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Liao H, Zhang C, Wang F, Jin F, Zhao Q, Wang X, Wang S, Gao J. Tumor-derived extracellular vesicle proteins as new biomarkers and targets in precision oncology. J Mol Med (Berl) 2024; 102:961-971. [PMID: 38814362 PMCID: PMC11269371 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-024-02452-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important carriers of signaling molecules, such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids, and have become a focus of increasing interest due to their numerous physiological and pathological functions. For a long time, most studies on EV components focused on noncoding RNAs; however, in recent years, extracellular vesicle proteins (EVPs) have been found to play important roles in diagnosis, treatment, and drug resistance and thus have been considered favorable biomarkers and therapeutic targets for various tumors. In this review, we describe the general protocols of research on EVPs and summarize their multifaceted roles in precision medicine applications, including cancer diagnosis, dynamic monitoring of therapeutic efficacy, drug resistance research, tumor microenvironment interaction research, and anticancer drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Liao
- Department of Oncology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research, Cancer Institute, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen-Peking University-Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Fen Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research, Cancer Institute, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen-Peking University-Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Feng Jin
- Department of Oncology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research, Cancer Institute, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen-Peking University-Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiqi Zhao
- Chi Biotech Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Shubin Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research, Cancer Institute, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen-Peking University-Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Oncology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research, Cancer Institute, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen-Peking University-Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China.
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2
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Deng NH, Tian Z, Zou YJ, Quan SB. E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM31: A potential therapeutic target. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116846. [PMID: 38850648 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination is a key mechanism for post-translational protein modification, affecting protein localization, metabolism, degradation and various cellular physiological processes. Dysregulation of ubiquitination is associated with the pathogenesis of various diseases, such as tumors and cardiovascular diseases, making it a primary area of interest in biochemical research and drug development endeavors. E3 ubiquitin ligases play a pivotal role in modulating the ubiquitination of substrate proteins through their unique recognition functions. TRIM31, a member of the TRIM family of E3 ubiquitin ligases, is aberrantly expressed in different pathophysiological conditions. The biological function of TRIM31 is associated with the occurrence and development of diverse diseases. TRIM31 has been demonstrated to inhibit inflammation by promoting ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated degradation of the sensing protein NLRP3 in the inflammasome. TRIM31 mediates ubiquitination of MAVS, inducing the formation of prion-like aggregates, and triggering innate antiviral immune responses. TRIM31 is also implicated in tumor pathophysiology through its ability to promote ubiquitination of the tumor suppressor protein p53. These findings indicate that TRIM31 is a potential therapeutic target, and subsequent in-depth research of TRIM31 is anticipated to provide information on its clinical application in therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian-Hua Deng
- The Affiliated Dongguan Songshan Lake Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523326, PR China
| | - Zhen Tian
- The Affiliated Dongguan Songshan Lake Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523326, PR China
| | - Ying-Jiao Zou
- Medical Technology Center, Shilong Town Community Health Service Center, Dongguan, Guangdong 523326, PR China
| | - Shou-Bo Quan
- The Affiliated Dongguan Songshan Lake Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523326, PR China.
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3
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Lavi Arab F, Hoseinzadeh A, Hafezi F, Sadat Mohammadi F, Zeynali F, Hadad Tehran M, Rostami A. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes for management of prostate cancer: An updated view. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 134:112171. [PMID: 38701539 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer represents the second most prevalent form of cancer found in males, and stands as the fifth primary contributor to cancer-induced mortality on a global scale. Research has shown that transplanted mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can migrate by homing to tumor sites in the body. In prostate cancer, researchers have explored the fact that MSC-based therapies (including genetically modified delivery vehicles or vectors) and MSC-derived exosomes are emerging as attractive options to improve the efficacy and safety of traditional cancer therapies. In addition, researchers have reported new insights into the application of extracellular vesicle (EV)-MSC therapy as a novel treatment option that could provide a more effective and targeted approach to prostate cancer treatment. Moreover, the new generation of exosomes, which contain biologically functional molecules as signal transducers between cells, can simultaneously deliver different therapeutic agents and induce an anti-tumor phenotype in immune cells and their recruitment to the tumor site. The results of the current research on the use of MSCs in the treatment of prostate cancer may be helpful to researchers and clinicians working in this field. Nevertheless, it is crucial to emphasize that although dual-role MSCs show promise as a therapeutic modality for managing prostate cancer, further investigation is imperative to comprehensively grasp their safety and effectiveness. Ongoing clinical trials are being conducted to assess the viability of MSCs in the management of prostate cancer. The results of these trials will help determine the viability of this approach. Based on the current literature, engineered MSCs-EV offer great potential for application in targeted tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Lavi Arab
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Akram Hoseinzadeh
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.; Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Hafezi
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sadat Mohammadi
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farid Zeynali
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Melika Hadad Tehran
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirreza Rostami
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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4
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Díaz del Arco C, Fernández Aceñero MJ, Ortega Medina L. Liquid biopsy for gastric cancer: Techniques, applications, and future directions. World J Gastroenterol 2024; 30:1680-1705. [PMID: 38617733 PMCID: PMC11008373 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i12.1680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
After the study of circulating tumor cells in blood through liquid biopsy (LB), this technique has evolved to encompass the analysis of multiple materials originating from the tumor, such as nucleic acids, extracellular vesicles, tumor-educated platelets, and other metabolites. Additionally, research has extended to include the examination of samples other than blood or plasma, such as saliva, gastric juice, urine, or stool. LB techniques are diverse, intricate, and variable. They must be highly sensitive, and pre-analytical, patient, and tumor-related factors significantly influence the detection threshold, diagnostic method selection, and potential results. Consequently, the implementation of LB in clinical practice still faces several challenges. The potential applications of LB range from early cancer detection to guiding targeted therapy or immunotherapy in both early and advanced cancer cases, monitoring treatment response, early identification of relapses, or assessing patient risk. On the other hand, gastric cancer (GC) is a disease often diagnosed at advanced stages. Despite recent advances in molecular understanding, the currently available treatment options have not substantially improved the prognosis for many of these patients. The application of LB in GC could be highly valuable as a non-invasive method for early diagnosis and for enhancing the management and outcomes of these patients. In this comprehensive review, from a pathologist's perspective, we provide an overview of the main options available in LB, delve into the fundamental principles of the most studied techniques, explore the potential utility of LB application in the context of GC, and address the obstacles that need to be overcome in the future to make this innovative technique a game-changer in cancer diagnosis and treatment within clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Díaz del Arco
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid 28040, Spain
- Department of Legal Medicine, Psychiatry and Pathology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - M Jesús Fernández Aceñero
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid 28040, Spain
- Department of Legal Medicine, Psychiatry and Pathology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Luis Ortega Medina
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid 28040, Spain
- Department of Legal Medicine, Psychiatry and Pathology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
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5
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Guan XL, Guan XY, Zhang ZY. Roles and application of exosomes in the development, diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:630-642. [PMID: 38577463 PMCID: PMC10989387 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i3.630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
As important messengers of intercellular communication, exosomes can regulate local and distant cellular communication by transporting specific exosomal contents and can also promote or suppress the development and progression of gastric cancer (GC) by regulating the growth and proliferation of tumor cells, the tumor-related immune response and tumor angiogenesis. Exosomes transport bioactive molecules including DNA, proteins, and RNA (coding and noncoding) from donor cells to recipient cells, causing reprogramming of the target cells. In this review, we will describe how exosomes regulate the cellular immune response, tumor angiogenesis, proliferation and metastasis of GC cells, and the role and mechanism of exosome-based therapy in human cancer. We will also discuss the potential application value of exosomes as biomarkers in the diagnosis and treatment of GC and their relationship with drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Guan
- Department of General Medicine, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu Province, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Guan
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu Province, China
| | - Zheng-Yi Zhang
- Department of General Medicine, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu Province, China
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Wang M, Shu H, Cheng X, Xiao H, Jin Z, Yao N, Mao S, Zong Z. Exosome as a crucial communicator between tumor microenvironment and gastric cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 2024; 64:28. [PMID: 38240092 PMCID: PMC10836496 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2024.5616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignancies and has relatively high morbidity and mortality rates. Exosomes are nanoscale extracellular vesicles that originate from a diverse array of cells and may be found throughout various bodily fluids. These vesicles are endogenous nanocarriers in their natural state with the unique ability to transport lipids, proteins, DNA and RNA. Exosomes contain DNA, RNA, proteins, lipids and other bioactive components that have crucial roles in the transmission of information and regulation of cell activities in gastric cancer. This paper begins with an exploration of the composition, formation and release mechanisms of exosomes. Subsequently, the role of exosomes in the tumor microenvironment is reviewed in terms of the immune cell population, nonimmune cell population and other factors. Finally, the current status and challenges of exosome‑based research on the progression, diagnosis and therapeutic methods of gastric cancer are summarized. This holistic review offers insight that may guide future research directions for exosomes and potentially pave the way for novel therapeutic interventions in the management of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghui Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
- HuanKui Academy, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Hongxin Shu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xifu Cheng
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Hong Xiao
- Queen Marry College, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Zhenhua Jin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Nan Yao
- Queen Marry College, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Shengxun Mao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Zong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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Zuo Q, Xu Q, Li Z, Luo D, Peng H, Duan Z. TRIM3 inhibits colorectal cancer cell migration and lipid droplet formation by promoting FABP4 degradation. Histol Histopathol 2024; 39:239-250. [PMID: 37212515 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This study is to investigate the regulation of TRIM3/FABP4 on colorectal cancer (CRC) cell migration and lipid metabolism. After transfection of HCT116, LoVo, or SW480 cells, the expression of FABP4, TRIM3, N-cadherin, Vimentin, E-cadherin, and lipid droplet (LD) formation-related genes was measured by qRT-PCR or western blot assays. Wound healing and Transwell assays were applied to detect CRC cell migration and invasion abilities. The levels of triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) were measured and the formation of LDs was observed. Additionally, the relationship between FABP4 and TRIM3 was confirmed by Co-IP and ubiquitination assays. Furthermore, a liver metastasis model of CRC was established to explore the effect of FABP4 on CRC tumor metastasis in vivo. FABP4 was upregulated in CRC cells. Downregulation of FABP4 or upregulation of TRIM3 resulted in repressed cell migration and invasion, decreased TG and TC levels, and reduced numbers of LDs. In nude mice, knockdown of FABP4 reduced metastatic nodules in the liver. Mechanistically, TRIM3 combined FABP4 and decreased its protein expression by ubiquitination. Overexpressed FABP4 reversed the influence of TRIM3 upregulation on CRC cell migration and LD formation. In conclusion, underexpressed TRIM3 suppressed FABP4 ubiquitination and accelerated CRC cell migration and LD formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zuo
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Qimei Xu
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Dixian Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Hanwu Peng
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Zhi Duan
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, PR China.
