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Long X, Wu Z, Jiang P, Tan K, Liu P, Peng Q. The shared mechanism and potential diagnostic markers for premature ovarian failure and dry eye disease. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16178. [PMID: 39003404 PMCID: PMC11246504 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67284-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Premature ovarian failure (POF), which is often comorbid with dry eye disease (DED) is a key issue affecting female health. Here, we explored the mechanism underlying comorbid POF and DED to further elucidate disease mechanisms and improve treatment. Datasets related to POF (GSE39501) and DED (GSE44101) were identified from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and subjected to weighted gene coexpression network (WGCNA) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analyses, respectively, with the intersection used to obtain 158 genes comorbid in POF and DED. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) analyses of comorbid genes revealed that identified genes were primarily related to DNA replication and Cell cycle, respectively. Protein-Protein interaction (PPI) network analysis of comorbid genes obtained the 15 hub genes: CDC20, BIRC5, PLK1, TOP2A, MCM5, MCM6, MCM7, MCM2, CENPA, FOXM1, GINS1, TIPIN, MAD2L1, and CDCA3. To validate the analysis results, additional POF- and DED-related datasets (GSE48873 and GSE171043, respectively) were selected. miRNAs-lncRNAs-genes network and machine learning methods were used to further analysis comorbid genes. The DGIdb database identified valdecoxib, amorfrutin A, and kaempferitrin as potential drugs. Herein, the comorbid genes of POF and DED were identified from a bioinformatics perspective, providing a new strategy to explore the comorbidity mechanism, opening up a new direction for the diagnosis and treatment of comorbid POF and DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Long
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Zixuan Wu
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Pengfei Jiang
- Quzhou Hospital of Zhejiang Medical and Health Group, Quzhou, China
| | - Kang Tan
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Pei Liu
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Qinghua Peng
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.
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2
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Rezaee A, Ahmadpour S, Jafari A, Aghili S, Zadeh SST, Rajabi A, Raisi A, Hamblin MR, Mahjoubin-Tehran M, Derakhshan M. MicroRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs and gynecological cancers: focus on metastasis. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1215194. [PMID: 37854681 PMCID: PMC10580988 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1215194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Gynecologic cancer is a significant cause of death in women worldwide, with cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, and endometrial cancer being among the most well-known types. The initiation and progression of gynecologic cancers involve a variety of biological functions, including angiogenesis and metastasis-given that death mostly occurs from metastatic tumors that have invaded the surrounding tissues. Therefore, understanding the molecular pathways underlying gynecologic cancer metastasis is critical for enhancing patient survival and outcomes. Recent research has revealed the contribution of numerous non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) to metastasis and invasion of gynecologic cancer by affecting specific cellular pathways. This review focuses on three types of gynecologic cancer (ovarian, endometrial, and cervical) and three kinds of ncRNAs (long non-coding RNAs, microRNAs, and circular RNAs). We summarize the detailed role of non-coding RNAs in the different pathways and molecular interactions involved in the invasion and metastasis of these cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryan Rezaee
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Ahmadpour
- Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
| | - Ameneh Jafari
- Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sarehnaz Aghili
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ali Rajabi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Arash Raisi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa
| | - Maryam Mahjoubin-Tehran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Marzieh Derakhshan
- Shahid Beheshti Fertility Clinic, Department of Gynecology and Obsteterics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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3
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Huang X, Zhang W, Shen X, Ma S, Liu L. miR-2053 inhibits the growth of ovarian cancer cells by downregulating SOX4. Open Med (Wars) 2023; 18:20230667. [PMID: 37251541 PMCID: PMC10224632 DOI: 10.1515/med-2023-0667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the major gynaecological malignancies and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Dysregulation of miR-2053 has been reported in numerous types of cancer; however, its function in ovarian cancer remains largely unknown. In our study, the roles of miR-2053 during the development of ovarian cancer were investigated. miR-2053 expression was examined in ovarian cancer specimens and cells. Furthermore, the detailed functions and downstream targets of miR-2053 were identified. Briefly, the levels of miR-2053 were assessed in ovarian cancer tissues and paired non-cancerous samples, as well as in ovarian cancer cells using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The proliferation of cells was determined by cell counting kit-8 kit, and the levels of PCNA were also examined using immunostaining. Cell migration and invasion were evaluated using Transwell assay, and E-cad expression was assessed by immunostaining. In addition, cell apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry, and the expression of cleaved caspase-3 was examined using western blotting. The results revealed the downregulation of miR-2053 in ovarian cancer tissues and cells. Moreover, miR-2053 mimics suppressed the proliferation, migration, and invasion of ovarian cancer cells, while cell apoptosis was promoted. In addition, SOX4 was a putative downstream molecule of miR-2053 in ovarian cancer. Furthermore, SOX4 is involved in miR-2053-regulated growth and metastasis of ovarian cancer cells. In summary, miR-2053 and its novel target SOX4 could serve essential roles during tumour development of ovarian cancer, more importantly, miR-2053/SOX4 axis may be novel candidate for targeted therapy for patients with ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China
| | - Xiumin Shen
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China
| | - Sai Ma
- Departments of Haematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China
| | - Lili Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, 2 Renmin Street,
Guta, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China
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4
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Kargutkar N, Hariharan P, Nadkarni A. Dynamic interplay of microRNA in diseases and therapeutic. Clin Genet 2023; 103:268-276. [PMID: 36310341 PMCID: PMC9874567 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are the major class of small non-coding RNAs, evolutionary conserved post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. Since their discovery in 1993, they have been implicated as master regulators in numerous cellular processes. MicroRNA (miRNA)s regulate gene expression by attenuation and/or mRNA degradation and are commonly associated with cell development, differentiation, and homeostasis. Extensive research in past two decades has provided new insights into the potential implications of miRNA in the onset, progression, and therapeutic nature of miRNAs in disease manifestation. Owing to the novel discoveries, "miRNAs" would probably pave a new direction in therapeutic research. However, "micro" in length miRNAs have attracted considerable attention in numerous other fields. Understanding the functionality of miRNAs, in this review article, we discussed the mechanistic role of miRNAs in human diseases and have outlined most of the recent published work in clinical therapeutics. We have constructed different network models for miRNA and its targets which made us understand their interrelationship and association with diseases. Future research would surely overcome challenges and would introduce new strategies for the utility of miRNAs in a broader setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Kargutkar
