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Han B, Zhen F, Sun Y, Sun B, Wang HY, Liu W, Huang J, Liang X, Wang YR, Chen XS, Li SJ, Hu J. Tumor suppressor KEAP1 promotes HSPA9 degradation, controlling mitochondrial biogenesis in breast cancer. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114507. [PMID: 39003742 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The oxidative-stress-related protein Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) is a substrate articulator of E3 ubiquitin ligase, which plays an important role in the ubiquitination modification of proteins. However, the function of KEAP1 in breast cancer and its impact on the survival of patients with breast cancer remain unclear. Our study demonstrates that KEAP1, a positive prognostic factor, plays a crucial role in regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle transition in breast cancer. We investigate the underlying mechanism using human tumor tissues, high-throughput detection technology, and a mouse xenograft tumor model. KEAP1 serves as a key regulator of cellular metabolism, the reprogramming of which is one of the hallmarks of tumorigenesis. KEAP1 has a significant effect on mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative phosphorylation by regulating HSPA9 ubiquitination and degradation. These results suggest that KEAP1 could serve as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Han
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 150 Haping Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150040, China
| | - Fang Zhen
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 150 Haping Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150040, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 150 Haping Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150040, China
| | - Bin Sun
- Research Center for Pharmacoinformatics (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, China
| | - Hong-Yi Wang
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 150 Haping Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150040, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 150 Haping Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150040, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 150 Haping Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150040, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, China
| | - Ya-Ru Wang
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 150 Haping Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150040, China
| | - Xue-Song Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, China.
| | - Shui-Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, China.
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 150 Haping Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, China.
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Butler C, Dunmire M, Choi J, Szalai G, Johnson A, Lei W, Chen X, Liu L, Li W, Walter MJ, Liu T. HSPA9/mortalin inhibition disrupts erythroid maturation through a TP53-dependent mechanism in human CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells. Cell Stress Chaperones 2024; 29:300-311. [PMID: 38508444 PMCID: PMC10998001 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstres.2024.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a heterogeneous group of clonal hematopoietic stem cell malignancies characterized by abnormal hematopoietic cell maturation, increased apoptosis of bone marrow cells, and anemia. They are the most common myeloid blood cancers in American adults. The full complement of gene mutations that contribute to the phenotypes or clinical symptoms in MDS is not fully understood. Around 10%-25% of MDS patients harbor an interstitial heterozygous deletion on the long arm of chromosome 5 [del(5q)], creating haploinsufficiency for a large set of genes, including HSPA9. The HSPA9 gene encodes for the protein mortalin, a highly conserved heat shock protein predominantly localized in mitochondria. Our prior study showed that knockdown of HSPA9 induces TP53-dependent apoptosis in human CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells. In this study, we explored the role of HSPA9 in regulating erythroid maturation using human CD34+ cells. We inhibited the expression of HSPA9 using gene knockdown and pharmacological inhibition and found that inhibition of HSPA9 disrupted erythroid maturation as well as increased expression of p53 in CD34+ cells. To test whether the molecular mechanism of HSPA9 regulating erythroid maturation is TP53-dependent, we knocked down HSPA9 and TP53 individually or in combination in human CD34+ cells. We found that the knockdown of TP53 partially rescued the erythroid maturation defect induced by HSPA9 knockdown, suggesting that the defect in cells with reduced HSPA9 expression is TP53-dependent. Collectively, these findings indicate that reduced levels of HSPA9 may contribute to the anemia observed in del(5q)-associated MDS patients due to the activation of TP53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Butler
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lewisburg, WV, USA
| | - Morgan Dunmire
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lewisburg, WV, USA
| | - Jaebok Choi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gabor Szalai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine, Las Cruces, NM, USA
| | - Anissa Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine, Las Cruces, NM, USA
| | - Wei Lei
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Graduate Life Sciences, Manchester University College of Pharmacy, Natural and Health Sciences, Fort Wayne, IN, USA
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Campbell University, Buies Creek, NC, USA
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Matthew J Walter
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tuoen Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lewisburg, WV, USA.
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Shankaranarayana AH, Meduri B, Pujar GV, Hariharapura RC, Sethu AK, Singh M, Bidye D. Restoration of p53 functions by suppression of mortalin-p53 sequestration: an emerging target in cancer therapy. Future Med Chem 2023; 15:2087-2112. [PMID: 37877348 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional inactivation of wild-type p53 is a major trait of cancerous cells. In many cases, such inactivation occurs by either TP53 gene mutations or due to overexpression of p53 binding partners. This review focuses on an overexpressed p53 binding partner called mortalin, a mitochondrial heat shock protein that sequesters both wild-type and mutant p53 in malignant cells due to changes in subcellular localization. Clinical evidence suggests a drastic depletion of the overall survival time of cancer patients with high mortalin expression. Therefore, mortalin-p53 sequestration inhibitors could be game changers in improving overall survival rates. This review explores the consequences of mortalin overexpression and challenges, status and strategies for accelerating drug discovery to suppress mortalin-p53 sequestration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshatha Handattu Shankaranarayana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagara, Mysuru, 570015, India
| | - Bhagyalalitha Meduri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagara, Mysuru, 570015, India
| | - Gurubasavaraj Veeranna Pujar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagara, Mysuru, 570015, India
| | - Raghu Chandrashekar Hariharapura
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Arun Kumar Sethu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagara, Mysuru, 570015, India
| | - Manisha Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagara, Mysuru, 570015, India
| | - Durgesh Bidye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagara, Mysuru, 570015, India
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Zhao K, Zhou G, Liu Y, Zhang J, Chen Y, Liu L, Zhang G. HSP70 Family in Cancer: Signaling Mechanisms and Therapeutic Advances. Biomolecules 2023; 13:601. [PMID: 37189349 PMCID: PMC10136146 DOI: 10.3390/biom13040601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The 70 kDa heat shock proteins (HSP70s) are a group of highly conserved and inducible heat shock proteins. One of the main functions of HSP70s is to act as molecular chaperones that are involved in a large variety of cellular protein folding and remodeling processes. HSP70s are found to be over-expressed and may serve as prognostic markers in many types of cancers. HSP70s are also involved in most of the molecular processes of cancer hallmarks as well as the growth and survival of cancer cells. In fact, many effects of HSP70s on cancer cells are not only related to their chaperone activities but rather to their roles in regulating cancer cell signaling. Therefore, a number of drugs directly or indirectly targeting HSP70s, and their co-chaperones have been developed aiming to treat cancer. In this review, we summarized HSP70-related cancer signaling pathways and corresponding key proteins regulated by the family of HSP70s. In addition, we also summarized various treatment approaches and progress of anti-tumor therapy based on targeting HSP70 family proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejia Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Institute of Thoracic Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Western China Collaborative Innovation Center for Early Diagnosis and Multidisciplinary Therapy of Lung Cancer, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Guanyu Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Institute of Thoracic Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Western China Collaborative Innovation Center for Early Diagnosis and Multidisciplinary Therapy of Lung Cancer, Chengdu 610041, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Institute of Thoracic Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Western China Collaborative Innovation Center for Early Diagnosis and Multidisciplinary Therapy of Lung Cancer, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yaohui Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Institute of Thoracic Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Western China Collaborative Innovation Center for Early Diagnosis and Multidisciplinary Therapy of Lung Cancer, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lunxu Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Institute of Thoracic Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Western China Collaborative Innovation Center for Early Diagnosis and Multidisciplinary Therapy of Lung Cancer, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Gao Zhang
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, Hong Kong 999077, China
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Xie B, Lin X, Wu K, Chen J, Qiu S, Luo J, Huang Y, Peng L. Adipose tissue levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in relation to prognostic biomarkers and progression-free survival time of breast cancer patients in eastern area of southern China: A hospital-based study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114779. [PMID: 36370816 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Evidence indicates that individual or groups of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are associated with risk of breast cancer (BC). Epidemiological studies of PBDEs and BC progression are scarce. This study aimed to investigate the relationships between PBDE burdens in adipose tissues and prognostic biomarkers of BC as well as progression-free survival (PFS) of patients for the first time. The concentrations of 14 PBDE congeners in breast adipose tissues of 183 cases from the eastern area of southern China were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by logistic regression models for the associations between PBDE levels and prognostic biomarkers. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses were conducted to identify the correlations between PBDEs and PFS. The results showed that BDE-99 and 190 levels were positively associated with clinical stage and N stage respectively (OR = 2.61 [1.26-5.40], OR = 2.78 [1.04-7.46]). Concentrations of BDE-28 and BDE-183 were negatively associated with the expression of estrogen receptor (ER) (OR = 0.30 [0.11-0.81]; 0.39 [0.15-0.99]) and progesterone receptor (PR) (OR = 0.36 [0.14-0.92]; 0.37 [0.15-0.91]), and increased BDE-47 was associated with lower human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression (OR = 0.44 [0.23-0.86]). Adipose levels of BDE-71, 99, 138, 153, 154 and total PBDEs were positively associated with p53 expression (all P < 0.05). Finally, BDE-47, 99 and 183 were considered as independent prognostic factors for shorter PFS in the Cox models (adjusted hazard ratios = 3.14 [1.26-7.82]; 2.25 [1.03-4.94]; 2.60 [1.08-6.25], respectively). The recurrence risk and prognosis of BC may be closely bound to the body burdens of certain PBDE congeners. Further epidemiological and experimental studies are needed for confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingmeng Xie
- Central Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 7 Raoping Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China; School of Public Health, Shantou University, Shantou, 515041, China.
| | - Xueqiong Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 7 Raoping Road, 515041, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kusheng Wu
- School of Public Health, Shantou University, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Jiongyu Chen
- Central Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 7 Raoping Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China
| | - Shuyi Qiu
- Central Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 7 Raoping Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China; School of Public Health, Shantou University, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Jianan Luo
- Central Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 7 Raoping Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China
| | - Yiteng Huang
- Health Care Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, PR China.
| | - Lin Peng
- Central Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 7 Raoping Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China.
