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Xie W, Wang W, Meng S, Wu X, Liu X, Liu Y, Kang X, Su Y, Lv X, Guo L, Wang C. A novel hypoxia-stimulated lncRNA HIF1A-AS3 binds with YBX1 to promote ovarian cancer tumorigenesis by suppressing p21 and AJAP1 transcription. Mol Carcinog 2023; 62:1860-1876. [PMID: 37589417 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia is characteristic of the ovarian tumor (OC) microenvironment and profoundly affects tumorigenesis and therapeutic response. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play various roles in tumor progression; however, the characteristics of lncRNAs in pathological responses of the OC microenvironment are not entirely understood. Through high-throughput sequencing, lncRNA expression in hypoxia (1% O2 ) and normoxia (21% O2 ) SKOV3 cells was explored and analyzed. The 5'- and 3'-rapid amplification of complementary DNA ends was used to detect the full length of the novel HIF1A-AS3 transcript. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to assess HIF1A-AS3 expression in OC cells and tissues. In vitro and in vivo evaluations of the biological functions of hypoxic HIF1A-AS3 were conducted. To clarify the underlying mechanisms of HIF1A-AS3 in hypoxic OC, a dual-luciferase assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation, RNA pull-down, RNA immunoprecipitation, and RNA-sequencing were used. We used high-throughput sequencing to investigate a novel lncRNA, HIF1A-AS3, as a hypoxic candidate significantly elevated in OC cells/tissues. HIF1A-AS3 was predominantly localized in the nucleus and promoted in vitro and in vivo OC growth and tumorigenesis. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α bound to hypoxia response elements in the HIF1A-AS3 promoter region and stimulated its expression in hypoxia. Under hypoxia, HIF1A-AS3 directly integrated with Y-Box binding protein 1 and inhibited its ability to bind to the promoters of p21 and AJAP1 to repress their transcriptional activity, thereby promoting hypoxic OC progression. Our results revealed the crucial role and mechanism of the novel hypoxic HIF1A-AS3 in the oncogenesis of OC. The novel HIF1A-AS3 could be a crucial biomarker and therapeutic target for future OC treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Xie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weijiao Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Silu Meng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xue Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuhuan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Kang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue Su
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaofeng Lv
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lili Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Changyu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Wan L, Li L, Zhang H, Liu C, Li R, Wu X, Chen J. The changing pattern of common respiratory viruses among children from 2018 to 2021 in Wuhan, China. Arch Virol 2023; 168:291. [PMID: 37962775 PMCID: PMC10645662 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-023-05891-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute respiratory infections in children are a global public health challenge. Owing to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, non-pharmaceutical interventions, including patient isolation, social distancing, hand washing, and mask wearing, have been widely implemented, impacting the transmission of common respiratory viruses. The aim of this study was to clarify the epidemiological features of respiratory viruses in children less than 14 years of age in Wuhan before and after COVID-19. METHODS Respiratory specimens were collected from patients aged < 14 years at two hospitals in Wuhan, China, from January 2018 to December 2021. Seven respiratory viruses were identified using an immunofluorescence assay. Pathogen profiles and seasonality were analysed. RESULTS The number of visits and virus detection rate decreased dramatically after February 2020. The respiratory virus detection rate peaked in January and December and decreased dramatically in February and August. The detection rate was lower in 2021 than in 2018 and 2019. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was identified as the leading pathogen in children aged < 1 year and 1-4 years before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. In children aged 5-14 years, influenza virus was detected at the highest rate before, and RSV after, the COVID-19 pandemic. RSV was the most common virus in coinfections. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed the epidemiological patterns of common respiratory viruses from 2018 to 2021. The spectrum of pathogens involved in paediatric respiratory infections had partly changed. Non-pharmaceutical interventions resulted in fewer opportunities for the spread of common viruses but also in an "immunity debt" that could have negative consequences when the pandemic is under control in Wuhan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Liangyu Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Haiyue Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chan Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ruiyun Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Jianjun Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Center for Biosafety Mega Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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3