- National Institute of Immunohaematology (ICMR)MumbaiIndia
| | | | - Anita Nadkarni
- National Institute of Immunohaematology (ICMR)MumbaiIndia
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Ismail A, Abulsoud AI, Fathi D, Elshafei A, El-Mahdy HA, Elsakka EG, Aglan A, Elkhawaga SY, Doghish AS. The role of miRNAs in Ovarian Cancer Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Resistance - A Focus on Signaling Pathways Interplay. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 240:154222. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Eini M, Parsi S, Barati M, Bahramali G, Alizadeh Zarei M, Kiani J, Azarnezhad A, Hosseini A. Bioinformatic Investigation of Micro RNA-802 Target Genes, Protein Networks, and Its Potential Prognostic Value in Breast Cancer. Avicenna J Med Biotechnol 2022; 14:154-164. [PMID: 35633990 PMCID: PMC9077654 DOI: 10.18502/ajmb.v14i2.8882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An increasing number of studies have suggested that unveiling the molecular network of miRNAs may provide novel therapeutic targets or biomarkers. In this study, we investigated the probable molecular functions that are related to microRNA-802 (miR-802) and evaluated its prognostic value in breast cancer utilizing bioinformatics tools. Methods PPI network, pathway enrichment and transcription factor analysis were applied to obtain hub genes among overlapping genes of four miRNA target prediction databases. Prognosis value assessments and expression analysis of hub genes using bioinformatics tools, as well as their literature validation were performed. Results Our results showed a significant correlation of the miR-802 overexpression with poor patient survival rate (BC, p=2.7e-5). We determined 247 target genes significant for GO and KEGG terms. Analysis of TFs by TRUST showed that RUNX3, FOXO3, and E2F1 are possible TFs that regulate the miR-802 expression and target genes network. According to our analysis; 21 genes might have an important function in miR-802 molecular processes and regulatory networks. The result shows that among these 21 genes, 8 genes (CASC3, ITGA4, AGO3, TARDBP, MED13L, SF1, SNRPE and CRNKL1) are positively correlated with patient survival. Therefore these genes could be considered and experimentally evaluated as a prognostic biomarker for breast cancer. Conclusion The comprehensive bioinformatics study on miR-802 target genes provided insight into miR-802 mediated pathways and processes. Furthermore, representing candidate target genes by prognostic values indicates the potential clinical application of miR-802 in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Eini
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Parsi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Mahmood Barati
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Jafar Kiani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Assad Azarnezhad
- Liver and Digestive Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Arshad Hosseini
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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7
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Zhong L, Liu X, Wang L, Liu Y, Zhang D, Zhao Y. MicroRNA-625-3p improved proliferation and involved chemotherapy resistance via targeting PTEN in high grade ovarian serous carcinoma. J Ovarian Res 2022; 15:7. [PMID: 35027053 PMCID: PMC8759160 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-021-00939-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is an aggressive gynaecological malignancy and associated with poor prognosis. Here we examined the effects of miR-625-3p on proliferation, treatment, migration and invasion in HGSOC. Methods The proliferation of HGSOC cells was evaluated by MTT assay. Transwell assay was performed to examine migration and matrigel assay were used to assess invasion. The effect of miR-625-3p on cisplatin-induced apoptosis was investigated by Caspase-Glo3/7 assay. The dual-luciferase reporter assay was carried out to confirm the potential binding site. Results Overexpression of miR-625-3p promoted proliferation, and increased migration and invasion in HGSOC cells. MiR-625-3p significantly inhibited cisplatin sensitivity in HGSOC cells. Meanwhile, miR-625-3p decreased cisplatin-induced apoptosis by regulation of BAX and Bcl-2 expression. Furthermore, aberrant expression of miR-625-3p changed PTEN expression by directly binding to 3’UTR of PTEN. Further study showed miR-625-3p expression was higher in human HGSOC tissue than normal ovarian tissues and associated with higher clinical stage. Conclusions miR-625-3p promotes HGSOC growth, involves chemotherapy resistance and might serve as a potential biomarker to predict chemotherapy response and prognosis in HGSOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhong
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Xiumin Liu
- Clinical Laboratory, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Lixing Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218, Ziqiang Street, Nanguan, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218, Ziqiang Street, Nanguan, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Duohan Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218, Ziqiang Street, Nanguan, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinlong Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218, Ziqiang Street, Nanguan, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Chen L, Li H, Yao D, Zou Q, Yu W, Zhou L. The novel circ_0084904/miR-802/MAL2 axis promotes the development of cervical cancer. Reprod Biol 2022; 22:100600. [PMID: 35033901 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2021.100600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been identified as critical regulators in human cancers, including cervical cancer (CC). However, the precise action of circ_0084904 in cervical carcinogenesis remains to be elucidated. The levels of circ_0084904, microRNA (miR)-802, and Mal, T cell differentiation protein 2 (MAL2) were checked by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) or western blot. Ribonuclease R (RNase R) and subcellular localization assays were used to detect the stability and localization of circ_0084904, respectively. Cell colony formation ability was assessed by colony formation assay. Cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. Cell migration and invasion abilities were gauged by transwell assay. Dual-luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays were applied to determine the direct relationship between miR-802 and circ_0084904 or MAL2. The xenograft experiments were performed to evaluate the role of circ_0084904 in tumor growth in vivo. Circ_0084904 was markedly up-regulated in CC tissues and cell lines. Silencing endogenous circ_0084904 impeded cell colony formation, cell cycle progression, migration, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and promoted apoptosis in vitro, as well as diminished tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, circ_0084904 targeted miR-802, and the effects of circ_0084904 silencing were mediated by miR-802. MAL2 was directly targeted and inhibited by miR-802, and MAL2 was a functional target of miR-802. Moreover, circ_0084904 modulated MAL2 expression via miR-802. Our study identified circ_0084904 as a novel oncogenic driver in CC depending on the modulation of the miR-802/MAL2 axis, establishing the notion that silencing of circ_0084904 might represent a promising targeted therapy for CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan City, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Hongying Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan City, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Dongmei Yao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan City, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Qian Zou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan City, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Weichang Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan City, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Limin Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan City, 430070, Hubei, China.