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Schneider N, Hermann PC, Eiseler T, Seufferlein T. Emerging Roles of Small Extracellular Vesicles in Gastrointestinal Cancer Research and Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:567. [PMID: 38339318 PMCID: PMC10854789 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Discovered in the late eighties, sEVs are small extracellular nanovesicles (30-150 nm diameter) that gained increasing attention due to their profound roles in cancer, immunology, and therapeutic approaches. They were initially described as cellular waste bins; however, in recent years, sEVs have become known as important mediators of intercellular communication. They are secreted from cells in substantial amounts and exert their influence on recipient cells by signaling through cell surface receptors or transferring cargos, such as proteins, RNAs, miRNAs, or lipids. A key role of sEVs in cancer is immune modulation, as well as pro-invasive signaling and formation of pre-metastatic niches. sEVs are ideal biomarker platforms, and can be engineered as drug carriers or anti-cancer vaccines. Thus, sEVs further provide novel avenues for cancer diagnosis and treatment. This review will focus on the role of sEVs in GI-oncology and delineate their functions in cancer progression, diagnosis, and therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Schneider
- Department for Internal Medicine 1, University Clinic Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (P.C.H.); (T.S.)
| | | | - Tim Eiseler
- Correspondence: (N.S.); (T.E.); Tel.: +49-731-500-44678 (N.S.); +49-731-500-44523 (T.E.)
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Lei Y, Cai S, Zhang CD, Li YS. The biological role of extracellular vesicles in gastric cancer metastasis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1323348. [PMID: 38333593 PMCID: PMC10850573 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1323348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a tumor characterized by high incidence and mortality, with metastasis being the primary cause of poor prognosis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are an important intercellular communication medium. They contain bioactive substances such as proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. EVs play a crucial biological role in the process of GC metastasis. Through mechanisms such as remodeling the tumor microenvironment (TME), immune suppression, promoting angiogenesis, and facilitating epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and mesothelial-mesenchymal transition (MMT), EVs promote invasion and metastasis in GC. Further exploration of the biological roles of EVs will contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms underlying GC metastasis and may provide novel targets and strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of GC. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms by which EVs influence GC metastasis from four aspects: remodeling the TME, modulating the immune system, influencing angiogenesis, and modulating the processes of EMT and MMT. Finally, we briefly summarized the organotropism of GC metastasis as well as the potential and limitations of EVs in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Lei
- Department of Surgical Oncology and 8th General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Shuang Cai
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Chun-Dong Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and 8th General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yong-Shuang Li
- Department of Surgical Oncology and 8th General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Gu J, Chen J, Xiang S, Zhou X, Li J. Intricate confrontation: Research progress and application potential of TRIM family proteins in tumor immune escape. J Adv Res 2023; 54:147-179. [PMID: 36736694 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tripartite motif (TRIM) family proteins have more than 80 members and are widely found in various eukaryotic cells. Most TRIM family proteins participate in the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation system as E3-ubiquitin ligases; therefore, they play pivotal regulatory roles in the occurrence and development of tumors, including tumor immune escape. Due to the diversity of functional domains of TRIM family proteins, they can extensively participate in multiple signaling pathways of tumor immune escape through different substrates. In current research and clinical contexts, immune escape has become an urgent problem. The extensive participation of TRIM family proteins in curing tumors or preventing postoperative recurrence and metastasis makes them promising targets. AIM OF REVIEW The aim of the review is to make up for the gap in the current research on TRIM family proteins and tumor immune escape and propose future development directions according to the current progress and problems. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW This up-to-date review summarizes the characteristics and biological functions of TRIM family proteins, discusses the mechanisms of TRIM family proteins involved in tumor immune escape, and highlights the specific mechanism from the level of structure-function-molecule-pathway-phenotype, including mechanisms at the level of protein domains and functions, at the level of molecules and signaling pathways, and at the level of cells and microenvironments. We also discuss the application potential of TRIM family proteins in tumor immunotherapy, such as possible treatment strategies for combination targeting TRIM family protein drugs and checkpoint inhibitors for improving cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jingyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Shuaixi Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xikun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
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11
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Repetto O, Vettori R, Steffan A, Cannizzaro R, De Re V. Circulating Proteins as Diagnostic Markers in Gastric Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16931. [PMID: 38069253 PMCID: PMC10706891 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a highly malignant disease affecting humans worldwide and has a poor prognosis. Most GC cases are detected at advanced stages due to the cancer lacking early detectable symptoms. Therefore, there is great interest in improving early diagnosis by implementing targeted prevention strategies. Markers are necessary for early detection and to guide clinicians to the best personalized treatment. The current semi-invasive endoscopic methods to detect GC are invasive, costly, and time-consuming. Recent advances in proteomics technologies have enabled the screening of many samples and the detection of novel biomarkers and disease-related signature signaling networks. These biomarkers include circulating proteins from different fluids (e.g., plasma, serum, urine, and saliva) and extracellular vesicles. We review relevant published studies on circulating protein biomarkers in GC and detail their application as potential biomarkers for GC diagnosis. Identifying highly sensitive and highly specific diagnostic markers for GC may improve patient survival rates and contribute to advancing precision/personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ombretta Repetto
- Facility of Bio-Proteomics, Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Roberto Vettori
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (R.V.); (A.S.)
| | - Agostino Steffan
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (R.V.); (A.S.)
| | - Renato Cannizzaro
- Oncological Gastroenterology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy;
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Valli De Re
- Facility of Bio-Proteomics, Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
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12
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Wang C, Li W, Shao L, Zhou A, Zhao M, Li P, Zhang Z, Wu J. Both extracellular vesicles from helicobacter pylori-infected cells and helicobacter pylori outer membrane vesicles are involved in gastric/extragastric diseases. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:484. [PMID: 37932800 PMCID: PMC10626716 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01458-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as crucial mediators in the cross-talk between hosts and pathogens, playing a significant role in infectious diseases and cancers. Among these pathogens, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a particularly important bacterium implicated in various gastrointestinal disorders, gastric cancers, and systemic illnesses. H. pylori achieves these effects by stimulating host cells to secrete EVs and generating internal outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). The EVs derived from H. pylori-infected host cells modulate inflammatory signaling pathways, thereby affecting cell proliferation, apoptosis, cytokine release, immune cell modification, and endothelial dysfunction, as well as disrupting cellular junctional structures and inducing cytoskeletal reorganization. In addition, OMVs isolated from H. pylori play a pivotal role in shaping subsequent immunopathological responses. These vesicles incite both inflammatory and immunosuppressive reactions within the host environment, facilitating pathogen evasion of host defenses and invasion of host cells. Despite this growing understanding, research involving H. pylori-derived EVs remains in its early stages across different domains. In this comprehensive review, we present recent advancements elucidating the contributions of EV components, such as non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and proteins, to the pathogenesis of gastric and extragastric diseases. Furthermore, we highlight their potential utility as biomarkers, therapeutic targets, and vehicles for targeted delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, BeijingKey Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenkun Li
- Department of Gastroenterology National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, BeijingKey Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Linlin Shao
- Department of Gastroenterology National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, BeijingKey Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Anni Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, BeijingKey Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengran Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, BeijingKey Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, BeijingKey Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, BeijingKey Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, BeijingKey Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Guo X, Peng Y, Song Q, Wei J, Wang X, Ru Y, Xu S, Cheng X, Li X, Wu D, Chen L, Wei B, Lv X, Ji G. A Liquid Biopsy Signature for the Early Detection of Gastric Cancer in Patients. Gastroenterology 2023; 165:402-413.e13. [PMID: 36894035 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Diagnosing gastric cancer (GC) while the disease remains eligible for surgical resection is challenging. In view of this clinical challenge, novel and robust biomarkers for early detection thus improving prognosis of GC are necessary. The present study is to develop a blood-based long noncoding RNA (LR) signature for the early-detection of GC. METHODS The present 3-step study incorporated data from 2141 patients, including 888 with GC, 158 with chronic atrophic gastritis, 193 with intestinal metaplasia, 501 healthy donors, and 401 with other gastrointestinal cancers. The LR profile of stage I GC tissue samples were analyzed using transcriptomic profiling in discovery phase. The extracellular vesicle (EV)-derived LR signature was identified with a training cohort (n = 554) and validated with 2 external cohorts (n = 429 and n = 504) and a supplemental cohort (n = 69). RESULTS In discovery phase, one LR (GClnc1) was found to be up-regulated in both tissue and circulating EV samples with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.9369 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.9073-0.9664) for early-stage GC (stage I/II). The diagnostic performance of this biomarker was further confirmed in 2 external validation cohorts (Xi'an cohort, AUC: 0.8839; 95% CI: 0.8336-0.9342; Beijing cohort, AUC: 0.9018; 95% CI: 0.8597-0.9439). Moreover, EV-derived GClnc1 robustly distinguished early-stage GC from precancerous lesions (chronic atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia) and GC with negative traditional gastrointestinal biomarkers (CEA, CA72-4, and CA19-9). The low levels of this biomarker in postsurgery and other gastrointestinal tumor plasma samples indicated its GC specificity. CONCLUSIONS EV-derived GClnc1 serves as a circulating biomarker for the early detection of GC, thus providing opportunities for curative surgery and improved survival outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Guo
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; Department of Endoscopic Surgery, Air Force 986(th) Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; Department of General Surgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yunhua Peng
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiying Song
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangpeng Wei
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Ru
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shenhui Xu
- Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin Cheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaohua Li
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lubin Chen
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; Department of Endoscopic Surgery, Air Force 986(th) Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bo Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaohui Lv
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Gang Ji
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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14
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Fan S, Poetsch A. Proteomic Research of Extracellular Vesicles in Clinical Biofluid. Proteomes 2023; 11:proteomes11020018. [PMID: 37218923 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes11020018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), the lipid bilayer membranous structures of particles, are produced and released from almost all cells, including eukaryotes and prokaryotes. The versatility of EVs has been investigated in various pathologies, including development, coagulation, inflammation, immune response modulation, and cell-cell communication. Proteomics technologies have revolutionized EV studies by enabling high-throughput analysis of their biomolecules to deliver comprehensive identification and quantification with rich structural information (PTMs, proteoforms). Extensive research has highlighted variations in EV cargo depending on vesicle size, origin, disease, and other features. This fact has sparked activities to use EVs for diagnosis and treatment to ultimately achieve clinical translation with recent endeavors summarized and critically reviewed in this publication. Notably, successful application and translation require a constant improvement of methods for sample preparation and analysis and their standardization, both of which are areas of active research. This review summarizes the characteristics, isolation, and identification approaches for EVs and the recent advances in EVs for clinical biofluid analysis to gain novel knowledge by employing proteomics. In addition, the current and predicted future challenges and technical barriers are also reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipan Fan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330021, China
| | - Ansgar Poetsch
- Queen Mary School, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330021, China
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15
