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Aluksanasuwan S, Somsuan K, Ngoenkam J, Chiangjong W, Rongjumnong A, Morchang A, Chutipongtanate S, Pongcharoen S. Knockdown of heat shock protein family D member 1 (HSPD1) in lung cancer cell altered secretome profile and cancer-associated fibroblast induction. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119736. [PMID: 38663552 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2024.119736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
The crosstalk between lung cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) is pivotal in cancer progression. Heat shock protein family D member 1 (HSPD1) is a potential prognostic biomarker associated with the tumor microenvironment in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). However, the role of HSPD1 in CAF activation remains unclear. This study established stable HSPD1-knockdown A549 lung cancer cells using a lentivirus-mediated shRNA transduction. A targeted label-free proteomic analysis identified six significantly altered secretory proteins in the shHSPD1-A549 secretome compared to shControl-A549. Functional enrichment analysis highlighted their involvement in cell-to-cell communication and immune responses within the tumor microenvironment. Additionally, most altered proteins exhibited positive correlations and significant prognostic impacts on LUAD patient survival. Investigations on the effects of lung cancer secretomes on lung fibroblast WI-38 cells revealed that the shControl-A549 secretome stimulated fibroblast proliferation, migration, and CAF marker expression. These effects were reversed upon the knockdown of HSPD1 in A549 cells. Altogether, our findings illustrate the role of HSPD1 in mediating CAF induction through secretory proteins, potentially contributing to the progression and aggressiveness of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siripat Aluksanasuwan
- School of Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand; Cancer and Immunology Research Unit (CIRU), Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand.
| | - Keerakarn Somsuan
- School of Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand; Cancer and Immunology Research Unit (CIRU), Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Jatuporn Ngoenkam
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Wararat Chiangjong
- Pediatric Translational Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Artitaya Rongjumnong
- Cancer and Immunology Research Unit (CIRU), Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Atthapan Morchang
- School of Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand; Cancer and Immunology Research Unit (CIRU), Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Somchai Chutipongtanate
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0056, USA
| | - Sutatip Pongcharoen
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.
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Wen X, Pu L, Wencheng Z, Tengfei M, Guangshun W. Immune cell-related prognostic risk model and tumor immune environment modulation in esophageal carcinoma based on single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing. Thorac Cancer 2024; 15:1176-1186. [PMID: 38587029 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.15301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune cells play a pivotal role in the tumor microenvironment, exerting significant influence on tumor progression and patient outcomes, but the current biomarkers are insufficient to fully capture the complex and diverse tumor immune microenvironment and the impact of immunotherapy. METHODS The advent of single-cell sequencing allows us to explore the tumor microenvironment at an unprecedented resolution, enabling the identification and characterization of distinct subsets of immune cells, thereby paving the way for the development of prognostic models using immune cells. Leveraging single-cell data, our study deeply investigated the intricacies of immune microenvironment heterogeneity in esophageal carcinoma. RESULTS We elucidated the composition, functionality, evolution, and intercellular communication patterns of immune cells, culminating in the construction of an independent prognostic model at the single-cell level. Furthermore, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of disparities in immune infiltration and immune checkpoint expression between patients categorized into high- and low-risk groups, which may impact patient prognosis. CONCLUSION In summary, our study harnessed multiomics data to delineate the immune profile of esophageal carcinoma patients, provide a method for leveraging molecular signatures of immune cells to identify potential biomarkers, while concurrently providing evidence for the potential benefits of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wen
- Department of Oncology, Tianjin Baodi Hospital, Baodi Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Liu Pu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory on Big Data for Bio Intelligence, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhang Wencheng
- Department of Oncology, Tianjin Baodi Hospital, Baodi Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ma Tengfei
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Wang Guangshun