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9
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Huang X, Dong H, Liu Y, Yu F, Yang S, Chen Z, Li J. Silencing of let-7b-5p inhibits ovarian cancer cell proliferation and stemness characteristics by Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp-box helicase 19A. Bioengineered 2021; 12:7666-7677. [PMID: 34612147 PMCID: PMC8806929 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1982276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence and recurrence of ovarian cancer are associated with ovarian cancer stem cells. For cancer treatment, gene delivery of microbubbles (MB)-mediated microRNA (miRNA) is considered as a promising approach. In this study, our aim is to investigate the effects of MB-mediated let-7b-5p inhibitor on the proliferation and stemness characteristics of ovarian cancer (OVCA) cells. Let-7b-5p inhibitor mediated by MB was prepared (termed MB-let-7b-5p inhibitor), and the effects of MB-let-7b-5p inhibitor and let-7b-5p inhibitor on OVCA cell viability, proliferation and stemness characteristics were investigated. We found that MB-let-7b-5p inhibitor presented a higher transfection efficiency than let-7b-5p inhibitor alone. The inhibitory effect of MB-let-7b-5p inhibitor on OVCA cells was more significant than let-7b-5p inhibitor. Let-7b-5p targeted DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp)-box helicase 19A (DDX19A), which was downregulated in OVCA cells. The downregulation of DDX19A reversed the inhibitory effects of MB-let-7b-5p inhibitor on OVCA cells. To sum up, we found that MB-let-7b-5p suppressed OVCA cell malignant behaviors by targeting DDX19A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Huang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan Hubei, China
| | - Hongxia Dong
- Department of Ultrasound, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan Hubei, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan Hubei, China
| | - Fen Yu
- Department of Ultrasound, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan Hubei, China
| | - Shunshi Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan Hubei, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Emergency, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan Hubei, China
| | - Jueying Li
- Department of Ultrasound, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan Hubei, China
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10
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Gao T, Zou M, Shen T, Duan S. Dysfunction of miR-802 in tumors. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 35:e23989. [PMID: 34558723 PMCID: PMC8605121 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that miR-802 is abnormally expressed in many tumors. miR-802 is expressed at low levels in tissues and cells of gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer, epithelial ovarian cancer, tongue squamous cell carcinoma, oral squamous cell carcinoma, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma. In contrast, miR-802 is overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma, bladder urothelial cancer, osteosarcoma, and cholesteatoma tissue cells. It should be noted that the results of studies on the expression of miR-802 in pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, and lung cancer are inconsistent. Current studies have found that miR-802 can target and regulate genes in different tumors, and affect the regulation of the Wnt signaling pathway, EMT signaling pathway, PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, ERK signaling pathway, and Hedgehog signaling pathway. At the same time, miR-802 is regulated by the endogenous competition of four ceRNAs, including circDONSON, IGFL2-AS1, MIR155HG, and MIR4435-2HG. This article reviews the abnormal expression of miR-802 in a variety of tumors, expounds the mechanism by which miR-802 affects tumor progression by regulating different target genes, and elaborates the network of miR-802-related ceRNAs. We also summarized the limitations of miR-802 research and looked forward to the potential application of miR-802 in the diagnosis and prognosis of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Gao
- Medical Genetics Center, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
| | - Mengsha Zou
- Medical Genetics Center, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
| | - Tiancheng Shen
- Medical Genetics Center, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
| | - Shiwei Duan
- Medical Genetics Center, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China.,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China
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11
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Singh R, Som A. Common miRNAs, candidate genes and their interaction network across four subtypes of epithelial ovarian cancer. Bioinformation 2021; 17:748-759. [PMID: 35540695 PMCID: PMC9049094 DOI: 10.6026/97320630017748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is categorized into four major histological subtypes such as clear cell carcinoma (CCC), endometrioid carcinoma (EC), mucinous carcinoma (MC), and serous carcinoma (SC). Heterogeneity of the EOC leads to different clinical outcomes of the disease, although all the subtypes are originated from the same layer of tissue. Therefore, it is of interest to identify the common candidate genes, miRNA and their interaction network in four the subtypes of EOC. A comparative gene expression analysis identified 248 common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the four subtypes of EOC. Identified common DEGs were found to be enriched in cancer specific pathways. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of the common DEGs were constructed, and subsequent module and survival analyses identified seven key candidate genes (CCNB1, CENPM, CEP55, RACGAP1, TPX2, UBE2C, and ZWINT). We also documented 10 key candidate miRNAs (hsa-mir-16-5p, hsa-mir-23b-3p, hsa-mir-34a-5p, hsa-mir-103a-3p, hsa-mir-107, hsa-mir-124-3p, hsa-mir-129-2-3p, hsa-mir-147a, hsa-mir-205-5p, and hsa-mir-195-5p) linked to the candidate genes. These derived data find application in the understanding of EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinki Singh
- Centre of Bioinformatics, Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj - 211002, India
| | - Anup Som
- Centre of Bioinformatics, Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj - 211002, India
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12
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Xie W, Sun H, Li X, Lin F, Wang Z, Wang X. Ovarian cancer: epigenetics, drug resistance, and progression. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:434. [PMID: 34404407 PMCID: PMC8369623 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02136-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in women. OC is associated with the activation of oncogenes, the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, and the activation of abnormal cell signaling pathways. Moreover, epigenetic processes have been found to play an important role in OC tumorigenesis. Epigenetic processes do not change DNA sequences but regulate gene expression through DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA. This review comprehensively considers the importance of epigenetics in OC, with a focus on microRNA and long non-coding RNA. These types of RNA are promising molecular markers and therapeutic targets that may support precision medicine in OC. DNA methylation inhibitors and histone deacetylase inhibitors may be useful for such targeting, with a possible novel approach combining these two therapies. Currently, the clinical application of such epigenetic approaches is limited by multiple obstacles, including the heterogeneity of OC, insufficient sample sizes in reported studies, and non-optimized methods for detecting potential tumor markers. Nonetheless, the application of epigenetic approaches to OC patient diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis is a promising area for future clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Xie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Xinhua Hospital, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Huizhen Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Xinhua Hospital, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoduan Li
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feikai Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Xinhua Hospital, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziliang Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Xinhua Hospital, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xipeng Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Xinhua Hospital, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China.