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Kang E, Kim HK, Lee HB, Han W. Never in mitosis gene A-related kinase-8 promotes proliferation, migration, invasion, and stemness of breast cancer cells via β-catenin signalling activation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6829. [PMID: 37100815 PMCID: PMC10133229 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32631-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Never in mitosis gene A (NIMA)-related kinase-8 (NEK8) is involved in cell cycle progression, cytoskeleton development, and DNA damage repair. However, its role in breast cancer has not yet been explored. To investigate this, NEK8 was knocked down in MDA-MB-231, BT549, and HCC38 breast cancer cell lines. We observed a decrease in cell proliferation and colony formation owing to regulation of the G1/S and G2/M transitions. Furthermore, the expression of several cell cycle regulatory proteins was altered, including that of cyclin D1, cyclin B1, CDK4, CDK2, and surviving. NEK8 knockdown impaired cell migration and invasion as well as reduced the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers. Regarding stem-cell characteristics, NEK8 knockdown decreased the tumour sphere formation, aldehyde dehydrogenase activity, and stem-cell marker expression, including that of CD44, Sox2, Oct4a, and Nanog. Further analysis revealed that NEK8 interacts with β-catenin. Also, NEK8 knockdown promoted β-catenin degradation. NEK8-silenced MDA-MB-231 cells inhibited xenograft tumour growth, metastasis, and tumour initiation in vivo. Using the Oncomine and TNMplot public databases, we found a significant correlation between NEK8 overexpression and poor clinical outcomes in breast cancer patients. Thus, NEK8 may be a crucial regulator of breast cancer progression and a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunji Kang
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Kyu Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Byoel Lee
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonshik Han
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Chen L, Wang Y, Zhang B. Hypermethylation in the promoter region inhibits AJAP1 expression and activates the JAK/STAT pathway to promote prostate cancer cell migration and stem cell sphere formation. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 241:154224. [PMID: 36566599 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AJAP1 is down-regulated in multiple cancer types and plays a suppressive role in cancer progression. However, its molecular regulatory mechanism in prostate cancer has not been reported. METHODS Bioinformatics methods were employed to analyze AJAP1 expression in prostate cancer tissues and its association with TNM staging. MSP and qRT-PCR were used to quantify promoter methylation and AJAP1 expression after 5-aza-20-deoxycytidine (5-AzaC) treatment. Scratch healing assay and Transwell method were adopted to analyze the effects of aberrant AJAP1 expression, 5-AzaC and AG490 on cell migration and invasion. The levels of AJAP1 protein, EMT-related and JAK/STAT pathway-related proteins were determined by Western blot. The effects of AJAP1 aberrant expression and AG490 treatment on the sphere forming ability of prostate cancer cells were analyzed by sphere formation assay. RESULTS This study confirmed the significant down-regulation of AJAP1 expression in prostate cancer tissues and cells, and its negative correlation with TNM staging. 5-AzaC treatment led to a significant reduction of AJAP1 methylation level and a significant upregulation of AJAP1 expression, indicating that the methylation level of AJAP1 promoter may affect the expression of AJAP1. Cell function experiments found that overexpression or decreased methylation of AJAP1 inhibited epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), migration, and invasion, while silencing or increased methylation of AJAP1 had the opposite functions. JAK2/STAT3 pathway inhibiting assay found that inhibition of JAK2/STAT3 pathway significantly reduced EMT, cell migration, and stem cell sphere formation in prostate cancer. SIGNIFICANCE Therefore, investigating the influence of aberrant AJAP1 expression on functions of prostate cancer cells is conducive to our in-depth understanding of the mechanism of prostate cancer genesis and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Department of Urology,The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yunlong Wang
- Department of Urology Surgery, The People's Hospital, Tongliang District, Chongqing City 402560, China
| | - Banglin Zhang
- Department of Urology Surgery, The People's Hospital, Tongliang District, Chongqing City 402560, China.
