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Kuramarohit S, Yaourtis AM, Nguyen A, Wood ML, Levina A, Lay PA. Anti-Migratory and Cytotoxic Activities of [Ga(8-hydroxyquinolinato) 3 ]: Roles of Endogenous Cu(II) and Drug-Induced Phenotypic Changes. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203323. [PMID: 37385951 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
As shown by IncuCyte Zoom imaging proliferation assays, invasive triple-negative human breast MDA-MB-231 cancer cells treated with sub-toxic doses (5.0-20 μM, 72 h) of [GaQ3 ] (Q=8-hydroxyquinolinato) caused profound morphological changes and inhibition of cell migration, which were likely due to terminal cell differentiation or similar phenotypical change. This is the first demonstration of potential use of a metal complex in differentiation anti-cancer therapy. Additionally, a trace amount of Cu(II) (0.20 μM) added to the medium dramatically increased [GaQ3 ] cytotoxicity (IC50 ~2 μM, 72 h) due to its partial dissociation and the action of the HQ ligand as a Cu(II) ionophore, as shown with electrospray mass spectrometry and fluorescence spectroscopy assays in the medium. Hence, cytotoxicity of [GaQ3 ] is strongly linked to ligand binding of essential metal ions in the medium, for example, Cu(II). Appropriate delivery mechanisms of such complexes and their ligands could enable a powerful new triple therapeutic approach for cancer chemotherapy, including cytotoxicity against primary tumour, arrest of metastases, and activation of innate and adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serene Kuramarohit
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - Andria M Yaourtis
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Annie Nguyen
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Michelle L Wood
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Sydney Analytical, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Aviva Levina
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Peter A Lay
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Sydney Analytical, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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2
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Almansa-Gómez S, Prieto-Ruiz F, Cansado J, Madrid M. Autophagy Modulation as a Potential Therapeutic Strategy in Osteosarcoma: Current Insights and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13827. [PMID: 37762129 PMCID: PMC10531374 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, the process that enables the recycling and degradation of cellular components, is essential for homeostasis, which occurs in response to various types of stress. Autophagy plays an important role in the genesis and evolution of osteosarcoma (OS). The conventional treatment of OS has limitations and is not always effective at controlling the disease. Therefore, numerous researchers have analyzed how controlling autophagy could be used as a treatment or strategy to reverse resistance to therapy in OS. They highlight how the inhibition of autophagy improves the efficacy of chemotherapeutic treatments and how the promotion of autophagy could prove positive in OS therapy. The modulation of autophagy can also be directed against OS stem cells, improving treatment efficacy and preventing cancer recurrence. Despite promising findings, future studies are needed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of autophagy and its relationship to OS, as well as the mechanisms underlying the functioning of autophagic modulators. Careful evaluation is required as autophagy modulation may have adverse effects on normal cells, and the optimization of autophagic modulators for use as drugs in OS is imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - José Cansado
- Yeast Physiology Group, Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (S.A.-G.); (F.P.-R.)
| | - Marisa Madrid
- Yeast Physiology Group, Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (S.A.-G.); (F.P.-R.)
