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Wan SS, Li XY, Liu SR, Tang S. The function of carnosic acid in lipopolysaccharides-induced hepatic and intestinal inflammation in poultry. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103415. [PMID: 38215508 PMCID: PMC10821594 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory processes are often accompanied by oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, which might lead to cellular and organ damage. Carnosic acid (CA), an active component found in rosemary, exhibits pharmacological properties including antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral effects. The aim of this research was to investigate whether CA can mitigate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in poultry and to understand its underlying mechanisms. We administered CA to broiler chickens via oral gavage and treated them with LPS, followed by analysis of the effects of different dosages of CA on body weight, antioxidative capacity, and inflammatory factors. Carnosic acid had no significant impact on the body weight of broiler chickens. However, serum analysis indicated that the middle dose of CA effectively enhanced the antioxidative capacity and reduced levels of oxidative stress and inflammation-related factors. Moreover, in the liver, CA demonstrated the ability to regulate the expression of proteins such as heat shock protein 60 (HSP60), heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), and P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (P38), suggesting its protective role against liver damage induced by LPS. In the intestinal tract of broiler chickens, CA regulated the expression and localization of proteins including HSP60, HSP70, NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 (Nrf2), and P38, while also influencing the expression of inflammatory markers such as protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C (CD45), and connexin (Cx). These findings revealed the potential protective mechanisms of CA in alleviating oxidative stress and inflammatory damage induced by LPS in poultry. Carnosic acid notably enhanced the chickens' antioxidative capacity by modulating the expression of key proteins, thereby reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory response levels. This study provides a deeper comprehension of the protective mechanisms of CA and its potential impact on avian health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Shuang Wan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xue-Yuan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Si-Rui Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shu Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Simon D, Erdő-Bonyár S, Böröcz K, Balázs N, Badawy A, Bajnok A, Nörenberg J, Serény-Litvai T, Várnagy Á, Kovács K, Hantosi E, Mezősi E, Németh P, Berki T. Altered Levels of Natural Autoantibodies against Heat Shock Proteins in Pregnant Women with Hashimoto's Thyroiditis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1423. [PMID: 38338701 PMCID: PMC10855109 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The function of natural autoantibodies (nAAbs) in maintaining immunological tolerance has been comprehensively explained; however, their function in pregnant patients dealing with autoimmune diseases has not been thoroughly investigated. As Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is the predominant organ-specific autoimmune condition of women of childbearing age, this study's objective was to evaluate IgM and IgG nAAbs targeting mitochondrial citrate synthase (CS) and heat shock proteins (Hsp60 and Hsp70) in women diagnosed with HT who were pregnant (HTP). Serum samples collected from HTP and healthy pregnant (HP) women in the first and third trimesters were tested using in-house-developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Our findings indicate the stability of nAAbs against CS and Hsps throughout the pregnancies of both healthy women and those with HT. However, during both trimesters, HTP patients displayed elevated levels of IgM isotype nAAbs against Hsp60 and Hsp70 compared to HP women, suggesting a regulatory role of IgM nAAbs during the pregnancies of patients with HT. Nonetheless, levels of IgG isotype nAAbs against Hsps were lower solely in the third trimester among HTP patients, resulting in a higher IgM/IgG ratio, which indicates their importance in alterations of the nAAb network during pregnancy in patients with HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diána Simon
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Szabina Erdő-Bonyár
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Katalin Böröcz
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Noémi Balázs
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ahmed Badawy
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Anna Bajnok
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Jasper Nörenberg
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tímea Serény-Litvai
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ákos Várnagy
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Kálmán Kovács
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Eszter Hantosi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Emese Mezősi
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Németh
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tímea Berki
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
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Mikhaylina A, Lekontseva N, Marchenkov V, Kolesnikova V, Khairetdinova A, Nikonov O, Balobanov V. The New Functional Hybrid Chaperone Protein ADGroEL-SacSm. Molecules 2023; 28:6196. [PMID: 37687025 PMCID: PMC10488932 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The creation of new proteins by combining natural domains is a commonly used technique in protein engineering. In this work, we have tested the possibilities and limitations of using circular homo-oligomeric Sm-like proteins as a basis for attaching other domains. Attachment to such a stable base should bring target domains together and keep them in the correct mutual orientation. We chose a circular homoheptameric Sm-like protein from Sulfolobus acidocaldarius as a stable backbone and the apical domain of the GroEL chaperone protein as the domain of study. This domain by itself, separated from the rest of the GroEL molecule, does not form an oligomeric ring. In our design, the hyperstable SacSm held the seven ADGroELs together and forced them to oligomerize. The designed hybrid protein was obtained and studied with various physical and chemical methods. Stepwise assembly and self-organization of this protein have been shown. First, the SacSm base was assembled, and then ADGroEL was folded on it. Functional testing showed that the obtained fusion protein was able to bind the same non-native proteins as the full-length GroEL chaperone. It also reduced the aggregation of a number of proteins when they were heated, which confirms its chaperone activity. Thus, the engineering path we chose made it possible to create an efficient thermostable chaperone. The result obtained shows the productivity of the way we chose for the creation and stabilization of oligomeric proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Vitalii Balobanov
- Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Str. 4, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
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Venegas-Rodríguez R, Serrano-Díaz A, Peña-Ruiz R, Santana-Sánchez R, Hernández-Cedeño M, Rittoles Navarro A, Grecesqui-Cruz I, Pérez-Aguilera L, Segura-Fernández A, Rosario-Cruz L, Martínez-Donato G, Guillén-Nieto G, Domínguez- Horta MDC. Jusvinza, an anti-inflammatory drug derived from the human heat-shock protein 60, for critically ill COVID-19 patients. An observational study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281111. [PMID: 36730325 PMCID: PMC9894446 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper presents the results of an observational and retrospective study on the therapeutic effects of Jusvinza, an immunomodulatory peptide with anti-inflammatory properties for critically ill COVID-19 patients. This peptide induces regulatory mechanisms on the immune response in experimental systems and in patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Exploratory research in COVID-19 patients revealed that Jusvinza promotes clinical and radiological improvement. The aim of this study is to describe the clinical outcome and variations of several inflammatory biomarkers in a cohort of critically ill COVID-19 patients, divided into two groups during the observational research: one group received Jusvinza and the other did not. Research physicians extracted the patients´ data from their hospital's clinical records. The study analyzed 345 medical records, and 249 records from critically ill patients were included. The data covered the demographic characteristics, vital signs, ventilatory parameters and inflammatory biomarkers. Survival outcome was significantly higher in the group receiving Jusvinza (90.4%) compared to the group without Jusvinza (39.5%). Furthermore, in patients treated with Jusvinza there was a significant improvement in ventilatory parameters and a reduction in inflammation and coagulation biomarkers. Our findings show that Jusvinza could control the extent of inflammation in COVID-19 patients. This study indicates that Jusvinza is a helpful drug for the treatment of diseases characterized by hyperinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anabel Serrano-Díaz
- Biomedical Research Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba
| | | | | | - Mabel Hernández-Cedeño
- Biomedical Research Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gilliam Martínez-Donato
- Biomedical Research Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Gerardo Guillén-Nieto
- Biomedical Research Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba
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Wang C, Tang M, Chen Y, Liu D, Xie S, Zou J, Tang H, Li Q, Zhou A. Expression of genes related to antioxidation, immunity, and heat stress in Gambusia affinis exposed to the heavy metals Cu and Zn. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2022; 247:114269. [PMID: 36343450 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Water pollution is an increasingly serious problem. Here, Cu and Zn ions were used as stress factors, and G. affinis served as a test organism. Fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect changes in the expression of antioxidant genes (SOD, GST, CAT), heat stress genes (Hsp70, Hsp90, Hspd1, Hsc70), and immune system-related genes (IL-1β, IL-8) in G. affinis exposed to Cu and Zn ions over time. To explore the toxic effects of Cu and Zn on G. affinis. The results showed that the 48 h LC50 concentrations of the heavy metals Cu and Zn to G. affinis were 0.17 mg/L and 44.67 mg/L, respectively. Within 48 h, with prolonged Cu exposure, the relative expression levels of the Hsp70, Hsp90, Hspd1, Hsc70, SOD, GST, and CAT genes in the gill tissue first showed a significant increase and then gradually decreased. Gene expression peaked between 9 and 36 h. The relative expression levels of SOD and GST genes in liver tissue showed a gradual decline. Within 48 h, with prolonged Zn exposure, the expression levels of SOD, CAT, and GST genes in G. affinis first increased and then fell before finally rising. The expression levels of IL-1β and IL-8 mRNA showed varying degrees of upward trends, and the expression of IL-8 was the highest for all gill tissue. To sum up, Cu and Zn have strong toxic effects on G. affinis, which makes it possible to use G. affinis as indicator organisms for aquatic environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Wang
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Manfei Tang
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Yuliang Chen
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Dingrui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Shaolin Xie
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Jixing Zou
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Huijuan Tang
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Qibiao Li
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Agricultural Science Research Institute of Lianshan Zhuang and Yao Autonomous County, Qingyuan, Guangdong 511540, China.
| | - Aiguo Zhou
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Wang C, Liu X, Shu Z, Yin J, Xiao M, Ai Y, Zhao P, Luo Z, Liu B. Exposure to automobile exhaust-derived PM2.5 induces spermatogenesis dysfunction by damaging UPR mt of prepubertal rats. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2022; 245:114087. [PMID: 36122457 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Automobile exhaust-derived particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) can cause spermatogenic cell damage, potentially resulting in male infertility. This study uses male prepubertal Sprague Dawley (SD) rats to explore the molecular mechanisms by which automobile exhaust-derived PM2.5 causes spermatogenic cell damage and induces spermatogenesis dysfunction during sexual maturity by disrupting the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) in spermatogenic cells. Male prepubertal SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: control (intratracheal instillation of normal saline), low-dose PM2.5 (5 mg/kg), high-dose PM2.5 (10 mg/kg), and PM2.5 10 mg/kg +Vit (100 mg/kg of vitamin C and 50 mg/kg of vitamin E). The rats were treated for four weeks, with five consecutive treatment days and two non-treatment days, followed by cohabitation. Testicular and epididymal tissues were harvested for analysis. The mitochondria in spermatogenic cells were observed under an electron microscope. UPRmt-, oxidative stress-, and apoptosis-related markers in spermatogenic cells were examined. Spermatogenic cell numbers and conception rate declined significantly with increasing PM2.5 dose, with their mitochondria becoming vacuolated, swollen, and degenerated to varying degrees. The apoptosis of spermatogenic cells was abnormally enhanced in PM2.5 exposed groups compared to the control group. Spermatogenic cell numbers of conception rate gradually recovered, mitochondrial damage in spermatogenic cells was alleviated, and spermatogenic cell apoptosis was significantly reduced after vitamin intervention. In addition, protein levels of superoxide dismutase 1 (Sod1), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) were significantly lower, while those of Bcl2-associated X apoptosis regulator (Bax), cleaved caspase 3 (Casp3), and cytochrome c (Cyt-c) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly higher in the high-dose PM2.5 group than in the control group. The levels of UPRmt-related proteins C/EBP homologous protein (Chop), heat shock protein 60 (Hsp60), and activating transcription factors 4 (Atf4) and 5 (Atf5) were higher in the low-dose PM2.5 group, lower in the high-dose PM2.5 group, and gradually recovered in PM2.5 10 mg/kg +Vit group. Our results show that exposure to automobile exhaust-derived PM2.5 induces oxidative stress responses, leads to post-sexual maturation UPRmt dysfunction and mitochondrial impairment, and abnormally enhances spermatogenic cell apoptosis in prepubertal rats, resulting in male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cao Wang
- Guizhou Children's Hospital, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Guizhou Children's Hospital, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Zhen Shu
- Guizhou Children's Hospital, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Jia Yin
- Guizhou Children's Hospital, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Mingchen Xiao
- Guizhou Children's Hospital, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yaya Ai
- Guizhou Children's Hospital, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Guizhou Children's Hospital, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Zhen Luo
- Guizhou Children's Hospital, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Guizhou Children's Hospital, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China.
