breast cancer-derived exosomal SNHG14 contributed to NFs transformation into CAFs by the EBF1/FAM171A1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaying Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, No 19, Xiuhua Road, Xiuying District, Haikou, 570311, Hainan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Changcheng Yang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570102, Hainan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, No 19, Xiuhua Road, Xiuying District, Haikou, 570311, Hainan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hening Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, No 19, Xiuhua Road, Xiuying District, Haikou, 570311, Hainan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xionghui He
- Department of General Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, No 19, Xiuhua Road, Xiuying District, Haikou, 570311, Hainan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, No 19, Xiuhua Road, Xiuying District, Haikou, 570311, Hainan Province, People's Republic of China.
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Wu Q, He X, Liu J, Ou C, Li Y, Fu X. Integrative evaluation and experimental validation of the immune-modulating potential of dysregulated extracellular matrix genes in high-grade serous ovarian cancer prognosis. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:223. [PMID: 37777759 PMCID: PMC10543838 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03061-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is a challenging malignancy characterized by complex interactions between tumor cells and the surrounding microenvironment. Understanding the immune landscape of HGSOC, particularly the role of the extracellular matrix (ECM), is crucial for improving prognosis and guiding therapeutic interventions. METHODS AND RESULTS Using univariate Cox regression analysis, we identified 71 ECM genes associated with prognosis in seven HGSOC populations. The ECMscore signature, consisting of 14 genes, was validated using Cox proportional hazards regression with a lasso penalty. Cox regression analyses demonstrated that ECMscore is an excellent indicator for prognostic classification in prevalent malignancies, including HGSOC. Moreover, patients with higher ECMscores exhibited more active stromal and carcinogenic activation pathways, including apical surface signaling, Notch signaling, apical junctions, Wnt signaling, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, TGF-beta signaling, and angiogenesis. In contrast, patients with relatively low ECMscores showed more active immune-related pathways, such as interferon alpha response, interferon-gamma response, and inflammatory response. The relationship between the ECMscore and genomic anomalies was further examined. Additionally, the correlation between ECMscore and immune microenvironment components and signals in HGSOC was examined in greater detail. Moreover, the expression of MGP, COL8A2, and PAPPA and its correlation with FAP were validated using qRT-PCR on samples from HGSOC. The utility of ECMscore in predicting the prospective clinical success of immunotherapy and its potential in guiding the selection of chemotherapeutic agents were also explored. Similar results were obtained from pan-cancer research. CONCLUSION The comprehensive evaluation of the ECM may help identify immune activation and assist patients in HGSOC and even pan-cancer in receiving proper therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihui Wu
- Department of Gynecology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Xiaoyun He
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, 410008, China
- Departments of Ultrasound Imaging, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Chunlin Ou
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - Yimin Li
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No. 197, Ruijin Er Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Xiaodan Fu
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China.
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Xia B, Liu Y, Wang J, Lu Q, Lv X, Deng K, Yang J. Emerging role of exosome-shuttled noncoding RNAs in gastrointestinal cancers: From intercellular crosstalk to clinical utility. Pharmacol Res 2023; 195:106880. [PMID: 37543095 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancer remains a significant global health burden. The pursuit of advancing the comprehension of tumorigenesis, along with the identification of reliable biomarkers and the development of precise therapeutic strategies, represents imperative objectives in this field. Exosomes, small membranous vesicles released by most cells, commonly carry functional biomolecules, including noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), which are specifically sorted and encapsulated by exosomes. Exosome-mediated communication involves the release of exosomes from tumor or stromal cells and the uptake by nearby or remote recipient cells. The bioactive cargoes contained within these exosomes exert profound effects on the recipient cells, resulting in significant modifications in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and distinct alterations in gastrointestinal tumor behaviors. Due to the feasibility of isolating exosomes from various bodily fluids, exosomal ncRNAs have shown great potential as liquid biopsy-based indicators for different gastrointestinal cancers, using blood, ascites, saliva, or bile samples. Moreover, exosomes are increasingly recognized as natural delivery vehicles for ncRNA-based therapeutic interventions. In this review, we elucidate the processes of ncRNA-enriched exosome biogenesis and uptake, examine the regulatory and functional roles of exosomal ncRNA-mediated intercellular crosstalk in gastrointestinal TME and tumor behaviors, and explore their potential clinical utility in diagnostics, prognostics, and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bihan Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China; Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China
| | - Yuzhi Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China; Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China; Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China
| | - Qing Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China; Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China
| | - Xiuhe Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China; Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China
| | - Kai Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China; Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China.
| | - Jinlin Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China; Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China.