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13
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Sadoughi F, Asemi Z, Hallajzadeh J, Mansournia MA, Yousefi B. Beta-glucans is a potential inhibitor of ovarian cancer: based on molecular and biological aspects. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 23:1142-1152. [PMID: 34375183 DOI: 10.2174/1389201022666210810090728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a lethal type of cancer which is initiated in the ovaries and affects 1 out of every 75 women. Due to the high number of deaths (almost 152,000) related to this cancer, it seems that novel effiecient therapeutic methods are required in this field. Beta-glucans are a type of glucose linear polymers which have proven to have a lot of advantageous activities. Recently, investigations have declared that these polysaccharides have the potential to be used as anti-cancer drugs. These agents are able to affect several mechanisms such as inflammation and apoptosis and that is how cancers are prone to be affected by them. In this review, we attempt to investigate the role of beta-glucans on ovarian cancer. We hope that this paper might give novel insights in the field of ovarian cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Sadoughi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R., Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R., Iran
| | - Jamal Hallajzadeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Research Center for Evidence-Based Health Management, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Mansournia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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14
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Ni M, Yan Q, Xue H, Du Y, Zhao S, Zhao Z. Identification of MYLIP gene and miRNA-802 involved in the growth and metastasis of cervical cancer cells. Cancer Biomark 2021; 30:287-298. [PMID: 33185588 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-201523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dysregulation of microRNA-802 (miR-802) has crucial roles in cancer progression. Nevertheless, the bio-function of miR-802 in cervical cancer remains unclear. OBJECTIVE Hence, we illuminated the potential roles of miR-802 in cervical cancer cell growth, migration, and invasion. METHODS The levels of miR-802 and myosin regulatory light chain interacting protein (MYLIP) were measured using qRT-PCR assay. The potential effects of miRNA-802 on cervical cancer cell proliferation and metastatic phenotypes were determined using CCK-8, colony formation, wound healing and Transwell invasion assays. MYLIP was validated as a downstream target gene of miRNA-802 using bioinformatics analysis tool and luciferase report gene assay. The impact of miR-802 on the growth of cervical cancer cell in vivo was analyzed using xenograft model. The expression of MYLIP was measured by western blotting and immunohistochemistry (IHC). RESULTS MiRNA-802 was distinctly down-regulated in cervical cancer cells as well as clinical cervical cancer samples. Upregulation of miRNA-802 significantly inhibited the growth and aggressiveness of cervical cancer cell. Additional, MYLIP was a functional target of miR-802. MYLIP was ovrerexpressed in cervical cancer and MYLIP level was negatively associated with the level of miR-802. Overexpression of MYLIP eliminated the inhibitory effects of miR-802 on growth and metastatic-related traits of cervical cancer cell. In vivo, miR-802 also markedly reduced the tumor growth of cervical cancer cell and decreased the expression of MYLIP. CONCLUSIONS MiR-802 inhibits the growth and metastatic-related phenotypes of cervical cancer cell through targeting MYLIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ni
- Gynecological Department, Wuhan Hanyang Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Gynecological Department, Wuhan Hanyang Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qin Yan
- Department of Oncology, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Gynecological Department, Wuhan Hanyang Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hui Xue
- Department of Gynecology, The Qingdao Hiser Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yanfang Du
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Shuangdan Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Zhiming Zhao
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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15
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Luo J, Zhu L, Zhou N, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Zhang R. Construction of Circular RNA-MicroRNA-Messenger RNA Regulatory Network of Recurrent Implantation Failure to Explore Its Potential Pathogenesis. Front Genet 2021; 11:627459. [PMID: 33664765 PMCID: PMC7924221 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.627459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Many studies on circular RNAs (circRNAs) have recently been published. However, the function of circRNAs in recurrent implantation failure (RIF) is unknown and remains to be explored. This study aims to determine the regulatory mechanisms of circRNAs in RIF. Methods: Microarray data of RIF circRNA (GSE147442), microRNA (miRNA; GSE71332), and messenger RNA (mRNA; GSE103465) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to identify differentially expressed circRNA, miRNA, and mRNA. The circRNA–miRNA–mRNA network was constructed by Cytoscape 3.8.0 software, then the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed by STRING database, and the hub genes were identified by cytoHubba plug-in. The circRNA–miRNA–hub gene regulatory subnetwork was formed to understand the regulatory axis of hub genes in RIF. Finally, the Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis of the hub genes were performed by clusterProfiler package of Rstudio software, and Reactome Functional Interaction (FI) plug-in was used for reactome analysis to comprehensively analyze the mechanism of hub genes in RIF. Results: A total of eight upregulated differentially expressed circRNAs (DECs), five downregulated DECs, 56 downregulated differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRs), 104 upregulated DEmiRs, 429 upregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and 1,067 downregulated DEGs were identified regarding RIF. The miRNA response elements of 13 DECs were then predicted. Seven overlapping miRNAs were obtained by intersecting the predicted miRNA and DEmiRs. Then, 56 overlapping mRNAs were obtained by intersecting the predicted target mRNAs of seven miRNAs with 1,496 DEGs. The circRNA–miRNA–mRNA network and PPI network were constructed through six circRNAs, seven miRNAs, and 56 mRNAs; and four hub genes (YWHAZ, JAK2, MYH9, and RAP2C) were identified. The circRNA–miRNA–hub gene regulatory subnetwork with nine regulatory axes was formed in RIF. Functional enrichment analysis and reactome analysis showed that these four hub genes were closely related to the biological functions and pathways of RIF. Conclusion: The results of this study provide further understanding of the potential pathogenesis from the perspective of circRNA-related competitive endogenous RNA network in RIF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahuan Luo