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David P, Mittelstädt A, Kouhestani D, Anthuber A, Kahlert C, Sohn K, Weber GF. Current Applications of Liquid Biopsy in Gastrointestinal Cancer Disease-From Early Cancer Detection to Individualized Cancer Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15071924. [PMID: 37046585 PMCID: PMC10093361 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15071924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, gastrointestinal (GI) cancers account for a significant amount of cancer-related mortality. Tests that allow an early diagnosis could lead to an improvement in patient survival. Liquid biopsies (LBs) due to their non-invasive nature as well as low risk are the current focus of cancer research and could be a promising tool for early cancer detection. LB involves the sampling of any biological fluid (e.g., blood, urine, saliva) to enrich and analyze the tumor's biological material. LBs can detect tumor-associated components such as circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), extracellular vesicles (EVs), and circulating tumor cells (CTCs). These components can reflect the status of the disease and can facilitate clinical decisions. LBs offer a unique and new way to assess cancers at all stages of treatment, from cancer screenings to prognosis to management of multidisciplinary therapies. In this review, we will provide insights into the current status of the various types of LBs enabling early detection and monitoring of GI cancers and their use in in vitro diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul David
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anke Mittelstädt
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dina Kouhestani
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anna Anthuber
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Kahlert
- Department of Surgery, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kai Sohn
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Georg F Weber
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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16
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Zhou W, Ma J, Zhao H, Wang Q, Guo X, Chen L, Cao Z, Xu J, Zhang B, Zhou X. Serum exosomes from epithelial ovarian cancer patients contain LRP1, which promotes the migration of epithelial ovarian cancer cell. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023; 22:100520. [PMID: 36842607 PMCID: PMC10113894 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a gynecological tumor with extremely high mortality and poor prognosis. Exosomes derived from tumor cells contain abundant proteins that may influence tumor metastasis. The purpose of our study was to explore the proteomic profile of serum exosomes from Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients and to find potential diagnostic markers for EOC. We obtained purified exosomes from serum using ultracentrifugation. Migration assay was used to evaluate the effects of exosomes on the migration of EOC cells. Proteomic profile of serum exosomes was analyzed by Liquid chromatogram-tande mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The level of LRP1 in serum and serum exosomes were determined by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Western blot and Immunohistochemistry were used to determine the level of LRP1 in tissues. Moreover, we performed small-interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of LRP1 in EOC cells to obtain SI-LRP1-Exos and SI-NC-Exos. The detailed mechanisms by which exosomal LRP1 affected the migration of EOC cells in vitro and in vivo were also explored. We found that serum exosomes from EOC patients contributed to the migration of EOC cells. The level of serum exosomal LRP1 of EOC patients was significantly upregulated compared with that of healthy volunteers, which was consistent with the result of ELISA. We found that exosomal LRP1 regulated the expression of MMP2 and MMP9 through ERK signaling pathway and affected the migration of EOC cells in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, we propose that exosomal LRP1 contributes to the migration of EOC and may act as an important diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China. 221004
| | - Jiachen Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China. 221004
| | - Han Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China. 221004
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China. 221004
| | - Xiaoli Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China. 221004
| | - Linna Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China. 221004
| | - Zhonghui Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China. 221004
| | - Jiahao Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China. 221004
| | - Bei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China. 221004.
| | - Xueyan Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China. 221004.
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17
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Yu J, Ostowari A, Gonda A, Mashayekhi K, Dayyani F, Hughes CCW, Senthil M. Exosomes as a Source of Biomarkers for Gastrointestinal Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041263. [PMID: 36831603 PMCID: PMC9954462 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are small, lipid-bilayer bound extracellular vesicles of 40-160 nanometers in size that carry important information for intercellular communication. Exosomes are produced more by tumor cells than normal cells and carry tumor-specific content, such as DNA, RNA, and proteins, which have been implicated in tumorigenesis, tumor progression, and treatment response. Due to the critical role of exosomes in cancer development and progression, they can be exploited to develop specific biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Since exosomes are present in various biofluids, such as blood, saliva, urine, and peritoneal fluid, they are ideally suited to be developed as liquid biopsy tools for early diagnosis, molecular profiling, disease surveillance, and treatment response monitoring. In the past decade, numerous studies have been published about the functional significance of exosomes in a wide variety of cancers, with a particular focus on exosome-derived RNAs and proteins as biomarkers. In this review, utilizing human studies on exosomes, we highlight their potential as diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers in gastrointestinal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Yu
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA 92868, USA
| | - Arsha Ostowari
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA 92868, USA
| | - Amber Gonda
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA 92868, USA
| | - Kiarash Mashayekhi
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA 92868, USA
| | - Farshid Dayyani
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA 92868, USA
| | - Christopher C. W. Hughes
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Maheswari Senthil
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA 92868, USA
- Correspondence:
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18
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Zhang H, Wang S, Sun M, Cui Y, Xing J, Teng L, Xi Z, Yang Z. Exosomes as smart drug delivery vehicles for cancer immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1093607. [PMID: 36733388 PMCID: PMC9888251 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1093607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes (Exos) as drug delivery vehicles have been widely used for cancer immunotherapy owing to their good biocompatibility, low toxicity, and low immunogenicity. Some Exos-based cancer immunotherapy strategies such as tuning of immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, immune checkpoint blockades, and cancer vaccines have also been investigated in recent years, which all showed excellent therapeutic effects for malignant tumor. Furthermore, some Exos-based drug delivery systems (DDSs) for cancer immunotherapy have also undergone clinic trails, indicating that Exos are a promising drug delivery carrier. In this review, in order to promote the development of Exos-based DDSs in cancer immunotherapy, the biogenesis and composition of Exos, and Exos as drug delivery vehicles for cancer immunotherapy are summarized. Meanwhile, their clinical translation and challenges are also discussed. We hope this review will provide a good guidance for Exos as drug delivery vehicles for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Simiao Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Man Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yaxin Cui
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianming Xing
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lesheng Teng
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhifang Xi
- School of Horticulture and Food, Guangdong Eco-Engineering Polytechnic, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Zhifang Xi, ; Zhaogang Yang,
| | - Zhaogang Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China,*Correspondence: Zhifang Xi, ; Zhaogang Yang,
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19
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Ma S, Zhou M, Xu Y, Gu X, Zou M, Abudushalamu G, Yao Y, Fan X, Wu G. Clinical application and detection techniques of liquid biopsy in gastric cancer. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:7. [PMID: 36627698 PMCID: PMC9832643 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01715-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common tumors worldwide and the leading cause of tumor-related mortality. Endoscopy and serological tumor marker testing are currently the main methods of GC screening, and treatment relies on surgical resection or chemotherapy. However, traditional examination and treatment methods are more harmful to patients and less sensitive and accurate. A minimally invasive method to respond to GC early screening, prognosis monitoring, treatment efficacy, and drug resistance situations is urgently needed. As a result, liquid biopsy techniques have received much attention in the clinical application of GC. The non-invasive liquid biopsy technique requires fewer samples, is reproducible, and can guide individualized patient treatment by monitoring patients' molecular-level changes in real-time. In this review, we introduced the clinical applications of circulating tumor cells, circulating free DNA, circulating tumor DNA, non-coding RNAs, exosomes, and proteins, which are the primary markers in liquid biopsy technology in GC. We also discuss the current limitations and future trends of liquid biopsy technology as applied to early clinical biopsy technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Ma
- grid.452290.80000 0004 1760 6316Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009 Jiangsu China ,grid.263826.b0000 0004 1761 0489Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009 Jiangsu China
| | - Meiling Zhou
- grid.452290.80000 0004 1760 6316Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009 Jiangsu China ,grid.263826.b0000 0004 1761 0489Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009 Jiangsu China
| | - Yanhua Xu
- grid.452743.30000 0004 1788 4869Department of Laboratory Medicine, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000 Jiangsu China
| | - Xinliang Gu
- grid.440642.00000 0004 0644 5481Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001 Jiangsu China
| | - Mingyuan Zou
- grid.452290.80000 0004 1760 6316Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009 Jiangsu China ,grid.263826.b0000 0004 1761 0489Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009 Jiangsu China
| | - Gulinaizhaer Abudushalamu
- grid.452290.80000 0004 1760 6316Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009 Jiangsu China ,grid.263826.b0000 0004 1761 0489Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009 Jiangsu China
| | - Yuming Yao
- grid.452290.80000 0004 1760 6316Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009 Jiangsu China ,grid.263826.b0000 0004 1761 0489Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009 Jiangsu China
| | - Xiaobo Fan
- grid.452290.80000 0004 1760 6316Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009 Jiangsu China ,grid.263826.b0000 0004 1761 0489Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009 Jiangsu China
| | - Guoqiu Wu
- grid.452290.80000 0004 1760 6316Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009 Jiangsu China ,grid.263826.b0000 0004 1761 0489Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009 Jiangsu China ,grid.263826.b0000 0004 1761 0489Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009 Jiangsu China
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20
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Roshanazadeh MR, Adelipour M, Sanaei A, Chenane H, Rashidi M. TRIM3 and TRIM16 as potential tumor suppressors in breast cancer patients. BMC Res Notes 2022; 15:312. [PMID: 36180926 PMCID: PMC9523982 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-022-06193-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Breast cancer is the leading cause of death among women in many countries. Numerous factors serve as oncogenes or tumor suppressors in breast cancer. The large family of Tripartite-motif (TRIM) proteins with ~ 80 members has drawn attention for their role in cancer. TRIM3 and TRIM16 have shown suppressive activity in different cancers. This study aimed to evaluate the expression of TRIM3 and TRIM16 in cancerous and normal breast samples and to investigate their association with different clinical and pathological parameters. Results qRT-PCR was utilized to determine the gene expression of TRIM3 and TRIM16. The expression of TRIM3 and TRIM16 genes in tumor samples were significantly reduced to 0.45 and 0.29 fold, respectively. TRIM3 and TRIM16 genes expression were both positively correlated with the invasion of breast cancer. TRIM3 gene expression was associated with tumors’ histological grade. However, no significant association was found between the expression of the genes and tumor size, stage and necrosis. The expression of TRIM3 and TRIM16 are significantly reduced in breast cancer tissues. Besides, the expression of both TRIM3 and TRIM16 genes significantly plummet in lymphatic/vascular and perineural invasive samples. Hence, we suggest a potential tumor suppressor role for TRIM3 and TRIM16 in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Roshanazadeh
- Cancer Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of clinical biochemistry, Faculty of medicine, jundishapour University of medical sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maryam Adelipour
- Department of clinical biochemistry, Faculty of medicine, jundishapour University of medical sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Arash Sanaei
- Department of clinical biochemistry, Faculty of medicine, jundishapour University of medical sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hadi Chenane
- Department of clinical biochemistry, Faculty of medicine, jundishapour University of medical sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Rashidi
- Cancer Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. .,Department of clinical biochemistry, Faculty of medicine, jundishapour University of medical sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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21
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Ma X, Ou K, Liu X, Yang L. Application progress of liquid biopsy in gastric cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:969866. [PMID: 36185234 PMCID: PMC9521037 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.969866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignant tumors globally. Guiding the individualized treatment of GC is the focus of research. Obtaining representative biological samples to study the biological characteristics of GC is the focus of diagnosis and treatment of GC. Liquid biopsy technology can use high-throughput sequencing technology to detect biological genetic information in blood. Compared with traditional tissue biopsy, liquid biopsy can determine the dynamic changes of tumor. As a noninvasive auxiliary diagnostic method, liquid biopsy can provide diagnostic and prognostic information concerning the progression of the disease. Liquid biopsy includes circulating tumor cells, circulating tumor DNA, circulating tumor RNA, tumor educated platelets, exosomes, and cytokines. This article describes the classification of liquid biopsy and its application value in the occurrence, development, and therapeutic efficacy of GC.