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Szymanowska A, Rodriguez-Aguayo C, Lopez-Berestein G, Amero P. Non-Coding RNAs: Foes or Friends for Targeting Tumor Microenvironment. Noncoding RNA 2023; 9:52. [PMID: 37736898 PMCID: PMC10514839 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna9050052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are a group of molecules critical for cell development and growth regulation. They are key regulators of important cellular pathways in the tumor microenvironment. To analyze ncRNAs in the tumor microenvironment, the use of RNA sequencing technology has revolutionized the field. The advancement of this technique has broadened our understanding of the molecular biology of cancer, presenting abundant possibilities for the exploration of novel biomarkers for cancer treatment. In this review, we will summarize recent achievements in understanding the complex role of ncRNA in the tumor microenvironment, we will report the latest studies on the tumor microenvironment using RNA sequencing, and we will discuss the potential use of ncRNAs as therapeutics for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Szymanowska
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA; (A.S.); (C.R.-A.); (G.L.-B.)
| | - Cristian Rodriguez-Aguayo
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA; (A.S.); (C.R.-A.); (G.L.-B.)
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Gabriel Lopez-Berestein
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA; (A.S.); (C.R.-A.); (G.L.-B.)
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Paola Amero
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA; (A.S.); (C.R.-A.); (G.L.-B.)
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11
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Miaomiao S, Xiaoqian W, Yuwei S, Chao C, Chenbo Y, Yinghao L, Yichen H, Jiao S, Kuisheng C. Cancer-associated fibroblast-derived exosome microRNA-21 promotes angiogenesis in multiple myeloma. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9671. [PMID: 37316504 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36092-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematological malignancy, and angiogenesis determines its progression. In the tumor microenvironment, normal fibroblasts (NFs) are transformed into cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which can promote angiogenesis. Microribonucleic acid-21 (miR-21) is highly expressed in various tumors. However, research on the relationship between tumor angiogenesis and miR-21 is rare. We analyzed the relationship between miR-21, CAFs, and angiogenesis in MM. NFs and CAFs were isolated from the bone marrow fluids of patients with dystrophic anemia and newly-diagnosed MM. Co-culturing of CAF exosomes with multiple myeloma endothelial cells (MMECs) showed that CAF exosomes were able to enter MMECs in a time-dependent manner and initiate angiogenesis by promoting proliferation, migration, and tubulogenesis. We found that miR-21 was abundant in CAF exosomes, entering MMECs and regulating angiogenesis in MM. By transfecting NFs with mimic NC, miR-21 mimic, inhibitor NC, and miR-21 inhibitor, we found that miR-21 significantly increased the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin and fibroblast activation protein in NFs. Our results showed that miR-21 can transform NFs into CAFs, and that CAF exosomes promote angiogenesis by carrying miR-21 into MMECs. Therefore, CAF-derived exosomal miR-21 may serve as a novel diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Miaomiao
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
- BGI College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology, Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Xiaoqian
- BGI College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology, Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shou Yuwei
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology, Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Chao
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology, Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Chenbo
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology, Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Yinghao
- BGI College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology, Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Yichen
- BGI College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology, Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Jiao
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Kuisheng
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China.
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology, Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Zong Y, Wang X, Cui B, Xiong X, Wu A, Lin C, Zhang Y. Decoding the regulatory roles of non-coding RNAs in cellular metabolism and disease. Mol Ther 2023; 31:1562-1576. [PMID: 37113055 PMCID: PMC10277898 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs, including long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), are being studied extensively in a variety of fields. Their roles in metabolism have received increasing attention in recent years but are not yet clear. The regulation of glucose, fatty acid, and amino acid metabolism is an imperative physiological process that occurs in living organisms and takes part in cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Here, we summarize the important roles played by non-coding RNAs in glucose metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism, as well as the mechanisms involved. We also summarize the therapeutic advances for non-coding RNAs in diseases such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, and some metabolic diseases. Overall, non-coding RNAs are indispensable factors in metabolism and have a significant role in the three major metabolisms, which may be exploited as therapeutic targets in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuru Zong
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xuliang Wang
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Bing Cui
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xiaowei Xiong
- Department of Cardiology and Macrovascular Disease, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Andrew Wu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chunru Lin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Yaohua Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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13