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Alberti G, Vergilio G, Paladino L, Barone R, Cappello F, Conway de Macario E, Macario AJL, Bucchieri F, Rappa F. The Chaperone System in Breast Cancer: Roles and Therapeutic Prospects of the Molecular Chaperones Hsp27, Hsp60, Hsp70, and Hsp90. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147792. [PMID: 35887137 PMCID: PMC9324353 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a major public health problem, with key pieces of information needed for developing preventive and curative measures still missing. For example, the participation of the chaperone system (CS) in carcinogenesis and anti-cancer responses is poorly understood, although it can be predicted to be a crucial factor in these mechanisms. The chief components of the CS are the molecular chaperones, and here we discuss four of them, Hsp27, Hsp60, Hsp70, and Hsp90, focusing on their pro-carcinogenic roles in BC and potential for developing anti-BC therapies. These chaperones can be targets of negative chaperonotherapy, namely the elimination/blocking/inhibition of the chaperone(s) functioning in favor of BC, using, for instance, Hsp inhibitors. The chaperones can also be employed in immunotherapy against BC as adjuvants, together with BC antigens. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) in BC diagnosis and management are also briefly discussed, considering their potential as easily accessible carriers of biomarkers and as shippers of anti-cancer agents amenable to manipulation and controlled delivery. The data surveyed from many laboratories reveal that, to enhance the understanding of the role of the CS in BS pathogenesis, one must consider the CS as a physiological system, encompassing diverse members throughout the body and interacting with the ubiquitin–proteasome system, the chaperone-mediated autophagy machinery, and the immune system (IS). An integrated view of the CS, including its functional partners and considering its highly dynamic nature with EVs transporting CS components to reach all the cell compartments in which they are needed, opens as yet unexplored pathways leading to carcinogenesis that are amenable to interference by anti-cancer treatments centered on CS components, such as the molecular chaperones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giusi Alberti
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.A.); (G.V.); (R.B.); (F.C.); (F.B.); (F.R.)
| | - Giuseppe Vergilio
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.A.); (G.V.); (R.B.); (F.C.); (F.B.); (F.R.)
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Letizia Paladino
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.A.); (G.V.); (R.B.); (F.C.); (F.B.); (F.R.)
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Rosario Barone
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.A.); (G.V.); (R.B.); (F.C.); (F.B.); (F.R.)
| | - Francesco Cappello
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.A.); (G.V.); (R.B.); (F.C.); (F.B.); (F.R.)
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Everly Conway de Macario
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore-Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), Baltimore, MD 21202, USA;
| | - Alberto J. L. Macario
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy;
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore-Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), Baltimore, MD 21202, USA;
| | - Fabio Bucchieri
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.A.); (G.V.); (R.B.); (F.C.); (F.B.); (F.R.)
| | - Francesca Rappa
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.A.); (G.V.); (R.B.); (F.C.); (F.B.); (F.R.)
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Wu T, Jia L, Lei S, Jiang H, Liu J, Li N, Langford PR, Liu H, Lei L. Host HSPD1 Translocation from Mitochondria to the Cytoplasm Induced by Streptococcus suis Serovar 2 Enolase Mediates Apoptosis and Loss of Blood–Brain Barrier Integrity. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132071. [PMID: 35805155 PMCID: PMC9265368 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis serovar 2 (S. suis serovar 2) is a zoonotic pathogen that causes meningitis in pigs and humans, and is a serious threat to the swine industry and public health. Understanding the mechanism(s) by which S. suis serovar 2 penetrates the blood–brain barrier (BBB) is crucial to elucidating the pathogenesis of meningitis. In a previous study, we found that expression of the virulence factor enolase (Eno) by S. suis serovar 2 promotes the expression of host heat shock protein family D member 1 (HSPD1) in brain tissue, which leads to the apoptosis of porcine brain microvascular endothelial cells (PBMECs) and increased BBB permeability, which in turn promotes bacterial translocation across the BBB. However, the mechanism by which HSPD1 mediates Eno-induced apoptosis remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that Eno promotes the translocation of HSPD1 from mitochondria to the cytoplasm, where HSPD1 binds to β-actin (ACTB), the translocated HSPD1, and its interaction with ACTB led to adverse changes in cell morphology and promoted the expression of apoptosis-related proteins, second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (Smac), and cleaved caspase-3; inhibited the expression of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP); and finally promoted cell apoptosis. These results further elucidate the role of HSPD1 in the process of Eno-induced apoptosis and increased BBB permeability, increasing our understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of meningitis, and providing a framework for novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases/Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (T.W.); (L.J.); (H.J.); (J.L.); (N.L.)
| | - Li Jia
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases/Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (T.W.); (L.J.); (H.J.); (J.L.); (N.L.)
| | - Siyu Lei
- School of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China;
| | - Hexiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases/Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (T.W.); (L.J.); (H.J.); (J.L.); (N.L.)
| | - Jianan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases/Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (T.W.); (L.J.); (H.J.); (J.L.); (N.L.)
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases/Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (T.W.); (L.J.); (H.J.); (J.L.); (N.L.)
| | - Paul R. Langford
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London W2 1NY, UK;
| | - Hongtao Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases/Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (T.W.); (L.J.); (H.J.); (J.L.); (N.L.)
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (L.L.)
| | - Liancheng Lei
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases/Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (T.W.); (L.J.); (H.J.); (J.L.); (N.L.)
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (L.L.)
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9
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Ou G, Zhu M, Huang Y, Luo W, Zhao J, Zhang W, Xia H, Wang S, He R, Xiao Q, Deng Y, Qiu R. HSP60 regulates the cigarette smoke-induced activation of TLR4-NF-κB-MyD88 signalling pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 103:108445. [PMID: 34998273 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by increased cellular stress and inflammation. Heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) is a highly conserved stress protein that acts as a cellular "danger" signal for immune reactions. In this study, we investigated the role of HSP60 in COPD and explored the underlying mechanisms. Expression levels of HSP60 in patients with acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD), stable COPD, and healthy people were detected by Western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Moreover, the effect and molecular mechanism of HSP60 in COPD were studied in cigarette smoke (CS)-treated C57BL/6 mice and macrophages. The results showed significant upregulation of HSP60 expression in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and sera of patients with AECOPD compared to those with stable COPD or healthy people. CS induced the expression of HSP60 in the COPD mouse model, accelerated the activation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) signalling pathways, promoted the increase of inflammatory cells in alveolar lavage fluid and serum inflammatory factors, and induced destruction of lung tissue structure. Furthermore, HSP60 knockdown affected TLR4 and MyD88 expression, IκBα degradation, and nuclear localization of NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome activity. Our study revealed that CS stimulates the expression of HSP60, activating the TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB signalling pathway and the NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guochun Ou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan 629000, China
| | - Mingmei Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan 629000, China
| | - Yufang Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan 629000, China
| | - Wen Luo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan 629000, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan 629000, China
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, China
| | - Hangbiao Xia
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan 629000, China
| | - Shuhong Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan 629000, China
| | - Rong He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan 629000, China
| | - Qing Xiao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan 629000, China
| | - Yan Deng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan 629000, China
| | - Rong Qiu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan 629000, China; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, China.