- Clinical Medical College, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali, China.,Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Ning Zhou
- Clinical Medical College, Dali University, Dali, China
| | | | - Lirong Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali, China.,Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Ruopeng Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali, China.,Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Dali University, Dali, China
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16
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Qin X, Zhou M, Lv H, Mao X, Li X, Guo H, Li L, Xing H. Long noncoding RNA LINC00657 inhibits cervical cancer development by sponging miR-20a-5p and targeting RUNX3. Cancer Lett 2021; 498:130-141. [PMID: 33129959 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs act essential regulators in cervical cancer progression. Our study aimed to investigate the underlying function and molecular mechanisms of LINC00657 in cervical cancer. QRT-PCR results indicated that LINC00657 was significantly decreased in cervical cancer. Gain-and loss-of-function experiments were performed in SiHa and HeLa. Functional assays demonstrated that LINC00657 inhibited cervical cancer cell growth, migration and invasion. Moreover, miR-20a-5p was confirmed as a target of LINC00657. Furthermore, miR-20a-5p promoted the development of cervical cancer via targeting RUNX3. DR5 acts as a vital promoter in activating NK cells and is a downstream target of RUNX3. We found that LINC00657 overexpression promoted the cytotoxic activity of NK cells via regulating RUNX3/DR5 axis. Therefore, LINC00657 suppressed cervical cancer progression via inducing miR-20a-5p/RUNX3/DR5 mediated NK cell tolerance. In conclusion, LINC00657 was identified as a novel tumor-suppressor in cervical cancer and could function as a potential therapeutic target for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Qin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Huabing Lv
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaogang Mao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Xianxian Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Hong Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China.
| | - Hui Xing
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China.
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17
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Guo W, Zheng X, Hua L, Zheng X, Zhang Y, Sun B, Tao Z, Gao J. Screening and bioinformatical analysis of differentially expressed genes in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. J Cancer 2021; 12:1867-1883. [PMID: 33753985 PMCID: PMC7974527 DOI: 10.7150/jca.48979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To identify differentially expressed genes via bioinformatical analysis for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and explore potential biomarkers for NPC. Methods: We downloaded the NPC gene expression datasets (GSE40290, GSE53819) and obtained differentially expressed genes (DEGs) via GEO2R. Functional analysis of DEGs was performed by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. In order to explore the interaction of DEGs and screen the core genes, we established protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Then the expression level, prognostic and diagnostic analysis of the core genes in NPC were performed to reveal their potential effects on NPC. Furthermore, we obtained the transcription factors (TF) and microRNAs of core genes to construct the coregulatory network. Results: We obtained 124 up-regulated genes and 190 down-regulated genes in total. These genes were found to be related to signal transduction, extracellular matrix organization and cell adhesion based on GO analysis. KEGG analysis revealed that the NF-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway, pathways in cancer were mainly enriched signaling pathways. 25 core genes were obtained by constructing PPI network. Then the high expression of 10 core genes in NPC were verified via GEPIA, Oncomine databases and laboratory experiments. The TF-microRNA coregulatory network of the 10 core genes was built. Survival and diagnostic analysis indicated that SPP1 had negative influence on the prognosis of NPC patients based on two datasets and nine up-regulated core genes (FN1, MMP1, MMP3, PLAU, PLAUR, SERPINE1, SPP1, COL8A1, COL10A1) might be diagnostic markers for NPC. Conclusions: Core genes of NPC were screened out by bioinformatical analysis in the present study and these genes may serve as prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers for NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqian Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Xiaomin Zheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Lei Hua
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230001, China
| | | | - Yangyang Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Bin Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Zhenchao Tao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Jin Gao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230001, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230031, China
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18
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Parol M, Gzil A, Bodnar M, Grzanka D. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the prognostic significance of microRNAs related to metastatic and EMT process among prostate cancer patients. J Transl Med 2021; 19:28. [PMID: 33413466 PMCID: PMC7788830 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02644-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of tumor cells to spread from their origin place and form secondary tumor foci is determined by the epithelial-mesenchymal transition process. In epithelial tumors such as prostate cancer (PCa), the loss of intercellular interactions can be observed as a change in expression of polarity proteins. Epithelial cells acquire ability to migrate, what leads to the formation of distal metastases. In recent years, the interest in miRNA molecules as potential future treatment options has increased. In tumor microenvironment, miRNAs have the ability to regulate signal transduction pathways, where they can act as suppressors or oncogenes. MiRNAs are secreted by cancer cells, and the changes in their expression levels are closely related to a cancer progression, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition. These molecules offer new diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities. Therapeutics which make use of synthesized RNA fragments and mimic or block miRNAs affected in PCa, may lead to inhibition of tumor progression and even disease re-emission. Based on appropriate qualification criteria, we conducted a selection process to identify scientific articles describing miRNAs and their relation to epithelial-mesenchymal transition in PCa patients. The studies were published in English on Pubmed, Scopus and the Web of Science before August 08, 2019. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) as well as total Gleason score were used to assess the concordance between miRNAs and presence of metastases. A total of 13 studies were included in our meta-analysis, representing 1608 PCa patients and 15 miRNA molecules. Our study clarifies a relationship between the clinicopathological features of PCa and the aberrant expression of several miRNA as well as the complex mechanism of miRNA molecules involvement in the induction and promotion of the metastatic mechanism in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Parol