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6
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Du S, Liu Y, Yuan Y, Wang Y, Chen Y, Wang S, Chi Y. Advances in the study of HSP70 inhibitors to enhance the sensitivity of tumor cells to radiotherapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:942828. [PMID: 36036010 PMCID: PMC9399644 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.942828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The 70 kDa heat shock protein (HSP70) is one of the most conserved proteins and a ubiquitous molecular chaperone that plays a role in the folding, remodeling, and degradation of various proteins to maintain proteostasis. It has been shown that HSP70 is abundantly expressed in cancer and enhances tumor resistance to radiotherapy by inhibiting multiple apoptotic pathways, such as interfering with the cellular senescence program, promoting angiogenesis, and supporting metastasis. Thus, HSP70 provides an effective target for enhancing the effects of radiation therapy in the clinical management of cancer patients. Inhibition of HSP70 enhances the radiation-induced tumor-killing effect and thus improves the efficacy of radiotherapy. This article reviews the sensitivity of Hsp70 and its related inhibitors to radiotherapy of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihan Du
- School of Medical Imaging, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Medical Imaging, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yuran Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yanfang Chen
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- *Correspondence: Shuai Wang, ; Yuhua Chi,
| | - Yuhua Chi
- Department of General Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- *Correspondence: Shuai Wang, ; Yuhua Chi,
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Inigo JR, Chandra D. The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPR mt): shielding against toxicity to mitochondria in cancer. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:98. [PMID: 35864539 PMCID: PMC9306209 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01317-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential for tumor growth and progression. However, the heavy demand for mitochondrial activity in cancer leads to increased production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS), accumulation of mutations in mitochondrial DNA, and development of mitochondrial dysfunction. If left unchecked, excessive mtROS can damage and unfold proteins in the mitochondria to an extent that becomes lethal to the tumor. Cellular systems have evolved to combat mtROS and alleviate mitochondrial stress through a quality control mechanism called the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt). The UPRmt system is composed of chaperones and proteases, which promote protein folding or eliminate mitochondrial proteins damaged by mtROS, respectively. UPRmt is conserved and activated in cancer in response to mitochondrial stress to maintain mitochondrial integrity and support tumor growth. In this review, we discuss how mitochondria become dysfunctional in cancer and highlight the tumor-promoting functions of key components of the UPRmt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Inigo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Dhyan Chandra
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA.
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Peinado-Ruiz IC, Burgos-Molina AM, Sendra-Portero F, Ruiz-Gómez MJ. Relationship between heat shock proteins and cellular resistance to drugs and ageing. Exp Gerontol 2022; 167:111896. [PMID: 35870754 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Ageing is a multifactorial degenerative process which causes a decrease in the cellular capacity for repair and adaptation to external stressors. In this way, it is important to maintain the proper balance of the proteome. Heat shock proteins (HSP) will intervene in this balance, which are responsible for the correct assembly, folding and translocation of other proteins when cells are subjected to stressors. This type of protein is overexpressed in human tumor cells, while its deficit, both in function and quantity, contributes to ageing processes. The present work aims to analyze the response of cells from studies carried out in normal and tumor cells that are subjected to stressors. METHODS AND RESULTS A PubMed search was performed using the keywords "cell ageing, cell longevity, resistance, HSP, heat shock proteins, thermal shock proteins". This search generated 212 articles. Subsequently, a series of inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to select the articles of interest to be evaluated. Normal cells subjected to external stressors at low doses increase the number of HSP, causing them to become more resistant. In addition, tumor cells expressing high levels of HSP show greater resistance to treatment and increased cell replication. HSP intervene in the cellular resistance of both normal and tumor cells. CONCLUSIONS In the case of normal cells, the increase in HSP levels makes them respond effectively to an external stressor, increasing their resistance and not causing cell death. In the case of tumor cells, there is an increase in resistance to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel C Peinado-Ruiz
- Departamento de Radiología y Medicina Física, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Antonio M Burgos-Molina
- Departamento de Especialidades Quirúrgicas, Bioquímica e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisco Sendra-Portero
- Departamento de Radiología y Medicina Física, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Miguel J Ruiz-Gómez
- Departamento de Radiología y Medicina Física, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.
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Jayathirtha M, Neagu AN, Whitham D, Alwine S, Darie CC. Investigation of the effects of overexpression of jumping translocation breakpoint (JTB) protein in MCF7 cells for potential use as a biomarker in breast cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:1784-1823. [PMID: 35530281 PMCID: PMC9077082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Jumping translocation breakpoint (JTB) gene acts as a tumor suppressor or an oncogene in different malignancies, including breast cancer (BC), where it was reported as overexpressed. However, the molecular functions, biological processes and underlying mechanisms through which JTB protein causes increased cell growth, proliferation and invasion is still not fully deciphered. Our goal is to identify the functions of JTB protein by cellular proteomics approaches. MCF7 breast cancer cells were transfected with sense orientation of hJTB cDNA in HA, His and FLAG tagged CMV expression vector to overexpress hJTB and the expression levels were confirmed by Western blotting (WB). Proteins extracted from transfected cells were separated by SDS-PAGE and the in-gel digested peptides were analyzed by nano-liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (nanoLC-MS/MS). By comparing the proteome of cells with upregulated conditions of JTB vs control and identifying the protein dysregulation patterns, we aim to understand the function of this protein and its contribution to tumorigenesis. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) algorithm was performed to investigate the biological processes and pathways that are associated with the JTB protein upregulation. The results demonstrated four significantly enriched gene sets from the following significantly upregulated pathways: mitotic spindle assembly, estrogen response late, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and estrogen response early. JTB protein itself is involved in mitotic spindle pathway by its role in cell division/cytokinesis, and within estrogen response early and late pathways, contributing to discrimination between luminal and mesenchymal breast cancer. Thus, the overexpressed JTB condition was significantly associated with an increased expression of ACTNs, FLNA, FLNB, EZR, MYOF, COL3A1, COL11A1, HSPA1A, HSP90A, WDR, EPPK1, FASN and FOXA1 proteins related to deregulation of cytoskeletal organization and biogenesis, mitotic spindle organization, ECM remodeling, cellular response to estrogen, proliferation, migration, metastasis, increased lipid biogenesis, endocrine therapy resistance, antiapoptosis and discrimination between different breast cancer subtypes. Other upregulated proteins for overexpressed JTB condition are involved in multiple cellular functions and pathways that become dysregulated, such as tumor microenvironment (TME) acidification, the transmembrane transport pathways, glycolytic flux, iron metabolism and oxidative stress, metabolic reprogramming, nucleocytosolic mRNA transport, transcriptional activation, chromatin remodeling, modulation of cell death pathways, stress responsive pathways, and cancer drug resistance. The downregulated proteins for overexpressed JTB condition are involved in adaptive communication between external and internal environment of cells and maintenance between pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic signaling pathways, vesicle trafficking and secretion, DNA lesions repair and suppression of genes involved in tumor progression, proteostasis, redox state regulation, biosynthesis of macromolecules, lipolytic pathway, carbohydrate metabolism, dysregulation of ubiquitin-mediated degradation system, cancer cell immune escape, cell-to-cell and cell-to-ECM interactions, and cytoskeletal behaviour. There were no significantly enriched downregulated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuri Jayathirtha
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Group, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson UniversityPotsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA
| | - Anca-Narcisa Neagu
- Laboratory of Animal Histology, Faculty of Biology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of IasiCarol I Bvd. No. 22, Iasi 700505, Romania
| | - Danielle Whitham
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Group, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson UniversityPotsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA
| | - Shelby Alwine
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Group, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson UniversityPotsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA
| | - Costel C Darie
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Group, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson UniversityPotsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA
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10
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Elwakeel A. Abrogating the Interaction Between p53 and Mortalin (Grp75/HSPA9/mtHsp70) for Cancer Therapy: The Story so far. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:879632. [PMID: 35493098 PMCID: PMC9047732 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.879632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
p53 is a transcription factor that activates the expression of a set of genes that serve as a critical barrier to oncogenesis. Inactivation of p53 is the most common characteristic in sporadic human cancers. Mortalin is a differentially sub-cellularly localized member of the heat shock protein 70 family of chaperones that has essential mitochondrial and extra-mitochondrial functions. Elevated mortalin levels in multiple cancerous tissues and tumor-derived cell lines emphasized its key role in oncogenesis. One of mortalin’s major oncogenic roles is the inactivation of p53. Mortalin binds to p53 sequestering it in the cytoplasm. Hence, p53 cannot freely shuttle to the nucleus to perform its tumor suppressor functions as a transcription factor. This protein-protein interaction was reported to be cancer-specific, hence, a selective druggable target for a rationalistic cancer therapeutic strategy. In this review article, the chronological identification of mortalin-p53 interactions is summarized, the challenges and general strategies for targeting protein-protein interactions are briefly discussed, and information about compounds that have been reported to abrogate mortalin-p53 interaction is provided. Finally, the reasons why the disruption of this druggable interaction has not yet been applied clinically are discussed.