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Berestoviy VO, Sokol IV, Mahmood AA, Ginzburg VG, Govsieiev DO. A PROSPECTIVE STUDY TO ANALYZE THE SPECIFICITY OF CHLAMYDIAL HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN (CHSP60) ANTIBODIES TO DIAGNOSE TUBAL INFERTILITY. Wiad Lek 2021; 74:184-189. [PMID: 33813469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim: To investigate the utility of testing for chlamydial heat shock protein 60 (CHSP60) antibodies in the diagnosis of tubal infertility. PATIENTS AND METHODS Materials and methods: All the collected samples were assayed for IgM and IgG antibodies to chlamydia trachomatis and chlamydial heat shock protein 60 (CHSP60) by using immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) techniques, respectively. RESULTS Results: There were no substantial differences between antibodies to C. trachomatis in females with tubal infertility (67%) and non-tubal infertility (48%). However, women with tubal infertility (45%) have more anti-CHSP60 antibodies than non-tubal infertility (9%). Antibody screening for C. trachomatis has only (63%) sensitivity and (54%) specificity for detecting tubal infertility. On the other hand, the CHSP60 antibody testing has (44%) sensitivity and 92% specificity for diagnosing tubal infertility. A positive microimmunofluorescence (MIF) titer was observed in 12 of 18 (67%) females with the tubal problem, 31 of 64 (48%) with non-tubal infertility (P=0.3, OR=2.2, 95% CI=0.71 to 8.01). The CHSP60 antibodies were found in 8 of 18 (45%) females with tubal problem & 6 of 64 (9%) women with non-tubal infertility, power factor alpha α P=0.004, OR=9.3, 95% CI=2.1 to 43.2, power= 1.002 for n= 0.05). Incorporating CHSP60 and C. trachomatis antibodies testing gives an excellent positive probability proportion of 10 to diagnose C. trachomatis associated tubal infertility. CONCLUSION Conclusions: CHSP60 antibody testing is a more specific evaluation than antibody testing for C. trachomatis for predicting chlamydia-associated tubal infertility. Using these tests at the first infertility examination may help the immediate diagnosis for non-interceptive tubal infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladyslav O Berestoviy
- DEPARTMENT OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY OF POSTGRADUATE DEPARTMENT, BOGOMOLETS NATIONAL MEDICAL UNIVERSITY, KYIV, UKRAINE
| | - Inna V Sokol
- DEPARTMENT OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY OF POSTGRADUATE DEPARTMENT, BOGOMOLETS NATIONAL MEDICAL UNIVERSITY, KYIV, UKRAINE
| | - Ahmad A Mahmood
- DEPARTMENT OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY OF POSTGRADUATE DEPARTMENT, BOGOMOLETS NATIONAL MEDICAL UNIVERSITY, KYIV, UKRAINE
| | - Valentyna G Ginzburg
- DEPARTMENT OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY №3, BOGOMOLETS NATIONAL MEDICAL UNIVERSITY, KYIV, UKRAINE
| | - Dmytro O Govsieiev
- DEPARTMENT OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY OF POSTGRADUATE DEPARTMENT, BOGOMOLETS NATIONAL MEDICAL UNIVERSITY, KYIV, UKRAINE; DEPARTMENT OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY, KYIV STATE MATERNITY HOSPITAL №5, KYIV, UKRAINEDEPARTMENT OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY OF POSTGRADUATE DEPARTMENT, BOGOMOLETS NATIONAL MEDICAL UNIVERSITY, KYIV, UKRAINE
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11
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Ye J, Chen W, Feng L, Liu G, Wang Y, Li H, Ye Z, Zhang Y. The chaperonin 60 protein SlCpn60α1 modulates photosynthesis and photorespiration in tomato. J Exp Bot 2020; 71:7224-7240. [PMID: 32915204 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis, an indispensable biological process of plants, produces organic substances for plant growth, during which photorespiration occurs to oxidize carbohydrates to achieve homeostasis. Although the molecular mechanism underlying photosynthesis and photorespiration has been widely explored, the crosstalk between the two processes remains largely unknown. In this study, we isolated and characterized a T-DNA insertion mutant of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) named yellow leaf (yl) with yellowish leaves, retarded growth, and chloroplast collapse that hampered both photosynthesis and photorespiration. Genetic and expression analyses demonstrated that the phenotype of yl was caused by a loss-of-function mutation resulting from a single-copy T-DNA insertion in chaperonin 60α1 (SlCPN60α1). SlCPN60α1 showed high expression levels in leaves and was located in both chloroplasts and mitochondria. Silencing of SlCPN60α1using virus-induced gene silencing and RNA interference mimicked the phenotype of yl. Results of two-dimensional electrophoresis and yeast two-hybrid assays suggest that SlCPN60α1 potentially interacts with proteins that are involved in chlorophyll synthesis, photosynthetic electron transport, and the Calvin cycle, and further affect photosynthesis. Moreover, SlCPN60α1 directly interacted with serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SlSHMT1) in mitochondria, thereby regulating photorespiration in tomato. This study outlines the importance of SlCPN60α1 for both photosynthesis and photorespiration, and provides molecular insights towards plant genetic improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ye
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Weifang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Longwei Feng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Genzhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hanxia Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhibiao Ye
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Wang X, Shi Z, Chen H, Huang F. Nanoscale integration of porphyrin in GroEL protein cage: Photophysical and photochemical investigation. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2020; 240:118596. [PMID: 32599481 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we introduce a new type of functional, supramolecular porphyrin conjugate created using the bacterial GroEL protein cage based on non-specific hydrophobic interaction. The synthesis, structure and property of the porphyrin conjugate were characterized by dynamic light scattering, UV-vis spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy. We observed that the model zinc-tetraphenylporphyrin (Zn-TPP) with high hydrophobicity can be well-dispersed in aqueous solutions with the aid of GroEL open chamber, which is known to be a favorable nanocompartment for aggregation-prone molecules. The maximal encapsulation efficiency of Zn-TPP in GroEL was determined to be ~98%. It is further seen that the constructed double Zn-TPP-GroEL complex exhibited good photocatalytic activity in the model reactions of the production of singlet oxygen and the reduction of methyl viologen under illumination with visible light. Moreover, we found that GroEL can significantly improve the photostability of Zn-TPP molecules as a result of nanoscale assembly within its hydrophobic chamber. Hence enhanced water solubility and photostability of Zn-TPP, which are considered as the first two hurdles for the wide usage of porphyrins, were achieved simultaneously by the development of GroEL cage as a building block. Supramolecular nanostructures formed from porphyrins (or related molecules) and GroEL for photocatalysis would greatly simplify applications of such structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 West Changjiang Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266580, PR China.
| | - Zhuang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 West Changjiang Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266580, PR China
| | - Han Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 West Changjiang Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266580, PR China
| | - Fang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 West Changjiang Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266580, PR China.
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Temelie M, Stroe D, Petcu I, Mustaciosu C, Moisoi N, Savu D. Bystander effects and compartmental stress response to X-ray irradiation in L929 cells. Radiat Environ Biophys 2016; 55:371-379. [PMID: 27025606 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-016-0649-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Bystander effects are indirect consequences of radiation and many other stress factors. They occur in cells that are not directly exposed to these factors, but receive signals from affected cells either by gap junctions or by molecules released in the medium. Characterizing these effects and deciphering the underlying mechanisms involved in radiation-induced bystander effects are relevant for cancer radiotherapy and radioprotection. At doses of X-ray radiation 0.5 and 1 Gy, we detected bystander effects as increased numbers of micronuclei shortly after the treatment, through medium transfer and by co-cultures. Interestingly, bystander cells did not exhibit long-term adverse changes in viability. Evaluation of several compartmental stress markers (CHOP, BiP, mtHsp60, cytHsp70) by qRT-PCR did not reveal expression changes at transcriptional level. We investigated the involvement of ROS and NO in this process by addition of specific scavengers of these molecules, DMSO or c-PTIO in the transferred medium. This approach proved that ROS but not NO is involved in the induction of lesions in the acceptor cells. These results indicate that L929 cells are susceptible to stress effects of radiation-induced bystander signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Temelie
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering - IFIN-HH, 30 Reactorului St., P.O. BOX MG-6, Magurele, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniela Stroe
- The Oncologic Radiotherapy Clinic, The Coltea Bucharest Hospital, No. 1-3, I. C. Bratianu Boulevard, District 3, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ileana Petcu
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering - IFIN-HH, 30 Reactorului St., P.O. BOX MG-6, Magurele, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cosmin Mustaciosu
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering - IFIN-HH, 30 Reactorului St., P.O. BOX MG-6, Magurele, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Nicoleta Moisoi
- Neuroscience Psychology and Behaviour Department, University of Leicester, Maurice Shock Building, University Road, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Leicester School of Pharmacy, The Gateway, De Montfort University, Leicester, LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Diana Savu
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering - IFIN-HH, 30 Reactorului St., P.O. BOX MG-6, Magurele, Bucharest, Romania.
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Hoza AS, Mfinanga SGM, Rodloff AC, Moser I, König B. Increased isolation of nontuberculous mycobacteria among TB suspects in Northeastern, Tanzania: public health and diagnostic implications for control programmes. BMC Res Notes 2016; 9:109. [PMID: 26887928 PMCID: PMC4756402 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-016-1928-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are increasingly reported worldwide associated with human disease. Defining the significance of NTM in settings with endemic tuberculosis (TB) requires the discrimination of NTM from TB in suspect patients. Correct and timely identification of NTM will impact both therapy and epidemiology of TB and TB-like diseases. The present study aimed at determining the frequency and diversity of NTM among TB suspects in northeastern Tanzania. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted between November 2012 through January 2013. Seven hundred and forty-four sputum samples were collected from 372 TB suspects. Detection was done by using phenotypic, GenoType(®) Mycobacterium CM/AS kits, 16S rRNA and hsp65 gene sequencing for identification of isolates not identified by Hain kits. Binary regression model was used to analyse the predictors of NTM detection. RESULTS The prevalence of NTM was 9.7% of the mycobacterial isolates. Out of 36 patients with confirmed NTM infection, 12 were HIV infected with HIV being a significant predictor of NTM detection (P < 0.001). Co-infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) was found in five patients. Twenty-eight NTM isolates were identified using GenoType(®) Mycobacterium CM/AS and eight isolates could not be identified. Identified species included M. gordonae and M. interjectum 6 (16.7%), M. intracelullare 4 (11.1%), M. avium spp. and M. fortuitum 2 (5.5%), M. kansasii, M. lentiflavum, M. simiae, M. celatum, M. marinum 1 (2.8%) each. Of isolates not identified to subspecies level, we identified M. kumamotonense (2), M. intracellulare/kansasii, M. intermedium/triplex, M. acapulcensis/flavescens, M. stomatepiae, M. colombiense and M. terrae complex (1) each using 16S rRNA sequencing. Additionally, hsp65 gene sequencing identified M. kumamotonense, M. scrofulaceum/M. avium, M. avium, M. flavescens/novocastrense, M. kumamotonense/hiberniae, M. lentiflavum, M. colombiense/M. avium and M. kumamotonense/terrae/hiberniae (1) each. Results of the 16S rRNA and hsp65 gene sequencing were concordant in three and discordant in five isolates not identified by GenoType(®) Mycobacterium CM/AS. CONCLUSION NTM infections may play a vital role in causing lung disease and impact management of TB in endemic settings. GenoType(®) Mycobacterium CM/AS represents a useful tool to identify clinical NTM infections. However, 16S rRNA gene sequencing should be thought for confirmatory diagnosis of the clinical isolates. Due to the complexity and inconsistence of NTM identification, we recommend diagnosis of NTM infections be centralized by strengthening and setting up quality national and regional infrastructure.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Bacterial Proteins
- Bacterial Typing Techniques
- Chaperonin 60
- Child
- Coinfection
- Communicable Disease Control/organization & administration
- Cross-Sectional Studies
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Female
- HIV/genetics
- HIV Infections/diagnosis
- HIV Infections/epidemiology
- HIV Infections/virology
- Humans
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/diagnosis
- Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/epidemiology
- Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/microbiology
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genetics
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolation & purification
- Nontuberculous Mycobacteria/genetics
- Nontuberculous Mycobacteria/isolation & purification
- Public Health
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
- Tanzania/epidemiology
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/diagnosis
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/epidemiology
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/microbiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Abubakar S Hoza
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 21, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
- Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania.
| | - Sayoki G M Mfinanga
- Muhimbili Centre, National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
| | - Arne C Rodloff
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 21, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Irmgard Moser
- Federal Research for Animal Health, Friedrich Loeffler Institut, Jena, Germany.
| | - Brigitte König
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 21, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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Hara I, Sato N, Miyake H, Muramaki M, Hikosaka S, Kamidono S. Introduction of 65 kDa Antigen ofMycobacterium tuberculosisto Cancer Cells Enhances Anti-Tumor Effect of BCG Therapy. Microbiol Immunol 2013; 48:289-95. [PMID: 15107539 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2004.tb03525.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) immunotherapy has anti-tumorigenic effects against bladder cancer. To improve the efficacy of BCG therapy, we introduced the gene encoding the 65 kDa heat shock protein (hsp) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis into a mouse malignant melanoma cell line (B16). An expression vector harboring the 65 kDa antigen gene was transfected into B16 using Lipofectamine, then expression of the antigen was confirmed by RT-PCR and Western blotting. Several cell lines expressing 65 kDa antigen were established (B16/65 kDa). We also established a control cell line transfected with the vector alone (B16/con). All cell lines (B16, B16/con, B16/65 kDa) were injected intraperitoneally into syngeneic mice with or without BCG prior immunization and the development of tumor ascites was examined. To analyze the mechanism of the anti-tumor effect, CD4 T cells or CD8 T cells were depleted in vivo by administering the corresponding monoclonal antibody. B16/65k Da expressed the 65 kDa hsp of M. tuberculosis. The tumor growth of B16/65 kDa was slightly retarded in naive mice, but significantly inhibited by BCG. The anti-tumor effect was totally abrogated in mice deficient in CD4 T cells, suggesting that CD4 T cells are involved in this process. The 65 kDa hsp of M. tuberculosis was expressed after gene transduction in a malignant melanoma cell line and significantly enhanced the anti-tumor effect of BCG immunotherapy. CD4 T cells play an important role in this anti-tumor effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isao Hara
- Divisiont of Urology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.