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 9 Curie-Sklodowskiej Street, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Gzil
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 9 Curie-Sklodowskiej Street, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Bodnar
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 9 Curie-Sklodowskiej Street, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Dariusz Grzanka
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 9 Curie-Sklodowskiej Street, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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19
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Gong Y, Wei Z, Liu J. MiRNA-1225 Inhibits Osteosarcoma Tumor Growth and Progression by Targeting YWHAZ. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:15-27. [PMID: 33442263 PMCID: PMC7797335 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s282485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Osteosarcoma is the most common bone tumor and is characterized by the presence of malignant mesenchymal cells produced in the bone stroma. MiRNAs are known to function as post-transcriptional negative regulators of gene expression. Emerging evidence showed that miR-1225-5P functions as a tumor suppressor in several types of cancers. The detailed mechanisms of which miR-1225-5P suppresses tumor growth are not fully understood. The objective of the present study was to test the hypothesis that miR-1225-5P inhibits osteosarcoma cell growth in vitro and tumor growth in vivo by targeting YWHAZ expression. Methods Real-time PCR and Western blot were carried out to test the expression of miR-1225-5P and YWHAZ in osteosarcoma cell lines. Luciferase assay was used to demonstrate whether miR-1225-5P targets YWHAZ 3ʹ UTR. To assess the function of miR-1225-5P in human osteosarcoma cell lines, gain-of-function and loss-of-function of miR-1225-5P were performed by transfecting miR-1225-5P mimic or miR-1225-5P inhibitor into osteosarcoma cell lines. Furthermore, cell cycle analysis was performed to elucidate the possible mechanisms of the action of miR-1225-5P and YWHAZ in human osteosarcoma cells. The potential therapeutic effect of miR-1225-5p was tested in human osteosarcoma xenograft mouse model, by intravenous injection of miR-1225-5P into nude mice. Tumor sizes were measured and lung metastasis was counted after the mice were sacrificed. Results The expression of miR-1225-5P was inversely correlated with the expression of YWHAZ in human osteosarcoma cell lines. Database search revealed that miR-1225-5P targeted YWHAZ 3ʹ UTR. Transfection of miR-1225-5P mimic downregulated YWHAZ expression, which was demonstrated by real-time PCR, Western blot and luciferase assay. Over-expression of miR-1225-5P reduced human osteosarcoma cell growth, migration and invasion by downregulating YWHAZ expression. Cell growth, migration and invasion were increased by inhibiting miR-1225-5P in human osteosarcoma cells. The inhibition of cell growth, migration and invasion was rescued by over-expression of YWHAZ in osteosarcoma cells. Cell cycle analysis revealed that miR-1225-5P inhibited G1/G0 phase exit. In vivo xenograft model demonstrated that miR-1225-5P inhibited in vivo osteosarcoma tumor growth and lung metastasis. Conclusion Our findings suggested that miR-1225-5P inhibits osteosarcoma cell growth in vitro and tumor growth in vivo by targeting YWHAZ. This study suggested that miR-1225-5P can serve as a potential therapeutic method for treating osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubao Gong
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengren Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China
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20
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Yin SJ, Lee JR, Hahn MJ, Yang JM, Qian GY, Park YD. Tyrosinase-mediated melanogenesis in melanoma cells: Array comparative genome hybridization integrating proteomics and bioinformatics studies. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 170:150-163. [PMID: 33359255 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the tyrosinase-associated melanogenesis in melanoma cells by using OMICS techniques. We characterized the chromosome copy numbers, including Chr 11q21 where the tyrosinase gene is located, from several melanoma cell lines (TXM13, G361, and SK-MEL-28) by using array CGH. We revealed that 11q21 is stable in TXM13 cells, which is directly related to a spontaneous high melanin pigment production. Meanwhile, significant loss of copy number of 11q21 was found in G361 and SK-MEL-28. We further profiled the proteome of TXM13 cells by LC-ESI-MSMS and detected more than 900 proteins, then predicted 11 hub proteins (YWHAZ; HSP90AA1; HSPA5; HSPA1L; HSPA9; HSP90B1; HSPA1A; HSPA8; FKSG30; ACTB; DKFZp686DQ972) by using an interactomic algorithm. YWHAZ (25% interaction in the network) is thought to be a most important protein as a linking factor between tyrosinase-triggered melanogenesis and melanoma growth. Bioinformatic tools were further applied for revealing various physiologic mechanisms and functional classification. The results revealed clues for the spontaneous pigmentation capability of TXM13 cells, contrary to G361 and SK-MEL-28 cells, which commonly have depigmentation properties during subculture. Our study comparatively conducted the genome-wide screening and proteomic profiling integrated interactomics prediction for TXM13 cells and suggests new insights for studying both melanogenesis and melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Jun Yin
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, PR China
| | - Jae-Rin Lee
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Myong-Joon Hahn
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jun-Mo Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 135-710, South Korea
| | - Guo-Ying Qian
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, PR China.
| | - Yong-Doo Park
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, PR China; Skin Diseases Research Center, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, 705 Yatai Road, Jiaxing 314006, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, 705 Yatai Road, Jiaxing 314006, PR China.