- Department of Oncology, Tianjin Baodi Hospital, Baodi Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Walczak-Nowicka ŁJ, Szopa A, Pitucha M, Serefko A, Pachuta-Stec A, Pawłowski K, Gawrońska-Grzywacz M, Lachowicz J, Herbet M. Newly synthesized derivatives with a thiosemicarbazide group reduce the viability of cancer cell lines. Acute toxicity assessment in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) early life stages. Toxicol In Vitro 2024; 95:105741. [PMID: 38030050 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Due to the variability and ability of tumor to mutate, as well as the heterogeneity of tumor tissue, such drugs are sought that would act selectively and multidirectionally on the cancer cell. Therefore, two newly synthesized semicarbazide structured substances were evaluated for anticancer properties in our study: 1a and 1b. In order to evaluate the cytotoxicity and selectivity of the tested compounds, MTT and Neutral Red uptake assay on cell lines (HEK293, LN229, 769-P, HepG2 and NCI-H1563) and cell cycle analysis were performed. Acute toxicity and cardiotoxicity were also evaluated in the zebrafish model. The tested compounds (1a, 1b) showed cytotoxic activity, with the greatest selectivity noted against the glioblastoma multiforme cell line (LN229). However, compound 1b showed stronger selective activity than 1a. Both of compounds were shown to significantly affect the M phase of the cell cycle. Whereas, the conducted toxicological examination of newly synthesized thiosemicarbazide derivates showed, that direct exposition of Danio rerio embryos to compound 1a, but not 1b, causes a concentration-dependent increase in developmental malformations, indicating possible teratogenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łucja Justyna Walczak-Nowicka
- Chair and Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 8 Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Szopa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy an d Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Monika Pitucha
- Independent Radiopharmacy Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University, 4A Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Serefko
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy an d Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Pachuta-Stec
- Independent Radiopharmacy Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University, 4A Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Kamil Pawłowski
- Chair and Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 8 Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Monika Gawrońska-Grzywacz
- Chair and Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 8 Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Joanna Lachowicz
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy an d Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Mariola Herbet
- Chair and Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 8 Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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Zhang Y, Ma X, Liu C, Bie Z, Liu G, Liu P, Yang Z. Identification of HSPD1 as a novel invasive biomarker associated with mitophagy in pituitary adenomas. Transl Oncol 2024; 41:101886. [PMID: 38290248 PMCID: PMC10840335 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2024.101886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The crucial role of mitophagy in tumor progression has been recognized. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate the potential correlation between pituitary adenoma invasiveness and the mitophagy processes. METHODS In this study, we used transcriptomics of postoperative tissue from 32 patients and quantitative proteomics of 19 patients to screen for mitophagy-related invasion genes in pituitary adenomas. The invasive predictive value of target genes was analyzed by Lasso regression model, CytoHubba plugin and expression validation. Co-expression correlation analysis was used to identify paired proteins for target genes, and a predictive model for pituitary adenoma invasiveness was constructed by target genes and paired proteins and assessed using ROC analysis, calibration curves and DCA. GO function, pathway (GSEA or GSVA) and immune cell analysis (ssGSEA or CIBERSORT) were further utilized to explore the action mechanism of target gene. Finally, immunohistochemistry and cell function experiments were used to detect the differential expression and key roles of the target genes in pituitary adenomas. RESULTS Finally, Heat shock protein family D member 1 (HSPD1) was identified as a target gene. The quality of a predictive model for pituitary adenoma invasiveness consisting of HSPD1 and its paired protein expression profiles was satisfactory. Moreover, the expression of HSPD1 was significantly lower in invasive pituitary adenomas than in non-invasive pituitary adenomas. Downregulation of HSPD1 may be significantly related to invasion process, mitochondria-related pathway and immune cell regulation in pituitary adenomas. CONCLUSION The downregulation of HSPD1 may serve as a predictive indicator for identifying invasive pituitary adenomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xin Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Congyu Liu
- School of Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhixu Bie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Gemingtian Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Pinan Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China; Department of Neural Reconstruction, Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Zhijun Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China.