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Wang Y, Ogawa M, Fukuda K, Miyamoto H, Taniguchi H. Isolation and Identification of Mycobacteria from Soils at an Illegal Dumping Site and Landfills in Japan. Microbiol Immunol 2013; 50:513-24. [PMID: 16858142 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2006.tb03821.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In order to study the diversity and community of genus Mycobacterium in polluted soils, we tried to isolate mycobacteria from 11 soil samples collected from an illegal dumping site and 3 landfills in Japan. Using culture methods with or without Acanthamoeba culbertsoni, a total of 19 isolates of mycobacteria were obtained from 5 soil samples and 3 of them were isolated only by the co-culture method with the amoeba. Conventional biochemical tests and sequencing of the hsp65, rpoB, and 16S rRNA genes were performed for species identification of 17 of the 19 isolates. Among the 17 isolates, there was one isolate each of Mycobacterium vanbaalenii, Mycobacterium mageritense, Mycobacterium frederiksbergense, M. vanbaalenii or Mycobacterium austroafricanum, and Mycobacterium chubuense or Mycobacterium chlorophenolicum. The remaining 12 isolates could not be precisely identified at the species level. A phylogenic tree based on the hsp65 sequences indicated that 2 of the 12 isolates were novel species. In addition, 4 isolates were phylogenically close to species that degrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, which induce some cancers in humans. These results demonstrated that there were many hitherto-unreported mycobacteria in the polluted soils, and suggested that some mycobacteria might play roles in the natural attenuation and engineered bioremediation of contaminated sites with other microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
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Lee CK, Gi HM, Cho Y, Kim YK, Lee KN, Song KJ, Song JW, Park KS, Park EM, Lee H, Bai GH. The Genomic Heterogeneity amongMycobacterium terraeComplex Displayed by Sequencing of 16S rRNA andhsp65 Genes. Microbiol Immunol 2013; 48:83-90. [PMID: 14978332 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2004.tb03492.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The species identification within Mycobacterium terrae complex has been known to be very difficult. In this study, the genomic diversity of M. terrae complex with eighteen clinical isolates, which were initially identified as M. terrae complex by phenotypic method, was investigated, including that of three type strains (M. terrae, M. nonchromogenicum, and M. triviale ). 16S rRNA and 65-kDa heat shock protein (hsp 65) gene sequences of mycobacteria were determined and aligned with eleven other references for the comparison using similarity search against the GenBank and Ribosomal Database Project II (RDP) databases. 16S rRNA and hsp 65 genes of M. terrae complex showed genomic heterogeneity. Amongst the eighteen clinical isolates, nine were identified as M. nonchromogenicum, eight as M. terrae, one as M. mucogenicum with the molecular characteristic of rapid growth. M. nonchromogenicum could be subdivided into three subgroups, while M. terrae could be subdivided into two subgroups using a 5 bp criterion (>1% difference). Seven isolates in two subgroups of M. nonchromogenicum were Mycobacterium sp. strain MCRO 6, which was closely related to M. nonchromogenicum. The hsp 65 gene could not differentiate one M. nonchromogenicum from M. avium or one M. terrae from M. intracellulare. The nucleotide sequence analysis of 16S rRNA and hsp 65 genes was shown to be useful in identifying the M. terrae complex, but hsp 65 was less discriminating than 16S rRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Kyu Lee
- Department of Clinical Pathology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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18
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Alban SM, Sella SRBR, Miranda RN, Mira MT, Soccol VT. PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis as a tool for Mycobacterium species identification in lepromas for lepromin production. LEPROSY REV 2009; 80:129-142. [PMID: 19743617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present work was to standardise a PCR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism analysis (PRA) as a tool to detect the mycobacteriologic composition of lepromas from leprosy patients used in the production of lepromin to improve the quality of the Mitsuda test. DESIGN PCR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism analysis using hsp65 and rpoB genes were applied to 11 reference strains of mycobacteria, including M. leprae, and the obtained PRA profiles were compared to mycobacteria in clinical specimens. RESULTS Out of the biopsies studied, 522% had DNA fragment amplified for both genes (hsp65 and rpoB) for M. leprae. However, other Mycobacterium species were observed in samples of lepromatous leprosy patients. Here we discussed the importance of mycobacteria identification in the antigen of Mitsuda production to be used in the evaluation of leprosy. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the use of the molecular approach for sample selection can contribute to an improvement in the quality of produced lepromin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana M Alban
- Federal University of Paraná, 81531-990 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Pourahmad F, Thompson KD, Adams A, Richards RH. Detection and identification of aquatic mycobacteria in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded fish tissues. J Fish Dis 2009; 32:409-419. [PMID: 19392681 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2009.01030.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The isolation of mycobacteria from field samples is problematic, and isolation of the bacterium is sometimes not even attempted. The detection of mycobacteria through traditional histology using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues is neither sensitive nor specific. However, detection of mycobacterial DNA from FFPE specimens, suspected of being infected with mammalian mycobacteriosis, is a routine clinical procedure. In the present study, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method was used to detect and identify mycobacteria in FFPE specimens sampled from fish suspected of being infected with fish mycobacteriosis. A total of 45 fish tissue samples, comprising of 12 tissue samples obtained from experimentally infected fish and the remainder from fish naturally infected with mycobacteria, were analysed using a PCR protocol which amplifies a fragment of the mycobacterial 65 kDa heat-shock protein (hsp65) gene. PCR-restriction enzyme analysis and/or sequencing were employed to further analyse the PCR amplicons. The PCR results were compared with those obtained by histology and culture. Mycobacterial DNA was detected in 34 of the 45 samples examined, of which 16 samples (47%) showed granulomatous reactions on histological examination. Using histology as the gold standard, no false-negative PCR results were obtained. Also, considering the presence or absence of granulomas as a diagnostic criterion, the sensitivity and specificity of PCR in 42 of the FFPE tissues were 16/16 (100%) and 8/26 (approximately 30.8%), respectively. Corresponding microbiological cultures were available for 15 cases, of which 13 were pure Mycobacterium cultures. Of these, 13 were PCR positive (100% sensitivity and 50% specificity). The PCR-based methods used here proved sensitive, specific and rapid for the detection of mycobacteria in routinely processed paraffin wax-embedded and formalin-fixed histological samples, and the results of the study suggest that this method has potential use in retrospective epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Pourahmad
- Aquatic Vaccine Unit, Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK.
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Cicero R, Olivera H, Hernández-Solis A, Ramírez-Casanova E, Escobar-Gutiérrez A. Frequency of Mycobacterium bovis as an etiologic agent in extrapulmonary tuberculosis in HIV-positive and -negative Mexican patients. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2008; 28:455-60. [PMID: 18982366 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-008-0649-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2008] [Accepted: 10/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium bovis can be an important etiological agent for extrapulmonary (EP) manifestations of tuberculosis, especially in HIV-infected persons. From January 2000 to December 2003, M. bovis as a cause of EP tuberculosis was investigated at the Pneumonology Service, Hospital General de Mexico, Mexico City. Eighty HIV-positive (HIV+) patients and 83 HIV-negative (HIV-) with EP involvement (ganglionar, genitourinary, meningeal, cutaneous, peritoneal, and pericardial) were analyzed using clinical, immunological, bacteriological, histopathological, and molecular biology methods. Mycobacterium species were identified by hsp65-RFLP analysis and species of M. tuberculosis complex isolates by spoligotyping. M. bovis was present in 6 HIV- cases (7.2%; 3 with lymphadenitis and 3 genitourinary) vs 11 in HIV+ cases (13.75%; 7 with lymphadenitis, 3 genitourinary, and 1 meningeal). Favorable response to retroviral and specific M. bovis chemotherapy was observed. Spoligotyping showed a unique profile in each isolate, 16 belonging to BOV1 lineage and 1 to BOV2 lineage. M. bovis is an significant re-emerging cause of EPTB in Mexico. Consumption of unpasteurized dairy products is the most likely source of transmission. Successful treatment depends on the adequate and opportune identification of the agent responsible.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Cicero
- Hospital General de México, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
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Ruberti M, De Melo LK, Dos Santos SA, Brandao IT, Soares EG, Silva CL, Júnior JMR. Prime-boost Vaccination based on DNA and Protein-loaded Microspheres for Tuberculosis Prevention. J Drug Target 2008; 12:195-203. [PMID: 15506168 DOI: 10.1080/10611860410001723126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the use of a vaccine formulation based on a mixture of two different PLGA microspheres, composed by faster and slower release profiles, containing DNA encoding hsp65 and the recombinant hsp65 protein, respectively, aiming to DNA priming and protein boost after a single dose vaccination. The combination of PLGA50:50 microspheres containing DNA-hsp65 and trehalose dimycolate (TDM) with PLGA75:25 microspheres containing recombinant hsp65 (prime-boost Me) was able to induce high levels of anti-hsp65 specific antibodies. The serum levels of these specific antibodies remained high during 90 days after vaccination, whereas the DNA Me formulation based only in DNA-hsp65 plus TDM-loaded microspheres was not able to sustain the high antibody levels during the same period. Production of IFN-gamma was significant in animals vaccinated with both formulations, while the prime-boost Me vaccinated mice sustained higher levels of this cytokine during all the evaluation period. Thus, prime-boost strategy by using biodegradable microspheres seems to be a promising strategy to stimulate long-lasting immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maristela Ruberti
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo. Av. Bandeirantes 3.900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
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Marengo EB, de Moraes LV, Faria M, Fernandes BL, Carvalho LV, Tambourgi DV, Rizzo LV, Portaro FCV, Camargo ACM, Sant'Anna OA. Administration of M. leprae Hsp65 interferes with the murine lupus progression. PLoS One 2008; 3:e3025. [PMID: 18716655 PMCID: PMC2515089 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2008] [Accepted: 08/01/2008] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The heat shock protein [Hsp] family guides several steps during protein synthesis, are abundant in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, and are highly conserved during evolution. The Hsp60 family is involved in assembly and transport of proteins, and is expressed at very high levels during autoimmunity or autoinflammatory phenomena. Here, the pathophysiological role of the wild type [WT] and the point mutated K409A recombinant Hsp65 of M. leprae in an animal model of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus [SLE] was evaluated in vivo using the genetically homogeneous [NZBxNZW]F1 mice. Anti-DNA and anti-Hsp65 antibodies responsiveness was individually measured during the animal's life span, and the mean survival time [MST] was determined. The treatment with WT abbreviates the MST in 46%, when compared to non-treated mice [p<0.001]. An increase in the IgG2a/IgG1 anti-DNA antibodies ratio was also observed in animals injected with the WT Hsp65. Incubation of BALB/c macrophages with F1 serum from WT treated mice resulted in acute cell necrosis; treatment of these cells with serum from K409A treated mice did not cause any toxic effect. Moreover, the involvement of WT correlates with age and is dose-dependent. Our data suggest that Hsp65 may be a central molecule intervening in the progression of the SLE, and that the point mutated K409A recombinant immunogenic molecule, that counteracts the deleterious effect of WT, may act mitigating and delaying the development of SLE in treated mice. This study gives new insights into the general biological role of Hsp and the significant impact of environmental factors during the pathogenesis of this autoimmune process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luciana V. de Moraes
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcella Faria
- Center for Applied Toxinology – CAT/CEPID, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Luiz V. Rizzo
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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23
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Cao Z, Ma J, Yuan WJ. [Heat shock protein 60 in cell apoptosis]. Sheng Li Ke Xue Jin Zhan 2008; 39:267-270. [PMID: 18819501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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24
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Iwamoto T, Nakanaga K, Ishii N, Yoshida S, Saito H. [Intraspecies divergence of 16S rDNA, ITS, rpoB gene and hsp65 gene sequence for Mycobacterium lentiflavum]. Kekkaku 2008; 83:417-422. [PMID: 18536332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To clarify the genetic microheterogeneity of Mycobacterium lentiflavum and identify the predominant genotype. MATERIALS AND METHODS Clinical isolates of M. lentiflavum used in this study were obtained from sixteen patients of lung diseases. In order to assess their intraspecies variability, four gene fragments, from the 16S rDNA (1471 bp), 16S-23S ITS (282 bp), rpoB (306 bp), and hsp65 (401 bp), were sequenced. RESULTS Intraspecies variabilities were found in all of the four targeting fragments. As multilocus sequence typing with these four targets, 16 clinical isolates were divided into 3 genotypes, i.e., MLST2, MLST3, and MLST4. Among them, MLST2 to which 12 clinical isolates belonged, was a predominant genotype. Three strains belonged to MLST3 and the remaining one strain belonged to MLST4. Drug susceptibility study indicated that there was no clear relation between sequence types and drug susceptibility. CONCLUSION Multilocus sequence typing could aid in characterization and in better understanding of the epidemiology of M. lentiflavum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomotada Iwamoto
- Kobe Institute of Health, 4-6, Minatojima-nakamachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe-shi, Hyogo 650-0046, Japan.