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Zhang Y, Liu J, Liu S, Yu L, Liu S, Li M, Jin F. Extracellular vesicles in oral squamous cell carcinoma: current progress and future prospect. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1149662. [PMID: 37304135 PMCID: PMC10250623 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1149662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most aggressive oral and maxillofacial malignancy with a high incidence and low survival rate. OSCC is mainly diagnosed by tissue biopsy, which is a highly traumatic procedure with poor timeliness. Although there are various options for treating OSCC, most of them are invasive and have unpredictable therapeutic outcomes. Generally, early diagnosis and noninvasive treatment cannot be always satisfied simultaneously in OSCC. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are involved in intercellular communication. EVs facilitate disease progression and reflect the location and status of the lesions. Therefore, EVs are relatively less invasive diagnostic tools for OSCC. Furthermore, the mechanisms by which EVs are involved in tumorigenesis and tumor treatment have been well studied. This article dissects the involvement of EVs in the diagnosis, development, and treatment of OSCC, providing new insight into the treatment of OSCC by EVs. Different mechanisms, such as inhibiting EV internalization by OSCC cells and constructing engineered vesicles, with potential applications for treating OSCC will be discussed in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqi Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jianing Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shiyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Lu Yu
- Department of Periodontology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Siying Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Meng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Fang Jin
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
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14
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Nicolini G, Balzan S, Forini F. Activated fibroblasts in cardiac and cancer fibrosis: An overview of analogies and new potential therapeutic options. Life Sci 2023; 321:121575. [PMID: 36933828 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Heart disease and cancer are two major causes of morbidity and mortality in the industrialized countries, and their increasingly recognized connections are shifting the focus from single disease studies to an interdisciplinary approach. Fibroblast-mediated intercellular crosstalk is critically involved in the evolution of both pathologies. In healthy myocardium and in non-cancerous conditions, resident fibroblasts are the main cell source for synthesis of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and important sentinels of tissue integrity. In the setting of myocardial disease or cancer, quiescent fibroblasts activate, respectively, into myofibroblasts (myoFbs) and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), characterized by increased production of contractile proteins, and by a highly proliferative and secretory phenotype. Although the initial activation of myoFbs/CAFs is an adaptive process to repair the damaged tissue, massive deposition of ECM proteins leads to maladaptive cardiac or cancer fibrosis, a recognized marker of adverse outcome. A better understanding of the key mechanisms orchestrating fibroblast hyperactivity may help developing innovative therapeutic options to restrain myocardial or tumor stiffness and improve patient prognosis. Albeit still unappreciated, the dynamic transition of myocardial and tumor fibroblasts into myoFbs and CAFs shares several common triggers and signaling pathways relevant to TGF-β dependent cascade, metabolic reprogramming, mechanotransduction, secretory properties, and epigenetic regulation, which might lay the foundation for future antifibrotic intervention. Therefore, the aim of this review is to highlight emerging analogies in the molecular signature underlying myoFbs and CAFs activation with the purpose of identifying novel prognostic/diagnostic biomarkers, and to elucidate the potential of drug repositioning strategies to mitigate cardiac/cancer fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvana Balzan
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Via G.Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Forini
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Via G.Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
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15
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Chen X, Ren X, E J, Zhou Y, Bian R. Exosome-transmitted circ IFNGR2 Modulates Ovarian Cancer Metastasis via miR-378/ST5 Axis. Mol Cell Biol 2023; 43:22-42. [PMID: 36720469 PMCID: PMC9937009 DOI: 10.1080/10985549.2022.2160605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs)-derived exosomes have emerged as a key driver of ovarian cancer (OVCA) tumor progression. The mechanisms behind the specific circular RNA (circRNA) activity encapsulated by CAF-generated exosomes (CAF-exo) requires to be elucidated. Herein, this study selected specific circRNA (hsa_circIFNGR2) molecules and aimed to clarify novel function of CAF-derived exosomal circIFNGR2 on growth, and metastasis of OVCA cells. In this study, we clarified that the exosomes of CAFs originating from human ovarian cancer hindered tumor cell proliferation, metastasis and EMT in vitro. Interestingly, CAFs directly transferred exosomes into OVCA cells to enrich intracellular circIFNGR2 levels. Biologically, activation of exosomal circIFNGR2 blocked cell proliferation, metastasis and EMT. Mechanistically, enhanced circIFNGR2 activated the miR-378/ST5 axis and directly inhibited the malignant evolution of tumor cells. Furthermore, rescue experiments evidenced that circIFNGR2 and ST5 were two essential participants in OVCA, concretely manifested in the co-culture of OVCA cells with exosomes that reversed the effects of intracellular circIFNGR2 and ST5 depletion. Finally, we observed that CAF-exo treatment hindered tumor growth and increased the size and number of metastatic nodules in mice. Our study revealed a previously unknown regulatory pathway whereby CAFs-derived exosomes delivered circIFNGR2 and inhibited the malignant progression of OVCA by circIFNGR2/miR-378/ST5 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Chen
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Yancheng First People's Hospital, Yancheng, China
| | - Xinping Ren