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Wang G, Fan Y, Cao P, Tan K. Insight into the mitochondrial unfolded protein response and cancer: opportunities and challenges. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:18. [PMID: 35180892 PMCID: PMC8857832 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00747-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) is an evolutionarily conserved protective transcriptional response that maintains mitochondrial proteostasis by inducing the expression of mitochondrial chaperones and proteases in response to various stresses. The UPRmt-mediated transcriptional program requires the participation of various upstream signaling pathways and molecules. The factors regulating the UPRmt in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) and mammals are both similar and different. Cancer cells, as malignant cells with uncontrolled proliferation, are exposed to various challenges from endogenous and exogenous stresses. Therefore, in cancer cells, the UPRmt is hijacked and exploited for the repair of mitochondria and the promotion of tumor growth, invasion and metastasis. In this review, we systematically introduce the inducers of UPRmt, the biological processes in which UPRmt participates, the mechanisms regulating the UPRmt in C. elegans and mammals, cross-tissue signal transduction of the UPRmt and the roles of the UPRmt in promoting cancer initiation and progression. Disrupting proteostasis in cancer cells by targeting UPRmt constitutes a novel anticancer therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Hebei, 050024, China.,Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yumei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Hebei, 050024, China
| | - Pengxiu Cao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Hebei, 050024, China
| | - Ke Tan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Hebei, 050024, China.
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12
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Teng M, Hu C, Yang B, Xiao W, Zhou Q, Li Y, Li Z. Salvianolic acid B targets mortalin and inhibits the migration and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma via the RECK/STAT3 pathway. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:654. [PMID: 34876128 PMCID: PMC8650508 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02367-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor migration and invasion is a complex and diverse process that involves the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) of tumor cells and degradation of the extracellular matrix by matrix metalloproteases (MMPs). Mortalin is an important oncogene. It has been reported to play an important role in tumor migration and invasion through various signaling pathways, but the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. Methods Here, we investigated the role of mortalin in the migration of the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines HepG2 and HCCLM3. Results The overexpression of mortalin in HepG2 cells decreased the protein level of reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with Kazal motifs (RECK) and activated the phosphorylation and acetylation of STAT3, thereby up-regulating matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) and promoting cell migration and invasion. In contrast, in HCCLM3 cells, mortalin knockdown increased the expression of RECK, inhibited the STAT3 pathway and the activity of MMP9, and inhibited cell migration and invasion. Furthermore, we found that salvianolic acid B, a caffeic acid phenethyl ester analog, specifically bound to mortalin and increased the degradation of mortalin proteasomes through ubiquitination, thereby up-regulating RECK, inhibiting STAT3, and finally inhibiting the migration and invasion of HCC cells. Conclusion Our work suggested that mortalin is a potential therapeutic target for hepatocellular carcinoma. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-021-02367-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Teng
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Chunyan Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Bingmo Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yuan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Zhong Li
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
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13
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Kabakov AE, Gabai VL. HSP70s in Breast Cancer: Promoters of Tumorigenesis and Potential Targets/Tools for Therapy. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123446. [PMID: 34943954 PMCID: PMC8700403 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The high frequency of breast cancer worldwide and the high mortality among women with this malignancy are a serious challenge for modern medicine. A deeper understanding of the mechanisms of carcinogenesis and emergence of metastatic, therapy-resistant breast cancers would help development of novel approaches to better treatment of this disease. The review is dedicated to the role of members of the heat shock protein 70 subfamily (HSP70s or HSPA), mainly inducible HSP70, glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78 or HSPA5) and GRP75 (HSPA9 or mortalin), in the development and pathogenesis of breast cancer. Various HSP70-mediated cellular mechanisms and pathways which contribute to the oncogenic transformation of mammary gland epithelium are reviewed, as well as their role in the development of human breast carcinomas with invasive, metastatic traits along with the resistance to host immunity and conventional therapeutics. Additionally, intracellular and cell surface HSP70s are considered as potential targets for therapy or sensitization of breast cancer. We also discuss a clinical implication of Hsp70s and approaches to targeting breast cancer with gene vectors or nanoparticles downregulating HSP70s, natural or synthetic (small molecule) inhibitors of HSP70s, HSP70-binding antibodies, HSP70-derived peptides, and HSP70-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander E. Kabakov
- Department of Radiation Biochemistry, A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center—Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Koroleva 4, 249036 Obninsk, Russia;
| | - Vladimir L. Gabai
- CureLab Oncology Inc., Dedham, MA 02026, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-617-319-7314
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14
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Rai R, Kennedy AL, Isingizwe ZR, Javadian P, Benbrook DM. Similarities and Differences of Hsp70, hsc70, Grp78 and Mortalin as Cancer Biomarkers and Drug Targets. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112996. [PMID: 34831218 PMCID: PMC8616428 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Upregulation of Heath Shock Protein 70 (HSP70) chaperones supports cancer cell survival. Their high homology causes a challenge to differentiate them in experimental or prevention and treatment strategies. The objective of this investigation was to determine similarities and differences of Hsp70, hsc70, Grp78 and Mortalin members of the HSP70 family encoded by HSPA1, HSPA8, HSPA5 and HSPA9 genes, respectively. Methods: Literature reviews were conducted using HSPA1, HSPA5, HSPA8 and HSPA9 gene or protein names or synonyms combined with biological or cancer-relevant terms. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis was used to identify and compare profiles of proteins that directly bind individual chaperones and their associated pathways. TCGA data was probed to identify associations of hsc70 with cancer patient survival. ClinicalTrials.gov was used to identify HSP70 family studies. Results: The chaperones have similar protein folding functions. Their different cellular effects are determined by co-chaperones and client proteins combined with their intra- and extra-cellular localizations. Their upregulation is associated with worse patient prognosis in multiple cancers and can stimulate tumor immune responses or drug resistance. Their inhibition selectively kills cancer over healthy cells. Conclusions: Differences in Hsp70, hsc70, Grp78 and mortalin provide opportunities to calibrate HSP70 inhibitors for individual cancers and combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajani Rai
- Gynecologic Oncology Section, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (R.R.); (P.J.)
| | - Amy L. Kennedy
- Pathology Department, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
| | - Zitha Redempta Isingizwe
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
| | - Pouya Javadian
- Gynecologic Oncology Section, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (R.R.); (P.J.)
| | - Doris Mangiaracina Benbrook
- Gynecologic Oncology Section, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (R.R.); (P.J.)