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Song C, Liu Q, Qin J, Liu L, Zhou Z, Yang H. UCP2 promotes NSCLC proliferation and glycolysis via the mTOR/HIF-1α signaling. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e6938. [PMID: 38217303 PMCID: PMC10905227 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic disturbance is a hallmark of cancers. Targeting key metabolic pathways and metabolism-related molecular could be a potential therapeutic approach. Uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) plays a pivotal part in the malignancy of cancer and its capacity to develop resistance to pharmaceutical interventions. However, it is unclear about the mechanism of how UCP2 acts in the tumor growth and metabolic reprogramming process in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS Here, we conducted qRT-PCR to investigate the expression of UCP2 in both NSCLC tissues and cell lines. Subsequent functional studies including colony formation assay, CCK-8 assay, and glycolysis assay were conducted to investigate the functions of UCP2 in NSCLC. The regulatory mechanism of UCP2 toward the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) signaling in NSCLC was confirmed through western blotting. RESULTS We observed a significant upregulation of UCP2 in both NSCLC tissues and cell lines. The increased expression of UCP2 has a strong association with a worse outlook. Silencing UCP2 remarkably dampened NSCLC cell proliferation and glycolysis capacities. Mechanically, UCP2 promoted NSCLC tumorigenesis partially via regulating the mTOR/HIF-1α axis. CONCLUSION Taken together, we explored the functions as well as the mechanisms of the UCP2/mTOR/HIF-1α axis in NSCLC progression, uncovering potential biological signatures and targets for NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cailu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - Qing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - Jing Qin
- Changde Hospital, Xiangya School of MedicineCentral South University (The First People's Hospital Of Changde City)ChangdeChina
| | - Lingrui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhigang Zhou
- Changde Hospital, Xiangya School of MedicineCentral South University (The First People's Hospital Of Changde City)ChangdeChina
| | - Han Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
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Aluksanasuwan S, Somsuan K, Ngoenkam J, Chutipongtanate S, Pongcharoen S. Potential association of HSPD1 with dysregulations in ribosome biogenesis and immune cell infiltration in lung adenocarcinoma: An integrated bioinformatic approach. Cancer Biomark 2024; 39:155-170. [PMID: 37694354 PMCID: PMC11091585 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-220442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a major histological subtype of lung cancer with a high mortality rate worldwide. Heat shock protein family D member 1 (HSPD1, also known as HSP60) is reported to be increased in tumor tissues of lung cancer patients compared with healthy control tissues. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the roles of HSPD1 in prognosis, carcinogenesis, and immune infiltration in LUAD using an integrative bioinformatic analysis. METHODS HSPD1 expression in LUAD was investigated in several transcriptome-based and protein databases. Survival analysis was performed using the KM plotter and OSluca databases, while prognostic significance was independently confirmed through univariate and multivariate analyses. Integrative gene interaction network and enrichment analyses of HSPD1-correlated genes were performed to investigate the roles of HSPD1 in LUAD carcinogenesis. TIMER and TISIDB were used to analyze correlation between HSPD1 expression and immune cell infiltration. RESULTS The mRNA and protein expressions of HSPD1 were higher in LUAD compared with normal tissues. High HSPD1 expression was associated with male gender and LUAD with advanced stages. High HSPD1 expression was an independent prognostic factor associated with poor survival in LUAD patients. HSPD1-correlated genes with prognostic impact were mainly involved in aberrant ribosome biogenesis, while LUAD patients with high HSPD1 expression had low tumor infiltrations of activated and immature B cells and CD4+ T cells. CONCLUSIONS HSPD1 may play a role in the regulation of ribosome biogenesis and B cell-mediated immunity in LUAD. It could serve as a predictive biomarker for prognosis and immunotherapy response in LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siripat Aluksanasuwan
- School of Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
- Cancer and Immunology Research Unit (CIRU), Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Keerakarn Somsuan
- School of Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
- Cancer and Immunology Research Unit (CIRU), Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Jatuporn Ngoenkam
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Somchai Chutipongtanate
- MILCH and Novel Therapeutics Lab, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Sutatip Pongcharoen
- Division of Immunology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