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22
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Yi X, Chen J, Huang D, Feng S, Yang T, Li Z, Wang X, Zhao M, Wu J, Zhong T. Current perspectives on clinical use of exosomes as novel biomarkers for cancer diagnosis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:966981. [PMID: 36119470 PMCID: PMC9472136 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.966981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are a heterogeneous subset of extracellular vesicles (EVs) that biogenesis from endosomes. Besides, exosomes contain a variety of molecular cargoes including proteins, lipids and nucleic acids, which play a key role in the mechanism of exosome formation. Meanwhile, exosomes are involved with physiological and pathological conditions. The molecular profile of exosomes reflects the type and pathophysiological status of the originating cells so could potentially be exploited for diagnostic of cancer. This review aims to describe important molecular cargoes involved in exosome biogenesis. In addition, we highlight exogenous factors, especially autophagy, hypoxia and pharmacology, that regulate the release of exosomes and their corresponding cargoes. Particularly, we also emphasize exosome molecular cargoes as potential biomarkers in liquid biopsy for diagnosis of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Yi
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Jie Chen
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Defa Huang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Shuo Feng
- English Teaching and Research Section, Gannan Healthcare Vocational College, Ganzhou, China
| | - Tong Yang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Zhengzhe Li
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxing Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Minghong Zhao
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Jiyang Wu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Tianyu Zhong
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Tianyu Zhong,
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23
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Wang S, He Y, Lu J, Wang Y, Wu X, Yan G, Fang X, Liu B. All-in-One Strategy for Downstream Molecular Profiling of Tumor-Derived Exosomes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:36341-36352. [PMID: 35916896 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c07143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In light of the significance of exosomes in cancer diagnosis and treatment, it is important to understand the components and functions of exosomes. Herein, an all-in-one strategy has been proposed for comprehensive characterization of exosomal proteins based on nanoporous TiO2 clusters acting as both an extractor for exosome isolation and a nanoreactor for downstream molecular profiling. With the improved hydrophilicity and inherent properties of TiO2, exosomes can be captured by a versatile nanodevice through the specific binding and hydrophilicity interaction synergistically. The strong concerted effect between exosomes and nanodevices ensured high efficiency and specificity of exosome isolation with high recovery and low contaminations. Meanwhile, highly efficient downstream proteomic analysis of the purified exosomes was also enabled by the nanoporous TiO2 clusters. Benefiting from the porous structure of the nanodevice, the lysed exosomal proteins are highly concentrated in the nanopore to achieve high-efficiency in situ proteolytic digestion. Therefore, the unique features of the TiO2 clusters ensured that all the complex steps about isolation and analysis of exosomes were completed efficiently in one simple nanodevice. The concept was first proved with exosomes from cell culture medium, where a high number of identified total proteins and protein groups in exosomes were obtained. Taking advantage of these attractive merits, the first example of the integrated platform has been successfully applied to the analysis of exosomes in complex real-case samples. Not only 196 differential protein biomarker candidates were discovered, but also many more significant cellular components and functions related to gastric cancer were found. These results suggest that the nanoporous TiO2 cluster-based all-in-one strategy can serve as a simple, cost-effective, and integrated platform to facilitate comprehensive analysis of exosomes. Such an approach will provide a valuable tool for the study of exosome markers and their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shurong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, School of Pharmacy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ying He
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, School of Pharmacy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jiayin Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, School of Pharmacy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, School of Pharmacy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Guoquan Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, School of Pharmacy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiaoni Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, School of Pharmacy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Baohong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, School of Pharmacy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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24
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Mishra LC, Pandey U, Gupta A, Gupta J, Sharma M, Mishra G. Alternating exosomes and their mimetics as an emergent strategy for targeted cancer therapy. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:939050. [PMID: 36032679 PMCID: PMC9399404 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.939050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, a subtype of the class of extracellular vesicles and nano-sized particles, have a specific membrane structure that makes them an alternative proposition to combat with cancer through slight modification. As constituents of all most all the primary body fluids, exosomes establish the status of intercellular communication. Exosomes have specific proteins/mRNAs and miRNAs which serve as biomarkers, imparting a prognostic tool in clinical and disease pathologies. They have efficient intrinsic targeting potential and efficacy. Engineered exosomes are employed to deliver therapeutic cargos to the targeted tumor cell or the recipient. Exosomes from cancer cells bring about changes in fibroblast via TGFβ/Smad pathway, augmenting the tumor growth. These extracellular vesicles are multidimensional in terms of the functions that they perform. We herein discuss the uptake and biogenesis of exosomes, their role in various facets of cancer studies, cell-to-cell communication and modification for therapeutic and diagnostic use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Utkarsh Pandey
- Department of Zoology, Swami Shraddhanand College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Abhikarsh Gupta
- Department of Microbiology, Swami Shraddhanand College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Jyotsna Gupta
- Department of Microbiology, Swami Shraddhanand College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Monal Sharma
- Betterhumans Inc., Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Gauri Mishra
- Department of Zoology, Swami Shraddhanand College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
- Division Radiopharmaceuticals and Radiation Biology, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, New Delhi, India
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25
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Skryabin GO, Vinokurova SV, Galetsky SA, Elkin DS, Senkovenko AM, Denisova DA, Komelkov AV, Stilidi IS, Peregorodiev IN, Malikhova OA, Imaraliev OT, Enikeev AD, Tchevkina EM. Isolation and Characterization of Extracellular Vesicles from Gastric Juice. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143314. [PMID: 35884376 PMCID: PMC9318556 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancers and the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The steadily growing interest in secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) is related to their ability to carry a variety of biologically active molecules, which can be used as markers for liquid noninvasive diagnosis of malignant neoplasms. For these applications, blood is the most widely used source of EVs. However, this body fluid contains an extremely heterogeneous mixture of EVs originating from different types of normal cells and tissues. The aim of this study was to assess the possibility of using gastric juice (GJ) as an alternative source of EVs since it is expected to be enriched in vesicles of tumor origin. We validated the presence of EVs in GJ using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and western-blot analysis of exosomal markers, showed for the first time the feasibility of their isolation by ultracentrifugation and demonstrated the prospect of using GJ-derived EVs as a source of GC miRNA markers. Abstract EVs are involved in local and distant intercellular communication and play a vital role in cancer development. Since EVs have been found in almost all body fluids, there are currently active attempts for their application in liquid diagnostics. Blood is the most commonly used source of EVs for the screening of cancer markers, although the percentage of tumor-derived EVs in the blood is extremely low. In contrast, GJ, as a local biofluid, is expected to be enriched with GC-associated EVs. However, EVs from GJ have never been applied for the screening and are underinvestigated overall. Here we show that EVs can be isolated from GJ by ultracentrifugation. TEM analysis showed high heterogeneity of GJ-derived EVs, including those with exosome-like size and morphology. In addition to morphological diversity, EVs from individual GJ samples differed in the composition of exosomal markers. We also show the presence of stomatin within GJ-derived EVs for the first time. The first conducted comparison of miRNA content in EVs from GC patients and healthy donors performed using a pilot sampling revealed the significant differences in several miRNAs (-135b-3p, -199a-3p, -451a). These results demonstrate the feasibility of the application of GJ-derived EVs for screening for miRNA GC markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gleb O. Skryabin
- Institute of Carcinogenesis, N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Kashirskoye Sh. 24, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (G.O.S.); (S.V.V.); (S.A.G.); (D.S.E.); (D.A.D.); (A.D.E.)
| | - Svetlana V. Vinokurova
- Institute of Carcinogenesis, N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Kashirskoye Sh. 24, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (G.O.S.); (S.V.V.); (S.A.G.); (D.S.E.); (D.A.D.); (A.D.E.)
| | - Sergey A. Galetsky
- Institute of Carcinogenesis, N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Kashirskoye Sh. 24, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (G.O.S.); (S.V.V.); (S.A.G.); (D.S.E.); (D.A.D.); (A.D.E.)
| | - Danila S. Elkin
- Institute of Carcinogenesis, N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Kashirskoye Sh. 24, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (G.O.S.); (S.V.V.); (S.A.G.); (D.S.E.); (D.A.D.); (A.D.E.)
| | - Alexey M. Senkovenko
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1/12, 111234 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Darya A. Denisova
- Institute of Carcinogenesis, N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Kashirskoye Sh. 24, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (G.O.S.); (S.V.V.); (S.A.G.); (D.S.E.); (D.A.D.); (A.D.E.)
| | - Andrey V. Komelkov
- Institute of Carcinogenesis, N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Kashirskoye Sh. 24, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (G.O.S.); (S.V.V.); (S.A.G.); (D.S.E.); (D.A.D.); (A.D.E.)
- Correspondence: (A.V.K.); (E.M.T.)
| | - Ivan S. Stilidi
- Research Institute of Clinical Oncology, N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Kashirskoye Sh. 24, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (I.S.S.); (I.N.P.); (O.A.M.); (O.T.I.)
| | - Ivan N. Peregorodiev
- Research Institute of Clinical Oncology, N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Kashirskoye Sh. 24, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (I.S.S.); (I.N.P.); (O.A.M.); (O.T.I.)
| | - Olga A. Malikhova
- Research Institute of Clinical Oncology, N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Kashirskoye Sh. 24, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (I.S.S.); (I.N.P.); (O.A.M.); (O.T.I.)
| | - Oiatiddin T. Imaraliev
- Research Institute of Clinical Oncology, N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Kashirskoye Sh. 24, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (I.S.S.); (I.N.P.); (O.A.M.); (O.T.I.)
| | - Adel D. Enikeev
- Institute of Carcinogenesis, N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Kashirskoye Sh. 24, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (G.O.S.); (S.V.V.); (S.A.G.); (D.S.E.); (D.A.D.); (A.D.E.)
| | - Elena M. Tchevkina
- Institute of Carcinogenesis, N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Kashirskoye Sh. 24, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (G.O.S.); (S.V.V.); (S.A.G.); (D.S.E.); (D.A.D.); (A.D.E.)