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Tang Y, Ye C, Zeng J, Zhu P, Cheng S, Zeng W, Yang B, Liu Y, Yu Y. Identification of a basement membrane-based risk scoring system for prognosis prediction and individualized therapy in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Front Genet 2023; 14:1038924. [PMID: 36816030 PMCID: PMC9935575 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1038924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) belongs to one of the 10 most frequently diagnosed cancers worldwide and has a poor prognosis at the advanced stage. Although multiple therapeutic agents have been proven to be curative in ccRCC, their clinical application was limited due to the lack of reliable biomarkers. Considering the important role of basement membrane (BM) in tumor metastasis and TME regulation, we investigated the expression of BM-related genes in ccRCC and identified prognostic BM genes through differentially expression analysis and univariate cox regression analysis. Then, BM-related ccRCC subtypes were recognized through consensus non-negative matrix factorization based on the prognostic BM genes and evaluated with regard to clinical and TME features. Next, utilizing the differentially expressed genes between the BM-related subtypes, a risk scoring system BMRS was established after serial analysis of univariate cox regression analysis, lasso regression analysis, and multivariate cox regression analysis. Time-dependent ROC curve revealed the satisfactory prognosis predictive capacity of BMRS with internal, and external validation. Multivariate analysis proved the independent predictive ability of BMRS and a BMRS-based nomogram was constructed for clinical application. Some featured mutants were discovered through genomic analysis of the BMRS risk groups. Meanwhile, the BMRS groups were found to have distinct immune scores, immune cell infiltration levels, and immune-related functions. Moreover, with the help of data from The Cancer Immunome Atlas (TCIA) and Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC), the potential of BMRS in predicting therapeutic response was evaluated and some possible therapeutic compounds were proposed through ConnectivityMap (CMap). For the practicability of BMRS, we validated the expression of BMRS-related genes in clinical samples. After all, we identified BM-related ccRCC subtypes with distinct clinical and TME features and constructed a risk scoring system for the prediction of prognosis, therapeutic responses, and potential therapeutic agents of ccRCC. As ccRCC systemic therapy continues to evolve, the risk scoring system BMRS we reported may assist in individualized medication administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Tang
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chujin Ye
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayi Zeng
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shouyu Cheng
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weinan Zeng
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bowen Yang
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanjun Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yuming Yu, ; Yanjun Liu,
| | - Yuming Yu
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yuming Yu, ; Yanjun Liu,
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Zhou H, Xie T, Gao Y, Zhan X, Dong Y, Liu D, Xu Y. A novel prognostic model based on six methylation-driven genes predicts overall survival for patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:996291. [PMID: 36330441 PMCID: PMC9623106 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.996291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a lethal urological malignancy. DNA methylation is involved in the regulation of ccRCC occurrence and progression. This study aimed to establish a prognostic model based on DNA methylation to predict the overall survival (OS) of patients with ccRCC. To create this model, we used the transcriptome and DNA methylation data of patients with ccRCC from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. We then used the MethylMix R package to identify methylation-driven genes, and LASSO regression and multivariate Cox regression analyses established the prognostic risk model, from which we derived risk scores. We incorporated these risk scores and clinical parameters to develop a prognostic nomogram to predict 3-, 5-, and 7-year overall survival, and its predictive power was validated using the ArrayExpress cohort. These analyses identified six methylation-driven genes (SAA1, FUT6, SPATA18, SHROOM3, AJAP1, and NPEPL1) that produced risk scores, which were sorted into high- and low-risk patient groups. These two groups differed in nomogram-predicted prognosis, the extent of immune cell infiltration, tumor mutational burden, and expected response to additional therapies. In conclusion, we established a nomogram based on six DNA methylation-driven genes with excellent accuracy for prognostic prediction in ccRCC patients. This nomogram model might provide novel insights into the epigenetic mechanism and individualized treatment of ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmin Zhou
- Department of Urology, Shanghai 10th People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tiancheng Xie
- Department of Urology, Shanghai 10th People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuchen Gao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai 10th People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangcheng Zhan
- Department of Urology, Shanghai 10th People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunze Dong
- Department of Urology, Shanghai 10th People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ding Liu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai 10th People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunfei Xu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai 10th People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yunfei Xu,
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Znhit1 and HIF-2α are correlated with cancer stem cell markers in breast cancer patients. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13918. [PMID: 35978075 PMCID: PMC9385614 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18133-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic alterations have emerged as fundamental players in development and progression of breast cancer (BC). A hypoxic tumour microenvironment regulates the stemness phenotype in breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs). The aim of this study was to investigate Znhit1 and HIF-2α gene expression in breast cancer tissues as well as their relation to CSCs markers LGR5, ALDH1A1 and β-catenin in tissue and serum of BC patients. The present study included 160 females divided into two groups, group I: 80 healthy females served as control group and group II: 80 breast cancer patients. Gene expression of tissue Znhit1 and HIF-2α was determined by qRT-PCR. Tissue and serum ALDH1A1, LGR5 and β-catenin levels were determined by ELISA. We found that gene expression of Znhit1 was significantly downregulated in BC tissues. Moreover, it was significantly negatively correlated with clinical stage and β-catenin levels in BC patients. Regarding HIF-2α, gene expression of HIF-2α was significantly upregulated in BC tissues. Moreover, it was significantly positively correlated with Her-2/neu expression and β-catenin levels in BC patients. Based upon our results, Znhit1 and HIF-2α may serve as novel therapeutic targets for BC therapy. Additionally, each of serum ALDH1A1, LGR5 and β-catenin may play a crucial role in non-invasive detection of BC with a high specificity and sensitivity.