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Tian Z, Jiang S, Zhou J, Zhang W. Copper homeostasis and cuproptosis in mitochondria. Life Sci 2023; 334:122223. [PMID: 38084674 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria serve as sites for energy production and are essential for regulating various forms of cell death induced by metal metabolism, targeted anticancer drugs, radiotherapy and immunotherapy. Cuproptosis is an autonomous form of cell death that depends on copper (Cu) and mitochondrial metabolism. Although the recent discovery of cuproptosis highlights the significance of Cu and mitochondria, there is still a lack of biological evidence and experimental verification for the underlying mechanism. We provide an overview of how Cu and cuproptosis affect mitochondrial morphology and function. Through comparison with ferroptosis, similarities and differences in mitochondrial metabolism between cuproptosis and ferroptosis have been identified. These findings provide implications for further exploration of cuproptotic mechanisms. Furthermore, we explore the correlation between cuproptosis and immunotherapy or radiosensitivity. Ultimately, we emphasize the therapeutic potential of targeting cuproptosis as a novel approach for disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziying Tian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Su Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jieyu Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenling Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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Zhu Z, Feng W, Tan XY, Gu PC, Song W, Ma HT. Immune-related gene prognostic index (IRGPI) for lung adenocarcinoma predicts patient prognosis and immunotherapy response. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2023; 16:260-281. [PMID: 37970331 PMCID: PMC10641371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We searched for a predictive biomarker that also predicts whether patients would benefit from immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) treatment from a few angles, because existing biomarkers no longer wholly replicate the interconnections of distinctive elements in the tumor microenvironment (TME). METHODS We identified 55 pivotal IRGs by performing a WGCNA and univariate Cox regression analysis on a lung adenocarcinoma dataset from the TCGA database. The IRGPI model was then constructed using multivariate Cox regression analysis, which identified 16 genes and verified the use of the GSE68465 database. The AUC of the IRGPI was compared to those of the current biomarkers to determine its predictive potential. Then we examined the molecular and immunological properties of ICB and assessed its effectiveness using CTLA4 expression and TIDE. RESULTS Patients with a high IRGPI had a later clinical stage, more severe symptoms, and a worse prognosis. Patients with a low IRGPI had a higher immune escape potential and were less responsive to immunotherapy. CONCLUSION The IRGPI may be a biomarker for determining the prognosis of patients and whether they respond favorably to ICB therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital (Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Medical Center of Soochow University), Soochow UniversityNo. 9 Chongwen Road, Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital (Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Medical Center of Soochow University), Soochow UniversityNo. 9 Chongwen Road, Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Tan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital (Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Medical Center of Soochow University), Soochow UniversityNo. 9 Chongwen Road, Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pin-Chao Gu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital (Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Medical Center of Soochow University), Soochow UniversityNo. 9 Chongwen Road, Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Song
- Emergency Department, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital (Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Medical Center of Soochow University), Soochow UniversityNo. 9 Chongwen Road, Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hai-Tao Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital (Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Medical Center of Soochow University), Soochow UniversityNo. 9 Chongwen Road, Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu, China
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Badarni M, Gabbay S, Elkabets M, Rotblat B. Gene Expression and Drug Sensitivity Analysis of Mitochondrial Chaperones Reveals That HSPD1 and TRAP1 Expression Correlates with Sensitivity to Inhibitors of DNA Replication and Mitosis. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:988. [PMID: 37508418 PMCID: PMC10376793 DOI: 10.3390/biology12070988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria-critical metabolic hubs in eukaryotic cells-are involved in a wide range of cellular functions, including differentiation, proliferation, and death. Mitochondria import most of their proteins from the cytosol in a linear form, after which they are folded by mitochondrial chaperones. However, despite extensive research, the extent to which the function of particular chaperones is essential for maintaining specific mitochondrial and cellular functions remains unknown. In particular, it is not known whether mitochondrial chaperones influence the sensitivity to drugs used in the treatment of cancers. By mining gene expression and drug sensitivity data for cancer cell lines from publicly available databases, we identified mitochondrial chaperones whose expression is associated with sensitivity to oncology drugs targeting particular cellular pathways in a cancer-type-dependent manner. Importantly, we found the expression of TRAP1 and HSPD1 to be associated with sensitivity to inhibitors of DNA replication and mitosis. We confirmed experimentally that the expression of HSPD1 is associated with an increased sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells to drugs targeting mitosis and a reduced sensitivity to drugs promoting apoptosis. Taken together, our results support a model in which particular mitochondrial pathways hinge upon specific mitochondrial chaperones and provide the basis for understanding selectivity in mitochondrial chaperone-substrate specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Badarni
- Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Shani Gabbay