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3
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Murti K, Fender H, Glatzle C, Wismer R, Sampere-Birlanga S, Wild V, Muhammad K, Rosenwald A, Serfling E, Avots A. Calcineurin-independent NFATc1 signaling is essential for survival of Burkitt lymphoma cells. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1205788. [PMID: 37546418 PMCID: PMC10403262 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1205788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In Burkitt lymphoma (BL), a tumor of germinal center B cells, the pro-apoptotic properties of MYC are controlled by tonic B cell receptor (BCR) signals. Since BL cells do not exhibit constitutive NF-κB activity, we hypothesized that anti-apoptotic NFATc1 proteins provide a major transcriptional survival signal in BL. Here we show that post-transcriptional mechanisms are responsible for the calcineurin (CN) independent constitutive nuclear over-expression of NFATc1 in BL and Eµ-MYC - induced B cell lymphomas (BCL). Conditional inactivation of the Nfatc1 gene in B cells of Eµ-MYC mice leads to apoptosis of BCL cells in vivo and ex vivo. Inhibition of BCR/SYK/BTK/PI3K signals in BL cells results in cytosolic re-location of NFATc1 and apoptosis. Therefore, NFATc1 activity is an integrated part of tonic BCR signaling and an alternative target for therapeutic intervention in BL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Andris Avots
- *Correspondence: Edgar Serfling, ; Andris Avots,
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4
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Low-dimensional compounds containing bioactive ligands. Part XXI: Crystal structures, cytotoxic, antimicrobial activities and BSA binding of zinc complexes with 5-chloro-7-nitro-8-hydroxyquinoline. Polyhedron 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2023.116347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
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The gallium complex KP46 sensitizes resistant leukemia cells and overcomes Bcl-2-induced multidrug resistance in lymphoma cells via upregulation of Harakiri and downregulation of XIAP in vitro. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113974. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Gallium(III) Complex with Cloxyquin Ligands Induces Ferroptosis in Cancer Cells and Is a Potent Agent against Both Differentiated and Tumorigenic Cancer Stem Rhabdomyosarcoma Cells. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2022; 2022:3095749. [PMID: 35502218 PMCID: PMC9056256 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3095749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, gallium(III) complex with cloxyquin (5-chloro-8-quinolinol, HClQ) ligands is shown to effectively inhibit proliferation of rhabdomyosarcoma cells, the frequent, aggressive, and poorly treatable cancer of children. It offers striking selectivity to cancer cells compared to noncancerous human fibroblasts. The data reveal that the complex induces ferroptosis in rhabdomyosarcoma cells, likely due to interfering with iron metabolism. Importantly, it can kill both bulk and stem rhabdomyosarcoma cells. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first compound based on metal other than Fe capable of inducing ferroptosis in cancer cells.
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Enhanced antitumor effect of L-buthionine sulfoximine or ionizing radiation by copper complexes with 2,2´-biquinoline and sulfonamides on A549 2D and 3D lung cancer cell models. J Biol Inorg Chem 2022; 27:329-343. [PMID: 35247094 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-022-01933-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Two ternary copper(II) complexes with 2,2'-biquinoline (BQ) and with sulfonamides: sulfamethazine (SMT) or sulfaquinoxaline (SDQ) whose formulae are Cu(SMT)(BQ)Cl and Cu(SDQ)(BQ)Cl·CH3OH, in what follows SMTCu and SDQCu, respectively, induced oxidative stress by increasing ROS level from 1.0 μM and the reduction potential of the couple GSSG/GSH2. The co-treatment with L-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), which inhibits the production of GSH, enhanced the effect of copper complexes on tumor cell viability and on oxidative damage. Both complexes generated DNA strand breaks given by-at least partially-the oxidation of pyrimidine bases, which caused the arrest of the cell cycle in the G2/M phase. These phenomena triggered processes of apoptosis proven by activation of caspase 3 and externalization of phosphatidylserine and loss of cell integrity from 1.0 μM. The combination with BSO induced a marked increase in the apoptotic population. On the other hand, an improved cell proliferation effect was observed when combining SDQCu with a radiation dose of 2 Gy from 1.0 μM or with 6 Gy from 1.5 μM. Finally, studies in multicellular spheroids demonstrated that even though copper(II) complexes did not inhibit cell invasion in collagen gels up to 48 h of treatment at the higher concentrations, multicellular resistance outperformed several drugs currently used in cancer treatment. Overall, our results reveal an antitumor effect of both complexes in monolayer and multicellular spheroids and an improvement with the addition of BSO. However, only SDQCu was the best adjuvant of ionizing radiation treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin‐Xin Peng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Chengfu Road 292, Haidian district Beijing 100871 R. P. China