- Pathology Department, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-405-271-5523
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15
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Yan LR, Shen SX, Wang A, Ding HX, Liu YN, Yuan Y, Xu Q. Comprehensive Pan-Cancer Analysis of Heat Shock Protein 110, 90, 70, and 60 Families. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:726244. [PMID: 34712697 PMCID: PMC8546173 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.726244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Here we carried out a panoramic analysis of the expression and prognosis of HSP110, HSP90, HSP70, and HSP60 families in 33 types of cancer, with the aim of deepening the systematic understanding of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in cancer. Materials and Methods: Next-generation sequencing data of multiple tumors were downloaded from TCGA, CCLE and Oncomine databases. RStudio 3.6.1 was used to analyze HSP110, HSP90, HSP70 and HSP60 families based on their expression in 33 types of cancer. The validations in vivo (stomach adenocarcinoma and colon adenocarcinoma tissues) were performed by qRT-PCR. Results: HSPs were differentially expressed in different cancers. The results revealed mainly positive correlations among the expressions of HSPs in different cancers. Expressions of HSP family members were generally associated with poor prognosis in respiratory, digestive, urinary and reproductive system tumors and associated with good prognosis in cholangiocarcinoma, pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma. TCGA mutation analysis showed that HSP gene mutation rate in cancers was 0–23%. CCLE mutation analysis indicated that HSP gene mutation rate in 828 cell lines from 15 tumors was 0–17%. CNV analysis revealed that HSPs have different degrees of gene amplifications and deletions in cancers. Gene mutations of 15 HSPs influenced their protein expressions in different cancers. Copy number amplifications and deletions of 22 HSPs also impacted protein expression levels in pan-cancer. HSP gene mutation was generally a poor prognosis factor in cancers, except for uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma. CNVs in 14 HSPs showed varying influences on survival status in different cancers. HSPs may be involved in the activation and inhibition of multiple cancer-related pathways. HSP expressions were closely correlated with 22 immune cell infiltrations in different cancers. The qRT-PCR validation results in vivo showed that HSPA2 was down-regulated in stomach adenocarcinoma and colon adenocarcinoma; HSPA7 and HSPA1A also were down-regulated in colon adenocarcinoma. HSPA2-HSPA7 (r = 0.031, p = 0.009) and HSPA1A-HSPA7 (r = 0.516, p < 0.001) were positive correlation in colon adenocarcinoma. Conclusion: These analysis and validation results show that HSP families play an important role in the occurrence and development of various tumors and are potential tumor diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers as well as anti-cancer therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Rong Yan
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Education Department, Shenyang, China
| | - Shi-Xuan Shen
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Education Department, Shenyang, China
| | - Ang Wang
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Education Department, Shenyang, China
| | - Han-Xi Ding
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Education Department, Shenyang, China
| | - Ying-Nan Liu
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Education Department, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Education Department, Shenyang, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Education Department, Shenyang, China
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16
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Meng Z, Zhang R, Wu X, Zhang M, Zhang S, Jin T. Prognostic value of Mortalin correlates with roles in epithelial-mesenchymal transition and angiogenesis in lung adenocarcinoma. Carcinogenesis 2021; 43:40-51. [PMID: 34490878 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgab081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mortalin is involved in the malignant phenotype of many cancers. However, the specific molecular mechanisms involving Mortalin in lung adenocarcinoma remain unclear. In this study, we showed that both Mortalin mRNA and protein are overexpressed in lung adenocarcinoma. In addition, Mortalin overexpression was positively-correlated with poor overall survival. In vitro experiments showed that Mortalin silencing inhibited the proliferation, colony formation, and migration abilities of A549 and H1299 cells. Mortalin promotes EMT progression, angiogenesis, and tumor progression by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway In vivo experiments further confirmed that Mortalin promoted malignant progression of lung adenocarcinoma. Taken together, our data suggest that Mortalin represents an attractive prognostic marker and therapeutic target in lung adenocarcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Meng
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, 133002, China.,Key Laboratory of the Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province, Yanji, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, 133002, China.,Key Laboratory of the Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province, Yanji, China
| | - Xuwei Wu
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, 133002, China.,Key Laboratory of the Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province, Yanji, China
| | - Meihua Zhang
- Department of Health Examination Centre, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Songnan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Tiefeng Jin
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, 133002, China.,Key Laboratory of the Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province, Yanji, China
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17
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Yang S, Xiao H, Cao L. Recent advances in heat shock proteins in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, metabolism and treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:112074. [PMID: 34426258 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a group of proteins, also known as molecular chaperones, which participate in protein folding and maturation in response to stresses or high temperature. According to their molecular weights, mammalian HSPs are classified into HSP27, HSP40, HSP60, HSP70, HSP90, and large HSPs. Previous studies have revealed that HSPs play important roles in oncogenesis and malignant progression because they can modulate all six hallmark traits of cancer. Because of this, HSPs have been propelled into the spotlight as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis, as well as an exciting anticancer drug target. However, the relationship between the expression level of HSPs and their activity and cancer diagnosis, prognosis, metabolism and treatment is not clear and has not been completely established. Herein, this review summarizes and discusses recent advances and perspectives in major HSPs as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, as regulators for cancer metabolism or as therapeutic targets for cancer therapy, which may provide new directions to improve the accuracy of cancer diagnosis and develop more effective and safer anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxian Yang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haiyan Xiao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Li Cao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
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18
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Wei B, Cao J, Tian JH, Yu CY, Huang Q, Yu JJ, Ma R, Wang J, Xu F, Wang LB. Mortalin maintains breast cancer stem cells stemness via activation of Wnt/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:2696-2716. [PMID: 34249423 PMCID: PMC8263651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous research indicated that mortalin overexpressed in breast cancer and contributed to carcinogenesis. Mortalin was also demonstrated to promote Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and was considered as a factor for maintaining the stemness of the cancer stem cells. However, the underlying mechanisms about mortalin maintaining the stemness of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) remain unclear. Here, we identified that increased expression of mortalin in breast cancer was associated with poorer overall survival rate. Mortalin was elevated in breast cancer cell lines and BCSC-enriched populations. Additionally, knockdown of mortalin significantly inhibited the cell proliferation, migration and EMT, as well as sphere forming capacity and stemness genes expression. Further study revealed that mortalin promoted EMT and maintained BCSCs stemness via activating the Wnt/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro. Taken together, these findings unveiled the mechanism of mortalin in maintaining and regulating the stemness of BCSCs, and may offer novel therapeutic strategies for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wei
- The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan 750004, China
- Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan 750004, China
| | - Jia Cao
- The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan 750004, China
- Beijing National Biochip Research Center Sub-Center in Ningxia, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan 750004, China
| | - Jin-Hai Tian
- The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan 750004, China
- Beijing National Biochip Research Center Sub-Center in Ningxia, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan 750004, China
| | - Chuan-Yang Yu
- The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan 750004, China
- Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan 750004, China
| | - Qi Huang
- The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan 750004, China
- Beijing National Biochip Research Center Sub-Center in Ningxia, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan 750004, China
| | - Jing-Jing Yu
- The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan 750004, China
- Beijing National Biochip Research Center Sub-Center in Ningxia, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan 750004, China
| | - Rong Ma
- The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan 750004, China
- Beijing National Biochip Research Center Sub-Center in Ningxia, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan 750004, China
| | - Jia Wang
- The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan 750004, China
- Beijing National Biochip Research Center Sub-Center in Ningxia, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan 750004, China
| | - Fang Xu
- Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan 750004, China
| | - Li-Bin Wang
- The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan 750004, China
- Beijing National Biochip Research Center Sub-Center in Ningxia, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan 750004, China
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19
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Chandra V, Rai R, Benbrook DM. Utility and Mechanism of SHetA2 and Paclitaxel for Treatment of Endometrial Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102322. [PMID: 34066052 PMCID: PMC8150795 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Incidence and death rates for endometrial cancer are steadily rising world-wide. Endometrial cancer patients at high risk for recurrence are treated with chemotherapy, which causes significant toxicity. Molecularly targeted drugs have been found to cause less toxicity than chemotherapy. We studied a low-toxicity drug, called SHetA2, which targets three heat shock A proteins that are highly mutated in endometrial cancers. Our results demonstrated that SHetA2 inhibits endometrial cancer cells and tumors, and enhances therapeutic effects of paclitaxel without increasing toxicity. This information supports development of clinical trials to test if combining SHetA2 with paclitaxel can increase the paclitaxel therapeutic effect without increasing toxicity, or allows a lowered paclitaxel dose to achieve the same level of therapeutic effect, but with reduced toxicity. Our new knowledge about how SHetA2 works can be translated into development of biomarkers to predict with patients would most likely benefit from SHetA2-based therapy. Abstract Endometrial cancer patients with advanced disease or high recurrence risk are treated with chemotherapy. Our objective was to evaluate the utility and mechanism of a novel drug, SHetA2, alone and in combination with paclitaxel, in endometrial cancer. SHetA2 targets the HSPA chaperone proteins, Grp78, hsc70, and mortalin, which have high mutation rates in endometrial cancer. SHetA2 effects on cancerous phenotypes, mitochondria, metabolism, protein expression, mortalin/client protein complexes, and cell death were evaluated in AN3CA, Hec13b, and Ishikawa endometrial cancer cell lines, and on growth of Ishikawa xenografts. In all three cell lines, SHetA2 inhibited anchorage-independent growth, migration, invasion, and ATP production, and induced G1 cell cycle arrest, mitochondrial damage, and caspase- and apoptosis inducing factor (AIF)-mediated apoptosis. These effects were associated with altered levels of proteins involved in cell cycle regulation, mitochondrial function, protein synthesis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and metabolism; disruption of mortalin complexes with mitochondrial and metabolism proteins; and inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis. SHetA2 and paclitaxel exhibited synergistic combination indices in all cell lines and exerted greater xenograft tumor growth inhibition than either drug alone. SHetA2 is active against endometrial cancer cell lines in culture and in vivo and acts synergistically with paclitaxel.