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Yancheng First People's Hospital, Yancheng, China
| | - Jiaoting E
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Yancheng First People's Hospital, Yancheng, China
| | - Yaqi Zhou
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Yancheng First People's Hospital, Yancheng, China
| | - Rongfang Bian
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Yancheng First People's Hospital, Yancheng, China
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16
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Fang Z, Meng Q, Xu J, Wang W, Zhang B, Liu J, Liang C, Hua J, Zhao Y, Yu X, Shi S. Signaling pathways in cancer-associated fibroblasts: recent advances and future perspectives. CANCER COMMUNICATIONS (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 43:3-41. [PMID: 36424360 PMCID: PMC9859735 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
As a critical component of the tumor microenvironment (TME), cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play important roles in cancer initiation and progression. Well-known signaling pathways, including the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), Hedgehog (Hh), Notch, Wnt, Hippo, nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathways, as well as transcription factors, including hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1), P53, Snail, and Twist, constitute complex regulatory networks in the TME to modulate the formation, activation, heterogeneity, metabolic characteristics and malignant phenotype of CAFs. Activated CAFs remodel the TME and influence the malignant biological processes of cancer cells by altering the transcriptional and secretory characteristics, and this modulation partially depends on the regulation of signaling cascades. The results of preclinical and clinical trials indicated that therapies targeting signaling pathways in CAFs demonstrated promising efficacy but were also accompanied by some failures (e.g., NCT01130142 and NCT01064622). Hence, a comprehensive understanding of the signaling cascades in CAFs might help us better understand the roles of CAFs and the TME in cancer progression and may facilitate the development of more efficient and safer stroma-targeted cancer therapies. Here, we review recent advances in studies of signaling pathways in CAFs and briefly discuss some future perspectives on CAF research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengli Fang
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032P. R. China,Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghai200032P. R. China,Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Qingcai Meng
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032P. R. China,Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghai200032P. R. China,Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032P. R. China,Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghai200032P. R. China,Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032P. R. China,Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghai200032P. R. China,Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032P. R. China,Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghai200032P. R. China,Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032P. R. China,Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghai200032P. R. China,Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Chen Liang
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032P. R. China,Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghai200032P. R. China,Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Jie Hua
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032P. R. China,Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghai200032P. R. China,Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Yingjun Zhao
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China,Institutes of Biomedical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032P. R. China,Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghai200032P. R. China,Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Si Shi
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032P. R. China,Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghai200032P. R. China,Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
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17
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Sun H, Wang X, Wang X, Xu M, Sheng W. The role of cancer-associated fibroblasts in tumorigenesis of gastric cancer. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:874. [PMID: 36244987 PMCID: PMC9573863 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05320-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in anticancer therapy, the prognosis of gastric cancer (GC) remains unsatisfactory. Research in recent years has shown that the malignant behavior of cancer is not only attributable to tumor cells but is partly mediated by the activity of the cancer stroma and controlled by various molecular networks in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are one of the most abundant mesenchymal cell components of the stroma and extensively participate in the malignant development of GC malignancy. CAFs modulate the biological properties of tumor cells in multiple ways, including the secretion of various bioactive molecules that have effects through paracrine and autocrine signaling, the release of exosomes, and direct interactions, thereby affecting GC initiation and development. However, there is marked heterogeneity in the cellular origins, phenotypes, and functions of CAFs in the TME of GC. Furthermore, variations in factors, such as proteins, microRNAs, and lncRNAs, affect interactions between CAFs and GC cells, although, the potential molecular mechanisms are still poorly understood. In this review, we aim to describe the current knowledge of the cellular features and heterogeneity of CAFs and discuss how these factors are regulated in CAFs, with a focus on how they affect GC biology. This review provides mechanistic insight that could inform therapeutic strategies and improve the prognosis of GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Sun
- grid.452404.30000 0004 1808 0942Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 200032 Shanghai, China ,grid.11841.3d0000 0004 0619 8943Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, China ,grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Wang