- Correspondence: (A.V.K.); (E.M.T.)
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26
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Gurudas Shivji G, Dhar R, Devi A. Role of Exosomes and its emerging therapeutic applications in the pathophysiology of Non-Infectious disease. Biomarkers 2022; 27:534-548. [PMID: 35451890 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2022.2067233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are a type of small Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) and play crucial roles in cancer and other diseases. Exosomes role in various diseases has been studied as they regulate intercellular communication and are obtained from almost any part of the body. Exosomes use is complicated in diseases as they promote pathogenesis but also act as a very good therapeutic agent in most diseases. The presence of a complex molecular cargo consisting of nucleic acids (DNA, RNA, miRNA, siRNA, etc.,) makes it a very good delivery agent and acts as a biomarker for many cancers, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. They can be used to selectively target cells and activate immune cell responses depending on the source obtained. Exosomes based immunotherapy is an area of gaining importance due to the proteins present in them and their specificity to the targeted cells. The role of exosomes in the diagnosis and treatment of non-infectious diseases is discussed in detail in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gauresh Gurudas Shivji
- Cancer Biology and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Potheri, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District, Tamilnadu 603203, India
| | - Rajib Dhar
- Cancer Biology and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Potheri, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District, Tamilnadu 603203, India
| | - Arikketh Devi
- Cancer Biology and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Potheri, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District, Tamilnadu 603203, India
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27
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Xie Y, Yang L, Cao P, Li S, Zhang W, Dang W, Xin S, Jiang M, Xin Y, Li J, Long S, Wang Y, Zhang S, Yang Y, Lu J. Plasma Exosomal Proteomic Pattern of Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:821311. [PMID: 35464963 PMCID: PMC9019563 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.821311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (EBV-HLH) is a life-threatening syndrome, which is caused by EBV infection that is usually refractory to treatment and shows relapse. The development of new biomarkers for the early diagnosis and clinical treatment of EBV-HLH is urgently needed. Exosomes have been shown to mediate various biological processes and are ideal non-invasive biomarkers. Here, we present the differential plasma exosomal proteome of a patient with EBV-HLH before vs. during treatment and with that of his healthy twin brother. A tandem mass tag-labeled LC-MS technique was employed for proteomic detection. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses indicated that differential proteomic profiles were related to virus infection, coagulopathy, nervous system dysfunction, imbalance of immune response, and abnormal liver function. The candidate biomarkers were first identified in the patient’s plasma exosomes at different treatment and follow-up time points. Then, 14 additional EBV-HLH exosome samples were used to verify six differentially expressed proteins. The upregulation of C-reactive protein, moesin, galectin three-binding protein, and heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein and the downregulation of plasminogen and fibronectin 1 could serve as potential biomarkers of EBV-HLH. This plasma exosomal proteomic analysis provides new insights into the diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers of EBV-HLH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xie
- Department of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Healthcare Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
- China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Healthcare Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
- China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pengfei Cao
- Department of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shen Li
- Department of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Healthcare Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
- China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wentao Zhang
- Department of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Healthcare Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
- China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Dang
- Department of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Healthcare Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
- China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuyu Xin
- Department of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Healthcare Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
- China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mingjuan Jiang
- Department of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Healthcare Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
- China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yujie Xin
- Department of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Healthcare Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
- China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Healthcare Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
- China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Sijing Long
- Department of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Healthcare Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
- China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yiwei Wang
- Department of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Healthcare Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
- China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Senmiao Zhang
- Department of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Healthcare Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
- China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Healthcare Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
- China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianhong Lu
- Department of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Healthcare Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
- China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Jianhong Lu,
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Advances in High Throughput Proteomics Profiling in Establishing Potential Biomarkers for Gastrointestinal Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11060973. [PMID: 35326424 PMCID: PMC8946849 DOI: 10.3390/cells11060973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancers (GICs) remain the most diagnosed cancers and accounted for the highest cancer-related death globally. The prognosis and treatment outcomes of many GICs are poor because most of the cases are diagnosed in advanced metastatic stages. This is primarily attributed to the deficiency of effective and reliable early diagnostic biomarkers. The existing biomarkers for GICs diagnosis exhibited inadequate specificity and sensitivity. To improve the early diagnosis of GICs, biomarkers with higher specificity and sensitivity are warranted. Proteomics study and its functional analysis focus on elucidating physiological and biological functions of unknown or annotated proteins and deciphering cellular mechanisms at molecular levels. In addition, quantitative analysis of translational proteomics is a promising approach in enhancing the early identification and proper management of GICs. In this review, we focus on the advances in mass spectrometry along with the quantitative and functional analysis of proteomics data that contributes to the establishment of biomarkers for GICs including, colorectal, gastric, hepatocellular, pancreatic, and esophageal cancer. We also discuss the future challenges in the validation of proteomics-based biomarkers for their translation into clinics.
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29
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Araujo-Abad S, Saceda M, de Juan Romero C. Biomedical application of small extracellular vesicles in cancer treatment. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 182:114117. [PMID: 35065142 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are produced by almost all cell types in vivo or in vitro. Among them, exosomes are small nanovesicles with a lipid bilayer, proteins and RNAs actively involved in cellular communication, suggesting that they may be used both as biomarkers and for therapeutic purposes in diseases such as cancer. Moreover, the idea of using them as drug delivery vehicle arises as a promising field of study. Here, we reviewed recent findings showing the importance of EVs, with special focus in exosomes as biomarkers including the most relevant proteins found in different cancer types and it is discussed the FDA approved tests which use exosomes in clinical practice. Finally, we present an overview of the different chimeric EVs developed in the last few years, demonstrating that they can be conjugate to nanoparticles, biomolecules, cancer drugs, etc., and can be developed for a specific cancer treatment. Additionally, we summarized the clinical trials where EVs are used in the treatment of several cancer types aiming to improve the prognosis of these deadly diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salome Araujo-Abad
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avda, Universidad s/n, Ed. Torregaitán, Elche, 03202 Alicante, Spain; Centro de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional de Loja, Avda. Pio Jaramillo Alvarado s/n, Loja, 110111 Loja, Ecuador
| | - Miguel Saceda
- Unidad de Investigación, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana (FISABIO), Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Camí de l'Almazara 11, Elche, 03203 Alicante, Spain; Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avda, Universidad s/n, Ed. Torregaitán, Elche, 03202 Alicante, Spain
| | - Camino de Juan Romero
- Unidad de Investigación, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana (FISABIO), Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Camí de l'Almazara 11, Elche, 03203 Alicante, Spain; Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avda, Universidad s/n, Ed. Torregaitán, Elche, 03202 Alicante, Spain
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30
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Chen W, Li G, Li Z, Zhu J, Wei T, Lei J. Evaluation of plasma exosomal miRNAs as potential diagnostic biomarkers of lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Endocrine 2022; 75:846-855. [PMID: 34854020 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-021-02949-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The early diagnosis of lymph node metastasis (LNM) in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is clinically important, as it can aid in treatment decision-making and improve prognosis. In the present study, we aimed to identify whether plasma exosomal miRNAs could be potential diagnostic markers of LNM in PTC. METHODS Profiles of plasma exosomal miRNAs were screened using miRNA microarrays. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed in the validation and diagnostic sets to select candidate exosomal miRNAs. Finally, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to evaluate the efficiency of target exosomal miRNAs in distinguishing PTC-N1 patients from PTC-N0 patients. RESULTS In total, 197 miRNAs were found to be differentially expressed in the testing set. Based on the qRT-PCR results, the expression of miR-6774-3p (p < 0.001) and miR-6879-5p (p < 0.001) in the PTC-N1 patients was significantly higher than that in the controls. The AUC values of plasma exosomal miR-6774-3p (0.802; 95% CI, 0.724-0.879) and miR-6879-5p (0.787; 95% CI, 0.706-0.867) and their combination (0.914; 95% CI, 0.865-0.962) were higher than those of the total miRNAs directly isolated from plasma. Moreover, the expression of exosomal miRNAs was stable after treatment with RNase A, prolonged incubation, or repeated freezing and thawing. CONCLUSIONS The two plasma exosomal miRNAs (miR-6774-3p and miR-6879-5p) and their combination could serve as new promising biomarkers for the diagnosis of LNM in PTC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Chen
- Thyroid Surgery Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Laboratory of Thyroid and Parathyroid Disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Genpeng Li
- Thyroid Surgery Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhihui Li
- Thyroid Surgery Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jingqiang Zhu
- Thyroid Surgery Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Tao Wei
- Thyroid Surgery Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jianyong Lei
- Thyroid Surgery Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Zhang AZ, Yuan X, Liang WH, Zhang HJ, Li Y, Xie YF, Li JF, Jiang CH, Li FP, Shen XH, Pang LJ, Zou H, Zhou WH, Li F, Hu JM. Immune Infiltration in Gastric Cancer Microenvironment and Its Clinical Significance. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:762029. [PMID: 35252217 PMCID: PMC8893596 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.762029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has developed rapidly and has gradually become one of the important methods for treatment of gastric cancer (GC). The research on tumor infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) and immune-related genes in the tumor microenvironment (TME) greatly encourages the development of immunotherapy. The devolution algorithm (CIBERSORT) was applied to infer the proportion of 22 TIICs based on gene expression profiles of GC tissues, which were downloaded from TCGA and GEO. TCGA was utilized to analyze the differential expression of immune-related genes, and explore the potential molecular functions of these genes. We have observed the enrichment of multiple TIICs in microenvironment of GC. Some of these cells were closely related to tumor mutational burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), Fuhrman grade, and TNM staging. Survival analysis showed that the infiltration level of CD8+ T cells, activated CD4+ memory T cells and M2 macrophages were significantly related to the prognosis of GC patients. The functional enrichment analysis of immune-related genes revealed that these genes were mainly associated with cytokine activation and response. Four significant modules were screened by PPI network and 20 key genes were screened from the modules. The expression levels of CALCR and PTH1R are strikingly related to the expression of immune checkpoint and the prognosis of GC patients. The type and number of TIICs in microenvironment of GC, as well as immune-related genes are closely related to tumor progression, and can be used as important indicators for patient prognosis assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Zhi Zhang
- Department of Pathology/NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- Department of Pathology, Jiaxing University Affiliated Women and Children Hospital (Jiaxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Xin Yuan
- Department of Pathology/NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Wei Hua Liang
- Department of Pathology/NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Hai Jun Zhang
- Department of Pathology/NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Ya Li
- Department of Pathology/NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Yu Fang Xie
- Department of Pathology/NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Jiang Fen Li
- Department of Pathology/NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Chen Hao Jiang
- Department of Pathology/NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Fan Ping Li
- Department of Pathology/NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Xi Hua Shen
- Department of Pathology/NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Li Juan Pang
- Department of Pathology/NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Hong Zou
- Department of Pathology/NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Wen Hu Zhou
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Pathology/NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Ming Hu
- Department of Pathology/NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- *Correspondence: Jian Ming Hu,
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Chen L, Wang L, Zhu L, Xu Z, Liu Y, Li Z, Zhou J, Luo F. Exosomes as Drug Carriers in Anti-Cancer Therapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:728616. [PMID: 35155421 PMCID: PMC8826094 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.728616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the years, there has been a high demand for developing new safe and effective drug carriers for cancer therapy. Emerging studies have indicated that exosomes can serve as potent therapeutic carriers since they offer low immunogenicity, high stability, innate and acquired targetability, and the stimulation of anti-cancer immune responses. Yet, the development of exosome-based drug delivery systems remains challenging due to their heterogeneity, low yield, and limited drug loading efficiency. Herein, we summarized the current application of exosomes derived from different cells as drug carriers in anti-cancer therapy in vitro and in vivo. We also discussed the challenges and prospects of exosome-based drug delivery systems in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Chen
- Lung Cancer Center, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Wang
- Lung Cancer Center, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Li Wang, ; Jin Zhou, ; Feng Luo,
| | - Lingling Zhu
- Lung Cancer Center, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zihan Xu
- Lung Cancer Center, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanyang Liu
- Lung Cancer Center, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhixi Li
- Lung Cancer Center, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- School of Medicine, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Li Wang, ; Jin Zhou, ; Feng Luo,
| | - Feng Luo
- Lung Cancer Center, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Li Wang, ; Jin Zhou, ; Feng Luo,
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Su H, Ren W, Zhang D. Research progress on exosomal proteins as diagnostic markers of gastric cancer (review article). Clin Exp Med 2022; 23:203-218. [DOI: 10.1007/s10238-022-00793-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractGastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common types of tumors and the most common cause of cancer mortality worldwide. The diagnosis of GC is critical to its prevention and treatment. Available tumor markers are the crucial step for GC diagnosis. Recent studies have shown that proteins in exosomes are potential diagnostic and prognostic markers for GC. Exosomes, secreted by cells, are cup-shaped with a diameter of 30–150 nm under the electron microscope. They are also surrounded by lipid bilayers and are widely found in various body fluids. Exosomes contain proteins, lipids and nucleic acid. The examination of exosomal proteins has the advantages of quickness, easy sampling, and low pain and cost, as compared with the routine inspection method of GC, which may lead to marked developments in GC diagnosis. This article summarized the exosomal proteins with a diagnostic and prognostic potential in GC, as well as exosomal proteins involved in GC progression.