| | - Song Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Chengfu Road 292, Haidian district Beijing 100871 R. P. China
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory Shantou 515031 P. R. China
- Spin-X Institute, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510641 P. R. China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials Guangzhou 510641 P. R. China
| | - Jun‐Long Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Chengfu Road 292, Haidian district Beijing 100871 R. P. China
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory Shantou 515031 P. R. China
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Evans A, Kavanagh KA. Evaluation of metal-based antimicrobial compounds for the treatment of bacterial pathogens. J Med Microbiol 2021; 70:001363. [PMID: 33961541 PMCID: PMC8289199 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the greatest global health challenges of modern times and its prevalence is rising worldwide. AMR within bacteria reduces the efficacy of antibiotics and increases both the morbidity and the mortality associated with bacterial infections. Despite this growing risk, few antibiotics with a novel mode of action are being produced, leading to a lack of antibiotics that can effectively treat bacterial infections with AMR. Metals have a history of antibacterial use but upon the discovery of antibiotics, often became overlooked as antibacterial agents. Meanwhile, metal-based complexes have been used as treatments for other diseases, such as the gold-containing drug auranofin, used to treat rheumatoid arthritis. Metal-based antibacterial compounds have novel modes of action that provide an advantage for the treatment of bacterial infections with resistance to conventional antibiotics. In this review, the antibacterial activity, mode of action, and potential for systemic use of a number of metal-based antibacterial complexes are discussed. The current limitations of these compounds are highlighted to determine if metal-based agents are a potential solution for the treatment of bacterial infections, especially those resistant to conventional antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andris Evans
- SSPC Pharma Research Centre, Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Kevin A. Kavanagh
- SSPC Pharma Research Centre, Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Co. Kildare, Ireland
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10
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Ma N, Yan Z. Research Progress of Thermosensitive Hydrogel in Tumor Therapeutic. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2021; 16:42. [PMID: 33665739 PMCID: PMC7933296 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-021-03502-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Compared with traditional tumor therapy strategies, hydrogel as a drug reservoir system can realize on-demand drug release and deep tissue penetration ability. It also exhibits great tumor-site retention to enhance the permeability and retention effect of tumor treatment. This can significantly overcome the drug's resistance and severe side effects. Inorganic/organic composite hydrogel has attracted wide attention due to its combined effects, enhancing therapeutic effects against various kinds of tumors. In situ injectable hydrogel can securely restrict the drugs in the lesion sites without leakage and guarantee better biosafety. Moreover, hydrogel possesses interconnected macropores which can provide enough space for nutrient transport, cellular activity, and cell-cell interactions. Thermal therapy is an effective strategy for tumor therapy due to its minimal invasiveness and high selectivity. Because the location temperature can be precisely controlled and helps avoid the risks of destroying the body's immune system and ablate normal cells, thermal therapy exhibits significant treatment outcomes. Nonetheless, when the cellular temperature reaches approximately 43 °C, it causes long-term cell inactivation. Based on these merits, thermosensitive hydrogel formulation with adaptive functions shows excellent efficacy, unlimited tissue penetration capacity, and few deleterious side effects. Furthermore, the thermosensitive hydrogel has unique physical properties under the external stimuli, which is the ideal drug delivery system for on-demand release in tumor treatment. This article will review the state of the thermosensitive hydrogel in clinic application for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian Ma
- The People's Hospital of Danyang, Affiliated Danyang Hospital of Nantong University, Danyang, 212300, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhihui Yan
- The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, No.62, Huaihai Road (S.), Huai'an, 223002, China.