- grid.452404.30000 0004 1808 0942Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 200032 Shanghai, China ,grid.11841.3d0000 0004 0619 8943Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, China ,grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Wang
- grid.452404.30000 0004 1808 0942Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 200032 Shanghai, China ,grid.11841.3d0000 0004 0619 8943Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, China ,grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Midie Xu
- grid.452404.30000 0004 1808 0942Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 200032 Shanghai, China ,grid.11841.3d0000 0004 0619 8943Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqi Sheng
- grid.452404.30000 0004 1808 0942Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 200032 Shanghai, China ,grid.11841.3d0000 0004 0619 8943Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, China
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18
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Cheng CS, Yang PW, Sun Y, Song SL, Chen Z. Fibroblast activation protein-based theranostics in pancreatic cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:969731. [PMID: 36263225 PMCID: PMC9574192 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.969731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast activation protein-α (FAP) is a type II transmembrane serine protease that has specific endopeptidase activity. Given its well-established selective expression in the activated stromal fibroblasts of epithelial cancers, although not in quiescent fibroblasts, FAP has received substantial research attention as a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target. Pancreatic cancer is characterized by an abundant fibrotic or desmoplastic stroma, leading to rapid progression, therapeutic resistance, and poor clinical outcomes. Numerous studies have revealed that the abundant expression of FAP in cancer cells, circulating tumor cells, stromal cells, and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) of pancreatic adenocarcinoma is implicated in diverse cancer-related signaling pathways, contributing to cancer progression, invasion, migration, metastasis, immunosuppression, and resistance to treatment. In this article, we aim to systematically review the recent advances in research on FAP in pancreatic adenocarcinoma, including its utility as a diagnostic marker, therapeutic potential, and correlation with prognosis. We also describe the functional role of FAP-overexpressing stromal cells, particulary CAFs, in tumor immuno- and metabolic microenvironments, and summarize the mechanisms underlying the contribution of FAP-overexpressing CAFs in pancreatic cancer progression and treatment resistance. Furthermore, we discuss whether targeting FAP-overexpressing CAFs could represent a potential therapeutic strategy and describe the development of FAP-targeted probes for diagnostic imaging. Finally, we assess the emerging basic and clinical studies regarding the bench-to-bedside translation of FAP in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-shan Cheng
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei-wen Yang
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Sun
- Department of Research and Development, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Shao-li Song
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Zhen Chen,
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Parashar D, Singh A, Gupta S, Sharma A, Sharma MK, Roy KK, Chauhan SC, Kashyap VK. Emerging Roles and Potential Applications of Non-Coding RNAs in Cervical Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13071254. [PMID: 35886037 PMCID: PMC9317009 DOI: 10.3390/genes13071254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) is a preventable disease using proven interventions, specifically prophylactic vaccination, pervasive disease screening, and treatment, but it is still the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women worldwide. Patients with advanced or metastatic CC have a very dismal prognosis and current therapeutic options are very limited. Therefore, understanding the mechanism of metastasis and discovering new therapeutic targets are crucial. New sequencing tools have given a full visualization of the human transcriptome's composition. Non-coding RNAs (NcRNAs) perform various functions in transcriptional, translational, and post-translational processes through their interactions with proteins, RNA, and even DNA. It has been suggested that ncRNAs act as key regulators of a variety of biological processes, with their expression being tightly controlled under physiological settings. In recent years, and notably in the past decade, significant effort has been made to examine the role of ncRNAs in a variety of human diseases, including cancer. Therefore, shedding light on the functions of ncRNA will aid in our better understanding of CC. In this review, we summarize the emerging roles of ncRNAs in progression, metastasis, therapeutics, chemo-resistance, human papillomavirus (HPV) regulation, metabolic reprogramming, diagnosis, and as a prognostic biomarker of CC. We also discussed the role of ncRNA in the tumor microenvironment and tumor immunology, including cancer stem cells (CSCs) in CC. We also address contemporary technologies such as antisense oligonucleotides, CRISPR-Cas9, and exosomes, as well as their potential applications in targeting ncRNAs to manage CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Parashar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, MI 53226, USA
- Correspondence: (D.P.); (V.K.K.); Tel.: +1-414-439-8089 (D.P.); +1-956-296-1738 (V.K.K.)
| | - Anupam Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, GLA University, Mathura 281406, Uttar Pradesh, India; (A.S.); (S.G.)
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, GLA University, Mathura 281406, Uttar Pradesh, India; (A.S.); (S.G.)
| | - Aishwarya Sharma
- Sri Siddhartha Medical College and Research Center, Tumkur 572107, Karnataka, India;
| | - Manish K. Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, IP College, Bulandshahr 203001, Uttar Pradesh, India;
| | - Kuldeep K. Roy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences and Technology, UPES, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India;
| | - Subhash C. Chauhan
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA;
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Vivek K. Kashyap
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA;
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
- Correspondence: (D.P.); (V.K.K.); Tel.: +1-414-439-8089 (D.P.); +1-956-296-1738 (V.K.K.)