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Cheng H, Yang Q, Wang R, Luo R, Zhu S, Li M, Li W, Chen C, Zou Y, Huang Z, Xie T, Wang S, Zhang H, Tian Q. Emerging Advances of Detection Strategies for Tumor-Derived Exosomes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020868. [PMID: 35055057 PMCID: PMC8775838 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes derived from tumor cells contain various molecular components, such as proteins, RNA, DNA, lipids, and carbohydrates. These components play a crucial role in all stages of tumorigenesis and development. Moreover, they reflect the physiological and pathological status of parental tumor cells. Recently, tumor-derived exosomes have become popular biomarkers for non-invasive liquid biopsy and the diagnosis of numerous cancers. The interdisciplinary significance of exosomes research has also attracted growing enthusiasm. However, the intrinsic nature of tumor-derived exosomes requires advanced methods to detect and evaluate the complex biofluid. This review analyzes the relationship between exosomes and tumors. It also summarizes the exosomal biological origin, composition, and application of molecular markers in clinical cancer diagnosis. Remarkably, this paper constitutes a comprehensive summary of the innovative research on numerous detection strategies for tumor-derived exosomes with the intent of providing a theoretical basis and reference for early diagnosis and clinical treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Cheng
- College of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (H.C.); (Q.Y.); (R.W.); (R.L.); (M.L.); (W.L.); (C.C.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (T.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Qian Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (H.C.); (Q.Y.); (R.W.); (R.L.); (M.L.); (W.L.); (C.C.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (T.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Rongrong Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (H.C.); (Q.Y.); (R.W.); (R.L.); (M.L.); (W.L.); (C.C.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (T.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Ruhua Luo
- College of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (H.C.); (Q.Y.); (R.W.); (R.L.); (M.L.); (W.L.); (C.C.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (T.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Shanshan Zhu
- Public Health Institutes, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China;
| | - Minhui Li
- College of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (H.C.); (Q.Y.); (R.W.); (R.L.); (M.L.); (W.L.); (C.C.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (T.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Wenqi Li
- College of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (H.C.); (Q.Y.); (R.W.); (R.L.); (M.L.); (W.L.); (C.C.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (T.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (H.C.); (Q.Y.); (R.W.); (R.L.); (M.L.); (W.L.); (C.C.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (T.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Yuqing Zou
- College of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (H.C.); (Q.Y.); (R.W.); (R.L.); (M.L.); (W.L.); (C.C.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (T.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Zhihua Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (H.C.); (Q.Y.); (R.W.); (R.L.); (M.L.); (W.L.); (C.C.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (T.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Tian Xie
- College of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (H.C.); (Q.Y.); (R.W.); (R.L.); (M.L.); (W.L.); (C.C.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (T.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Shuling Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (H.C.); (Q.Y.); (R.W.); (R.L.); (M.L.); (W.L.); (C.C.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (T.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Correspondence: (S.W.); (H.Z.); (Q.T.)
| | - Honghua Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (H.C.); (Q.Y.); (R.W.); (R.L.); (M.L.); (W.L.); (C.C.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (T.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Correspondence: (S.W.); (H.Z.); (Q.T.)
| | - Qingchang Tian
- College of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (H.C.); (Q.Y.); (R.W.); (R.L.); (M.L.); (W.L.); (C.C.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (T.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Correspondence: (S.W.); (H.Z.); (Q.T.)
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Wang F, Wang W, Wu X, Tang C, Du F, Lu Z, Zhang Z, Xu H, Cao X, Li PA. Downregulation of TRIM33 Promotes Survival and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Gastric Cancer. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2022; 21:15330338221114505. [PMID: 35929141 PMCID: PMC9358585 DOI: 10.1177/15330338221114505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Among all malignancies worldwide, gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer with the third highest mortality rate. One of the main reasons for the low survival rate is the recurrence and metastasis that occurs in many patients after surgery. Numerous studies have shown that abnormal TRIM33 expression is associated with the progression of malignant tumors. TRIM33 can function either as a tumor suppressor or tumor promoter in different cancers. Our data showed that TRIM33 was highly expressed in stomach cancer, and in human gastric cancer tissues, low expression of TRIM33 was associated with poor prognosis in patients with gastric cancer. To clarify the function of TRIM33 in survival and epithelial–mesenchymal transition in gastric cancer cells, we investigated the effect of TRIM33 knockdown in several gastric cancer cell lines. Downregulation of TRIM33 in BGC-823 and SGC-7901 cells enhanced the proliferation, colony formation, and migratory ability of these gastric cancer cells. It also promoted epithelial–mesenchymal transition; transfection of cells with siRNA targeting TRIM33 led to the upregulation of vimentin and N-Cadherin expression, and downregulation of E-Cadherin expression. Meanwhile, the transforming growth factor beta pathway was activated: levels of transforming growth factor beta were elevated and the expressions of p-Smad2, Smad2, Smad3, and Smad4 were activated. To confirm the role of TRIM33 in vivo, a xenograft model was established in nude mice. Immunohistochemical analysis identified that the protein levels of TRIM33, p-Smad2, Smad2, Smad3, Smad4, vimentin, and N-Cadherin were increased, and E-Cadherin levels were decreased, in xenograft tumors from the si-TRIM33 group. Taken together, these results suggest that TRIM33 may be a potential marker for the diagnosis and prognosis of gastric cancer. Furthermore, it may also serve as a novel target for gastric cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Department of Pathology, Basic Medical School, 105002Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiaoting Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Cui Tang
- Department of Pathology, Basic Medical School, 105002Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Fang Du
- School of Information Engineering, 56693Ningxia University, Ningxia, China
| | - Zhiguo Lu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Zhuoyang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Basic Medical School, 105002Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Pathology, Basic Medical School, 105002Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiangmei Cao
- Department of Pathology, Basic Medical School, 105002Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - P Andy Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technological Enterprise (BRITE), North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, USA
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Wang S, Chen X, Fu Y, Zhang H, Liu W, Song X, Ma X, Cheng S, Lu J. Relationship of ERCC5 genetic polymorphisms with metastasis and recurrence of gastric cancer. REVISTA DA ASSOCIACAO MEDICA BRASILEIRA (1992) 2021; 67:1538-1543. [PMID: 34909875 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20210209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to explore the role of ERCC5 genetic polymorphisms in gastric cancer and their relationship with metastasis and recurrence of gastric cancer. METHODS A total of 200 patients with gastric cancer and 133 healthy subjects were enrolled. MassARRAY iPLEX® technology was used to genotype ERCC5 rs2016073, rs751402, rs2094258, rs2296147, and rs2296148 between the control group and the gastric cancer group. The relationship of ERCC5 genetic polymorphisms with metastasis and recurrence of gastric cancer was explored. The differences in sociodemographic characteristics between patients with gastric cancer and control subjects were compared using the chi-square test. The genetic loci between the control group and the gastric cancer group were analyzed by the chi-square test. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the metastasis of gastric cancer between males and females (p=0.628), but there was a significant difference in the metastasis of gastric cancer (p=0.005). Patients aged ≤60 years and >60 years showed no significant difference in the metastasis of gastric cancer (p=0.420), but there was a significant difference in the recurrence of gastric cancer (p<0.001). The loci rs2016073, rs751402, and rs2094258 in the gastric cancer group showed no significant differences compared with the control group (p=0.194), and the loci rs2296147 and rs2296148 showed significant differences. CONCLUSIONS The results suggested that ERCC5 polymorphisms (e.g., rs201607, rs751402, rs2094258, rs2296147, and rs2296148) may be associated with metastasis and recurrence of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulan Wang
- Gansu Provincial Hospital, Department of Digestive - Lanzhou (Gansu) China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Gansu Provincial Hospital, Department of Digestive - Lanzhou (Gansu) China
| | - Yingming Fu
- Wushan County Hospital, Department of Digestive - Tianshui (Gansu), China
| | - Huiqin Zhang
- Gansu Provincial Hospital, Department of Digestive - Lanzhou (Gansu) China
| | - Wenwen Liu
- Gansu Provincial Hospital, Department of Digestive - Lanzhou (Gansu) China
| | - Xuejuan Song
- Gansu Provincial Hospital, Department of Digestive - Lanzhou (Gansu) China
| | - Xin Ma
- Gansu Provincial Hospital, Department of Digestive - Lanzhou (Gansu) China
| | - Sha Cheng
- Gansu Provincial Hospital, Department of Digestive - Lanzhou (Gansu) China
| | - Juanjuan Lu
- Gansu Provincial Hospital, Department of Digestive - Lanzhou (Gansu) China
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Tripartite Motif Containing 3 inhibits the aggressive behaviors of papillary thyroid carcinoma and indicates lower recurrence risk. Genes Genomics 2021; 44:455-465. [PMID: 34860317 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-021-01197-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tripartite Motif Containing 3 (TRIM3) has been reported to be downregulated in several malignancies. However, its prognostic significance in thyroid cancer remains unknown. OBJECTIVE Here we aimed to investigate TRIM3's expression and its involvement in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). METHODS Clinicopathological analyses were performed in patients with PTC. Expression of TRIM3 protein was evaluated by IHC. The prognostic role of TRIM3 in PTC patients was assessed by univariate and multivariate analyses. Cell proliferation and invasion were tested in two PTC cell lines following overexpression or knockdown. RESULTS TRIM3 was decreased in PTC tissues compared to adjacent thyroid tissues on both mRNA and protein levels. Additionally, low expression of TRIM3 was significantly related to tumor size, lymph node metastasis and TNM stage. Moreover, TRIM3 was identified as an independent prognosis factor by multivariate analysis. Cellular data revealed that TRIM3 can inhibit the proliferation and invasion of PTC cells. Consistently, TRIM3 can upregulate the expression level of E-cadherin, while downregulate N-cadherin, Vimentin, and cyclin D1 expression. CONCLUSIONS TRIM3 expression was downregulated in PTC tissues comparing with that in adjacent nontumorous thyroid tissues. Lower TRIM3 expression in PTC can contribute independently to a poorer prognosis by enhancing PTC proliferation and invasion, highlighting its potential as a novel therapeutic target and prognostic biomarker.