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Aliabadi A, Hakimi M, Hosseinabadi F, Motieiyan E, Rodrigues VHN, Ghadermazi M, Marabello D, Abdolmaleki S. Investigation of X-ray crystal structure and in vitro cytotoxicity of two Ga(III) complexes containing pyridine dicarboxylic acid derivatives and 2-aminobenzimidazole. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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12
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Dinhof C, Pirker C, Kroiss P, Kirchhofer D, Gabler L, Gojo J, Lötsch-Gojo D, Stojanovic M, Timelthaler G, Ferk F, Knasmüller S, Reisecker J, Spiegl-Kreinecker S, Birner P, Preusser M, Berger W. p53 Loss Mediates Hypersensitivity to ETS Transcription Factor Inhibition Based on PARylation-Mediated Cell Death Induction. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113205. [PMID: 33143299 PMCID: PMC7693367 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary ETS transcription factors are potent oncogenic drivers in several cancer types and represent promising therapeutic targets. However, molecular factors influencing response to ETS factor inhibition are widely unknown so far. Here, we uncover that sensitivity of cancer cells against ETS factor blockade by the small molecule inhibitor YK-4-279 is strongly promoted by p53 loss in a MAPK-driven background. Induction of a parthanatos-like cell death based on a deregulated MAPK/ETS1/p53/PARP1 signal axis is identified as underlying molecular mechanism. Hence, this study suggests a novel and biomarker-driven therapeutic strategy for p53-deleted tumours, generally known for their profound therapy resistance. Abstract The small-molecule E26 transformation-specific (ETS) factor inhibitor YK-4-279 was developed for therapy of ETS/EWS fusion-driven Ewing’s sarcoma. Here we aimed to identify molecular factors underlying YK-4-279 responsiveness in ETS fusion-negative cancers. Cell viability screenings that deletion of P53 induced hypersensitization against YK-4-279 especially in the BRAFV600E-mutated colon cancer model RKO. This effect was comparably minor in the BRAF wild-type HCT116 colon cancer model. Out of all ETS transcription factor family members, especially ETS1 overexpression at mRNA and protein level was induced by deletion of P53 specifically under BRAF-mutated conditions. Exposure to YK-4-279 reverted ETS1 upregulation induced by P53 knock-out in RKO cells. Despite upregulation of p53 by YK-4-279 itself in RKOp53 wild-type cells, YK-4-279-mediated hyperphosphorylation of histone histone H2A.x was distinctly more pronounced in the P53 knock-out background. YK-4-279-induced cell death in RKOp53-knock-out cells involved hyperPARylation of PARP1, translocation of the apoptosis-inducible factor AIF into nuclei, and induction of mitochondrial membrane depolarization, all hallmarks of parthanatos. Accordingly, pharmacological PARP as well as BRAFV600E inhibition showed antagonistic activity with YK-4-279 especially in the P53 knock-out background. Taken together, we identified ETS factor inhibition as a promising strategy for the treatment of notoriously therapy-resistant p53-null solid tumours with activating MAPK mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Dinhof
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (C.D.); (C.P.); (P.K.); (D.K.); (L.G.); (D.L.-G.); (M.S.); (G.T.); (F.F.); (S.K.); (J.R.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Christine Pirker
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (C.D.); (C.P.); (P.K.); (D.K.); (L.G.); (D.L.-G.); (M.S.); (G.T.); (F.F.); (S.K.); (J.R.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Philipp Kroiss
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (C.D.); (C.P.); (P.K.); (D.K.); (L.G.); (D.L.-G.); (M.S.); (G.T.); (F.F.); (S.K.); (J.R.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Dominik Kirchhofer
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (C.D.); (C.P.); (P.K.); (D.K.); (L.G.); (D.L.-G.); (M.S.); (G.T.); (F.F.); (S.K.); (J.R.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Lisa Gabler
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (C.D.); (C.P.); (P.K.); (D.K.); (L.G.); (D.L.-G.); (M.S.); (G.T.); (F.F.); (S.K.); (J.R.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Johannes Gojo
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine and Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Lötsch-Gojo
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (C.D.); (C.P.); (P.K.); (D.K.); (L.G.); (D.L.-G.); (M.S.); (G.T.); (F.F.); (S.K.); (J.R.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mirjana Stojanovic
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (C.D.); (C.P.); (P.K.); (D.K.); (L.G.); (D.L.-G.); (M.S.); (G.T.); (F.F.); (S.K.); (J.R.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Gerald Timelthaler
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (C.D.); (C.P.); (P.K.); (D.K.); (L.G.); (D.L.-G.); (M.S.); (G.T.); (F.F.); (S.K.); (J.R.)
| | - Franziska Ferk
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (C.D.); (C.P.); (P.K.); (D.K.); (L.G.); (D.L.-G.); (M.S.); (G.T.); (F.F.); (S.K.); (J.R.)
| | - Siegfried Knasmüller
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (C.D.); (C.P.); (P.K.); (D.K.); (L.G.); (D.L.-G.); (M.S.); (G.T.); (F.F.); (S.K.); (J.R.)
| | - Johannes Reisecker
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (C.D.); (C.P.); (P.K.); (D.K.); (L.G.); (D.L.-G.); (M.S.); (G.T.); (F.F.); (S.K.); (J.R.)