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Tong L, Moudgil KD. Celastrus aculeatus Merr. suppresses the induction and progression of autoimmune arthritis by modulating immune response to heat-shock protein 65. Arthritis Res Ther 2008; 9:R70. [PMID: 17645785 PMCID: PMC2206370 DOI: 10.1186/ar2268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2007] [Revised: 06/15/2007] [Accepted: 07/23/2007] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Complementary and alternative medicine products are increasingly being used for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. However, the mechanisms of action of these agents are not fully defined. Using the rat adjuvant arthritis (AA) model of human rheumatoid arthritis, we determined whether the ethanol extract of Celastrus aculeatus Merr. (Celastrus), a Chinese herb, can down-modulate the severity of AA, and also examined the Celastrus-induced changes in immune responses to the disease-related antigen mycobacterial heat-shock protein 65 (Bhsp65). AA was induced in the Lewis (LEW; RT.1l) rat by immunization subcutaneously with heat-killed M. tuberculosis H37Ra (Mtb). Celastrus was fed to LEW rats by gavage daily, beginning either before Mtb challenge (preventive regimen) or after the onset of AA (therapeutic regimen). An additional group of rats was given methotrexate for comparison. All rats were graded regularly for the signs of arthritis. In parallel, the draining lymph node cells of Celastrus-treated rats were tested for proliferative and cytokine responses, whereas their sera were tested for the inflammatory mediator nitric oxide. Celastrus feeding suppressed both the induction as well as the progression of AA, and the latter effect was comparable to that of methotrexate. Celastrus treatment induced relative deviation of the cytokine response to anti-inflammatory type and enhanced the production of anti-Bhsp65 antibodies, which are known to be protective against AA. Celastrus feeding also reduced the levels of nitric oxide. On the basis of our results, we suggest further systematic exploration of Celastrus as an adjunct therapeutic modality for rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Kamal D Moudgil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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26
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Alvarez J, García IG, Aranaz A, Bezos J, Romero B, de Juan L, Mateos A, Gómez-Mampaso E, Domínguez L. Genetic diversity of Mycobacterium avium isolates recovered from clinical samples and from the environment: molecular characterization for diagnostic purposes. J Clin Microbiol 2008; 46:1246-51. [PMID: 18272714 PMCID: PMC2292972 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01621-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2007] [Revised: 12/02/2007] [Accepted: 02/04/2008] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Isolation of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) organisms from clinical samples may occur in patients without clinical disease, making the interpretation of results difficult. The clinical relevance of MAC isolates from different types of clinical samples (n = 47) from 39 patients in different sections of a hospital was assessed by comparison with environmental isolates (n = 17) from the hospital. Various methods for identification and typing (commercial probes, phenotypic characteristics, PCR for detection of IS1245 and IS901, sequencing of the hsp65 gene, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis) were evaluated. The same strain was found in all the environmental isolates, 21 out of 23 (91.3%) of the isolates cultured from urine samples, and 5 out of 19 (26.3%) isolates from respiratory specimens. This strain did not cause disease in the patients. Testing best characterized the strain as M. avium subsp. hominissuis, with the unusual feature that 81.4% of these isolates lacked the IS1245 element. Contamination of certain clinical samples with an environmental strain was the most likely event; therefore, characterization of the environmental mycobacteria present in health care facilities should be performed to discard false-positive isolations in nonsterile samples, mainly urine samples. Molecular techniques applied in this study demonstrated their usefulness for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Alvarez
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Zhu A, Lu Y, Jin L, Wu J, Li T, Liu J. [Improved efficacy of P277 fused to heat shock protein 65 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis against diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice]. Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao 2008; 24:640-645. [PMID: 18616176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
To improve the efficacy of peptide P277 in preventing autoimmune diabetes, heat shock protein 65 kD (HSP65) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis var. bovis was fused with linear polypeptide epitope of P277 and expressed as soluble protein in Escherichia coli. The fusion protein HSP65-P277 was purified by anion exchange column chromatography and then used to immunize prediabetic NOD mice with three ip inoculations in absence of adjuvants. Serum samples from the immunized mice were collected monthly and the concentration of blood glucose was measured. The study showed that administration of HSP65-P277 to NOD mice could prevent the development of diabetes more efficiently than the peptide P277 itself or HSP65. Fused to heat shock protein 65 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis could improve the efficacy of diabetes prevention of P277 in nonobese diabetic mice. The results suggest the fusion protein of HSP65-P277 would be useful for treating insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Zhu
- Minigene Pharmacy Laboratory, School of Life Science & Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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Chimara E, Ferrazoli L, Ueky SYM, Martins MC, Durham AM, Arbeit RD, Leão SC. Reliable identification of mycobacterial species by PCR-restriction enzyme analysis (PRA)-hsp65 in a reference laboratory and elaboration of a sequence-based extended algorithm of PRA-hsp65 patterns. BMC Microbiol 2008; 8:48. [PMID: 18366704 PMCID: PMC2323382 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-8-48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2007] [Accepted: 03/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identification of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) based on phenotypic tests is time-consuming, labor-intensive, expensive and often provides erroneous or inconclusive results. In the molecular method referred to as PRA-hsp65, a fragment of the hsp65 gene is amplified by PCR and then analyzed by restriction digest; this rapid approach offers the promise of accurate, cost-effective species identification. The aim of this study was to determine whether species identification of NTM using PRA-hsp65 is sufficiently reliable to serve as the routine methodology in a reference laboratory. RESULTS A total of 434 NTM isolates were obtained from 5019 cultures submitted to the Institute Adolpho Lutz, Sao Paulo Brazil, between January 2000 and January 2001. Species identification was performed for all isolates using conventional phenotypic methods and PRA-hsp65. For isolates for which these methods gave discordant results, definitive species identification was obtained by sequencing a 441 bp fragment of hsp65. Phenotypic evaluation and PRA-hsp65 were concordant for 321 (74%) isolates. These assignments were presumed to be correct. For the remaining 113 discordant isolates, definitive identification was based on sequencing a 441 bp fragment of hsp65. PRA-hsp65 identified 30 isolates with hsp65 alleles representing 13 previously unreported PRA-hsp65 patterns. Overall, species identification by PRA-hsp65 was significantly more accurate than by phenotype methods (392 (90.3%) vs. 338 (77.9%), respectively; p < .0001, Fisher's test). Among the 333 isolates representing the most common pathogenic species, PRA-hsp65 provided an incorrect result for only 1.2%. CONCLUSION PRA-hsp65 is a rapid and highly reliable method and deserves consideration by any clinical microbiology laboratory charged with performing species identification of NTM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Alan Mitchel Durham
- Instituto de Matemática e Estatística, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Robert D Arbeit
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sylvia Cardoso Leão
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Viana-Niero C, Lima KVB, Lopes ML, Rabello MCDS, Marsola LR, Brilhante VCR, Durham AM, Leão SC. Molecular characterization of Mycobacterium massiliense and Mycobacterium bolletii in isolates collected from outbreaks of infections after laparoscopic surgeries and cosmetic procedures. J Clin Microbiol 2008; 46:850-5. [PMID: 18174307 PMCID: PMC2268380 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02052-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2007] [Revised: 12/09/2007] [Accepted: 12/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An outbreak of infections affecting 311 patients who had undergone different invasive procedures occurred in 2004 and 2005 in the city of Belém, in the northern region of Brazil. Sixty-seven isolates were studied; 58 were from patients who had undergone laparoscopic surgeries, 1 was from a patient with a postinjection abscess, and 8 were from patients who had undergone mesotherapy. All isolates were rapidly growing nonpigmented mycobacteria and presented a pattern by PCR-restriction enzyme analysis of the hsp65 gene with BstEII of bands of 235 and 210 bp and with HaeIII of bands of 200, 70, 60, and 50 bp, which is common to Mycobacterium abscessus type 2, Mycobacterium bolletii, and Mycobacterium massiliense. hsp65 and rpoB gene sequencing of a subset of 20 isolates was used to discriminate between these three species. hsp65 and rpoB sequences chosen at random from 11 of the 58 isolates from surgical patients and the postinjection abscess isolate presented the highest degrees of similarity with the corresponding sequences of M. massiliense. In the same way, the eight mesotherapy isolates were identified as M. bolletii. Molecular typing by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) grouped all 58 surgical isolates, while the mesotherapy isolates presented three different PFGE patterns and the postinjection abscess isolate showed a unique PFGE pattern. In conclusion, molecular techniques for identification and typing were essential for the discrimination of two concomitant outbreaks and one case, the postinjection abscess, not related to either outbreak, all of which were originally attributed to a single strain of M. abscessus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Viana-Niero
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Rua Botucatu, 862, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil
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Demkin VV, Korneva IN, Riazanova IA, Muminov TA, Beĭsembaeva SA, Zhakipbaeva BT, Shopaeva GA, Dauletbakova AM. [Rd7 genotyping of M. tuberculosis strains isolated from patients with lung tuberculosis in different areas of Kazakhstan]. Mol Gen Mikrobiol Virusol 2008:18-22. [PMID: 18494111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A three-primer PCR assay was designed for detection of possible deletions in the RD7 region of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex chromosome. The assay produced amplicons of different size depending on the presence or absence of the deletions. The PCR assay was applied to 176 isolates from patients with lung tuberculosis collected in different areas of Kazakhstan in summer 2004. The isolates were initially characterized by culture and biochemical tests. The RD7 genotyping results demonstrated no polymorphism and the absence of deletions in the RD7 genome region. Some strains were additionally characterized using PCR-RFLP analysis of gyrB and hsp64 genes. The RFLP-patterns obtained corresponded to the M. tuberculosis genotypes. The results of this work are consistent with certain previous studies, indicating population stability of the RD7 region in M. tuberculosis strains. Species characterization of the isolates shows that M. tuberculosis sensu stricto is the principal causative agent of human lung tuberculosis in Kazakhstan.
