1
|
Peng L, Luo X, Cao B, Wang X. Exploring the link: Systemic immune-inflammation index as a marker in endometriosis-Insights from the NHANES 2001-2006 cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304591. [PMID: 38843259 PMCID: PMC11156273 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The systemic immuno-inflammatory index (SII), a novel immune marker of inflammation, has not been previously associated with endometriosis. The objective of this research is to explore the link between SII and the occurrence of endometriosis. METHODS Utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning 2001 to 2006, we screened and extracted relevant information from the population. Participants missing data on either SII or endometriosis were excluded. We divided the remaining cohort into quartiles based on SII levels: Q1 (SII < 249, n = 848), Q2 (249 ≤ SII < 604.55, n = 847), Q3 (604.55 ≤ SII < 825.35, n = 847), and Q4 (SII ≥ 852.35, n = 848). Multiple linear regression and smooth curve fitting techniques, were to evaluate the non-linear association between SII and endometriosis. RESULTS The study included 3,390 adults aged 20 to 55. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between SII and endometriosis [3.14, 95% CI (2.22, 4.45), P < 0.01]. This correlation was consistent across subgroups defined by marital status, poverty income ratio, BMI, alcohol consumption, and age at first menstrual period. However, the relationship between SII and endometriosis was significantly modified by age, education, and history of pregnancy in the stratified analyses. The curve fitting indicated an S-shaped curve, with an inflection point at SII = 1105.76. CONCLUSION The SII may serve as a predictive marker for endometriosis risk among women in the United States, offering a potentially simple and cost-effective approach. However, given the cross-sectional design of this investigation, further validation in prospective studies is necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Peng
- The Second People’s Hospital of Jingdezhen, Jingdezhen, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaohan Luo
- The Second People’s Hospital of Jingdezhen, Jingdezhen, Jiangxi, China
| | - Baodi Cao
- The Second People’s Hospital of Jingdezhen, Jingdezhen, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- The Second People’s Hospital of Jingdezhen, Jingdezhen, Jiangxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dymanowska-Dyjak I, Terpiłowska B, Morawska-Michalska I, Michalski A, Polak G, Terpiłowski M, Rahnama-Hezavah M, Grywalska E. Immune Dysregulation in Endometriomas: Implications for Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4802. [PMID: 38732021 PMCID: PMC11084867 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The most common manifestation of endometriosis, a condition characterized by the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside of the uterus, is the endometrioma, a cystic ovarian lesion. It is a commonly occurring condition associated with chronic pelvic pain exacerbated prior to and during menstruation, as well as infertility. The exact pathomechanisms of the endometrioma are still not fully understood. Emerging evidence suggests a pivotal role of immune dysregulation in the pathogenesis of endometriomas, primarily influencing both local and systemic inflammatory processes. Among the factors implicated in the creation of the inflammatory milieu associated with endometriomas, alterations in both serum and local levels of several cytokines stand out, including IL-6, IL-8, and IL-1β, along with abnormalities in the innate immune system. While numerous signaling pathways have been suggested to play a role in the inflammatory process linked to endometriomas, only NF-κB has been conclusively demonstrated to be involved. Additionally, increased oxidative stress, both resulting from and contributing to endometriomas, has been identified as a primary driver of both systemic and local inflammation associated with the condition. This article reviews the current understanding of immune dysfunctions in the endometrioma and their implications for inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Dymanowska-Dyjak
- Independent Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Gynecology and Gynecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (I.D.-D.); (G.P.)
| | - Barbara Terpiłowska
- Department of Gynecological Oncology and Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Izabela Morawska-Michalska
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (I.M.-M.); (A.M.)
| | - Adam Michalski
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (I.M.-M.); (A.M.)
| | - Grzegorz Polak
- Independent Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Gynecology and Gynecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (I.D.-D.); (G.P.)