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20
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Li T, Li J, Wang H, Zhao J, Yan M, He H, Yu S. Exosomes: Potential Biomarkers and Functions in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:881794. [PMID: 35775082 PMCID: PMC9237451 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.881794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), originating from the mucosal epithelial cells of the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx, is a lethal malignancy of the head and neck. Patients with advanced and recurrent HNSCC have poor outcomes due to limited therapeutic options. Exosomes have active roles in the pathophysiology of tumors and are suggested as a potential therapeutic target of HNSCC. Exosomes in HNSCC have been intensively studied for disease activity, tumor staging, immunosuppression, and therapeutic monitoring. In this review, the biological mechanisms and the recent clinical application of exosomes are highlighted to reveal the potential of exosomes as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Haitao Wang
- Thoracic Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jiayu Zhao
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Mingze Yan
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Hongjiang He
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Hongjiang He, ; Shan Yu,
| | - Shan Yu
- Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Hongjiang He, ; Shan Yu,
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21
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Chen Z, Jiang W, Li Z, Zong Y, Deng G. Immune-and Metabolism-Associated Molecular Classification of Ovarian Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:877369. [PMID: 35646692 PMCID: PMC9133421 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.877369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OV) is a complex gynecological disease, and its molecular characteristics are not clear. In this study, the molecular characteristics of OV subtypes based on metabolic genes were explored through the comprehensive analysis of genomic data. A set of transcriptome data of 2752 known metabolic genes was used as a seed for performing non negative matrix factorization (NMF) clustering. Three subtypes of OV (C1, C2 and C3) were found in analysis. The proportion of various immune cells in C1 was higher than that in C2 and C3 subtypes. The expression level of immune checkpoint genes TNFRSF9 in C1 was higher than that of other subtypes. The activation scores of cell cycle, RTK-RAS, Wnt and angiogenesis pathway and ESTIMATE immune scores in C1 group were higher than those in C2 and C3 groups. In the validation set, grade was significantly correlated with OV subtype C1. Functional analysis showed that the extracellular matrix related items in C1 subtype were significantly different from other subtypes. Drug sensitivity analysis showed that C2 subtype was more sensitive to immunotherapy. Survival analysis of differential genes showed that the expression of PXDN and CXCL11 was significantly correlated with survival. The results of tissue microarray immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of PXDN was significantly correlated with tumor size and pathological grade. Based on the genomics of metabolic genes, a new OV typing method was developed, which improved our understanding of the molecular characteristics of human OV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyue Chen
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiyi Jiang
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhen Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun Zong
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gaopi Deng
- Department Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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22
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Li Y, Zhao W, Wang Y, Wang H, Liu S. Extracellular vesicle-mediated crosstalk between pancreatic cancer and stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:208. [PMID: 35501802 PMCID: PMC9063273 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01382-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) interacts closely with the tumor microenvironment (TME). The TME is remodeled by crosstalk between pancreatic cancer cells and stromal cells, and is critical for cancer progression. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles, help facilitate an exchange of information both within the TME and to distant organs. EVs have also been identified as potential diagnostic biomarkers, therapeutic targets, and drug carriers for pancreatic cancer treatment. Thus, understanding the selective packaging of EVs cargo and its mechanistic impact will increase our understanding of cancer biology. In this review, we collect and analyze recent findings of the pancreatic cancer-stromal cell interactions mediated by EVs and the mechanisms involved in cancer-related immunity and chemoresistance. These studies demonstrate the vital role of EVs in pancreatic cancer reprogramming and TME remodeling. We also summarize the EVs identified as potential PDAC diagnostic biomarkers and possible therapeutic targets. This greater understanding is a promising avenue for transitioning EVs from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenjing Zhao
- Central Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yanli Wang
- Department of Operating Room, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shanglong Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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23
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Ti W, Wang J, Cheng Y. The Interaction Between Long Non-Coding RNAs and Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in Lung Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:714125. [PMID: 35087824 PMCID: PMC8787156 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.714125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite great advances in research and treatment, lung cancer is still one of the most leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Evidence is mounting that dynamic communication network in the tumor microenvironment (TME) play an integral role in tumor initiation and development. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which promote tumor growth and metastasis, are the most important stroma component in the tumor microenvironment. Consequently, in-depth identification of relevant molecular mechanisms and biomarkers related to CAFs will increase understanding of tumor development process, which is of great significance for precise treatment of lung cancer. With the development of sequencing technologies such as microarray and next-generation sequencing, lncRNAs without protein-coding ability have been found to act as communicators between tumor cells and CAFs. LncRNAs participate in the activation of normal fibroblasts (NFs) to CAFs. Moreover, activated CAFs can influence the gene expression and secretion characteristics of cells through lncRNAs, enhancing the malignant biological process in tumor cells. In addition, lncRNA-loaded exosomes are considered to be another important form of crosstalk between tumor cells and CAFs. In this review, we focus on the interaction between tumor cells and CAFs mediated by lncRNAs in the lung cancer microenvironment, and discuss the analysis of biological function and molecular mechanism. Furthermore, it contributes to paving a novel direction for the clinical treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Ti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jianbo Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yufeng Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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24
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Roy S, Ganguly N, Banerjee S. Exploring clinical implications and role of non-coding RNAs in lung carcinogenesis. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:6871-6883. [PMID: 35076850 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07159-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the utmost familiar category of cancer with greatest fatality rate worldwide and several regulatory mechanisms exercise cellular control on critical oncogenic trails implicated in lung associated carcinogenesis. The non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are shown to play a variety of regulatory roles, including stimulating cell proliferation, inhibiting programmed cell death, enhancing cancer cell metastatic ability and acquiring resistance to drugs. Furthermore, ncRNAs exhibit tissue-specific expression as well as great stability in bodily fluids. As a consequence, they are strong contenders for cancer based theragnostics. microRNA (miRNA) alters gene expression primarily by either degrading or interfering with the translation of targeted mRNA and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can influence gene expression by targeting transcriptional activators or repressors, RNA polymers and even DNA-duplex. lncRNAs are typically found to be dysregulated in lung cancer and hence targeting ncRNAs could be a viable strategy for developing potential therapies as well as for overcoming chemoresistance in lung cancer. The purpose of this review is to elucidate the role of ncRNAs, revisiting the recent studies in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swagata Roy
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632 014, India
| | - Neeldeep Ganguly
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632 014, India
| | - Satarupa Banerjee
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632 014, India.
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25
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Bahramian S, Sahebi R, Roohinejad Z, Delshad E, Javid N, Amini A, Razavi AE, Shafiee M, Shamsabadi FT. Low expression of LncRNA-CAF attributed to the high expression of HIF1A in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and gastric cancer patients. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:895-905. [PMID: 35040008 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06882-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are major components of tumor microenvironment that stimulate ESCC and GC progression. The LncRNA-CAF, FLJ22447, is located in the vicinity of HIF1A, while their association remains unclear. This study aims to assess the FLJ22447 expression in the ESCC and GC patients and evaluate its association with the HIF1A gene. METHODS Fresh ESCC and GC tumor samples and their adjacent non-tumor tissues were collected from patients who underwent surgery in Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, Iran. The expression of FLJ22447, HIF1A, and VEGF was evaluated using qRT-PCR test. The association of their expression with tumor clinicopathological features in ESCC patients was assessed. System biology tools were then applied for the possible biological subsequences of the FLJ22447. RESULTS A significant reduction in FLJ22447 expression was observed in ESCC and GC tissues than adjacent non-tumor tissues, while, the expression of HIF1A and VEGF were increased. Low expression of FLJ22447 was significantly correlated with HIF1A (P = 2.4e-73, R = 0.63) and VEGF (P = 0.00019, R = 0.15) expression. A significant relationship was detected between the high expression of HIF1A and tumor stages (I-II) and it was related to the reduced survival of ESCC patients. Conversely, increased VEGF expression was linked to the advanced stages (III-IV) and metastasis in ESCC. The analysis of FLJ22447-interacted proteins showed that MYC, JUN, SMRCA4, PPARG, AR, FOS, and CEBPA are the hub genes. These proteins were implicated in the cancer related pathways. Among them, SPI1, E2F1, TCF7L2, and STAT1 were significantly expressed in esophageal and gastric cancers that were functionally involved in the proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis pathways in cancer. CONCLUSION The results suggested that FLJ22447 may have a regulatory function on the HIF1A expression. We identified the FLJ22447-interacted proteins and their molecular function in cancer pathogenesis. Further research emphasis is to realize the association of FLJ22447 with its protein partners in progression of cancer. These may provide an insight into the FLJ22447 activity that could introduce it as a potential value in tumor gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabbou Bahramian
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Reza Sahebi
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Roohinejad
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Encieh Delshad
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Naeme Javid
- Department of Microbiology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Amini
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Amirnader Emami Razavi
- Iran National Tumor Bank, Cancer Biology Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shafiee
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh T Shamsabadi
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran. .,Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
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26