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Zheng YL, Jiang H, Wang XL, Jiang YQ. [Prokaryotic expression, purification of HSP65-MUC1 VNTR2 fusion protein and primary research on its tumoricidal effect]. Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi 2007; 23:1014-1016. [PMID: 17988580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
AIM To express the HSP65-MUC1 VNTR(2) in E.coli and to evaluate its activity of inhibiting tumor growth in vivo. METHODS HSP65 and MUC1 VNTR(2) were generated by PCR method and sub-cloned to pET28a(+) to construct the recombinant expression vector HSP65-MUC1 VNTR(2)-pET28a(+). E.coli BL21(DE3) bearing the plasmid was induced with IPTG for protein production. Target protein was characterized by Western blot with monoclonal antibody and purified by Q-Sepharose ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration. The murine cancer cell linejB16 that transfected by human gene MUC1 was utilized to construct the model of carcinoma, and the tumor growth inhibition activities of HSP65-MUC1VNTR(2) was evaluated in mice C57BL/6. RESULTS The gene HSP65 and MUC1 VNTR(2) confirmed by sequence analysis matched respectively with BCG HSP65 and human gene MUC1 VNTRs in GenBank exactly. The reconstructed vector HSP65-MUC1 VNTR(2)-pET28a could express target protein stably in the soluble fraction of bacterial extract. The purity of HSP65-MUC1 VNTR(2) protein could be above 95% after purification by Q ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration. The result of Western blot with monoclonal antibody showed positive. The results of prophylactic immunization with HSP65-MUC1 VNTR(2) fusion protein showed that experiment all groups had significantly higher tumor inhibition rates than that of control group. CONCLUSION In summary, HSP65-MUC1 VNTR(2) fusion protein was solubly expressed in prokaryotic expression system and its tumor growth inhibition activity was evaluated primarily. The result indicated that the fusion protein could inhibit the MUC1 positive tumor growth significantly. It can be used in the future research as the cancer vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ling Zheng
- Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
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32
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Durai M, Kim HR, Bala KK, Moudgil KD. T cells against the pathogenic and protective epitopes of heat-shock protein 65 are crossreactive and display functional similarity: novel aspect of regulation of autoimmune arthritis. J Rheumatol 2007; 34:2134-2143. [PMID: 17937454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In autoimmune situations, the outcome of immune response against a disease-related antigen is typically viewed in terms of the balance between the pathogenic versus the protective subsets of antigen-reactive T cells. Using the rat adjuvant arthritis (AA) model of human rheumatoid arthritis (RA), we examined the antigen specificity and the functional attributes of the T cell repertoire directed against defined pathogenic versus protective epitopes of heat-shock protein 65 (hsp65), and determined the immunologic basis of the AA-protective effect of subsets of T cells primed by the pathogenic determinant. METHODS Lewis (RT.1l) rats were pretreated subcutaneously with the pathogenic epitope 177-191 of mycobacterial hsp65 (B177) in adjuvant (incomplete Freund's adjuvant/complete Freund's adjuvant/CpG) and then immunized with heat-killed M. tuberculosis H37Ra for disease induction. The antigen specificity/crossreactivity of the T cells primed by B177 or the AA-protective determinant 465-479 of the homologous rat hsp65 (R465) was tested by using proliferation assay, cytokine ELISA, tolerance induction, and adoptive transfer. RESULTS Pretreatment of Lewis rats with the arthritogenic determinant B177 using an immunogenic rather than a tolerogenic regimen affords protection against AA instead of initiation or aggravation of AA. This protective effect of B177 is mediated in part by activation of T cells that are crossreactive with R465. CONCLUSION Downmodulation of AA by a pathogenic foreign epitope involving T cells crossreactive with a distant, protective self-determinant represents a novel aspect of immune regulation, and suggests further exploration of the use of pathogenic epitopes for the treatment of autoimmune arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malarvizhi Durai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 660 W. Redwood Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Palani D, Kulandai LT, Naraharirao MH, Guruswami S, Ramendra B. Application of polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism in typing ocular rapid-growing nontuberculous mycobacterial isolates from three patients with postoperative endophthalmitis. Cornea 2007; 26:729-35. [PMID: 17592326 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0b013e318060ac3a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We describe postoperative endophthalmitis caused by rapid-growing nontuberculous mycobacteria (RGNTM) in 3 patients after small-incision cataract surgery with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation performed elsewhere and referred to us for management. Subsequent identification and confirmation was carried out with biochemical tests and polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). MATERIALS AND METHODS The corneal scraping and eviscerated material of the first patient, the corneal button and the IOL of the second patient, and the corneal scraping of the third patient were processed for routine bacteriologic studies including acid-fast bacilli (AFB) by smear (excepting the IOL) and culture. Subsequent identification of the RGNTM was carried out by using biochemical tests and PCR-RFLP by using primers targeting the heat shock protein 65 region of mycobacteria. RESULTS AFB smear was positive in all 3 patients. The corneal scraping of the first patient, the corneal button and IOL of the second patient, and the corneal scraping of the third patient were culture positive for RGNTM and were identified as Mycobacterium abscessus in the first and second patients and M. fortuitum sorbitol-positive third biovariant in the third patient. CONCLUSIONS A clinical suspicion of infection by RGNTM in delayed-onset postoperative endophthalmitis should be considered when resistance to standard therapy is encountered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Palani
- L and T Microbiology Research Centre, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
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Huo Y, Li B, Zhang Y, Wang S, Bao M, Gao X, Li D, Wang L, Yu Y, Wang J. Pre-clinical safety evaluation of heat shock protein 65–MUC1 peptide fusion protein. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2007; 49:63-74. [PMID: 17600604 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2007.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2007] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
With a goal of developing a medication for the treatment of MUC1 expressing human cancers, a recombinant heat shock protein 65-MUC1 fusion protein (HSP65-MUC1) between BCG derived heat shock protein 65 (HSP65) and MUC1 derived peptide (MUC1) was developed. To move the HSP65-MUC1 into a phase I clinical trial, a comprehensive non-clinical safety evaluation was conducted. The evaluation comprised of single-dose toxicity and repeat-dose toxicity studies both in mice and rhesus monkeys. The data from the study indicates that the treatment with HSP65-MUC1 is not associated with obvious toxicity in the tested animals. The changes in clinical chemistry and hematology in both the mice and monkeys were considered to be mild because there were no indications of overt toxicity after administering HSP65-MUC1. The data provided here contributed to the approval of initiating a phase I clinical trial with HSP65-MUC1 for the treatment of patients with MUC1-positive breast cancer in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huo
- Biotechnology Center, School of Pharmacy, The Fouth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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35
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Trombone APF, Silva CL, Lima KM, Oliver C, Jamur MC, Prescott AR, Coelho-Castelo AAM. Endocytosis of DNA-Hsp65 alters the pH of the late endosome/lysosome and interferes with antigen presentation. PLoS One 2007; 2:e923. [PMID: 17895965 PMCID: PMC1976595 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0000923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2007] [Accepted: 08/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Experimental models using DNA vaccine has shown that this vaccine is efficient in generating humoral and cellular immune responses to a wide variety of DNA-derived antigens. Despite the progress in DNA vaccine development, the intracellular transport and fate of naked plasmid DNA in eukaryotic cells is poorly understood, and need to be clarified in order to facilitate the development of novel vectors and vaccine strategies. Methodology and Principal Findings Using confocal microscopy, we have demonstrated for the first time that after plasmid DNA uptake an inhibition of the acidification of the lysosomal compartment occurs. This lack of acidification impaired antigen presentation to CD4 T cells, but did not alter the recruitment of MyD88. The recruitment of Rab 5 and Lamp I were also altered since we were not able to co-localize plasmid DNA with Rab 5 and Lamp I in early endosomes and late endosomes/lysosomes, respectively. Furthermore, we observed that the DNA capture process in macrophages was by clathrin-mediated endocytosis. In addition, we observed that plasmid DNA remains in vesicles until it is in a juxtanuclear location, suggesting that the plasmid does not escape into the cytoplasmic compartment. Conclusions and Significance Taken together our data suggests a novel mechanism involved in the intracellular trafficking of plasmid DNA, and opens new possibilities for the use of lower doses of plasmid DNA to regulate the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula F. Trombone
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Brazilian Tuberculosis Research Network of School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Célio L. Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Brazilian Tuberculosis Research Network of School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karla M. Lima
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Constance Oliver
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Célia Jamur
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alan R. Prescott
- Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland
| | - Arlete A. M. Coelho-Castelo
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Brazilian Tuberculosis Research Network of School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Jang EY, Lee SO, Choi SH, Sung H, Kim MN, Kim BJ, Choi SH, Kim YS, Woo JH. Case of pyomyositis due to Mycobacterium haemophilum in a renal transplant recipient. J Clin Microbiol 2007; 45:3847-9. [PMID: 17898155 PMCID: PMC2168520 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01067-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a case of pyomyositis due to Mycobacterium haemophilum in a renal transplant recipient. M. haemophilum was identified by PCR-mediated sequence analysis of the heat shock protein gene in the DNA of the specimen. The patient was successfully treated with repeated surgical debridement and prolonged antimycobacterial therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Young Jang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, Korea
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37
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Luna E, Postol E, Caldas C, Benvenuti LA, Rodrigues JM, Lima K, Kalil J, Coelho V. Treatment with encapsulated Hsp60 peptide (p277) prolongs skin graft survival in a murine model of minor antigen disparity. Scand J Immunol 2007; 66:62-70. [PMID: 17587347 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2007.01951.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The increased expression of heat shock protein (Hsp)60 in different kinds of graft tissues has been associated with a proinflammatory role and rejection. However, there are very few reports in which treatment with Hsp60 delays skin allograft rejection. The aim of this work was to evaluate the capacity of encapsulated human Hsp60-derived peptide p277 to delay graft rejection in two murine models of skin transplantation with minor antigen disparities. Briefly, BALB/c mice and C57BL/6 were intranasally pre-treated with five doses of Hsp60 p277 peptide encapsulated in polylactide-co-glycolide acid microspheres (PLGM), and received skin grafts from DBA2 mice and 129/B6 (F1) mice respectively. The treatment with the peptide increased skin graft survival more than 20 days in both the mouse strains, mainly in C57BL/6 recipients (P < 0.05). Also, p277-treated BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice showed IL-10 and IFN-gamma production, induced by p277 peptide. For the first time, a mucosal schedule using the Hsp60 C-terminal peptide p277 encapsulated in PLGM showed some survival prolongation of skin grafts bearing minor antigen disparities. Our results suggest a potential role for Hsp60-based therapy and the mucosal route as a useful tool to control the inflammatory response to allografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Luna
- Heart Institute (InCor) University of São Paulo Medical SchoolDivision of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Internal Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of São PauloInstitute for Investigation in Immunology-Millennium InstituteNANOCORE Biotecnologia Ltda, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - E Postol
- Heart Institute (InCor) University of São Paulo Medical SchoolDivision of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Internal Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of São PauloInstitute for Investigation in Immunology-Millennium InstituteNANOCORE Biotecnologia Ltda, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C Caldas