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21
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Yang T, Guo Q, Li D, Bai G, Sun H, Wang W. MicroRNA-802 Suppresses Tumorigenesis of Colorectal Cancer via Regulating UBN2. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:11219-11230. [PMID: 33177873 PMCID: PMC7649241 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s267345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The initiation and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) are a multistep complex process regulated by multiple factors. Previous evidence indicated that microRNA-802 (miR-802) participated in tumorigenesis of numerous solid cancers; however, the potential roles and underlying mechanisms of miR‑802 in CRC still need further exploration. METHODS Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was employed to evaluate miR-802 levels in human CRC tissues and cell lines. In vitro proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion assays, and in vivo subcutaneous mouse xenograft model were utilized to examine the effects of miR-802 on the malignant behaviors of CRC cells. Then, bioinformatics prediction, dual-luciferase reporter, qRT-PCR, and Western blot was conducted to confirm the down-stream target of miR-802. RESULTS MiR-802 was frequently down-regulated in CRC tissues and cells. Further analyses showed that the low expression of miR-802 in CRC tissues was significantly correlated with tumor progression and poor patients' prognosis. Overexpression of miR-802 profoundly inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion but promoted apoptosis of CRC cells, by contrast, miR-802 silencing exhibited opposite effects in vitro. Further animal experiment demonstrated that miR-802 could suppress tumor growth via inhibiting the proliferation and promoting the apoptosis of CRC cells in vivo. Mechanistically, miR-802 functioned as a tumor suppressor through inhibiting the expression of Ubinuclein-2 (UBN2) on post-transcriptional level. Moreover, upregulation of UBN2 expression could reverse the biological effects of CRC cells induced by miR-802 overexpression. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that miR-802 inhibits the proliferation, migration and invasion while promotes the apoptosis of CRC cells via directly suppressing UBN2 expression. These findings provide a promising biomarker and potential treatment target for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuying Guo
- Operating Room, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongsheng Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang Bai
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongzhi Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, People's Republic of China
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22
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Hui C, Tian L, He X. Circular RNA circNHSL1 Contributes to Gastric Cancer Progression Through the miR-149-5p/YWHAZ Axis. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:7117-7130. [PMID: 32848466 PMCID: PMC7429192 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s253152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer (GC) is a considerable health burden around the world. Circular RNA Nance-Horan syndrome-like 1 (circNHSL1) is reported to be highly expressed in GC. Nevertheless, the function and molecule mechanism of circNHSL1 are still unclear. Methods The expression levels of circNHSL1, microRNA-149-5p (miR-149-5p) and YWHAZ were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The subcellular fractionation identified the remarkable cytoplasmic localization of circNHSL1. Cell migration and invasion were measured by transwell assays. The levels of glutamine, glutamate and α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) were assessed by the corresponding kit. The protein levels of CD63, CD9, CD81, alanine, serine, cysteine-preferring transporter 2 (ASCT2), glutaminase 1 (GLS1), and tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein zeta (YWHAZ) were detected by Western blot assay. The binding relationship between miR-149-5p and circNHSL1 or YWHAZ was predicted by starBase 3.0 and then verified by RNA pull-down and dual-luciferase reporter assays. Xenograft tumor model examined the biological role of circNHSL1 in vivo. Exosomes were examined by a transmission electron microscope and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). Results CircNHSL1 was highly expressed in GC cell-derived exosomes, GC tissues, and cells. Its knockdown impeded GC cell migration, invasion, and glutaminolysis. Mechanism analysis showed that circNHSL1 could affect YWHAZ expression by sponging miR-149-5p, thereby regulating GC progression. CircNHSL1 downregulation blocked GC tumor growth in vivo. Conclusion Our studies disclosed that circNHSL1 knockdown repressed migration, invasion, and glutaminolysis in vitro and inhibited tumor growth in vivo by miR-149-5p/YWHAZ axis in GC, implying an underlying circRNA-targeted therapy for GC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunying Hui
- The Third Digestive Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Tian
- The Third Digestive Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinling He
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, People's Republic of China
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Wang X, Shi J, Niu Z, Wang J, Zhang W. MiR-216a-3p regulates the proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion of lung cancer cells via targeting COPB2. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2020; 84:2014-2027. [PMID: 32619135 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2020.1783197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Effect of miR-216a-3p on lung cancer hasn't been investigated. Here, we explored its effects on lung cancer. MiR-216a-3p expression in lung cancer tissues and cells was detected by RT-qPCR. The target gene of miR-216a-3p was predicted by bioinformatics and confirmed by luciferase-reporter assay. After transfection, cell viability, migration, invasion, proliferation, and apoptosis were detected by MTT, scratch, transwell, colony formation, and flow cytometry. The expressions of COPB2 and apoptosis-related factors were detected by RT-qPCR or western blot. MiR-216a-3p was low-expressed and COPB2 was high-expressed in lung cancer tissues and cells. MiR-216a-3p targeted COPB2 and regulated its expression. MiR-216a-3p inhibited lung cancer cell viability, migration, invasion, and proliferation, while promoted apoptosis. Effect of miR-216a-3p on lung cancer was reversed by COPB2. MiR-216a-3p regulated proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion of lung cancer cells via targeting COPB2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College , Changzhi, Shanxi, China
| | - Jialun Shi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College , Changzhi, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhigao Niu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College , Changzhi, Shanxi, China
| | - Jianwu Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College , Changzhi, Shanxi, China
| | - Wenping Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College , Changzhi, Shanxi, China