- National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Life Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Moshe Elkabets
- Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Barak Rotblat
- National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Life Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
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Shuvalov O, Kirdeeva Y, Fefilova E, Netsvetay S, Zorin M, Vlasova Y, Fedorova O, Daks A, Parfenyev S, Barlev N. 20-Hydroxyecdysone Confers Antioxidant and Antineoplastic Properties in Human Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13050656. [PMID: 37233697 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13050656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
20-Hydroxyecdysone (20E) is an arthropod hormone which is synthesized by some plants as part of their defense mechanism. In humans, 20E has no hormonal activity but possesses a number of beneficial pharmacological properties including anabolic, adaptogenic, hypoglycemic, and antioxidant properties, as well as cardio-, hepato-, and neuroprotective features. Recent studies have shown that 20E may also possess antineoplastic activity. In the present study, we reveal the anticancer properties of 20E in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) cell lines. 20E displayed significant antioxidant capacities and induced the expression of antioxidative stress response genes. The RNA-seq analysis of 20E-treated lung cancer cells revealed the attenuation of genes involved in different metabolic processes. Indeed, 20E suppressed several enzymes of glycolysis and one-carbon metabolism, as well as their key transcriptional regulators-c-Myc and ATF4, respectively. Accordingly, using the SeaHorse energy profiling approach, we observed the inhibition of glycolysis and respiration mediated by 20E treatment. Furthermore, 20E sensibilized lung cancer cells to metabolic inhibitors and markedly suppressed the expression of Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) markers. Thus, in addition to the known beneficial pharmacological activities of 20E, our data uncovered novel antineoplastic properties of 20E in NSCLC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Shuvalov
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Yulia Kirdeeva
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elizaveta Fefilova
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Sofia Netsvetay
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Mark Zorin
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Yulia Vlasova
- Almazov National Medical Research Center Russia, 197341 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Olga Fedorova
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexandra Daks
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Sergey Parfenyev
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nickolai Barlev
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia
- School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, 001000 Astana, Kazakhstan
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
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Zhang M, Liao X, Ji G, Fan X, Wu Q. High Expression of COA6 Is Related to Unfavorable Prognosis and Enhanced Oxidative Phosphorylation in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065705. [PMID: 36982777 PMCID: PMC10056783 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial metabolism plays an important role in the occurrence and development of cancers. Cytochrome C oxidase assembly factor six (COA6) is essential in mitochondrial metabolism. However, the role of COA6 in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains unknown. Here we report that the expression of COA6 mRNA and protein were upregulated in LUAD tissues compared with lung normal tissues. We found that COA6 had high sensitivity and specificity to distinguish LUAD tissues from normal lung tissues shown by a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. In addition, our univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that COA6 was an independent unfavorable prognostic factor for LUAD patients. Furthermore, our survival analysis and nomogram showed that a high expression of COA6 mRNA was related to the short overall survival (OS) of LUAD patients. Notably, our weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) and functional enrichment analysis revealed that COA6 may participate in the development of LUAD by affecting mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Importantly, we demonstrated that depletion of COA6 could decrease the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) + hydrogen (H) (NADH), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production in LUAD cells (A549 and H1975), hence inhibiting the proliferation of these cells in vitro. Together, our study strongly suggests that COA6 is significantly associated with the prognosis and OXPHOS in LUAD. Hence, COA6 is highly likely a novel prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target of LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao 999078, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macao 999078, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xiaohua Liao
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao 999078, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macao 999078, China
| | - Guanxu Ji
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao 999078, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macao 999078, China
| | - Xianming Fan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Correspondence: (X.F.); (Q.W.); Tel.: +86-139-8276-9572 (X.F.); +853-8897-2708 (Q.W.)
| | - Qiang Wu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao 999078, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macao 999078, China
- Correspondence: (X.F.); (Q.W.); Tel.: +86-139-8276-9572 (X.F.); +853-8897-2708 (Q.W.)