- Heart Institute (InCor) University of São Paulo Medical SchoolDivision of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Internal Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of São PauloInstitute for Investigation in Immunology-Millennium InstituteNANOCORE Biotecnologia Ltda, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L A Benvenuti
- Heart Institute (InCor) University of São Paulo Medical SchoolDivision of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Internal Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of São PauloInstitute for Investigation in Immunology-Millennium InstituteNANOCORE Biotecnologia Ltda, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J M Rodrigues
- Heart Institute (InCor) University of São Paulo Medical SchoolDivision of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Internal Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of São PauloInstitute for Investigation in Immunology-Millennium InstituteNANOCORE Biotecnologia Ltda, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - K Lima
- Heart Institute (InCor) University of São Paulo Medical SchoolDivision of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Internal Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of São PauloInstitute for Investigation in Immunology-Millennium InstituteNANOCORE Biotecnologia Ltda, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J Kalil
- Heart Institute (InCor) University of São Paulo Medical SchoolDivision of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Internal Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of São PauloInstitute for Investigation in Immunology-Millennium InstituteNANOCORE Biotecnologia Ltda, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - V Coelho
- Heart Institute (InCor) University of São Paulo Medical SchoolDivision of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Internal Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of São PauloInstitute for Investigation in Immunology-Millennium InstituteNANOCORE Biotecnologia Ltda, São Paulo, Brazil
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Olsen RJ, Cernoch PA, Austin CM, Graviss EA, Farkas DH, Land GA. Validation of the MycoAlign system for Mycobacterium spp. identification. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2007; 59:105-8. [PMID: 17572036 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2007.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2006] [Revised: 04/18/2007] [Accepted: 04/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Validation of the MycoAlign assay, a newly developed Mycobacterium spp. identification system based on internal transcribed spacer-1 sequencing, was performed using 50 acid-fast bacilli (AFB)-positive clinical laboratory specimens. Forty-three (86%) diagnostic-level results were obtained, including 38 Mycobacterium spp. and 5 other AFB-positive genera. Three isolates (6%) had suboptimal identity scores with high probability (81-87% identity score). Four (8%) mixed-pattern results were obtained. Forty-five (90%) observations were concordant with the species identification by standard methods, including all controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randall J Olsen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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39
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Mun HS, Kim HJ, Oh EJ, Kim H, Park YG, Bai GH, Do J, Cha CY, Kook YH, Kim BJ. Direct application of AvaII PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (AvaII PRA) targeting 644 bp heat shock protein 65 (hsp65) gene to sputum samples. Microbiol Immunol 2007; 51:105-10. [PMID: 17237605 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2007.tb03880.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the usefulness of the AvaII PRA method targeting 644-bp hsp65 gene for the direct detection of pathogenic mycobacteria from clinical specimens, we applied this method to 40 sputum samples and compared the results to those obtained by IS 6110 PCR. Although this method showed a sensitivity slightly lower than IS 6110 PCR (97.5% vs. 100%), it detected infections of M. avium complex (MAC) in two patients, which was not possible by IS 6110 PCR. We conclude that AvaII PRA is a highly effective method for directly detecting pathogenic mycobacteria in primary clinical specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Suk Mun
- Department of Microbiology, and Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Korea
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40
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Zhang Y, Xu J, Zhao R, Liu J, Wu J. Inhibition effects on liver tumors of BALB/c mice bearing H22 cells by immunization with a recombinant immunogen of GnRH linked to heat shock protein 65. Vaccine 2007; 25:6911-21. [PMID: 17728021 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2007] [Revised: 06/25/2007] [Accepted: 07/09/2007] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In the following study, we prepared a double-chain miniprotein with each chain containing three linear repeats of the self-peptide gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH(3)), the hinge region of human IgG1 (hinge), and a T-helper epitope from the measles virus protein (MVP). The di-GnRH(3)-hinge-MVP miniprotein was conjugated to purified recombinant heat shock protein 65 (Hsp65) of Mycobacterium bovis and used to immunize BALB/c mice primed with subcutaneous injection of Bacillus Calmette-Gurerin (BCG) in the absence of adjuvants. After anti-GnRH antibodies were successfully produced, mice were inoculated with H22 cells as a solid tumor. The results showed that after GnRH was inhibited by anti-GnRH antibodies the testosterone levels in sera markedly decreased (P<0.01) and the testicle weights reduced as well (P<0.05) in GnRH(3)-hinge-MVP-Hsp65-immunized mice. The average weight of tumors in mice treated with GnRH(3)-hinge-MVP-Hsp65 was significantly lower than in mice treated with saline only (neutral control, P<0.001), or less than in mice treated with Hsp65 (negative control, P<0.005). The data reported here demonstrated that GnRH(3)-hinge-MVP-Hsp65 could significantly attenuate the progression of liver tumor in mice transplanted with H22 cells, and might develop to be palliative treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients in the future.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neoplasm/blood
- Bacterial Proteins/genetics
- Bacterial Proteins/immunology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/prevention & control
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chaperonin 60
- Chaperonins/genetics
- Chaperonins/immunology
- Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/chemistry
- Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/genetics
- Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/immunology
- Humans
- Immunization
- Immunotherapy
- Liver Neoplasms/prevention & control
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Testosterone/analysis
- Vaccines, Subunit/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Subunit/genetics
- Vaccines, Subunit/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- Viral Proteins/chemistry
- Viral Proteins/genetics
- Viral Proteins/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Zhang
- Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road 1, Nanjing 210046, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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41
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Martin A, Uwizeye C, Fissette K, De Rijk P, Palomino JC, Leao S, Portaels F. Application of the hsp65 PRA method for the rapid identification of mycobacteria isolated from clinical samples in Belgium. J Microbiol Methods 2007; 71:39-43. [PMID: 17719666 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2007.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2007] [Revised: 06/20/2007] [Accepted: 07/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Biochemical identification of mycobacteria is slow and many times fail to produce correct results. We compared PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (PRA) of hsp65 and biochemical methods for the identification of mycobacteria from human samples in Belgium. PRA was found useful in the identification of mycobacteria and simple to implement as a quick method in the laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anandi Martin
- Mycobacteriology Unit, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat, 155, Antwerp, B-2000-Belgium.
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42
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Jonson CO, Lernmark A, Ludvigsson J, Rutledge EA, Hinkkanen A, Faresjö M. The importance of CTLA-4 polymorphism and human leukocyte antigen genotype for the induction of diabetes-associated cytokine response in healthy school children. Pediatr Diabetes 2007; 8:185-92. [PMID: 17659059 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-5448.2007.00245.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease associated with the destruction of pancreatic beta cells and genetically linked to human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II DR3-DQ2 and DR4-DQ8 haplotypes. The +49A/G polymorphism of the immunoregulatory cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) gene is also associated with T1D. Genetic and environmental risk factors precede the onset of T1D, which is characterized by a T helper 1 cell-dominating cytokine response to diabetes-related autoantigens. AIM To investigate immunological differences between healthy children with and without CTLA-4 +49A/G and HLA genetic susceptibility for T1D. STUDY DESIGN Young, 7-15 years of age, healthy subjects (n = 58) were investigated to test whether CTLA-4 +49A/G genotype was associated with enzyme-linked immunospot assay T-cell responses to T1D-related autoantigens. Because T1D is primarily HLA-DQ associated, we stratified the healthy subjects by HLA genotypes associated with the disease. RESULTS Peptide of heat shock protein 60 induced a higher interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) response in subjects with risk-associated CTLA-4 polymorphism (GG genotype) (p = 0.02) while glutamic acid decarboxylase 65-induced interleukin-4 (IL-4) secretion was lower in GG genotype subjects (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION The increased IFN-gamma response and lower IL-4 response toward diabetes-related autoantigens shown in CTLA-4 +49 GG risk subjects show a possible mechanism for the association between CTLA-4 and T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl-Oscar Jonson
- Division of Pediatrics and Diabetes Research Centre, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
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Liu H, Wu BH, Rowse GJ, Emtage PCR. Induction of CD4-independent E7-specific CD8+ memory response by heat shock fusion protein. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2007; 14:1013-23. [PMID: 17596433 PMCID: PMC2044492 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00029-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2007] [Revised: 02/28/2007] [Accepted: 06/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Infection with human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) is strongly associated with a number of disease states, of which cervical and anal cancers represent the most drastic endpoints. Induction of T-cell-mediated immunity, particularly cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), is important in eradication of HPV-induced lesions. Studies have shown that heat shock protein fusion proteins are capable of inducing potent antigen-specific CTL activity in experimental animal models. In addition, E7-expressing tumors in C57BL/6 mice can be eradicated by treatment with HspE7, an Hsp fusion protein composed of Mycobacterium bovis BCG Hsp65 linked to E7 protein of HPV16. More importantly, HspE7 has also displayed significant clinical benefit in phase II clinical trials for the immunotherapy of HPV-related diseases. To delineate the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of HspE7, we investigated the capability of HspE7 to induce antigen-specific protective immunity. Here, we demonstrate that HspE7 primes potent E7-specific CD8(+) T cells with cytolytic and cytokine secretion activities. These CD8(+) T cells can differentiate into memory T cells with effector functions in the absence of CD4(+) T-cell help. The HspE7-induced memory CD8(+) T cells persist for at least 17 weeks and confer protection against E7-positive murine tumor cell challenge. These results indicate that HspE7 is a promising immunotherapeutic agent for treating HPV-related disease. Moreover, the ability of HspE7 to induce memory CD8(+) T cells in the absence of CD4(+) help indicates that HspE7 fusion protein may have activity in individuals with compromised CD4(+) functions, such as those with invasive cancer and/or human immunodeficiency virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Liu
- Nventa Biopharmaceuticals Corporation, Victoria, BC, Canada V8Z 4B9
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44
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Roman LD, Wilczynski S, Muderspach LI, Burnett AF, O'Meara A, Brinkman JA, Kast WM, Facio G, Felix JC, Aldana M, Weber JS. A phase II study of Hsp-7 (SGN-00101) in women with high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Gynecol Oncol 2007; 106:558-66. [PMID: 17631950 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2007.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2006] [Revised: 04/27/2007] [Accepted: 05/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Approximately 2 million women worldwide are infected with high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPV), resulting in a substantial risk for the development of invasive lower genital malignancies. This study was undertaken to determine the effects of vaccination with a protein encoding a bacterial heat shock protein fused to sequences from the oncogenic E7 protein of HPV-16 in women with high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Endpoints included lesion regression, immune response, and viral clearance. METHODS Twenty-one women were prospectively entered into an IRB-approved Phase II study. All women had biopsy-proven high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and persistent post-biopsy lesions visible by colposcopy. Four injections of HPV-16 Hsp E7 fusion protein at a dose of 500 mug were given 3 weeks apart after which Loop Electrosurgical Excision of the Transformation Zone (LLETZ) was performed. Immune parameters were evaluated pre-vaccine and at the time of LLETZ, and HPV testing was performed at intervals before and after LLETZ. Study subjects were followed for 1 year after LLETZ. RESULTS Seven of 20 women (35%) evaluable for response had complete regression of their intraepithelial neoplasia at the time of LLETZ, 1 (5%) had regression to CIN I, 11 (55%) had stable disease and 1 (5%) had progression due to enlargement of her lesion. Immune responses were seen in 9 of the 17 women tested; 5 of the 7 complete responders had an immune response. Only 5 of 21 women had HPV-16 or -18. HPV clearance was not associated with lesion regression. CONCLUSION Hsp-7 (SGN-00101), at this dose and schedule induced lesion regression in women with high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia. The fact that regression was correlated with immune response suggests that enhancing the immunogenicity of this vaccine may lead to improvement in the rate of lesion eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- L D Roman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