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Liu Y, Xu J, Jiang M, Ni L, Ling Y. CircRNA DONSON contributes to cisplatin resistance in gastric cancer cells by regulating miR-802/BMI1 axis. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:261. [PMID: 32581651 PMCID: PMC7310092 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01358-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Circular RNA downstream neighbor of SON (circDONSON) has been revealed to promote gastric cancer (GC) growth and invasion, while the role and molecular mechanism underlying circDONSON in GC cisplatin (DDP) resistance remain unclear. Methods Levels of circDONSON, microRNA (miR)-802, and B lymphoma Mo-MLV insertion region 1 (BMI1) mRNA were detected using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Cell viability and apoptosis were measured by cell counting kit-8 assay, colony formation assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Protein levels of BMI1, Cyclin D1, p27, Caspase-3 Cleavage and Caspase-9 Cleavage were determined by western blot. The interaction between miR-802 and circDONSON or BMI1 was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. In vivo experiments were conducted via the murine xenograft model. Results CircDONSON was elevated in GC tissues and cell lines, especially in DDP-resistant GC tissues and cells. Knockdown of circDONSON sensitized GC cells to DDP by inhibiting cell viability and promoting cell apoptosis in vitro. Further mechanism-related investigations suggested that circDONSON functioned as “sponge” by competing for miR-802 binding to modulate its target BMI1. Silencing miR-802 reversed the inhibition of DDP-resistance in GC cells induced by circDONSON down-regulation. Besides, miR-802 alleviated DDP resistance in GC cells by targeting BMI1. Functionally, circDONSON knockdown enhanced the cytotoxicity of DDP in GC in vivo. Conclusion Our findings demonstrated circDONSON promoted cisplatin resistance in gastric cancer cells by regulating miR-802/BMI1 axis, shedding light on the development of a novel therapeutic strategy to overcome chemoresistance in gastric cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University (Changzhou Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University), No. 68, Honghe Road, Changzhou, 213000 Jiangsu China
| | - Jianzhong Xu
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University (Changzhou Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University), No. 68, Honghe Road, Changzhou, 213000 Jiangsu China
| | - Min Jiang
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University (Changzhou Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University), No. 68, Honghe Road, Changzhou, 213000 Jiangsu China
| | - Lingna Ni
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University (Changzhou Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University), No. 68, Honghe Road, Changzhou, 213000 Jiangsu China
| | - Yang Ling
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University (Changzhou Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University), No. 68, Honghe Road, Changzhou, 213000 Jiangsu China
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An Y, Zhang J, Cheng X, Li B, Tian Y, Zhang X, Zhao F. miR-454 suppresses the proliferation and invasion of ovarian cancer by targeting E2F6. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:237. [PMID: 32536825 PMCID: PMC7291497 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01300-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aberrant expression of microRNA-454 (miR-454) has been confirmed to be involved in the development of cancers. However, the functional role of miR-454 in the progression of ovarian cancer remains unclear. Methods The expression of miR-454 in ovarian cancer cells and serum of ovarian cancer patients was detected by RT-PCR. CCK8, colony formation, transwell, and flow cytometry assays were conducted to assess the effects of miR-454 on ovarian cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis, respectively. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to confirm the targeting relationship between miR-454 and E2F6. The expression pattern of E2F6 in ovarian cancer tissues was detected using immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay. The relative expression of related proteins was examined using western blot analysis. Results miR-454 was markedly down-regulated by hypoxia in ovarian cancer cells. Compared with normal samples, the expression of miR-454 was up-regulated in the serum of ovarian cancer patients, and correlated with the clinicopathological stages of ovarian cancer. Next, we found that miR-454 overexpression inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of OVCAR3 and SKOV3 cells, as well as promoted apoptosis. In addition, the Akt/mTOR and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway were inhibited by miR-454 in ovarian cancer cells. Mechanically, bioinformatic analysis and dual-luciferase reporter assay confirmed that E2F6 was a direct target of miR-454 and negatively regulated by miR-454 in ovarian cancer cells. Moreover, IHC analysis showed that E2F6 was highly expressed in ovarian cancer tissues. Finally, we found that the increasing cell proliferation and migration triggered by E2F6 overexpression were abolished by miR-454 overexpression. Conclusion Taken together, these results highlight the role of miR-454 as a tumor suppressor in ovarian cancer cells by targeting E2F6, indicating that miR-454 may be a potential diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhe An
- Department of Biotechnology, Beijing Center for Physical and Chemical Analysis, No. 27 Xisanhuan North Road, Beijing, 100089 China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Xiaoyan Cheng
- Department of Biotechnology, Beijing Center for Physical and Chemical Analysis, No. 27 Xisanhuan North Road, Beijing, 100089 China
| | - Baoming Li
- Department of Biotechnology, Beijing Center for Physical and Chemical Analysis, No. 27 Xisanhuan North Road, Beijing, 100089 China
| | - Yanjie Tian
- Department of Biotechnology, Beijing Center for Physical and Chemical Analysis, No. 27 Xisanhuan North Road, Beijing, 100089 China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Biotechnology, Beijing Center for Physical and Chemical Analysis, No. 27 Xisanhuan North Road, Beijing, 100089 China
| | - Fangqi Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029 China
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Role of microRNAs as Clinical Cancer Biomarkers for Ovarian Cancer: A Short Overview. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010169. [PMID: 31936634 PMCID: PMC7016727 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/1970] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer has the highest mortality rate among gynecological cancers. Early clinical signs are missing and there is an urgent need to establish early diagnosis biomarkers. MicroRNAs are promising biomarkers in this respect. In this paper, we review the most recent advances regarding the alterations of microRNAs in ovarian cancer. We have briefly described the contribution of miRNAs in the mechanisms of ovarian cancer invasion, metastasis, and chemotherapy sensitivity. We have also summarized the alterations underwent by microRNAs in solid ovarian tumors, in animal models for ovarian cancer, and in various ovarian cancer cell lines as compared to previous reviews that were only focused the circulating microRNAs as biomarkers. In this context, we consider that the biomarker screening should not be limited to circulating microRNAs per se, but rather to the simultaneous detection of the same microRNA alteration in solid tumors, in order to understand the differences between the detection of nucleic acids in early vs. late stages of cancer. Moreover, in vitro and in vivo models should also validate these microRNAs, which could be very helpful as preclinical testing platforms for pharmacological and/or molecular genetic approaches targeting microRNAs. The enormous quantity of data produced by preclinical and clinical studies regarding the role of microRNAs that act synergistically in tumorigenesis mechanisms that are associated with ovarian cancer subtypes, should be gathered, integrated, and compared by adequate methods, including molecular clustering. In this respect, molecular clustering analysis should contribute to the discovery of best biomarkers-based microRNAs assays that will enable rapid, efficient, and cost-effective detection of ovarian cancer in early stages. In conclusion, identifying the appropriate microRNAs as clinical biomarkers in ovarian cancer might improve the life quality of patients.
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