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Xu C, Wang F, Hao L, Liu J, Shan B, Lv S, Han X, Pan Y, Niu Y. Expression Patterns of Ezrin and AJAP1 and Clinical Significance in Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:831507. [PMID: 35311087 PMCID: PMC8931223 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.831507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ezrin and adherens junction-associated protein 1 (AJAP1) are structural proteins which are involved in numerous human malignancies. However, little is known about the relationship between them in breast cancer. This study was set out to investigate the relationship between them and to further explore the mechanism of AJAP1-mediating cytoskeleton in breast cancer progression. Ezrin and AJAP1 expressions were detected in 377 samples of breast cancer by immunohistochemistry, and different expression patterns between AJAP1 and Ezrin with clinicopathological parameters were analyzed. Besides, univariate and multivariate Cox models were used to evaluate their prognostic potential. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blot, qRT-PCR, and phalloidin staining of F-actin were used to explore the relationship and the mechanism between AJAP1 and Ezrin in cytoskeleton arrangement. 377 cases of breast cancer results showed that AJAP1 expression was negatively related with histological grade and lymph node involvement and could be an independent prognosis marker of breast cancer. AJAP1 expression tended to be higher in the Ezrin-negative expression case. Patients with AJAP1negative and Ezrinpositive expression had a worse prognosis (p < 0.0001) and shorter DFS (p = 0.015). More importantly, AJAP1 depletion increased the cell ability of F-actin formation through promoting Ezrin expression. AJAP1 depletion might mediate breast cancer malignancy potential through promoting Ezrin expression and cytoskeleton formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Li Hao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Benjie Shan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Shuhua Lv
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin People’s Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinghua Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Xinghua Han, ; Yueyin Pan, ; Yun Niu,
| | - Yueyin Pan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Xinghua Han, ; Yueyin Pan, ; Yun Niu,
| | - Yun Niu
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Xinghua Han, ; Yueyin Pan, ; Yun Niu,
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Li Q, Zan L. Knockdown of ATG4A inhibits breast cancer progression and promotes tamoxifen chemosensitivity by suppressing autophagy. Mol Med Rep 2022; 25:101. [PMID: 35088889 PMCID: PMC8822883 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy-related 4A (ATG4A) is an autophagy regulator. The current study investigated the role of ATG4A in the development of tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer. ATG4A expression was assessed in tumor and adjacent normal tissue obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Analyses of the disease-free survival between the ATG4A high and low expression groups was then evaluated in patients with breast cancer. Cell viability and apoptosis in MCF7/R cells was detected using Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Gene set enrichment analysis identified the pathway responsible for the effects of ATG4A. The protein expression of ATG4A, LC3, p62, Bcl-2, Bax, GSK-3β, phosphorylated (p)-GSK-3β, β-catenin, cyclinD1 and c-myc in MCF and MCF7/R cells was determined using western blot. In this study, ATG4A expression was increased in the tumor tissues, and a higher ATG4A expression exhibited poor disease-free survival. While 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT) increased ATG4A expression in MCF7 and MCF7/R cells, ATG4A expression decreased in the cells treated with 3-methyladenine (3MA). Treatment with 4-OHT and rapamycin (an autophagy activator) increased the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio, LC3 puncta number and decreased the level of p62 in MCF7/R cells. However, the effects of 4-OHT and rapamycin were reversed by 3MA and knockdown of ATG4A, respectively. After treatment with 4-OHT, knockdown of ATG4A suppressed proliferation, triggered apoptosis, decreased the expression of Bcl-2, β-catenin, cyclin D1 and c-myc, and increased the expression of Bax and p-GSK3β in MCF7/R cells. Moreover, SKL2001, an activator of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, reversed the effects of ATG4A knockdown on cell viability and apoptosis in MCF7/R cells. In conclusion, the knockdown of ATG4A inhibited the anticancer effects of 4-OHT in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfang Li