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Yang W, Li Z, Wang W, Wu J, Ye X. Five-hub genes identify potential mechanisms for the progression of asthma to lung cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e32861. [PMID: 36820598 PMCID: PMC9907931 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that asthma is a risk factor for lung cancer, while the mechanisms involved remain unclear. We attempted to further explore the association between asthma and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) via bioinformatics analysis. We obtained GSE143303 and GSE18842 from the GEO database. Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) groups were downloaded from the TCGA database. Based on the results of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between asthma and NSCLC, we determined common DEGs by constructing a Venn diagram. Enrichment analysis was used to explore the common pathways of asthma and NSCLC. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to screen hub genes. KM survival analysis was performed to screen prognostic genes in the LUAD and LUSC groups. A Cox model was constructed based on hub genes and validated internally and externally. Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) was used to evaluate the association of prognostic gene models with the tumor microenvironment (TME) and immune cell infiltration. Nomogram model was constructed by combining prognostic genes and clinical features. 114 common DEGs were obtained based on asthma and NSCLC data, and enrichment analysis showed that significant enrichment pathways mainly focused on inflammatory pathways. Screening of 5 hub genes as a key prognostic gene model for asthma progression to LUAD, and internal and external validation led to consistent conclusions. In addition, the risk score of the 5 hub genes could be used as a tool to assess the TME and immune cell infiltration. The nomogram model constructed by combining the 5 hub genes with clinical features was accurate for LUAD. Five-hub genes enrich our understanding of the potential mechanisms by which asthma contributes to the increased risk of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichang Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhouhua Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Juan Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaoqun Ye
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- * Correspondence: Xiaoqun Ye, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People’s Republic of China (e-mail: )
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Parma B, Wurdak H, Ceppi P. Harnessing mitochondrial metabolism and drug resistance in non-small cell lung cancer and beyond by blocking heat-shock proteins. Drug Resist Updat 2022; 65:100888. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2022.100888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Mulati S, Jiang R, Wang J, Tao Y, Zhang W. 6-Shogaol Exhibits a Promoting Effect with Tax via Binding HSP60 in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223678. [PMID: 36429106 PMCID: PMC9688423 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a prevalent malignant tumor with high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Although surgical resection, adjuvant radiotherapy/chemotherapy, and targeted molecular therapy are the cornerstones of NSCLC treatment, NSCLC is associated with high recurrence rates and drug resistance. This study analyzed the potential targets and pathways of 6-Shogaol (6-SH) in NSCLC, showing that 6-SH binds to heat-shock 60 kDa protein (HSP60) in A549 cells, induces cell apoptosis, and arrests the cell cycle possibly by disrupting the mitochondrial function. HSP60 was identified as the target of 6-SH and 6-SH-induced HSP60 degradation which was mediated by the proteasome. The binding of 6-SH with HSP60 altered its stability, inhibited the ERK, Stat3, PI3K, Akt, and mTOR signaling pathways, and Tax acted synergistically with 6-SH, indicating that 6-SH could be developed as a potential therapeutic agent for an NSCLC treatment.
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Tang Y, Zhou Y, Fan S, Wen Q. The Multiple Roles and Therapeutic Potential of HSP60 in Cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 201:115096. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Related Four-Biomarker Risk Classifier for Survival Evaluation in Esophageal Cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:5860671. [PMID: 35342421 PMCID: PMC8956413 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5860671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Esophageal cancer (EC) is a lethal digestive tumor worldwide with a dismal clinical outcome. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress poses essential implications for a variety of tumor malignant behaviors. Here, we set up an ER stress-based risk classifier for assessing patient outcome and exploiting robust targets for medical decision-making of EC cases. Methods 340 EC cases with transcriptome and survival data from two independent public datasets (TCGA and GEO) were recruited for this project. Cox regression analyses were employed to create a risk classifier based on ER stress-related genes (ERGs) which were strongly linked to EC cases' outcomes. Then, we detected and confirmed the predictive ability of our proposed classifier via a host of statistical methods, including survival analysis and ROC method. In addition, immune-associated algorithm was implemented to analyze the immune activity of EC samples. Results Four EGRs (BCAP31, HSPD1, PDHA1, and UBE2D1) were selected to build an EGR-related classifier (ERC). This classifier could distinguish the patients into different risky subgroups. The remarkable differences in patient outcome between the two groups were observed, and similar results were also confirmed in GEO cohort. In terms of the immune analysis, the ERC could forecast the infiltration level of immunocytes, such as Tregs and NK cells. Conclusion We created a four-ERG risk classifier which displays the powerful capability of survival evaluation for EC cases.