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Liu Q. The emerging roles of exosomal long non-coding RNAs in bladder cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:966-976. [PMID: 34981655 PMCID: PMC8831985 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), especially exosomes, have been reported to play essential roles as extracellular messengers by transporting goods in various diseases, while their potential roles in bladder cancer (BC) still remain to be further studied. BC exhibits a high degree of chemoresistance and metastatic ability, which may be affected by cancer‐derived exosomes that carry proteins, lipids and RNA. To date, the most studied exosomal molecular cargo is long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA). Although there is increasing interest in its role and function, there is relatively little knowledge about it compared with other RNA transcripts. Nevertheless, in the past ten years, we have witnessed increasing interest in the role and function of lncRNA. For example, lncRNAs have been studied as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of BC. They may play a role as a therapeutic target in precision medicine, but they may also be directly involved in the characteristics of tumour progression, such as metastasis, epithelial‐mesenchymal transition and drug resistance. Cancer cells are on chemotherapy acting. The function of lncRNA in various cancer exosomes has not yet been determined. In this review, we summarize the current studies about the prominent roles of exosomal lncRNAs in genome integrity, BC progression and carcinogenic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- Department of Urology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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27
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Zhao Z, Zhao G, Yang S, Zhu S, Zhang S, Li P. The significance of exosomal RNAs in the development, diagnosis, and treatment of pancreatic cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:364. [PMID: 34243775 PMCID: PMC8268510 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02059-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are single-membrane, secreted organelles with a diameter of 30–200 nm, containing diverse bioactive constituents, including DNAs, RNAs, proteins, and lipids, with prominent molecular heterogeneity. Extensive studies indicate that exosomal RNAs (e.g., microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs) can interact with many types of cancers, associated with several hallmark features like tumor growth, metastasis, and resistance to therapy. Pancreatic cancer (PaCa) is among the most lethal cancers worldwide, emerging as the seventh foremost cause of cancer-related death in both sexes. Hence, revealing the specific pathogenesis and improving the clinical diagnosis and treatment process are urgently required. As the study of exosomes has become an active area of research, the functional connections between exosomes and PaCa have been deeply investigated. Among these, exosomal RNAs seem to play a significant role in the development, diagnosis, and treatment of PaCa. Exosomal RNAs delivery ultimately modulates the various features of PaCa, and many scholars have interpreted how exosomal RNAs contribute to the proliferation, angiogenesis, migration, invasion, metastasis, immune escape, and drug resistance in PaCa. Besides, recent studies emphasize that exosomal RNAs may serve as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets for PaCa. In this review, we will introduce these recent insights focusing on the discoveries of the relationship between exosomal RNAs and PaCa, and the potentially diagnostic and therapeutic applications of exosomes in PaCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong'an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Guiping Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong'an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Shuyue Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong'an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Shengtao Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong'an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Shutian Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong'an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong'an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China.
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28
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Natua S, Dhamdhere SG, Mutnuru SA, Shukla S. Interplay within tumor microenvironment orchestrates neoplastic RNA metabolism and transcriptome diversity. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2021; 13:e1676. [PMID: 34109748 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The heterogeneous population of cancer cells within a tumor mass interacts intricately with the multifaceted aspects of the surrounding microenvironment. The reciprocal crosstalk between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME) shapes the cancer pathophysiome in a way that renders it uniquely suited for immune tolerance, angiogenesis, metastasis, and therapy resistance. This dynamic interaction involves a dramatic reconstruction of the transcriptomic landscape of tumors by altering the synthesis, modifications, stability, and processing of gene readouts. In this review, we categorically evaluate the influence of TME components, encompassing a myriad of resident and infiltrating cells, signaling molecules, extracellular vesicles, extracellular matrix, and blood vessels, in orchestrating the cancer-specific metabolism and diversity of both mRNA and noncoding RNA, including micro RNA, long noncoding RNA, circular RNA among others. We also highlight the transcriptomic adaptations in response to the physicochemical idiosyncrasies of TME, which include tumor hypoxia, extracellular acidosis, and osmotic stress. Finally, we provide a nuanced analysis of existing and prospective therapeutics targeting TME to ameliorate cancer-associated RNA metabolism, consequently thwarting the cancer progression. This article is categorized under: RNA Processing > Splicing Regulation/Alternative Splicing RNA Turnover and Surveillance > Regulation of RNA Stability RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhashis Natua
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India
| | - Shruti Ganesh Dhamdhere
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India
| | - Srinivas Abhishek Mutnuru
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India
| | - Sanjeev Shukla
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India
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