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45
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Kim HY, Yun YJ, Park CG, Lee DH, Cho YK, Park BJ, Joo SI, Kim EC, Hur YJ, Kim BJ, Kook YH. Outbreak of Mycobacterium massiliense infection associated with intramuscular injections. J Clin Microbiol 2007; 45:3127-30. [PMID: 17626174 PMCID: PMC2045247 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00608-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Twelve strains of a rapidly growing Mycobacterium species were isolated from an outbreak associated with intramuscular injections of an antimicrobial agent and were identified by comparative sequence analysis of rpoB and hsp65. These isolates were identified as Mycobacterium massiliense (100% similarity).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Youn Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Cancer Research Institute, Institute of Endemic Diseases, SNUMRC, Korea
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46
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Chang PL, Hsieh WS, Chiang CL, Tuohy MJ, Hall GS, Procop GW, Chang HT, Ho HT. The hsp65 gene patterns of less common Mycobacterium and Nocardia spp. by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis with capillary electrophoresis. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2007; 58:315-23. [PMID: 17382507 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2007.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2006] [Revised: 02/08/2007] [Accepted: 02/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To rapidly identify Mycobacterium and Nocardia spp. without costly probes, we had implemented capillary electrophoresis (CE) in polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis to analyze their 65-kDa heat shock protein (hsp65) gene. The PCR-RFLP analysis with CE (PRACE) involved only one restriction enzyme, HaeIII, and a single electrophoretic separation less than 10 min. Full-range (10-200 bp) RFLP patterns of 12 less common Mycobacterium and 7 Nocardia spp. were investigated. A good agreement was observed between the sizes of restriction fragments resolved by CE and the real sizes deduced from sequence analysis. Including hsp65 gene patterns of 12 Mycobacterium spp. published earlier, differentiation was distinct among 24 Mycobacterium and 7 Nocardia spp. Some closely related species exhibiting similar biochemical characteristics could be well discriminated by an extra HaeIII digestion site. Thus, PRACE offers a nonprobe alternative for rapid identification of various cultured Mycobacterium and Nocardia to the species level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Ling Chang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Rajan AN, Kashyap RS, Purohit HJ, Taori GM, Daginawala HF. Serodiagnosis of tuberculosis based on the analysis of the 65 kD heat shock protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2007; 11:792-7. [PMID: 17609056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the 65 kD heat shock protein (hsp) antigen in serum samples of tuberculosis (TB) patients by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific to the 65 kD hsp antigen for the diagnosis of TB. DESIGN Serum samples were obtained from 188 different groups of patients (confirmed TB [n = 24], clinically suspected TB [n = 48], non-TB disease controls [n = 74] and healthy individuals [n = 42]) and analysed by ELISA using mAbs to the 65 kD hsp antigen. The Kruskal Wallis test (non-parametric analysis of variance) with the Dunnett post test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS The method yielded 82% sensitivity and 89% specificity for the diagnosis of TB. The mean (+ or -SD) absorbance value of the 65 kD hsp antigen in TB patients (1.73 + or - 0.27) was significantly higher than in the non-TB disease control group (1.12 + or - 0.42, P < 0.001) and was also higher than among healthy individuals (1.06 + or - 0.42, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The detection of the 65 kD hsp antigen in serum samples from confirmed and suspected TB patients by ELISA using mAb against purified 65 kD antigen gives a reliable diagnosis and could be considered as a diagnostic marker for TB. The absence of the 65 kD hsp antigen in healthy control BCG-vaccinated subjects indicates the diagnostic value of this assay in regions of endemicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Rajan
- Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Central India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, India
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Santos Júnior RRD, Sartori A, Bonato VLD, Coelho Castelo AAM, Vilella CA, Zollner RL, Silva CL. Immune modulation induced by tuberculosis DNA vaccine protects non-obese diabetic mice from diabetes progression. Clin Exp Immunol 2007; 149:570-8. [PMID: 17590177 PMCID: PMC2219319 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2007.03433.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We have described previously the prophylactic and therapeutic effect of a DNA vaccine encoding the Mycobacterium leprae 65 kDa heat shock protein (DNA-HSP65) in experimental murine tuberculosis. However, the high homology of this protein to the corresponding mammalian 60 kDa heat shock protein (Hsp60), together with the CpG motifs in the plasmid vector, could trigger or exacerbate the development of autoimmune diseases. The non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse develops insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) spontaneously as a consequence of an autoimmune process that leads to destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas. IDDM is characterized by increased T helper 1 (Th1) cell responses toward several autoantigens, including Hsp60, glutamic acid decarboxylase and insulin. In the present study, we evaluated the potential of DNA-HSP65 injection to modulate diabetes in NOD mice. Our results show that DNA-HSP65 or DNA empty vector had no diabetogenic effect and actually protected NOD mice against the development of severe diabetes. However, this effect was more pronounced in DNA-HSP65-injected mice. The protective effect of DNA-HSP65 injection was associated with a clear shift in the cellular infiltration pattern in the pancreas. This change included reduction of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells infiltration, appearance of CD25(+) cells influx and an increased staining for interleukin (IL)-10 in the islets. These results show that DNA-HSP65 can protect NOD mice against diabetes and can therefore be considered in the development of new immunotherapeutic strategies.
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Einstein MH, Kadish AS, Burk RD, Kim MY, Wadler S, Streicher H, Goldberg GL, Runowicz CD. Heat shock fusion protein-based immunotherapy for treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia III. Gynecol Oncol 2007; 106:453-60. [PMID: 17586030 PMCID: PMC2013935 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2007.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2007] [Revised: 04/06/2007] [Accepted: 04/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES SGN-00101 (HspE7, Nventa, San Diego, CA) is a novel therapeutic vaccine consisting of a fusion protein containing an M. bovis BCG heat shock protein (Hsp65) covalently linked to the entire sequence of HPV 16 E7. This trial was designed to evaluate the efficacy and toxicities of HspE7 in women with CIN III. METHODS HIV (-) women with biopsy-proven CIN III were eligible. Two cohorts were accrued; one cohort to establish efficacy and a second cohort with a longer follow-up period to improve the precision of the trial to estimate response rates. Each patient underwent 3 monthly subcutaneous vaccinations with 500 microg of HspE7 followed by monthly colposcopic follow-up for 1 month in cohort 1 and an extended observation period (2 months) in cohort 2. All patients then underwent a LEEP or cone biopsy of the cervix. A complete pathologic response (pCR) was defined as no evidence of CIN or CIN I (only HPV changes). A partial response (PR) was defined as colposcopic lesion regression of >50% in size. Cervicovaginal lavage samples were obtained at each visit for HPV typing using MY09/ MY11 HPV PCR. RESULTS Seventy-two patients were registered and screened, of whom 64 were eligible. Fifty-eight patients completed the trial and were evaluable (31 in cohort 1, 27 in cohort 2). There were no significant epidemiologic or HPV type differences between the 2 cohorts so responses were combined for analysis. Of the 58 evaluable patients, 13 (22.5%) had a pCR; 32 (55%) had a PR and 11 (19%) had stable disease. Two (3.5%) patients in cohort 2 had microinvasive disease and were defined as progressive disease. Thirty-three of 58 (57%) of the patients were infected with HPV 16 prior to vaccination or in subsequent visits. There was no significant difference in regression in women infected with HPV 16 compared to those without HPV 16 infection (88% vs. 70%; p=0.12). Women who had a previous LEEP or ablation for CIN were 2.7 times more likely to have a complete response compared to patients without previous treatment, although the difference was not statistically significant (95% CI for rate ratio: 0.95-6.19, p=0.10). At a cellular level, there was a significant association between local inflammation and response; lower grade of lesional inflammation correlated with a response to HspE7 (p=0.04 using Wilcoxon rank sum test). CONCLUSIONS HspE7 appeared to demonstrate activity in women with CIN III and met a priori assumptions for efficacy; however, it is unclear whether this response was due to natural regression rather than treatment effect. HspE7, which targets the HPV 16 E7 oncoprotein, had efficacy in patients infected with HPV types other than 16, suggesting cross-reactivity. A larger randomized, controlled trial is needed to better define efficacy and to identify subsets of women most likely to benefit from immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark H Einstein
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, and Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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Satpute SR, Soukhareva N, Scott DW, Moudgil KD. Mycobacterial Hsp65-IgG-expressing tolerogenic B cells confer protection against adjuvant-induced arthritis in Lewis rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 56:1490-6. [PMID: 17469108 DOI: 10.1002/art.22566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tolerization of T cells directed against a target autoantigen is a desired goal of experimental approaches for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, and novel and improved methods of tolerance induction are continuously being sought. Because most traditional methods of tolerance induction using soluble antigen are effective in the prevention of autoimmunity but fail to control established disease, this study was carried out to explore an innovative tolerogenic approach for the treatment of ongoing disease, using the rat adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) model of human rheumatoid arthritis. METHODS Lewis (RT.1(l)) rats were injected subcutaneously with heat-killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra to induce AIA. Before or after AIA induction, Lewis rats were treated intraperitoneally (IP) with tolerogenic B cells expressing a fusion construct of mycobacterial 65-kd heat-shock protein (Hsp65) and IgG heavy-chain. For comparison, control rats were treated IP with ovalbumin (OVA)-IgG-expressing B cells or soluble mycobacterial Hsp65, and the effects on AIA were observed. We also tested the immune response to mycobacterial Hsp65 in B cell-tolerized rats. RESULTS Administration of tolerogenic mycobacterial Hsp65-expressing B cells as well as soluble mycobacterial Hsp65, but not OVA-expressing B cells, resulted in a significant decrease in the severity of subsequent AIA. However, in rats with established disease, only the B cell regimen of mycobacterial Hsp65, but not the soluble antigen, suppressed ongoing AIA. CONCLUSION Mycobacterial Hsp65-IgG-expressing B cells can successfully attenuate the progression of AIA. This study introduces a promising approach for the treatment of arthritis that should be further explored.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Arthritis, Experimental/immunology
- Arthritis, Experimental/pathology
- Arthritis, Experimental/prevention & control
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/immunology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/pathology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/prevention & control
- Autoimmunity
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- B-Lymphocytes/physiology
- Bacterial Proteins/genetics
- Bacterial Proteins/metabolism
- Chaperonin 60
- Chaperonins/genetics
- Chaperonins/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial
- Immunoglobulin G/genetics
- Immunoglobulin G/metabolism
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- Male
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred Lew
- Severity of Illness Index
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