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Shkedi A, Taylor IR, Echtenkamp F, Ramkumar P, Alshalalfa M, Rivera-Márquez GM, Moses MA, Shao H, Karnes RJ, Neckers L, Feng F, Kampmann M, Gestwicki JE. Selective vulnerabilities in the proteostasis network of castration-resistant prostate cancer. Cell Chem Biol 2022; 29:490-501.e4. [PMID: 35108506 PMCID: PMC8934263 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2022.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is associated with an increased reliance on heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), but it is not clear what other protein homeostasis (proteostasis) factors might be involved. To address this question, we performed functional and synthetic lethal screens in four prostate cancer cell lines. These screens confirmed key roles for HSP70, HSP90, and their co-chaperones, but also suggested that the mitochondrial chaperone, HSP60/HSPD1, is selectively required in CRPC cell lines. Knockdown of HSP60 does not impact the stability of androgen receptor (AR) or its variants; rather, it is associated with loss of mitochondrial spare respiratory capacity, partly owing to increased proton leakage. Finally, transcriptional data revealed a correlation between HSP60 levels and poor survival of prostate cancer patients. These findings suggest that re-wiring of the proteostasis network is associated with CRPC, creating selective vulnerabilities that might be targeted to treat the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arielle Shkedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and the Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Isabelle R Taylor
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and the Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Frank Echtenkamp
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Poornima Ramkumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and the Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Mohamed Alshalalfa
- Radiation Oncology, Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Génesis M Rivera-Márquez
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael A Moses
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hao Shao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and the Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | | - Len Neckers
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Felix Feng
- Radiation Oncology, Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Martin Kampmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and the Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jason E Gestwicki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and the Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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Li H, Zhang H, Huang G, Bing Z, Xu D, Liu J, Luo H, An X. Loss of RPS27a expression regulates the cell cycle, apoptosis, and proliferation via the RPL11-MDM2-p53 pathway in lung adenocarcinoma cells. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2022; 41:33. [PMID: 35073964 PMCID: PMC8785590 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02230-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Depletion of certain ribosomal proteins induces p53 activation, which is mediated mainly by ribosomal protein L5 (RPL5) and/or ribosomal protein L11 (RPL11). Therefore, RPL5 and RPL11 may link RPs and p53 activation. Thus, this study aimed to explore whether RPs interact with RPL11 and regulate p53 activation in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cells. Methods The endogenous RPL11-binding proteins in A549 cells were pulled down through immunoprecipitation and identified with a proteomics approach. Docking analysis and GST-fusion protein assays were used to analyze the interaction of ribosomal protein S27a (RPS27a) and RPL11. Co-immunoprecipitation and in vitro ubiquitination assays were used to detect the effects of knockdown of RPS27a on the interaction between RPS27a and RPL11, and on p53 accumulation. Cell cycle, apoptosis, cell invasion and migration, cell viability and colony-formation assays were performed in the presence of knockdown of RPS27a. The RPS27a mRNA expression in LUAD was analyzed on the basis of the TCGA dataset, and RPS27a expression was detected through immunohistochemistry in LUAD samples. Finally, RPS27a and p53 expression was analyzed through immunohistochemistry in A549 cell xenografts with knockdown of RPS27a. Results RPS27a was identified as a novel RPL11 binding protein. GST pull-down assays revealed that RPS27a directly bound RPL11. Knockdown of RPS27a weakened the interaction between RPS27a and RPL11, but enhanced the binding of RPL11 and murine double minute 2 (MDM2), thereby inhibiting the ubiquitination and degradation of p53 by MDM2. Knockdown of RPS27a stabilized p53 in an RPL11-dependent manner and induced cell viability inhibition, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in a p53-dependent manner in A549 cells. The expression of RPS27a was upregulated in LUAD and correlated with LUAD progression and poorer prognosis. Overexpression of RPS27a correlated with upregulation of p53, MDM2 and RPL11 in LUAD clinical specimens. Knockdown of RPS27a increased p53 activation, thus, suppressing the formation of A549 cell xenografts in nude mice. Conclusions RPS27a interacts with RPL11, and RPS27a knockdown enhanced the binding of RPL11 and MDM2, thereby inhibiting MDM2-mediated p53 ubiquitination and degradation; in addition, RPS27a as important roles in LUAD progression and prognosis, and may be a therapeutic target for patients with LUAD. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-021-02230-z.
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