| | - Michał Terpiłowski
- Department of Vascular Surgery and Angiology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Mansur Rahnama-Hezavah
- Chair and Department of Oral Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Ewelina Grywalska
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hosseinzadeh R, Moini A, Hosseini R, Fatehnejad M, Yekaninejad MS, Javidan M, Changaei M, Feizisani F, Rajaei S. A higher number of exhausted local PD1+, but not TIM3+, NK cells in advanced endometriosis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23294. [PMID: 38173487 PMCID: PMC10761348 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis (EMT) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the presence and growth of endometrial-like glandular epithelial and stromal cells outside the uterus. Natural Killer (NK) cell dysfunction/exhaustion has been shown in patients with EMT. In this case-control study, we compared the frequency of exhausted PD-1 or TIM-3 positive NK cells in peripheral blood (PB) and peritoneal fluid (PF) of women with advanced endometriosis to control fertile women. PB and PF were collected from women aged 25-40 who underwent the laparoscopic procedure, including 13 stages III/IV endometriosis and 13 control samples. Multicolor flowcytometry was used to compare the frequency of PD-1 or TIM-3 positive NK (CD3-CD56+) cells in PB and PF of two groups. We demonstrated a higher percentage of PD-1+ NK cells in the peritoneal fluid of patients with endometriosis rather than controls (P-value = 0.039). This significance was related to stage IV of endometriosis (P-value = 0.047). We can not show any significant difference in the number of PD-1 or TIM-3 positive NK cells in peripheral blood. Our results suggest a local exhausted NK cell response in endometriosis that can be a leading factor in the endometriosis pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashraf Moini
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Arash Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reyhaneh Hosseini
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Arash Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Fatehnejad
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Arash Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mir Saeed Yekaninejad
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Moslem Javidan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Changaei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Feizisani
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Sarab Faculty of Medical Sciences, Sarab, Iran
| | - Samira Rajaei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen LH, Lo WC, Huang HY, Wu HM. A Lifelong Impact on Endometriosis: Pathophysiology and Pharmacological Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087503. [PMID: 37108664 PMCID: PMC10139092 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with bothersome symptoms in premenopausal women and is complicated with long-term systemic impacts in the post-menopausal stage. It is generally defined by the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterine cavity, which causes menstrual disorders, chronic pelvic pain, and infertility. Endometriotic lesions can also spread and grow in extra-pelvic sites; the chronic inflammatory status can cause systemic effects, including metabolic disorder, immune dysregulation, and cardiovascular diseases. The uncertain etiologies of endometriosis and their diverse presentations limit the treatment efficacy. High recurrence risk and intolerable side effects result in poor compliance. Current studies for endometriosis have paid attention to the advances in hormonal, neurological, and immunological approaches to the pathophysiology and their potential pharmacological intervention. Here we provide an overview of the lifelong impacts of endometriosis and summarize the updated consensus on therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Hsuan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Che Lo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Yuan Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Ming Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zare Moghaddam M, Zare F, Sandoghsaz R, Khalili A, Shams A. Human V α 7.2-J α 33 mucosal-associated invariant T cells in endometrial ectopic tissues tend to produce interferon-gamma: A new player in endometriosis etiology: A case-control study. Int J Reprod Biomed 2023; 22:235-244. [PMID: 38868448 PMCID: PMC11165224 DOI: 10.18502/ijrm.v22i3.16168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Endometriosis is a chronic estrogen-related inflammatory disorder that is known by proliferating endometrial cells in a place outside the uterus. The high presence of immune cells in the peritoneal fluid of women with endometriosis confirms the involvement of the immune system in the pathogenesis of the disease. Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells play an undeniable impact on mucosal immunity by the production of interleukin-17, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. The function of the cells in the pathogenesis of endometriosis is less investigated. Objective This study aims to investigate the infiltration of MAIT cells by using the determination levels of V α 7.2-J α 33 gene expression in eutopic and ectopic tissue of endometriosis lesions. Materials and Methods In this case-control study, the tested samples include 20 eutopic and 20 ectopic tissues of women with endometriosis and 20 uterine endometrial tissues of women in the control group. Expressions of the V α 7.2-J α 33 tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-17A, and IFN-γ genes were analyzed by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Results According to the results, V α 7.2-J α 33 gene expression did not show substantial elevation in the uterine and eutopic endometrial tissues compared to internal gene control as well as in ectopic tissues. Correlation analysis approved a positive relationship between V α 7.2-J α 33 expression genes and IFN-γ levels in ectopic tissues. Conclusion Considering the low-expression specific gene of MAIT cells in ectopic tissue, it can be concluded that these cells are present in the endometriotic environment to a certain extent, and there is a possibility of their role in the progression of endometriosis by secreting IFN- γ .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Zare Moghaddam
- Department of Immunology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Fateme Zare
- Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Reyhane Sandoghsaz
- Abortion Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Abbas Khalili
- Department of Pediatrics, Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Ali Shams