- Division II, Department of Oncology, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264001, P.R. China
| | - Lingling Zan
- Department 1 of Mammary Gland, Linyi Cancer Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276000, P.R. China
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Takkar S, Sharma V, Ghosh S, Suri A, Sarkar C, Kulshreshtha R. Hypoxia-inducible miR-196a modulates glioblastoma cell proliferation and migration through complex regulation of NRAS. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2021; 44:433-451. [PMID: 33469841 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-020-00580-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive malignant brain tumor in humans. Hypoxia has been correlated with the aggressive form of glial tumors, poor prognosis, recurrence and resistance to various therapies. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as critical mediators of hypoxic responses and have shown great potential for cancer diagnostics and therapeutics. Here, we focus on the regulatory and functional characterization of miR-196a, a hypoxia-inducible miRNA, in GBM. METHODS Hypoxia/HIF regulation of miR-196a was assessed by RT-qPCR, promoter-luciferase and ChIP assays in GBM cell lines. miR-196a levels were analyzed in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-GBM, Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) and Indian GBM patient cohorts. miR-target interactions were studied using RNA/protein quantification and 3'UTR luciferase assays. The effect of miR-196a overexpression/inhibition was assessed on cellular viability, migration and apoptosis under hypoxia and normoxia. Microarray-based gene expression profiling studies were performrd to study the effect of miR-196a on the GBM cellular transcriptome under hypoxia. RESULTS We identified miR-196a as a hypoxia-inducible and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-regulated miRNA that plays an oncogenic role in GBM. miR-196a was found to be significantly up-regulated in TCGA-GBM, CGGA glioma as well as Indian GBM patient cohorts. miR-196a overexpression was found to induce cellular proliferation, migration, spheroid formation and colony formation and to inhibit apoptosis, while miR-196a inhibition using anti-miR-196a yielded opposite results, suggesting an oncogenic role of miR-196a in GBM. We further unveiled NRAS, AJAP1, TAOK1 and COL24A1 as direct targets of miR-196a. We also report a complex competitive regulation of oncogenic NRAS by miR-196a, miR-146a and let-7 in GBM. Analysis of microarray-based gene expression data obtained by miR-196a inhibition under hypoxia revealed a role of miR-196a in HIF, calcium adhesion, Wnt and cell adhesion pathways. Interestingly, miR-196a was found to positively regulate the expression of various genes involved in the induction or stabilization of HIFs and in maintenance of hypoxic conditions, thereby suggesting the existence of an indirect miR-196a/HIF positive feedback loop under hypoxia. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our work identifies a novel association between hypoxia/HIF signalling and miR-196a in GBM and suggests its therapeutic significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Takkar
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Vikas Sharma
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Sourabh Ghosh
- Department of Textile and Fibre Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, 110016, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashish Suri
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, 110029, New Delhi, India
| | - Chitra Sarkar
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, 110029, New Delhi, India
| | - Ritu Kulshreshtha
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India.