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20
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Gil-Hernández A, Arroyo-Campuzano M, Simoni-Nieves A, Zazueta C, Gomez-Quiroz LE, Silva-Palacios A. Relevance of Membrane Contact Sites in Cancer Progression. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:622215. [PMID: 33511135 PMCID: PMC7835521 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.622215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane contact sites (MCS) are typically defined as areas of proximity between heterologous or homologous membranes characterized by specific proteins. The study of MCS is considered as an emergent field that shows how crucial organelle interactions are in cell physiology. MCS regulate a myriad of physiological processes such as apoptosis, calcium, and lipid signaling, just to name a few. The membranal interactions between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)–mitochondria, the ER–plasma membrane, and the vesicular traffic have received special attention in recent years, particularly in cancer research, in which it has been proposed that MCS regulate tumor metabolism and fate, contributing to their progression. However, as the therapeutic or diagnostic potential of MCS has not been fully revisited, in this review, we provide recent information on MCS relevance on calcium and lipid signaling in cancer cells and on its role in tumor progression. We also describe some proteins associated with MCS, like CERT, STIM1, VDAC, and Orai, that impact on cancer progression and that could be a possible diagnostic marker. Overall, these information might contribute to the understanding of the complex biology of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Gil-Hernández
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel Arroyo-Campuzano
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Arturo Simoni-Nieves
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cecilia Zazueta
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Enrique Gomez-Quiroz
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Silva-Palacios
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
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21
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Jiao D, Zhang J, Chen P, Guo X, Qiao J, Zhu J, Wang L, Lu Z, Liu Z. HN1L promotes migration and invasion of breast cancer by up-regulating the expression of HMGB1. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:397-410. [PMID: 33191617 PMCID: PMC7810958 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent reports showed that haematological and neurological expressed 1-like (HN1L) gene participated in tumorigenesis and tumour invasion. However, the expression and role of HN1L in breast cancer remain to be investigated. Here, bioinformatics, western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression of HN1L in breast cancer. Wound healing, transwell assay, immunofluorescence assay and mass spectrum were used to explore the role and mechanism of HN1L on the migration and invasion of breast cancer, which was confirmed in vivo using a nude mice model. Results showed that HN1L was significantly over-expressed in breast cancer tissues, which was positively correlated with M metastasis of breast cancer patients. Silencing HN1L significantly inhibited the invasion and metastasis of breast cancer cells in vitro and lung metastasis in nude mice metastasis model of breast cancer. Mechanistically, HN1L interacted with HSPA9 and affected the expression of HMGB1, playing a key role in promoting the invasion and metastasis of breast cancer cell. These results suggested that HN1L was an appealing drug target for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dechuang Jiao
- Department of Breast DiseaseHenan Breast Cancer CenterAffiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer HospitalZhengzhouChina
| | - Jingyang Zhang
- Department of Breast DiseaseHenan Breast Cancer CenterAffiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer HospitalZhengzhouChina
| | - Ping Chen
- College of Basic Medical SciencesCollaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer ChemopreventionZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Xuhui Guo
- Department of Breast DiseaseHenan Breast Cancer CenterAffiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer HospitalZhengzhouChina
| | - Jianghua Qiao
- Department of Breast DiseaseHenan Breast Cancer CenterAffiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer HospitalZhengzhouChina
| | - Jiujun Zhu
- Department of Breast DiseaseHenan Breast Cancer CenterAffiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer HospitalZhengzhouChina
| | - Lina Wang
- Department of Breast DiseaseHenan Breast Cancer CenterAffiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer HospitalZhengzhouChina
| | - Zhenduo Lu
- Department of Breast DiseaseHenan Breast Cancer CenterAffiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer HospitalZhengzhouChina
| | - Zhenzhen Liu
- Department of Breast DiseaseHenan Breast Cancer CenterAffiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer HospitalZhengzhouChina
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22
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Zhang R, Meng Z, Wu X, Zhang M, Zhang S, Jin T. Mortalin promotes breast cancer malignancy. Exp Mol Pathol 2020; 118:104593. [PMID: 33309613 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2020.104593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mortalin is a member of the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) family that promotes the development of many cancers. It is reportedly a tumor promoter, but the mechanism of Mortalin in breast cancer is unclear. We designed a series of experiments to explore the correlation between Mortalin and the malignancy of breast cancer, and to assess the potential of Mortalin as a novel therapeutic target in breast cancer. The expression level of Mortalin in breast cancer tissues was detected. Then, we did a series of functional experiment. The findings indicated that Mortalin facilitates the proliferation, metastasis, and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process of breast cancer. In our research, Mortalin is regulated EMT process and malignant progression of breast cancer through Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway. The findings imply that Mortalin significantly promotes the progression of breast cancer malignancy and reduces patient survival, suggesting that Mortalin as a biomarker and prognostic factor in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji 133002, China; Key Laboratory of the Science and Technology, Department of Jilin Province, Yanji, China
| | - Ziqi Meng
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji 133002, China; Key Laboratory of the Science and Technology, Department of Jilin Province, Yanji, China
| | - Xuwei Wu
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji 133002, China; Key Laboratory of the Science and Technology, Department of Jilin Province, Yanji, China
| | - Meihua Zhang
- Department of Health Examination Centre, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji 133002, China.
| | - Songnan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Tiefeng Jin
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji 133002, China; Key Laboratory of the Science and Technology, Department of Jilin Province, Yanji, China.
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Priyanka, Wadhwa R, Chaudhuri R, Nag TC, Seth P. Novel role of mortalin in attenuating HIV-1 Tat-mediated astrogliosis. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:276. [PMID: 32951595 PMCID: PMC7504834 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01912-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection, activation of astrocytes induces imbalance in physiological functions due to perturbed astrocytic functions that unleashes toxicity on neurons. This leads to inflammatory response finally culminating into neurocognitive dysfunction. In neuroAIDS, HIV-1 protein, transactivator of transcription (Tat) is detected in the cerebrospinal fluid of infected patients. Mortalin, a multifunctional protein, has anti-inflammatory role following its activation in various stress conditions. Recent studies demonstrate downregulation of mortalin in neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we explored the mechanisms of mortalin in modulating HIV-1 Tat-mediated neuroinflammation. METHODS Expression of mortalin in autopsy section in normal and diseased individuals were examined using immunohistochemistry. To decipher the role of mortalin in HIV-1 Tat-induced activation, human fetal brain-derived astrocytes were transiently transfected with Tat and mortalin using expression vectors. HIV-1 Tat-mediated damage was analyzed using RT-PCR and western blotting. Modulatory role of mortalin was examined by coexpressing it with Tat, followed by examination of mitochondrial morphodynamics using biochemical assay and confocal and electron microscopy. Extracellular ATP release was monitored using luciferase assay. Neuroinflammation in astrocytes was examined using flow cytometry, dye based study, immunocytochemistry, immunoprecipitation, and western blotting. Indirect neuronal damage was also analyzed. RESULTS HIV-1 Tat downregulates the expression of mortalin in astrocytes, and this is corroborated with autopsy sections of HIV-1 patients. We found that overexpression of mortalin with Tat reduced inflammation and also rescued astrocytic-mediated neuronal death. Using bioinformatics, we discovered that binding of mortalin with Tat leads to Tat degradation and rescues the cell from neuroinflammation. Blocking of proteosomal pathway rescued the Tat degradation and revealed the ubiquitination of Tat. CONCLUSION Overall, our data demonstrated the protective role of mortalin in combating HIV-1 Tat-mediated damage. We also showed that mortalin could degrade Tat through direct binding with HIV-1 Tat. Overexpression of mortalin in the presence of Tat could significantly reduce cytotoxic effects of Tat in astrocytes. Indirect neuronal death was also found to be rescued. Our in vitro findings were validated as we found attenuated expression of mortalin in the autopsy sections of HIV-1 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, National Brain Research Centre, NH-8, Nainwal Road, Manesar, Gurgaon, Haryana, 122052, India
| | - Renu Wadhwa
- AIST-INDIA DAILAB, DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental (DAICENTER), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Rituparna Chaudhuri
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, National Brain Research Centre, NH-8, Nainwal Road, Manesar, Gurgaon, Haryana, 122052, India
| | | | - Pankaj Seth
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, National Brain Research Centre, NH-8, Nainwal Road, Manesar, Gurgaon, Haryana, 122052, India.
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Xu M, Zhang Y, Cui M, Wang X, Lin Z. Mortalin contributes to colorectal cancer by promoting proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. IUBMB Life 2019; 72:771-781. [PMID: 31647608 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study focused on the expression of mortalin in colorectal cancer (CRC). Mortalin activated the Wnt/β-catenin pathway to accelerate cell proliferation and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) program. Data from online databases displayed that the expression of mortalin was high in CRC, which was further validated using clinical specimens. Meanwhile, high mortalin expression was positively associated with a poor overall survival rate. Suppression of mortalin inhibited CRC cell proliferation as evaluated by the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT), colony formation, and immunofluorescence staining assays. In addition, depletion of mortalin inhibited CRC cell EMT progression and deactivated the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Altogether, mortalin is highly expressed in CRC and may indicate a poor prognosis. Mortalin accelerated CRC progression by stimulating cell proliferation and the EMT program. This study may provide a potential clinical therapeutic target for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Xu
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, China
| | - Minghua Cui
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, China.,Key Laboratory of the Science and Technology, Yanbian University, Department of Jilin Province, Yanji, China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, China
| | - Zhenhua Lin
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, China.,Key Laboratory of the Science and Technology, Yanbian University, Department of Jilin Province, Yanji, China
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SMR peptide antagonizes mortalin promoted release of extracellular vesicles and affects mortalin protection from complement-dependent cytotoxicity in breast cancer cells and leukemia cells. Oncotarget 2019; 10:5419-5438. [PMID: 31534628 PMCID: PMC6739210 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mortalin/GRP-75/mt-hsp70 is a mitochondrial chaperone protein, found in the cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum and cytoplasmic vesicles. It functions in many cellular processes such as mitochondrial biogenesis, intracellular trafficking, cell proliferation, signaling, immortalization and tumorigenesis. Thus, inhibition of mortalin is a promising avenue for cancer therapy. Previous studies in our lab have suggested that mortalin contributes to breast cancer development and progression. We showed that tumor extracellular vesicle secretion was decreased by knockdown of mortalin expression using HIV-1 Nef SMR peptides. Specifically, these peptides can block extracellular vesicle secretion and mediate cell cycle arrest in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells.
Aims: This study aims to investigate further the function and mechanism of interaction of PEG-SMR-CLU and SMR-CPP peptides with the chaperone protein mortalin and to explore the effect of SMR-derived peptides and mortalin expression on extracellular vesicle release and complement dependent cell toxicity in human breast cancer and leukemia cell lines.