- Department of Immunology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rodent Animal Models of Endometriosis-Associated Pain: Unmet Needs and Resources Available for Improving Translational Research in Endometriosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032422. [PMID: 36768741 PMCID: PMC9917069 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain induced by endometriosis is a maladaptive pain experienced by half of women with this disease. The lack of pharmacological treatments suitable for the long-term relief of endometriosis-associated pain, without an impact on fertility, remains an urgent unmet need. Progress has been slowed by the absence of a reproducible rodent endometriosis model that fully replicates human physiopathological characteristics, including pain symptoms. Although pain assessment in rodents is a complicated task requiring qualified researchers, the choice of the behavioral test is no less important, since selecting inappropriate tests can cause erroneous data. Pain is usually measured with reflex tests in which hypersensitivity is evaluated by applying a noxious stimulus, yet this ignores the associated emotional component that could be evaluated via non-reflex tests. We conducted a systematic review of endometriosis models used in rodents and the number of them that studied pain. The type of behavioral test used was also analyzed and classified according to reflex and non-reflex tests. Finally, we determined the most used reflex tests for the study of endometriosis-induced pain and the main non-reflex behavioral tests utilized in visceral pain that can be extrapolated to the study of endometriosis and complement traditional reflex tests.
Collapse
|
7
|
Mori-Yamanaka K, Kimura F, Nakamura A, Hanada T, Kitazawa J, Morimune A, Tsuji S, Murakami T. Exploratory Study of Serum Lactoferrin and Anti-Lactoferrin Antibody Concentrations in Patients with Endometriosis. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2023; 259:135-142. [PMID: 36476585 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.2022.j106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a disease that is characterized by the ectopic presence of the endometrium or its similar cells. A high prevalence of patients with autoimmune diseases has been reported among patients with endometriosis although the cause of endometriosis remained unknown. Recently, the anti-lactoferrin antibody is reported to be highly detected in autoimmune diseases. This study focused on lactoferrin and anti-lactoferrin antibodies to explore the pathology of endometriosis. Lactoferrin is a substance that regulates inflammation and is produced by neutrophils. Anti-lactoferrin antibody is a type of perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody. The serum lactoferrin and anti-lactoferrin antibody levels were compared among patients with or without endometriosis, revealing significantly higher levels in patients with endometriosis. Additionally, a decreased serum anti-lactoferrin antibody level was observed after surgical endometriosis resection. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis determined the reference values for the serum lactoferrin and anti-lactoferrin antibody levels. Patients whose serum level exceeded the reference anti-lactoferrin antibody value were significantly higher in more than 40% of cases in the endometriosis group. The rate is comparable to that of autoimmune diseases. This is the first report that anti-lactoferrin antibody is frequently observed in patients with endometriosis, adding a new perspective to the understanding of the pathology of endometriosis although precisely elucidating the mechanism by which lactoferrin and anti-lactoferrin antibody appear in endometriosis in the future is necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaya Mori-Yamanaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | - Fuminori Kimura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shiga University of Medical Science.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University
| | - Akiko Nakamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | - Tetsuro Hanada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | - Jun Kitazawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | - Aina Morimune
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | - Shunichiro Tsuji
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | - Takashi Murakami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shiga University of Medical Science
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mikuš M, Goldštajn MŠ, Brlečić I, Dumančić S, Laganà AS, Chiantera V, Vujić G, Ćorić M. CTLA4-Linked Autoimmunity in the Pathogenesis of Endometriosis and Related Infertility: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810902. [PMID: 36142815 PMCID: PMC9504308 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies, although with conflicting results, have sought to determine the concentration of soluble CTLA4 antigens in peripheral blood plasma and peritoneal fluid in patients with endometriosis-related infertility. A systematic review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) through a search of the following databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health, The Cochrane Library, Health Technology Assessment Database and Web of Science, and Clinical Trials research register. We included observational or prospective human and animal studies with any features related to endometriosis and/or infertility studies involving CTLA4-related pathogenesis published in English. The results of studies in which the size and characteristics of the observed groups were not stated were excluded. From the initial pool of 73 publications identified and screened, we finally included 5 articles to summarize the most recent knowledge about CTLA4-linked autoimmunity in the pathogenesis of endometriosis and related infertility. Evidence from clinical studies shows that CTLA4-based autoimmunity is involved in the maintenance of chronic inflammation in the peritoneal environment, with pre-clinical evidence of anti-CTLA antibodies as a potential novel target therapy for endometriosis. However, CTLA4 gene analyses do not support findings of CTLA4-linked autoimmunity as a primary determinant of the pathogenesis of endometriosis. These findings underlie the role of complex interactions within the family of immune checkpoint molecules involved. Further studies are needed to investigate the clinical relevance of anti-CTLA target therapy, taking into account the potential adverse events and repercussions of novel immunologic therapy modalities. However, with the general scarcity of studies investigating this topic, the clinical importance of CTLA4 autoimmunity still remains unclear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mislav Mikuš
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Hospital Center Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (A.S.L.); Tel.: +385-99-400-6639 (M.M. & A.S.L.)