| | - Sabine Spiegl-Kreinecker
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuromed Campus, Kepler University Hospital GmbH, Johannes Kepler University, 4040 Linz, Austria;
| | - Peter Birner
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Matthias Preusser
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Walter Berger
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (C.D.); (C.P.); (P.K.); (D.K.); (L.G.); (D.L.-G.); (M.S.); (G.T.); (F.F.); (S.K.); (J.R.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-(0)1-40160-57555
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Quantitative proteomic reveals gallium maltolate induces an iron-limited stress response and reduced quorum-sensing in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Biol Inorg Chem 2020; 25:1153-1165. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-020-01831-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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14
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Litecká M, Prachařová J, Kašpárková J, Brabec V, Smolková R, Gyepes R, Obuch J, Kubíček V, Potočňák I. Low-dimensional compounds containing bioactive ligands. Part XV: Antiproliferative activity of tris(5-nitro-8-quinolinolato)gallium(III) complex with noticeable selectivity against the cancerous cells. Polyhedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2020.114672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Litecká M, Hreusová M, Kašpárková J, Gyepes R, Smolková R, Obuch J, David T, Potočňák I. Low-dimensional compounds containing bioactive ligands. Part XIV: High selective antiproliferative activity of tris(5-chloro-8-quinolinolato)gallium(III) complex against human cancer cell lines. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127206. [PMID: 32354569 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Four gallium(III) complexes, [Ga(ClQ)3]⋅MeOH (1 - MeOH), [Ga(ClQ)3] (1), [Ga(BrQ)3] (2), [Ga(dIQ)3] (3) and [Ga(CQ)3] (4), were prepared (H-ClQ = 5-chloro-8-quinolinol, H-BrQ = 7-bromo-8-quinolinol, H-dIQ = 5,7-diiodo-8-quinolinol, H-CQ = 5-chloro-7-iodo-8-quinolinol) and characterised by elemental analysis, IR and NMR spectroscopy. Single crystal structure analysis of 1 - MeOH confirmed that the complex has a molecular structure with gallium(III) metal ion coordinated in mer-fashion by N- and O-donor atoms of three ClQ ligands. Stability of all complexes in DMSO was proved by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The in vitro antiproliferative activity of 1 was evaluated against the A2780, MBA-MB-231 and HCT116 cell lines. Complex 1 displays higher antiproliferative activity (IC50 values in the range 2.1-6 μm) compared to the ClQ ligand and cisplatin; and a significant selective antiproliferative potency (IC50 = 136 μm, for normal MRC5pd30 cell line). Radical scavenging experiments revealed that complex 1 exhibits the highest antioxidant activity of the prepared complexes as well as the ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslava Litecká
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, Moyzesova 11, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Monika Hreusová
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Kašpárková
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Róbert Gyepes
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Romana Smolková
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, University of Prešov, Ulica 17. novembra 1, 081 16 Prešov, Slovakia
| | - Jakub Obuch
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš David
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Potočňák
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, Moyzesova 11, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia.