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Lu L, Fang S, Zhang Y, Jin L, Xu W, Liang Z. Exosomes and Exosomal circRNAs: The Rising Stars in the Progression, Diagnosis and Prognosis of Gastric Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:8121-8129. [PMID: 34737640 PMCID: PMC8558314 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s331221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a common malignant tumor affecting human health, with occult onset and poor prognosis. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles secreted by almost all cells, which can reflect the state of source cells or tissues. It is reported that exosomes are involved in almost all processes of GC. Exosomes provided a window to understand changes in cell or tissue states by carrying active components such as circular RNAs (circRNAs). CircRNAs are a naturally occurring class of endogenous noncoding RNAs and abnormal expression during the occurrence and development of GC. Exosomal circRNAs are those circRNAs stably existing in exosomes and having high clinical values as novel potential diagnosis and prognosis biomarkers of GC, which have the characteristics of abnormal expression, tissue specificity and development stage specificity. Herein, we briefly summarize the functions and roles and the current research progress of exosomes and exosomal circRNAs in GC with a focus on the potential application for GC progression, diagnosis and prognosis. We also prospected the clinical application of exosomes and exosomal circRNAs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Lu
- Child Healthcare Department, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shikun Fang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Longtao Jin
- Child Healthcare Department, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenrong Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaofeng Liang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, People's Republic of China
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Gao L, Nie X, Gou R, Hu Y, Dong H, Li X, Lin B. Exosomal ANXA2 derived from ovarian cancer cells regulates epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity of human peritoneal mesothelial cells. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:10916-10929. [PMID: 34725902 PMCID: PMC8642686 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer, one of the malignant gynaecological tumours with the highest mortality rate among female reproductive system, is prone to metastasis, recurrence and chemotherapy resistance, causing a poor prognosis. Exosomes can regulate the epithelial‐mesenchymal plasticity of tumour cells, remodel surrounding tumour microenvironment, and affect tumour cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis. However, the function and mechanism of exosomes in the intraperitoneal implantation of ovarian cancer remain unclear. In this study, exosomal annexin A2 (ANXA2) derived from ovarian cancer cells was co‐cultured with human peritoneal mesothelial (HMrSV5) cells; functional experiments were conducted to explore the effects of exosomal ANXA2 on the biological behaviour of HMrSV5 and the related mechanisms. This study showed that ANXA2 in ovarian cancer cells can be transferred to HMrSV5 cells through exosomes, exosomal ANXA2 can not only promote the migration, invasion and apoptosis of HMrSV5 cells, but also regulates morphological changes and fibrosis of HMrSV5 cells. Furthermore, ANXA2 promotes the mesothelial‐mesenchymal transition (MMT) and degradation of the extracellular matrix of HMrSV5 cells through PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, finally affects pre‐metastasis microenvironment of ovarian cancer, which provides a new theoretical basis for the mechanism of intraperitoneal implantation and metastasis of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin Nie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Rui Gou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuexin Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Bei Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
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40
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Tan J, Wen Y, Li M. Emerging biosensing platforms for quantitative detection of exosomes as diagnostic biomarkers. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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41
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Li W, Tan Y, Gao F, Xiang M. Overexpression of TRIM3 protects against LPS-induced acute kidney injury via repressing IRF3 pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome. Int Urol Nephrol 2021; 54:1331-1342. [PMID: 34643859 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-021-03017-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The pathological process of sepsis involves multiple system organs, including kidney. Sepsis-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) has high morbidity and high mortality. Overproduced inflammatory factors contribute to the occurrence and evolvement of AKI. Here, the role and underlying mechanism of tripartite motif containing 3 (TRIM3) and in AKI was explored. METHODS Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used for constructing AKI model both in vitro and in vivo. RT-PCR and western blot were performed to detect TRIM3, Interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and NLRP3-ASC-Caspase1 inflammasome. Upon selectively regulating the TRIM3 or IRF3 expression, the proliferation, apoptosis and inflammatory response were detected. The interaction between TRIM3 and IRF3 was verified by Immunoprecipitation (IP). RESULTS TRIM3 was down-regulated in mediated injury renal tubular epithelial cell line HK-2 treated with LPS. Overexpression of TRIM3 promoted cell viability and reduced apoptosis. In addition, overexpression of TRIM3 inhibited the expression of inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-18), dampened the phosphorylation of IRF3 and repressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Furthermore, TRIM3 overexpression significantly eased the LPS-induced damage on AKI rat model and decreased the serum creatinine and urea nitrogen levels in rat kidney tissues. The results of immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blot manifested that TRIM3 was increased dramatically after TRIM3 was overexpressed in the rat kidney tissues, while IRF3 and NLRP3-ASC-Caspase1 inflammasome were significantly repressed following TRIM3 upregulation in the kidney tissues. Mechanistically, TRIM3 interacted with IRF3 and inhibited its phosphorylation. CONCLUSION Overexpression of TRIM3 protected against LPS-induced AKI by inhibiting the IRF3 pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Li
- The Central Hospital of ENSHI TUJIA AND MIAO Autonomous Prefecture, 158 Wuyang County Street, Enshi City, 445000, Hubei, China
| | - Yunzhi Tan
- The Central Hospital of ENSHI TUJIA AND MIAO Autonomous Prefecture, 158 Wuyang County Street, Enshi City, 445000, Hubei, China
| | - Feng Gao
- The Central Hospital of ENSHI TUJIA AND MIAO Autonomous Prefecture, 158 Wuyang County Street, Enshi City, 445000, Hubei, China.
| | - Miaomiao Xiang
- The Central Hospital of ENSHI TUJIA AND MIAO Autonomous Prefecture, 158 Wuyang County Street, Enshi City, 445000, Hubei, China
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Tripartite motif-containing 3 (TRIM3) enhances ER signaling and confers tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer. Oncogenesis 2021; 10:60. [PMID: 34508066 PMCID: PMC8433133 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-021-00350-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tamoxifen resistance remains a clinical problem in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer. SUMOylation of ERα enhances ERα-induced transcription activity. Tripartite motif-containing (TRIM) proteins are a new class of SUMO E3 ligases, which regulate the SUMOylation of proteins. However, the precise molecular mechanism and function of TRIM3 in SUMOylation and the response to tamoxifen remain unclear. In the present study, we observed that TRIM3 was dramatically overexpressed in breast cancer, which correlated with tamoxifen resistance. Furthermore, TRIM3 overexpression significantly correlated with poor survival of patients with ER+ breast cancer treated with tamoxifen. TRIM3 overexpression conferred cell survival and tumorigenesis, whereas knocking down of TRIM3 reduced these capabilities. Moreover, TRIM3, as a ubiquitin carrier protein 9 (UBC9) binding protein, promoted SUMO modification of estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) and activated the ER pathway. Silencing UBC9 abolished the function of TRIM3 in regulating tamoxifen resistance. These results suggest TRIM3 as a novel biomarker for breast cancer therapy, indicating that inhibiting TRIM3 combined with tamoxifen might provide a potential treatment for breast cancer.
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Guo H, Jiang W, Huang S, Huang X, Li C. Serum exosome-derived biomarkers for the early detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:4435-4447. [PMID: 34468926 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04254-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Blood exosomes help regulate communication between tumour cells, moderating their behaviour. We sought to determine the protein content in serum exosomes (SEs), to characterise SEs, and to discover novel clinical biomarkers of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) of OSCC were identified using proteomics and then analysed using bioinformatics, before validation using ELISA, IHC, and RT-PCR. The influence of SEs on oral cancer cells was detected using CCK-8 and migration assays. Twelve DEPs were found in SEs from OSCC. Four proteins were targeted for further verification. New biomarkers exhibiting high sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing OSCC comprised C-reactive protein (CRP), von willebrand factor (VWF), and leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein (LRG). Combined biomarkers outperformed any single protein. We also demonstrated that tumour-derived exosomes promoted tumour cell migration, but not proliferation and apoptosis. Our study indicates that CRP, VWF, and LRG are potential clinically relevant OSCC biomarkers. OSCC-related SEs may help promote migration of oral cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hejia Guo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Oral Infectious Diseases, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Weidong Jiang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Oral Infectious Diseases, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Suhua Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Oral Infectious Diseases, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuanping Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Oral Infectious Diseases, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Cuiping Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Oral Infectious Diseases, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China. .,Medical Scientific Research Center, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China.