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11
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Hirano K, Kubo M, Fukuyama Y, Namihira M. Indonesian Ginger (Bangle) Extract Promotes Neurogenesis of Human Neural Stem Cells through WNT Pathway Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4772. [PMID: 32635647 PMCID: PMC7369972 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Indonesian ginger (Zingiber purpureum Rosc.), also known as Bangle, exhibits neurotrophic effects on cultured murine cortical neurons and in the adult mouse brain, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Here, using human fetal neural stem cells (hfNSCs) as a model system for in vitro human neurogenesis, we show that Bangle extracts activate canonical WNT/β-catenin signaling. Bangle extract-treatment of hfNSCs not only promoted neuronal differentiation, but also accelerated neurite outgrowth from immature neurons. Furthermore, Bangle extracts induced expression of neurogenic genes and WNT signaling-target genes, and facilitated the accumulation of β-catenin in nuclei of hfNSC. Interestingly, altered histone modifications were also observed in Bangle-treated hfNSCs. Together, these findings demonstrate that Bangle contributes to hfNSC neurogenesis by WNT pathway and epigenetic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumi Hirano
- Molecular Neurophysiology Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, The National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Miwa Kubo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan; (M.K.); (Y.F.)
| | - Yoshiyasu Fukuyama
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan; (M.K.); (Y.F.)
| | - Masakazu Namihira
- Molecular Neurophysiology Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, The National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
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12
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Yan YL, Huang ZN, Zhu Z, Cui YY, Li MQ, Huang RM, Yan J, Shen B. Downregulation of TET1 Promotes Bladder Cancer Cell Proliferation and Invasion by Reducing DNA Hydroxymethylation of AJAP1. Front Oncol 2020; 10:667. [PMID: 32528872 PMCID: PMC7253684 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ten-eleven translocation 1 (TET1) is a member of methylcytosine dioxygenase, which catalyzes 5-methylcytosine (5 mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5 hmC) to promote the demethylation process. The dysregulated TET1 protein and 5 hmC level were reported to either suppress or promote carcinogenesis in a cancer type-dependent manner. Currently, the role of TET1 in the development of urinary bladder cancer (UBC) and its underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Herein, we found that TET1 expression was downregulated in UBC specimens compared with normal urothelium and was inversely related to tumor stage and grade and overall survival, suggesting its negative association with UBC progression. TET1 silencing in UBC cells increased cell proliferation and invasiveness while the ectopic expression of wild-type TET1-CD, but not its enzymatic inactive mutant, reversed these effects and suppressed tumorigenicity in vivo. In addition, as a direct regulator of TET1 activity, vitamin C treatment increased 5 hmC level and inhibited the anchorage-independent growth and tumorigenicity of UBC cells. Furthermore, we found that TET1 maintained the hypomethylation in the promoter of the AJAP1 gene, which codes for adherens junction-associated protein 1. The downregulation of AJAP1 reversed TET1-CD-induced nuclear translocation of β-catenin, thus inhibiting the expression of its downstream genes. In human UBC specimens, AJAP1 is frequently downregulated and positively associated with TET1. Notably, low expression levels of both TET1 and AJAP1 predict poor prognosis in UBC patients. In conclusion, we found that the frequently downregulated TET1 level reduces the hydroxymethylation of AJAP1 promoter and subsequently activates β-catenin signaling to promote UBC development. The downregulation of both TET1 and AJAP1 might be a promising prognostic biomarker for UBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lin Yan
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng-Nan Huang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Zhu
- Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang-Yan Cui
- Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mei-Qian Li
- Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui-Min Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Shen
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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13
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Wang L, Xu C, Liu X, Yang Y, Cao L, Xiang G, Liu F, Wang S, Liu J, Meng Q, Jiao J, Niu Y. TGF-β1 stimulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer-associated myoepithelial cell during the progression from in situ to invasive breast cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:343. [PMID: 31889895 PMCID: PMC6923856 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-1068-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The progression of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) into invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) is prevented by normal breast myoepithelial cells. Studies have suggested that EMT-associated genes were enriched in IDC in contrast to DCIS. This paper explored the relationship and potential mechanism between myoepithelial cells and EMT-associated genes in facilitating the transformation from DCIS to breast cancer. Methods EMT markers and myoepithelial phenotypic markers in IDC, DCIS, and healthy breast tissue were characterized using immunohistochemical assay. Both in vivo and in vitro models were created to mimic the various cell–cell interactions in the development of invasive breast cancer. Results We found that EMT markers were more abundant in invasive carcinomas than DCIS and adjacent normal breast tissue. Meanwhile, TGF-β1 regulated the morphology of MCF-7 (epithelial cells substitute) migration and EMT markers during the transformation from DCIS to invasive breast cancer. Additionally, TGF-β1 also regulated invasion, migration and cytokines secretion of MDA-MB-231 (myoepithelial cells substitute) and epithelial cells when co-cultured with MCF-7 both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions In conclusion, these findings demonstrated that both EMT phenotypes and cancer-associated myoepithelial cells may have an impact on the development of invasive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, West Huanhu Road, Ti Yuan Bei, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060 China.,2The Second Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060 China