Results: Our results demonstrated additional effects reversing the tumorigenicity of these cells. First, the modified SMRwt peptides reduced the expression of the mesenchymal marker vimentin (VIM). Second, exposure to the SMRwt peptide inhibited mortalin and complement C9 expression in MDA-MB-231, MCF-7 breast cancer cells and K562 leukemia cells as measured by the Western blot analysis. Third, the SMRwt peptides blocked the cancer cells’ ability to release extracellular vesicles, which we observed blocked extracellular vesicle-mediated release of complement, re-establishing complements mediated cell death in those peptide-treated cells.
Methods: We developed a series of peptides derived from the Secretion Modification Region (SMR) of HIV-1 Nef protein, modified by the addition of either a cell-penetrating peptide (CPP), a positively charged arginine-rich peptide derived from HIV-1 regulatory protein Tat, or a Clusterin-binding peptide (CLU), a molecular chaperone involved in protein secretion. Both CPP and CLU peptide sequences were added at the C-terminus of the Nef SMR peptide. The CLU-containing peptides were also modified with polyethylene glycol (PEG) to enhance solubility. After treatment of cells with the peptides, we used the MTT cell viability and complement-mediated cytotoxicity assays to confirm the inhibitory role of modified SMRwt peptides on the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells and K562 leukemia cells. Flow cytometry was used to determine complement mediated cell apoptosis and death. Western blot analysis was used to track SMR peptides impact on expression of mortalin, vimentin and complement C9 and to measure the expression of extracellular vesicle proteins. NanoSight analysis and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) assay were used for measuring extracellular vesicles particle size and concentration and acetylcholinesterase.
Conclusions: Mortalin promotes cell proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis, downregulate apoptotic signaling. Thus, mortalin is a potential therapeutic target for cancer immunotherapy. The novel SMRwt peptides antagonize the functions of mortalin, blocking tumor extracellular vesicle release and extracellular vesicle-mediated release of complement. This leads to decreases in breast cancer cell metastasis and allows standard treatment of these late stage tumor cells, thus having important clinical implications for late stage breast cancer chemotherapy. These findings support further investigation into the therapeutic value of the SMR peptide in cancer metastasis.
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Cheng W, Zhang B, Zikeliyar M, Wang J, Jian H, Wu K, Zhang Y, Ding J. Elevated Mortalin correlates with poor outcome in hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann Diagn Pathol 2019; 42:59-63. [PMID: 31310900 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2019.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Although several lines of evidence existed suggesting that Mortalin was linked with survival in malignant tumors; it has been barely described regarding the prognostic involvement of its expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Herein, to understand the prognostic meaning of Mortalin expression, Immunohistochemistry was undertaken to observe the immunohistochemical characteristics of Mortalin on HCC tissue microarray consisting of 90 cases of HCC and its paired normal control dots, followed by detailed statistical analysis with the accompanying clinicopathological variables available, including gender, age, tumor size, differentiation, cirrhosis, vascular invasion, clinical stage, T classification and intrahepatic metastases. Meanwhile, Kaplan-Meier survival curve was plotted to analyze the prognostic difference for patients with high and low expression of Mortalin. It was exhibited that Mortalin was over-expressed in HCC tissues relative to paired normal control and elevated Mortalin significantly correlated with vascular invasion, clinical stage and intrahepatic metastasis. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that Mortalin was remarkably associated with overall survival and disease-free survival. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that expression of Mortalin was an independent prognostic factor in HCC. Collectively, the data we provided here support the prognostic prediction value of Mortalin in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cheng
- Department of Hematologic and Oncology, the Center Hospital of Karamay City, Karamay 834000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Hematologic and Oncology, the Center Hospital of Karamay City, Karamay 834000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Mulager Zikeliyar
- Department of Hematologic and Oncology, the Center Hospital of Karamay City, Karamay 834000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Junqiao Wang
- Department of Hematologic and Oncology, the Center Hospital of Karamay City, Karamay 834000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Huiling Jian
- Department of Hematologic and Oncology, the Center Hospital of Karamay City, Karamay 834000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Kexiong Wu
- Department of Hematologic and Oncology, the Center Hospital of Karamay City, Karamay 834000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yizhi Zhang
- Department of Hematologic and Oncology, the Center Hospital of Karamay City, Karamay 834000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jinhui Ding
- Department of General Surgery, the Center Hospital of Karamay City, Karamay 834000, Xinjiang, China.
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Li S, Lv M, Qiu S, Meng J, Liu W, Zuo J, Yang L. NF-κB p65 promotes ovarian cancer cell proliferation and migration via regulating mortalin. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:4338-4348. [PMID: 30983127 PMCID: PMC6533498 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies show that mortalin, a HSP70 family member, contributes to the development and progression of ovarian cancer. However, details of the transcriptional regulation of mortalin remain unknown. We aimed to determine whether NF‐κB p65 participates in the regulation of mortalin expression in ovarian cancer cells and to elucidate the underlying mechanism. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assay were used to identify mortalin gene sequences, to which NF‐κB p65 binds. Results indicated that NF‐κB p65 binds to the mortalin promoter at a site with the sequence ‘CGGGGTTTCA’. Using lentiviral pLVX‐NF‐κB‐puro and Lentivirus‐delivered NF‐κB short hairpin RNA (shRNA), we created ovarian cancer cell lines in which NF‐κB p65 was stably up‐regulated and down‐regulated. Using these cells, we found that downregulation of NF‐κB p65 inhibits the growth and migration of ovarian cancer cells. Further experimental evidence indicated that downregulation of NF‐κB p65 reduced mortalin, and upregulation of mortalin rescued the proliferation and migration of ovarian cancer cells reduced by NF‐κB p65 knockdown. In conclusion, NF‐κB p65 binds to the mortalin promoter and promotes ovarian cancer cells proliferation and migration via regulating mortalin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Li
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengyuan Lv
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi Qiu
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaqi Meng
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji Zuo
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Mortalin is a distinct bio-marker and prognostic factor in serous ovarian carcinoma. Gene 2019; 696:63-71. [PMID: 30776464 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on mortalin expression and its relevance to the prognosis in serous ovarian carcinoma, mortalin modulated cell malignant proliferation and EMT progression via Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway. In this study, data obtained from Oncomine database, Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) analysis and Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was used to assess the expression of mortalin in serous ovarian carcinoma. The prognostic value of mortalin was analyzed using Meier plotter database and Kaplan-Meier. MTT (3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide) assay, immunofluorescence (IF) staining, and colony formation assay were used to detect cell reproductive capacity. SK-OV-3 cell motility and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were measured by wound-healing, migration and western-blot assays. Data from Oncomine showed that mortalin was highly expressed in serous ovarian carcinomas compared with corresponding normal controls. Similar results were found in CCLE analysis and in clinical specimens. High mortalin expression was associated with high histological grade and worse overall survival (OS) rate. The results of MTT analyses, IF staining, and colony formation assay indicated that MKT-077 (1-Ethyl-2-[[3-ethyl-5-(3-methyl-2(3H)-benzothiazolylidene)-4-oxo-2-thiazolidinylidene] methyl]-pyridinium chloride) suppressed the viability of SK-OV-3 cells. Besides, mortalin suppression restrained cell EMT progression by Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway. Taken together, mortalin is over-expressed in serous ovarian carcinoma. High mortalin expression could be a candidate for the prognostic indicator and a biomarker in serous ovarian carcinoma.
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Pham MQ, Tran THV, Pham QL, Gairin JE. In silico analysis of the binding properties of solasonine to mortalin and p53, and in vitro pharmacological studies of its apoptotic and cytotoxic effects on human HepG2 and Hep3b hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2019; 33:385-396. [DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minh Quan Pham
- UPS UMR 152 Pharma‐DEV Université Toulouse 3 Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques Université de Toulouse 35 Chemin des Maraîchers F‐31062 Toulouse France
- Institute of Natural Products Chemistry Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology Building 1H, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Thi Hoai Van Tran
- Institute of Natural Products Chemistry Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology Building 1H, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Hanoi Vietnam
- Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology Graduate University of Science and Technology 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Hanoi Vietnam
- Vietnam University of Traditional Medicine Ministry of Health 2 Tran Phu Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Quoc Long Pham
- Institute of Natural Products Chemistry Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology Building 1H, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Jean Edouard Gairin
- UPS UMR 152 Pharma‐DEV Université Toulouse 3 Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques Université de Toulouse 35 Chemin des Maraîchers F‐31062 Toulouse France
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30
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Strangers in strange lands: mitochondrial proteins found at extra-mitochondrial locations. Biochem J 2019; 476:25-37. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20180473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The mitochondrial proteome is estimated to contain ∼1100 proteins, the vast majority of which are nuclear-encoded, with only 13 proteins encoded by the mitochondrial genome. The import of these nuclear-encoded proteins into mitochondria was widely believed to be unidirectional, but recent discoveries have revealed that many these ‘mitochondrial’ proteins are exported, and have extra-mitochondrial activities divergent from their mitochondrial function. Surprisingly, three of the exported proteins discovered thus far are mitochondrially encoded and have significantly different extra-mitochondrial roles than those performed within the mitochondrion. In this review, we will detail the wide variety of proteins once thought to only reside within mitochondria, but now known to ‘emigrate’ from mitochondria in order to attain ‘dual citizenship’, present both within mitochondria and elsewhere.