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Niu J, Yan T, Guo W, Wang W, Zhao Z. Insight Into the Role of Autophagy in Osteosarcoma and Its Therapeutic Implication. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1232. [PMID: 31803616 PMCID: PMC6873391 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is an aggressive bone cancer that frequently metastasizes to the lungs. The cytotoxicity of most chemotherapeutics and targeted drugs in the treatment of osteosarcoma is partially lessened. Furthermore, there is a poor response to current chemo- and radiotherapy for both primary lesions and pulmonary metastases of osteosarcoma. There is a clear need to explore promising drug candidates that could improve the efficacy of osteosarcoma treatment. Autophagy, a dynamic and highly conserved catabolic process, has dual roles in promoting cell survival as well as cell death. The role of autophagy has been investigated extensively in different tumor types, and a growing body of research has highlighted the potential value of using autophagy in clinical therapy. Here, we address significant aspects of autophagy in osteosarcoma, including its functions, modulation, and possible therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfang Niu
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Beijing, China
| | - Taiqiang Yan
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqing Zhao
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Beijing, China
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Mo H, He J, Yuan Z, Wu Z, Liu B, Lin X, Guan J. PLK1 contributes to autophagy by regulating MYC stabilization in osteosarcoma cells. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:7527-7536. [PMID: 31571905 PMCID: PMC6750617 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s210575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background PLK1, a typical PLK protein, is the main driver of cancer cell growth and proliferation. It is an inhibitor of the protein kinases that is currently being investigated in clinical studies. It is often used as a tumor marker, as high PLK1 expression correlates with poor prognosis in cancer. Overexpression of MYC is a hallmark of many human cancers. MYC modulates the transcription of thousands of genes that required to coordinate a series of cellular processes, including those essential for growth, proliferation, differentiation, self-renewal and apoptosis. To date, functions of PLK1 and MYC on tumor are mostly studied in separate researches, and studies on their mutual crosstalk are lacking. Purpose To investigate the mechanism of PLK1 and MYC in regulating progress of osteosarcoma. Methods Protein level was examined using Western blot. Animal experiments were performed with female FOX CHASE severe combined immunodeficient mice. Mice were randomly divided into experimental or control groups. Results PLK1 or MYC promoted the proliferation of osteosarcoma cells through the autophagy pathway. PLK1 contributed to MYC protein stabilization. PLK1 inhibition enhanced MYC degradation in osteosarcoma cells. PLK1 inhibition led to a marked decline in MYC protein abundance. The representative MYC target genes were deregulated by PLK1 inhibitors. BI2536 treatment caused a significant delay in xenograft tumor growth in mice injected with U-2 OS cells subcutaneously, with lower mean tumor weight compared to the control group. Conclusion PLK1 is crucial for MYC stabilization. It promotes cell proliferation by autophagy pathway in osteosarcoma cells. Data validate PLK1 as a potential therapeutic target in osteosarcoma caused by MYC-amplified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Mo
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Juliang He
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenchao Yuan
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenjie Wu
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Lin
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Guan
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
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Luo S, Wu J, Jia Z, Tang P, Sheng J, Xie C, Liu C, Gan D, Hu D, Zheng W, Lu X. An Injectable, Bifunctional Hydrogel with Photothermal Effects for Tumor Therapy and Bone Regeneration. Macromol Biosci 2019; 19:e1900047. [PMID: 31318163 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201900047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Luo
- Department of OrthopedicsThe General Hospital of Western Theater Command Chengdu 610083 China
- School of Clinical MedicineChengdu Medical CollegeChengdu 610500 China
| | - Juan Wu
- Department of PharmacyThe General Hospital of Western Theater Command Chengdu 610083 China
| | - Zhanrong Jia
- Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of MaterialsMinistry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthwest Jiaotong University Chengdu 610031 China
| | - Pengfei Tang
- Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of MaterialsMinistry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthwest Jiaotong University Chengdu 610031 China
| | - Jun Sheng
- Department of OrthopedicsThe General Hospital of Western Theater Command Chengdu 610083 China
| | - Chaoming Xie
- Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of MaterialsMinistry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthwest Jiaotong University Chengdu 610031 China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of OrthopedicsThe General Hospital of Western Theater Command Chengdu 610083 China
| | - Donglin Gan
- Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of MaterialsMinistry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthwest Jiaotong University Chengdu 610031 China