| | - Marina Šprem Goldštajn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Hospital Center Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Brlečić
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdnice, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Stipe Dumančić
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Hospital Center Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Antonio Simone Laganà
- Unit of Gynecologic Oncology, ARNAS “Civico-Di Cristina-Benfratelli”, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (A.S.L.); Tel.: +385-99-400-6639 (M.M. & A.S.L.)
| | - Vito Chiantera
- Unit of Gynecologic Oncology, ARNAS “Civico-Di Cristina-Benfratelli”, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Goran Vujić
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Hospital Center Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mario Ćorić
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Hospital Center Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lukács L, Kovács AR, Pál L, Szűcs S, Lampé R. Evaluating the Phagocytic Index of Peripheral Leukocytes in Endometriosis by Plasma Experiments. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58070925. [PMID: 35888644 PMCID: PMC9316155 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58070925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Endometriosis is a benign, chronic disease, that negatively influences the quality of life of affected women and is responsible for a remarkable amount of infertility. The pathophysiology of the disease is still not clarified, but the insufficient immune surveillance plays a significant role in it. The phagocyte function of innate immune cells may play a role in the elimination of ectopic endometrium. The purpose of this study is to examine the phagocyte function of neutrophil granulocytes and monocytes, incubated in heat-inactivated and not-inactivated plasma samples from healthy women and from women with endometriosis before and after the surgical treatment. Materials and Methods: Blood samples were collected from eight preoperative and eight postoperative patients with endometriosis before and after the surgical treatment, and from 16 healthy patients as controls. Neutrophil granulocytes, monocytes and blood plasma samples were isolated. Cells were incubated in different plasma samples, and the phagocytic index was determined with a fluorescence microscope. Results: The phagocytic index of granulocytes and monocytes isolated from patients with endometriosis was significantly decreased compared to healthy women after the cells were incubated in their own plasma. Preoperatively isolated cells from patients with endometriosis demonstrated an improved phagocyte function after incubating them in plasma samples from healthy controls. In contrast, the phagocytic activity of cells from healthy women significantly reduced after being incubated in the plasma of preoperative endometriosis patients. The heat-inactivation of plasma samples did not affect the results. Conclusions: Active endometriosis lesions may produce heat-stable systemic immunomodulatory factors, which reduced the phagocyte function of peripheral monocytes and neutrophil granulocytes. The phagocyte function of these cells can be normalized after the complete surgical removal of endometriosis, which then demonstrates similar values as in healthy women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Lukács
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4031 Debrecen, Hungary; (L.L.); (A.R.K.)
| | - Anna Rebeka Kovács
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4031 Debrecen, Hungary; (L.L.); (A.R.K.)
| | - László Pál
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4028 Debrecen, Hungary; (L.P.); (S.S.)
| | - Sándor Szűcs
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4028 Debrecen, Hungary; (L.P.); (S.S.)
| | - Rudolf Lampé
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4031 Debrecen, Hungary; (L.L.); (A.R.K.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Endometriosis: A Disease with Few Direct Treatment Options. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134034. [PMID: 35807280 PMCID: PMC9268675 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a gynecological condition characterized by the growth of endometrium-like tissues inside and outside the pelvic cavity. The evolution of the disease can lead to infertility in addition to high treatment costs. Currently, available medications are only effective in treating endometriosis-related pain; however, it is not a targeted treatment. The objective of this work is to review the characteristics of the disease, the diagnostic means and treatments available, as well as to discuss new therapeutic options.
Collapse
|