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Sane S, Hafner A, Srinivasan R, Masood D, Slunecka JL, Noldner CJ, Hanson AD, Kruisselbrink T, Wang X, Wang Y, Yin J, Rezvani K. UBXN2A enhances CHIP-mediated proteasomal degradation of oncoprotein mortalin-2 in cancer cells. Mol Oncol 2018; 12:1753-1777. [PMID: 30107089 PMCID: PMC6166003 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of oncoproteins is a major cause of treatment failure using current chemotherapeutic drugs. Drug-induced degradation of oncoproteins is feasible and can improve clinical outcomes in diverse types of cancers. Mortalin-2 (mot-2) is a dominant oncoprotein in several tumors, including colorectal cancer (CRC). In addition to inactivating the p53 tumor suppressor protein, mot-2 enhances tumor cell invasion and migration. Thus, mot-2 is considered a potential therapeutic target in several cancer types. The current study investigated the biological role of a ubiquitin-like protein called UBXN2A in the regulation of mot-2 turnover. An orthogonal ubiquitin transfer technology followed by immunoprecipitation, in vitro ubiquitination, and Magnetic Beads TUBE2 pull-down experiments revealed that UBXN2A promotes carboxyl terminus of the HSP70-interacting protein (CHIP)-dependent ubiquitination of mot-2. We subsequently showed that UBXN2A increases proteasomal degradation of mot-2. A subcellular compartmentalization experiment revealed that induced UBXN2A decreases the level of mot-2 and its chaperone partner, HSP60. Pharmacological upregulation of UBXN2A using a small molecule, veratridine (VTD), decreases the level of mot-2 in cancer cells. Consistent with the in vitro results, UBXN2A+/- mice exhibited selective elevation of mot-2 in colon tissues. An in vitro Anti-K48 TUBE isolation approach showed that recombinant UBXN2A enhances proteasomal degradation of mot-2 in mouse colon tissues. Finally, we observed enhanced association of CHIP with the UBXN2A-mot-2 complex in tumors in an azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium-induced mouse CRC model. The existence of a multiprotein complex containing UBXN2A, CHIP, and mot-2 suggests a synergistic tumor suppressor activity of UBXN2A and CHIP in mot-2-enriched tumors. This finding validates the UBXN2A-CHIP axis as a novel and potential therapeutic target in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanam Sane
- Division of Basic Biomedical SciencesSanford School of MedicineThe University of South DakotaVermillionSDUSA
| | - Andre Hafner
- Division of Basic Biomedical SciencesSanford School of MedicineThe University of South DakotaVermillionSDUSA
| | - Rekha Srinivasan
- Division of Basic Biomedical SciencesSanford School of MedicineThe University of South DakotaVermillionSDUSA
| | - Daniall Masood
- Division of Basic Biomedical SciencesSanford School of MedicineThe University of South DakotaVermillionSDUSA
| | - John l. Slunecka
- Division of Basic Biomedical SciencesSanford School of MedicineThe University of South DakotaVermillionSDUSA
| | - Collin J. Noldner
- Division of Basic Biomedical SciencesSanford School of MedicineThe University of South DakotaVermillionSDUSA
| | - Alex D. Hanson
- Division of Basic Biomedical SciencesSanford School of MedicineThe University of South DakotaVermillionSDUSA
| | - Taylor Kruisselbrink
- Division of Basic Biomedical SciencesSanford School of MedicineThe University of South DakotaVermillionSDUSA
| | - Xuejun Wang
- Division of Basic Biomedical SciencesSanford School of MedicineThe University of South DakotaVermillionSDUSA
| | - Yiyang Wang
- Department of ChemistryCenter for Diagnostics & TherapeuticsGeorgia State UniversityAtlantaGAUSA
| | - Jun Yin
- Department of ChemistryCenter for Diagnostics & TherapeuticsGeorgia State UniversityAtlantaGAUSA
| | - Khosrow Rezvani
- Division of Basic Biomedical SciencesSanford School of MedicineThe University of South DakotaVermillionSDUSA
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Wawrzynow B, Zylicz A, Zylicz M. Chaperoning the guardian of the genome. The two-faced role of molecular chaperones in p53 tumor suppressor action. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2018; 1869:161-174. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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He Y, Peng L, Huang Y, Liu C, Zheng S, Wu K. Blood cadmium levels associated with short distant metastasis-free survival time in invasive breast cancer. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:28055-28064. [PMID: 28994009 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0412-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Distant metastasis is strongly associated with poor prognosis of breast cancer. Cadmium (Cd) exposure was previously found associated with breast cancer incidence. We explored the associations of blood cadmium levels (BCLs) and clinicopathologic characteristics with invasive breast cancer distant metastasis. Blood samples were collected and analyzed for BCLs by graphite-furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Clinicopathologic characteristics, including basic clinical information and tumor characteristics, were obtained from medical records. Breast cancer distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) time was calculated at follow-up. The associations of BCLs and clinicopathologic characteristics with DMFS time were examined by Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression analysis, and associations between BCLs and tumor characteristics were also explored. Blood Cd level was positively associated with distant metastasis, clinical stage, BMI, and age. On univariate analysis, older age at diagnosis, family history of breast cancer, high N classification and clinical stage, positivity for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, and high BCLs were associated with short DMFS time. On multivariate analysis model, older age at diagnosis, family history of breast cancer, high N classification, and BCLs were predictors for breast cancer distant metastasis. BCLs were a risk factor for short DMFS time of invasive breast cancer. BCLs and some clinicopathologic factors affect breast cancer distant metastasis, which needs further epidemiological and experimental studies to confirm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfang He
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, No.22, Xinling Rd., Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China
| | - Lin Peng
- Clinical Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China
| | - Yanhong Huang
- Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, North Taishan Road, Shantou, Guangdong Province, 515065, China
| | - Caixia Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, No.22, Xinling Rd., Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China
| | - Shukai Zheng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, No.22, Xinling Rd., Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China
| | - Kusheng Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, No.22, Xinling Rd., Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China.
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Targeting Heat Shock Proteins in Cancer: A Promising Therapeutic Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18091978. [PMID: 28914774 PMCID: PMC5618627 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a large family of chaperones that are involved in protein folding and maturation of a variety of "client" proteins protecting them from degradation, oxidative stress, hypoxia, and thermal stress. Hence, they are significant regulators of cellular proliferation, differentiation and strongly implicated in the molecular orchestration of cancer development and progression as many of their clients are well established oncoproteins in multiple tumor types. Interestingly, tumor cells are more HSP chaperonage-dependent than normal cells for proliferation and survival because the oncoproteins in cancer cells are often misfolded and require augmented chaperonage activity for correction. This led to the development of several inhibitors of HSP90 and other HSPs that have shown promise both preclinically and clinically in the treatment of cancer. In this article, we comprehensively review the roles of some of the important HSPs in cancer, and how targeting them could be efficacious, especially when traditional cancer therapies fail.
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Monoclonal Antibody 1C11 Mouse Monoclonal Antibody Against Mortalin. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 2017; 36:192-193. [PMID: 28806154 DOI: 10.1089/mab.2017.0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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36
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Rezaei M, Ghaderi A. Production of a Mouse Monoclonal Antibody Against Mortalin by Whole Cell Immunization. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 2017; 36:169-175. [PMID: 28719245 DOI: 10.1089/mab.2017.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic carcinoma is the fourth leading cause of cancer death and is characterized by early invasion and metastasis. Advances in molecular biology directed new strategies in targeted therapy using monoclonal antibodies. To identify new biomarkers, we generated a panel of monoclonal antibodies against the newly established cell line, Faraz-ICR, from a patient with acinar cell carcinoma. After immunization of BALB/c female mice with Faraz-ICR cell line and fusion of splenocytes with SP2/0 myeloma cell line, high reactive hybridoma producing antibodies to Faraz-ICR were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry. Western blot and two-dimensional immunoblot were used for further characterization of the targets antibodies. Among high reactive clones, the reactivity of 1C11 clone was assessed with other epithelial tumors. The isotype of the antibody was revealed to be IgM, and the antibody reacted to a protein with a molecular weight of about 70 kDa in Western blot analysis. To further characterization of the target antigen, immunoproteome of the Faraz-ICR cell line was performed. By liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis, we identified that the target of 1C11 clone was HSP70. In conclusion, pancreatic cancer is a fatal malignancy with no reliable biomarker for early screening and diagnosis. In this study, by establishing a pancreatic cell line, a panel of monoclonal antibodies was generated aiming to explore specific or associated cancer targets. We then introduced 1C11 monoclonal antibody that can specifically recognize mortalin as a main tumor marker and may serve as a new tool for diagnostic kit and therapeutic strategies targeting this molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Rezaei
- 1 Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz, Iran .,2 Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abbas Ghaderi
- 2 Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz, Iran
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37
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Retrospective Proteomic Screening of 100 Breast Cancer Tissues. Proteomes 2017; 5:proteomes5030015. [PMID: 28686225 PMCID: PMC5620532 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes5030015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The present investigation has been conducted on one hundred tissue fragments of breast cancer, collected and immediately cryopreserved following the surgical resection. The specimens were selected from patients with invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast, the most frequent and potentially aggressive type of mammary cancer, with the objective to increase the knowledge of breast cancer molecular markers potentially useful for clinical applications. The proteomic screening; by 2D-IPG and mass spectrometry; allowed us to identify two main classes of protein clusters: proteins expressed ubiquitously at high levels in all patients; and proteins expressed sporadically among the same patients. Within the group of ubiquitous proteins, glycolytic enzymes and proteins with anti-apoptotic activity were predominant. Among the sporadic ones, proteins involved in cell motility, molecular chaperones and proteins involved in the detoxification appeared prevalent. The data of the present study indicates that the primary tumor growth is reasonably supported by concurrent events: the inhibition of apoptosis and stimulation of cellular proliferation, and the increased expression of glycolytic enzymes with multiple functions. The second phase of the evolution of the tumor can be prematurely scheduled by the occasional presence of proteins involved in cell motility and in the defenses of the oxidative stress. We suggest that this approach on large-scale 2D-IPG proteomics of breast cancer is currently a valid tool that offers the opportunity to evaluate on the same assay the presence and recurrence of individual proteins, their isoforms and short forms, to be proposed as prognostic indicators and susceptibility to metastasis in patients operated on for invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast.