| | - Dong Hu
- Department of OrthopedicsThe General Hospital of Western Theater Command Chengdu 610083 China
- School of Clinical MedicineChengdu Medical CollegeChengdu 610500 China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of OrthopedicsThe General Hospital of Western Theater Command Chengdu 610083 China
| | - Xiong Lu
- Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of MaterialsMinistry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthwest Jiaotong University Chengdu 610031 China
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Pötsch I, Baier D, Keppler BK, Berger W. Challenges and Chances in the Preclinical to Clinical Translation of Anticancer Metallodrugs. METAL-BASED ANTICANCER AGENTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/9781788016452-00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Despite being “sentenced to death” for quite some time, anticancer platinum compounds are still the most frequently prescribed cancer therapies in the oncological routine and recent exciting news from late-stage clinical studies on combinations of metallodrugs with immunotherapies suggest that this situation will not change soon. It is perhaps surprising that relatively simple molecules like cisplatin, discovered over 50 years ago, are still widely used clinically, while none of the highly sophisticated metal compounds developed over the last decade, including complexes with targeting ligands and multifunctional (nano)formulations, have managed to obtain clinical approval. In this book chapter, we summarize the current status of ongoing clinical trials for anticancer metal compounds and discuss the reasons for previous failures, as well as new opportunities for the clinical translation of metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Pötsch
- University of Vienna, Department of Inorganic Chemistry Währingerstrasse Vienna 1090 Austria
- Medical University of Vienna, Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine I Borschkegasse 8a 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Dina Baier
- University of Vienna, Department of Inorganic Chemistry Währingerstrasse Vienna 1090 Austria
- Medical University of Vienna, Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine I Borschkegasse 8a 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Bernhard K. Keppler
- University of Vienna, Department of Inorganic Chemistry Währingerstrasse Vienna 1090 Austria
| | - Walter Berger
- Medical University of Vienna, Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine I Borschkegasse 8a 1090 Vienna Austria
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Camuzard O, Santucci-Darmanin S, Carle GF, Pierrefite-Carle V. Role of autophagy in osteosarcoma. J Bone Oncol 2019; 16:100235. [PMID: 31011524 PMCID: PMC6460301 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2019.100235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone tumour in children and adolescents. It is a highly aggressive tumor with a tendency to spread to the lungs, which are the most common site of metastasis. Advanced osteosarcoma patients with metastasis share a poor prognosis. Despite the use of chemotherapy to treat OS, the 5-year overall survival rate for patients has remained unchanged at 65–70% for the past 20 years. In addition, the 5-year survival of patients with a metastatic disease is around 20%, highlighting the need for novel therapeutic targets. Autophagy is an intracellular degradation process which eliminates and recycles damaged proteins and organelles to improve cell lifespan. In the context of cancer, numerous studies have demonstrated that autophagy is used by tumor cells to repress initial steps of carcinogenesis and/or support the survival and growth of established tumors. In osteosarcoma, autophagy appears to be deregulated and could also act both as a pro or anti-tumoral process. In this manuscript, we aim to review these major findings regarding the role of autophagy in osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Camuzard
- UMR E-4320 TIRO-MATOs CEA/DRF/BIAM, Faculté de Médecine Nice, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Avenue de Valombrose, 06107 Nice Cédex 2, France.,Service de Chirurgie Réparatrice et de la Main, CHU de Nice, Nice, France
| | - Sabine Santucci-Darmanin
- UMR E-4320 TIRO-MATOs CEA/DRF/BIAM, Faculté de Médecine Nice, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Avenue de Valombrose, 06107 Nice Cédex 2, France
| | - Georges F Carle
- UMR E-4320 TIRO-MATOs CEA/DRF/BIAM, Faculté de Médecine Nice, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Avenue de Valombrose, 06107 Nice Cédex 2, France
| | - Valérie Pierrefite-Carle
- UMR E-4320 TIRO-MATOs CEA/DRF/BIAM, Faculté de Médecine Nice, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Avenue de Valombrose, 06107 Nice Cédex 2, France
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21