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Muralikumar M, Manoj Jain S, Ganesan H, Duttaroy AK, Pathak S, Banerjee A. Current understanding of the mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in cancer and aging. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 31:e00658. [PMID: 34377681 PMCID: PMC8327488 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2021.e00658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are being widely researched upon for several years with translational application in regenerative medicine. Many studies acknowledged trophic factors from MSCs, attenuating dreadful ailments. The beneficial properties of MSCs are attributed to their secretion of paracrine factors as extracellular vesicles/ exosomes in the tissue microenvironment. Exosomes are nano-sized vesicles involved in genetic material transportation and intercellular communication. Exosomes have been recently reported to play a role in cell-free therapy in treating many diseases like cancer and aging and are reported in regulating tumor cell fate. This review highlights the recent advances and current understanding in assessing mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes for possible cell-free therapy. The sources and composition of exosomes, drug delivery effectiveness, immunomodulatory property, therapeutic advances in cancer, and aging targeting exosomes as cargo or its effect to moderate the tissue microenvironment are also discussed. We summarize the regenerative mechanisms induced by MSCs derived exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makalakshmi Muralikumar
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Samatha Manoj Jain
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Harsha Ganesan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Asim K. Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, IMB, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Surajit Pathak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Antara Banerjee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Xiong H, Huang Z, Yang Z, Lin Q, Yang B, Fang X, Liu B, Chen H, Kong J. Recent Progress in Detection and Profiling of Cancer Cell-Derived Exosomes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2007971. [PMID: 34075696 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202007971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes, known as nanometer-sized vesicles (30-200 nm), are secreted by many types of cells. Cancer-derived exosomes have great potential to be biomarkers for early clinical diagnosis and evaluation of cancer therapeutic efficacy. Conventional detection methods are limited to low sensitivity and reproducibility. There are hundreds of papers published with different detection methods in recent years to address these challenges. Therefore, in this review, pioneering researches about various detection strategies are comprehensively summarized and the analytical performance of these tests is evaluated. Furthermore, the exosome molecular composition (protein and nucleic acid) profiling, a single exosome profiling, and their application in clinical cancer diagnosis are reviewed. Finally, the principles and applications of machine learning method in exosomes researches are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiwen Xiong
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Zhipeng Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Zhejun Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Qiuyuan Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Xueen Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Baohong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Jilie Kong
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
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Heydari R, Abdollahpour-Alitappeh M, Shekari F, Meyfour A. Emerging Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Biomarking the Gastrointestinal Diseases. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2021; 21:939-962. [PMID: 34308738 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2021.1954909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play an important role in cell-cell communication and regulation of various cellular functions under physiological and pathophysiological conditions through transferring their cargo to recipient cells. Molecular constituents of EVs are a fingerprinting profile of secreting cells which can be used as promising prognostic, diagnostic, and drug-response biomarkers in clinical settings. AREAS COVERED The present study provides a brief introduction about the biology of EVs and reviews methodologies used for EV isolation and characterization as well as high-throughput strategies to analyze EV contents. Furthermore, this review highlights the importance and unique role of EVs in the development and progression of gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, especially GI cancers, and then discusses their potential use, particularly those isolated from body fluids, in diagnosis and prognosis of GI diseases. EXPERT OPINION In-depth analysis of EV content can lead to the identification of new potential biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis prediction of GI diseases. The use of a more targeted approach by establishing more reproducible and standardized methods to decrease variations and obtain desired EV population as well as revisiting large pools of identified biomarkers and their evaluation in larger patient cohorts can result in the introduction of more reliable biomarkers in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raheleh Heydari
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Faezeh Shekari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product Technology Development Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anna Meyfour
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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Chen X, Wang H, Huang Y, Chen Y, Chen C, Zhuo W, Teng L. Comprehensive Roles and Future Perspectives of Exosomes in Peritoneal Metastasis of Gastric Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:684871. [PMID: 34268118 PMCID: PMC8276633 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.684871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most prevalent digestive malignancies. A great number of patients at first visit or post curative resections are diagnosed with widespread metastasis within the peritoneal cavity. Overwhelming evidence has demonstrated that exosomes, a variety of biologically functional extracellular vesicles comprising active factors, mediate the progression and metastasis of GC. Although the regulatory mechanisms of exosomes remain fairly elusive, they are responsible for intercellular communication between tumor cells and normal stroma, cancer-related fibroblasts, immune cells within the primary tumor and metastatic niche. In this review, we provide new insight into the molecular signatures of GC-associated exosomes in reprogramming the tumor microenvironment and the subsequent promotion of peritoneal metastasis—including infiltration of the gastric wall, implantation of tumor cells onto the pre-metastatic peritoneum, and remodeling of the pre-metastatic niche. Based on this review, we hope to draw a more general conclusion for the functions of exosomes in the progression and peritoneal metastasis of GC and highlight the future perspective on strategies targeting exosomes in prognostic biomarkers and therapy for peritoneal metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangliu Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haiyong Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Huang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chuanzhi Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhuo
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lisong Teng
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Gao J, Li S, Xu Q, Zhang X, Huang M, Dai X, Liu L. Exosomes Promote Pre-Metastatic Niche Formation in Gastric Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:652378. [PMID: 34109113 PMCID: PMC8180914 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.652378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer has a high rate of metastasis, during which pre-metastatic niches (PMN) provide a supportive environment for the upcoming tumor cells. Exosomes are bilayer vesicles secreted by cells containing biological information that mediates communication between cells. Using exosomes, gastric cancer cells establish PMN remotely in multifarious perspectives, including immunosuppression, stroma remodeling, angiogenesis, mesothelial mesenchymal transformation, and organotropism. In turn, the cell components in PMN secrete exosomes that interact with each other and provide onco-promoting signals. In this review, we highlight the role of exosomes in PMN formation in gastric cancer and discuss their potential values in gastric cancer metastasis diagnosis, prevention, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Song Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Miao Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xin Dai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Lian Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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49
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Zhang Y, Chen L, Ye X, Wu Z, Zhang Z, Sun B, Fu H, Fu C, Liang X, Jiang H. Expression and mechanism of exosome-mediated A FOXM1 related long noncoding RNA in gastric cancer. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:133. [PMID: 33971889 PMCID: PMC8111998 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00873-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Forkhead box protein M1 (FOXM1) is an oncogene regulating tumor growth and metastasis. Exosome was suggested to mediate cell communication by delivering active molecules in cancers. However, the existence of FOXM1 in circulating exosomes and the role of exosome FOXM1 in gastric cancer (GC) were not clear. This study aims to investigate the potential role of FOXM1 related long noncoding RNA (FRLnc1) in exosomes in GC. RESULTS The prepared CD63 immunomagnetic beads (CD63-IMB) had the characteristics of good dispersity and high magnetic response. The isolated exosomes were presented with elliptical membranous particles under a transmission electron microscope (TEM), with the particle size of 89.78 ± 4.8 nm. Western blot (WB) results showed that the exosomes were rich in CD9 and CD81. The Dil-labeled exosomes were distributed around cytoplasm and nucleus of cells by imaging flow cytometry (IFC) analysis. The results of quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) revealed that the FRLnc1 expressions were up-regulated in GC cells, tumor tissues, and serum of GC patients. An obviously up-regulated FRLnc1 expression was found in serum exosomes of GC patients. Up-regulation of FRLnc1 expression was closely correlated to lymph node metastasis (LNM) and TNM stage with the combination of relevant clinicopathological parameter analysis. The in vitro functional analyses demonstrated that FRLnc1 knockdown by RNA interference suppressed cell proliferation and migration in HGC-27 cells, whereas FRLnc1 overexpression promoted cell proliferation and migration in MKN45 cells. After exosome treatment, the FRLnc1 expression was significantly increased in MKN45 cells, and the MKN45 cells showed increased ability of proliferation and migration. CONCLUSION GC cells-derived exosomes played roles in promoting the growth and metastasis of GC by transporting FRLnc1, suggesting that FRLnc1 in the exosomes may be a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of GC. The delivery of FRLnc1 by the exosomes may provide a new way for the treatment of GC. Trial registration 2020-KYSB-094. Registered 23 March 2020-Retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 389, Putuoxincun Rd., Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Xuanting Ye
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhixiong Wu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 389, Putuoxincun Rd., Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Zeyu Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 389, Putuoxincun Rd., Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Biaofeng Sun
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 389, Putuoxincun Rd., Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Hong Fu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 389, Putuoxincun Rd., Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Chuangang Fu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120, China.
| | - Xiaofei Liang
- Huzhou Lieyuan Medical Laboratory Company Ltd., No. 800, Rujiadian Rd., Huzhou, 313000, China.
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 389, Putuoxincun Rd., Shanghai, 200065, China.
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Wu G, Geng H, Xu R, Deng M, Yang C, Xun C, Wang Y, Cai Q, Chen P. Preparation of a CaTiO 3/Al 3+/Pr 3+/Sm 3+ nanocomposite for enrichment of exosomes in human serum. Talanta 2021; 226:122186. [PMID: 33676717 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes (30-200 nm) play important roles in intercellular communication. Because their contents differ between healthy individuals and subjects diagnosed with various diseases, exosomes have been regarded as potential sources of biomarkers for clinical diagnosis. However, the accuracy of diagnosis by exosomal biomarkers is highly dependent on the extraction efficiency, yield, and the quality of exosomes. Hence, inexpensive, convenient, and fast exosome separation methods are required. In the present study, the CaTiO3/Al3+/Pr3+/Sm3+ nanocomposite was synthesized and applied in highly selective and efficient separation of exosomes. Notably, the developed material exhibited higher specificity and efficiency than commercially available TiO2. Moreover, CaTiO3/Al3+/Pr3+/Sm3+ could be reused at least three times without any significant decrease in efficiency. The synthesized material was also used for the extraction of exosomes from the serums of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and healthy controls. The exosomes were subjected to two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) separation and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI TOF/TOF) mass spectrometry analysis. It was found that five proteins in the exosomes were evidently upregulated, while one protein was downregulated. Among the detected proteins, serum amyloid P-component (SAP) has been reported to be closely related to pathogenesis of AD. The obtained results indicated that the developed method involving separation and analysis of serum exosomes could be used for disease diagnosis or postoperative clinical monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyao Wu
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, PR China
| | - Hongchao Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Rongfang Xu
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, PR China
| | - Min Deng
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, PR China
| | - Changcheng Yang
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, PR China
| | - Chengfeng Xun
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, PR China
| | - Ying Wang
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, PR China
| | - Qingyun Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China.
| | - Ping Chen
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, PR China.
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