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Zhao C, Hou W, Lei H, Huang L, Wang S, Cui D, Xing C, Wang X, Peng Y. Potassium 2-(l-hydroxypentyl)-benzoate attenuates neuroinflammatory responses and upregulates heme oxygenase-1 in systemic lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in mice. Acta Pharm Sin B 2017; 7:470-478. [PMID: 28752032 PMCID: PMC5518660 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A neuroinflammatory response is commonly involved in the progression of many neurodegenerative diseases. Potassium 2-(1-hydroxypentyl)-benzoate (PHPB), a novel neuroprotective compound, has shown promising effects in the treatment of ischemic stroke and Alzheimer׳s disease (AD). In the present study, the anti-inflammatory effects of PHPB were investigated in the plasma and brain of C57BL/6 mice administered a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Levels of iNOS and the cytokines TNFα, IL-1β and IL-10 were elevated in plasma, cerebral cortex and hippocampus after LPS injection and the number of microglia and astrocytes in cortex and hippocampus were increased. LPS also upregulated the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the cortex and hippocampus. PHPB reduced the levels of iNOS and cytokines in the plasma and brain, decreased the number of microglia and astrocytes and further enhanced the upregulation of HO-1. In addition, PHPB inhibited the LPS-induced phosphorylation of ERK, P38 and JNK. These results suggest that PHPB is a potential candidate in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases through inhibiting neuroinflammation.
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Mortalin expression in pancreatic cancer and its clinical and prognostic significance. Hum Pathol 2017; 64:171-178. [PMID: 28412209 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2017.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Mortalin, an essential mitochondrial chaperone protein, is involved in the tumorigenesis of a number of malignancies. This study aimed to investigate the expression of Mortalin in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells and to determine its clinicopathological and prognostic significance. The localization of Mortalin protein was detected in BXPC-3 PDAC cells using immunofluorescence. Immunohistochemistry was also used to detect Mortalin expression in well-defined tissues obtained from 106 PDAC patients and 46 corresponding nontumor pancreatic tissues. Clinicopathological parameters and overall survival data were collected and compared between different Mortalin statuses. The results of immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence showed that Mortalin was primarily present in the cytoplasm of PDAC cells. The ratio of strong positive staining for Mortalin was higher in PDAC tissues (55.66%; 59/106) than in normal adjacent tissues (23.91%; 11/46). Positive relationships between Mortalin expression and clinical stage, perineural invasion, lymph node metastasis, and lower overall survival were observed. Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified Mortalin as a significant independent prognostic factor, in addition to location, clinical stage, and perineural invasion, for survival of PDAC patients. Therefore, we present strong evidence that Mortalin may function as a practical marker to predict prognosis and as a potential therapeutic target in PDAC treatment.
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40
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Sun J, Che SL, Piao JJ, Xu M, Chen LY, Lin ZH. Mortalin overexpression predicts poor prognosis in early stage of non-small cell lung cancer. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317695918. [PMID: 28349826 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317695918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mortalin is a member of the heat shock protein 70 family, which is involved in multiple cellular processes and may play key roles in promoting carcinogenesis. This study attempted to identify the clinical consequences of Mortalin overexpression and its roles in the prognostic evaluation of non-small cell lung cancer. A total of 120 non-small cell lung cancer samples paired with the adjacent non-tumor tissue samples and 10 normal lung tissues were selected for immunohistochemical staining for Mortalin. The localization of Mortalin was detected in A549 non-small cell lung cancer cells using immunofluorescence staining. The correlations between Mortalin overexpression and the clinical features of non-small cell lung cancers were evaluated using the chi-square test. The survival analysis was calculated via the Kaplan-Meier method and the Cox proportional hazard models. Our studies suggested that Mortalin exhibited a primarily cytoplasmic staining pattern in the non-small cell lung cancers. The rate of strongly positive Mortalin expression was higher in the non-small cell lung cancer samples than in the adjacent non-tumor samples or in normal lung tissues. Mortalin overexpression was significantly correlated with high histological grades, advanced stages, lymph node metastases, and lower disease-free survival and overall survival rates of the patients with non-small cell lung cancer. The survival analysis demonstrated that Mortalin overexpression was a significant independent prognostic factor in non-small cell lung cancer, especially for patients with early stage of non-small cell lung cancer. In conclusion, Mortalin is up-regulated in non-small cell lung cancer, and it may be a potential biomarker of prognostic evaluation and a molecular therapeutic target for patients with early stage of non-small cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Sun
- 1 Department of Pathology & Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, China
| | - Shuan-Long Che
- 1 Department of Pathology & Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, China
| | - Jun-Jie Piao
- 1 Department of Pathology & Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, China
| | - Ming Xu
- 1 Department of Pathology & Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, China
| | - Li-Yan Chen
- 2 Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, China.,3 Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of ChangBai Mountain and Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Lin
- 1 Department of Pathology & Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, China
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41
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Relevance of mortalin to cancer cell stemness and cancer therapy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42016. [PMID: 28165047 PMCID: PMC5292728 DOI: 10.1038/srep42016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mortalin/mtHsp70 is a member of Hsp70 family of proteins. Enriched in a large variety of cancers, it has been shown to contribute to the process of carcinogenesis by multiple ways including inactivation of tumor suppressor p53 protein, deregulation of apoptosis and activation of EMT signaling. In this study, we report that upregulation of mortalin contributes to cancer cell stemness. Several cancer cell stemness markers, such as ABCG2, OCT-4, CD133, ALDH1, CD9, MRP1 and connexin were upregulated in mortalin-overexpressing cells that showed higher ability to form spheroids. These cells also showed higher migration, and were less responsive to a variety of cancer chemotherapeutic drugs. Of note, knockdown of mortalin by specific shRNA sensitized these cells to all the drugs used in this study. We report that low doses of anti-mortalin molecules, MKT-077 and CAPE, also caused similar sensitization of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drugs and hence are potential candidates for effective cancer chemotherapy.
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42
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Kerkhofs M, Giorgi C, Marchi S, Seitaj B, Parys JB, Pinton P, Bultynck G, Bittremieux M. Alterations in Ca 2+ Signalling via ER-Mitochondria Contact Site Remodelling in Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 997:225-254. [PMID: 28815534 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-4567-7_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inter-organellar contact sites establish microdomains for localised Ca2+-signalling events. One of these microdomains is established between the ER and the mitochondria. Importantly, the so-called mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs) contain, besides structural proteins and proteins involved in lipid exchange, several Ca2+-transport systems, mediating efficient Ca2+ transfer from the ER to the mitochondria. These Ca2+ signals critically control several mitochondrial functions, thereby impacting cell metabolism, cell death and survival, proliferation and migration. Hence, the MAMs have emerged as critical signalling hubs in physiology, while their dysregulation is an important factor that drives or at least contributes to oncogenesis and tumour progression. In this book chapter, we will provide an overview of the role of the MAMs in cell function and how alterations in the MAM composition contribute to oncogenic features and behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn Kerkhofs
- Laboratory Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Kanker Instituut (LKI), KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N 1 Box 802, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Saverio Marchi
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Bruno Seitaj
- Laboratory Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Kanker Instituut (LKI), KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N 1 Box 802, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan B Parys
- Laboratory Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Kanker Instituut (LKI), KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N 1 Box 802, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Geert Bultynck
- Laboratory Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Kanker Instituut (LKI), KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N 1 Box 802, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Mart Bittremieux
- Laboratory Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Kanker Instituut (LKI), KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N 1 Box 802, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
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43
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Wu J, Liu T, Rios Z, Mei Q, Lin X, Cao S. Heat Shock Proteins and Cancer. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2016; 38:226-256. [PMID: 28012700 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 423] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) constitute a large family of proteins involved in protein folding and maturation whose expression is induced by heat shock or other stressors. The major groups are classified based on their molecular weights and include HSP27, HSP40, HSP60, HSP70, HSP90, and large HSPs. HSPs play a significant role in cellular proliferation, differentiation, and carcinogenesis. In this article we comprehensively review the roles of major HSPs in cancer biology and pharmacology. HSPs are thought to play significant roles in the molecular mechanisms leading to cancer development and metastasis. HSPs may also have potential clinical uses as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, for assessing disease progression, or as therapeutic targets for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Tuoen Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lewisburg, WV 24901, USA.
| | - Zechary Rios
- University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Qibing Mei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Xiukun Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Shousong Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China.
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