| | - Cong Xu
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, West Huanhu Road, Ti Yuan Bei, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060 China.,3Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060 China
| | - Xia Liu
- 5Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052 China
| | - Yang Yang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, West Huanhu Road, Ti Yuan Bei, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060 China.,3Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060 China
| | - Lu Cao
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, West Huanhu Road, Ti Yuan Bei, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060 China.,3Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060 China
| | - Guomin Xiang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, West Huanhu Road, Ti Yuan Bei, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060 China.,3Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060 China
| | - Fang Liu
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, West Huanhu Road, Ti Yuan Bei, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060 China.,3Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060 China
| | - Shuling Wang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, West Huanhu Road, Ti Yuan Bei, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060 China.,4Department of Breast Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060 China
| | - Jing Liu
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, West Huanhu Road, Ti Yuan Bei, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060 China.,3Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060 China
| | - Qingxiang Meng
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, West Huanhu Road, Ti Yuan Bei, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060 China.,3Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060 China
| | - Jiao Jiao
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, West Huanhu Road, Ti Yuan Bei, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060 China.,3Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060 China
| | - Yun Niu
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, West Huanhu Road, Ti Yuan Bei, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060 China.,3Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060 China
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14
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Zou X, Yuan M, Zhang T, Wei H, Xu S, Jiang N, Zheng N, Wu Z. Extracellular vesicles expressing a single-chain variable fragment of an HIV-1 specific antibody selectively target Env + tissues. Theranostics 2019; 9:5657-5671. [PMID: 31534509 PMCID: PMC6735399 DOI: 10.7150/thno.33925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Antiretroviral therapy can effectively suppress HIV-1 replication in the peripheral blood to an undetectable level. However, elimination of the latent virus in reservoirs remains a challenge and is a major obstacle in the treatment of HIV-1-infected patients. Exosomes exhibit huge promise as an endogenous drug delivery nanosystem for delivering drugs to solid tissues given their unique properties, including low immunogenicity, innate stability, high delivery efficiency, and most importantly the ability to penetrate solid tissues due to their lipophilic properties. Methods: We engineered and expressed the scFv of a high affinity HIV-1-specific monoclonal antibody, 10E8, on the exosomal surface (10E8scFv-exos). Subsequently, the 10E8scFv-exos were loaded with curcumin (Cur), a chemical that kills HIV-1-infected cells, or miR-143, an apoptosis-inducing miRNA. We tested the ability of 10E8scFv-exos to deliver cargo to Env+ target cells and tissues, as well as their ability to suppress HIV-1 infection. Results: 10E8scFv-exos efficiently targeted CHO cells expressing a trimeric gp140 on their surface (Env+ cells) in vitro, as demonstrated by confocal imaging and flow cytometry. 10E8scFv-exos loaded with Cur or miR-143 showed specific killing of Env+ cells. In addition, 10E8scFv-exos loaded with Cur or miR-143 could suppress p24 expression in an HIV-1 latency cell line ACH2 and in PBMCs from an ART-treated HIV-1-infected patient. In an NCG mouse model grafted with tumorigenic Env+ CHO cells and which had developed solid tissue tumors, intravenously injected 10E8scFv-exos targeted the Env-expressing tissues and delivered Cur to induce a strong suppression of the Env+ tumor growth with low toxicity. Conclusion: In principle, engineered exosomes can deliver anti-HIV agents to solid tissues by specifically targeting cells expressing viral envelop proteins and inducing cell killing, suggesting that such an approach could be developed for eradicating virus-infected cells in tissue reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zou
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng Yuan
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tongyu Zhang
- Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, China
| | - Hongxia Wei
- Department of infectious disease, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Shijie Xu
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Na Jiang
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Nan Zheng
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Medical School, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiwei Wu
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Medical School, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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