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de la Fuente A, Kramer S, Mohr N, Pektor S, Klasen B, Bausbacher N, Miederer M, Zentel R, Rösch F. 68Ga[Ga]-, 111In[In]-oxine: a novel strategy of in situ radiolabeling of HPMA-based micelles. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING 2019; 9:67-83. [PMID: 30911437 PMCID: PMC6420711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric micelles are of increasing interest as drug delivery vehicles since they can accumulate in tumor tissue through EPR effect and deliver their hydrophobic cargo. The pharmacology can be visualized and quantified noninvasively by molecular imaging techniques. Here, a novel, fast and efficient technique for radiolabeling various HPMA-LMA based micellar aggregates with hydrophobic oxine-complexes of the trivalent radiometals 68Ga and 111In was investigated. The radiometal-oxine complexes resemble the hydrophobic drug 111In[In]-oxine considered for the diagnosis of infection and inflammation. Promising in vitro stability lead to in vivo evaluation in healthy mice in terms of quantitative ex vivo organ distribution. The results show that while the hydrophobic radiometal-oxine complexes were safely encapsulated in aqueous saline, they left the polymeric micelles slowly in contact with blood serum and more rapidly in vivo. Due to the similarity between the radiometal complexes and hydrophobic drugs transported in the polymeric micelles this has significant implications for further strategies on transport mechanisms of hydrophobically encapsulated drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana de la Fuente
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-UniversityFritz-Straßmann-Weg 2, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Stefan Kramer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-UniversityDuesbergweg 10-14, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Nicole Mohr
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-UniversityDuesbergweg 10-14, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Stefanie Pektor
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Centre Johannes Gutenberg-UniversityLangenbeckstrasse 1, Mainz 55131, Germany
| | - Benedikt Klasen
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-UniversityFritz-Straßmann-Weg 2, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Nicole Bausbacher
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Centre Johannes Gutenberg-UniversityLangenbeckstrasse 1, Mainz 55131, Germany
| | - Matthias Miederer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Centre Johannes Gutenberg-UniversityLangenbeckstrasse 1, Mainz 55131, Germany
| | - Rudolf Zentel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-UniversityDuesbergweg 10-14, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Frank Rösch
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-UniversityFritz-Straßmann-Weg 2, Mainz 55128, Germany
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Havrylyuk D, Howerton BS, Nease L, Parkin S, Heidary DK, Glazer EC. Structure-activity relationships of anticancer ruthenium(II) complexes with substituted hydroxyquinolines. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 156:790-799. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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23
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Sengupta P, Raman S, Chowdhury R, Lohitesh K, Saini H, Mukherjee S, Paul A. Evaluation of Apoptosis and Autophagy Inducing Potential of Berberis aristata, Azadirachta indica, and Their Synergistic Combinations in Parental and Resistant Human Osteosarcoma Cells. Front Oncol 2017; 7:296. [PMID: 29312880 PMCID: PMC5732233 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a multifactorial disease and hence can be effectively overcome by a multi-constituently therapeutic strategy. Medicinal plant extracts represent a perfect example of such stratagem. However, minimal studies have been done till date that portray the effect of extraction techniques on the phyto-constituent profile of plant extracts and its impact on anticancer activity. In the present study, we have evaluated the anticancer potential of methanolic extracts of Berberis aristata root and Azadirachta indica seeds prepared by various extraction techniques in human osteosarcoma (HOS) cells. Soxhlation extract of B. aristata (BAM-SX) and sonication extract of A. indica (AIM-SO) were most effective in inducing apoptosis in parental drug sensitive, as well as resistant cell type developed by repeated drug exposure. Generation of reactive oxygen species and cell cycle arrest preceded caspase-mediated apoptosis in HOS cells. Interestingly, inhibition of autophagy enhanced cell death suggesting the cytoprotective role of autophagy. Combination studies of different methanolic extracts of BAM and AIM were performed, among which, the combination of BAM-SO and AIM-SO (BAAISO) was found to show synergism (IC50 10.27 µg/ml) followed by combination of BAM-MC and AIM-MC (BAAIMC) with respect to other combinations in the ratio of 1:1. BAAISO also showed synergism when it was added to cisplatin-resistant HOS cells (HCR). Chromatographic profiling of BAM-SX and AIM-SO by high performance thin layer chromatography resulted in identification of berberine (Rf 0.55), palmitine (Rf 0.50) in BAM-SX and azadirachtin A (Rf 0.36), azadirachtin B (Rf 0.56), nimbin (Rf 0.80), and nimbolide (Rf 0.43) in AIM-SO. The cytotoxic sensitivity obtained can be attributed to the above compounds. Our results highlight the importance of extraction technique and subsequent mechanism of action of multi-constituential B. aristata and A. indica against both sensitive and drug refractory HOS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pracheta Sengupta
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, India
| | - Sukanya Raman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, India
| | - Rajdeep Chowdhury
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, India
| | - K Lohitesh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, India
| | - Heena Saini
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, India
| | - Sudeshna Mukherjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, India
| | - Atish Paul
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, India
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