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Huang M, Xu G, Li M, Yang M. Bisphenol A and bisphenol AF co-exposure induced apoptosis of human ovarian granulosa cells via mitochondrial dysfunction. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 191:114894. [PMID: 39074574 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a synthetic chemical primarily utilized in the manufacturing of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins that are present in various consumer products. While the BPA impacts on female reproductive toxicity have been widely investigated, very little is currently identified about the mixed toxicity of BPA and bisphenol AF (BPAF), another common BPA derivative that is used in many industrial applications. In this study, we assessed the effect of co-exposure of BPA (30 and 50 μM) and BPAF (3 and 5 μM) on mitochondrial dysfunction in human granulosa cells (KGN cells) for 24 h. Our results exhibited that high-concentration bisphenol individual or their mixture exposure of KGN cells induced significant mitochondrial dysfunction by reducing mitochondrial mass, reducing ATP production, and damaging the mitochondrial respiratory chain. In addition, we found that the combination of BPA and BPAF significantly induced mitochondrial stress by increasing calcium levels and the production of ROS in mitochondria. Mitochondrial stress induced by BPA and BPAF was determined to be a mechanism that promoted cell apoptosis after pretreating the cells with the mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant and the calcium chelator. Our results provide novel evidence of the cytotoxicity of mixtures of different bisphenol compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingquan Huang
- Sichuan Treatment Center for Gynaecologic and Breast Diseases (Breast Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Guofeng Xu
- Inflammation & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Mi Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, School of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Meng Yang
- Inflammation & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
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Yang Y, Tang L, Xiao Y, Huang W, Gao M, Xie J, Yang M, Wu Y, Fu X. miR-21-5p-loaded bone mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes repair ovarian function in autoimmune premature ovarian insufficiency by targeting MSX1. Reprod Biomed Online 2024; 48:103815. [PMID: 38582043 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2024.103815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION What is the effect of micro-RNA (miR)-21-5p-loaded bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (miR-21-Exo) on autoimmune premature ovarian insufficiency (POI)? DESIGN The Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK8) assay, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, western blotting, quantitative reverse transcriptase (qRT)-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) verified the effect of miR-21-Exo on interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-induced KGN cells. qRT-PCR, western blotting and dual-luciferase reporter gene assays verified that miR-21-Exo mediated Msh homeobox 1 (MSX1) regulation of the Notch signalling pathway and that miR-21 interacted directly with MSX1. The effects of miR-21-Exo on the ovaries were verified by monitoring of the oestrous cycle, haematoxylin and eosin staining, follicle counts, ELISA, immunohistochemistry, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL), western blotting and qRT-PCR. RESULTS The results showed that miR-21-Exo promoted IFN-γ-induced KGN cell proliferation and hormone synthesis, and inhibited apoptosis. Using dual-luciferase reporter gene assays, miR-21 and MSX1 were shown to have direct interactions. Moreover, the findings elucidated that miR-21-Exo inhibited cell apoptosis and promoted hormone synthesis by mediating MSX1 to regulate the Notch signalling pathway. miR-21-Exo restored the ovarian structure in a mouse model of autoimmune POI, promoted endocrine function and proliferation, and inhibited apoptosis and inflammation in vivo. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that miR-21-Exo regulates the MSX1-mediated Notch signalling pathway to inhibit granulosa cell apoptosis and improve hormone synthesis function, providing insight into a potential mechanism of molecular therapy for the treatment of autoimmune POI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lichao Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanling Xiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wujia Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Meng Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaxin Xie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingxin Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanhong Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiafei Fu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Delaroche L, Besnard L, Ouary V, Bazin F, Cassuto G. Disposables used cumulatively in routine IVF procedures could display toxicity. Hum Reprod 2024; 39:936-954. [PMID: 38438162 PMCID: PMC11063546 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deae028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is there a cumulative toxicity of disposables used in IVF procedures? SUMMARY ANSWER A toxicity may be detected when consumables are used cumulatively, while no toxicity is detected when the same consumables are used and tested individually. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Many components of items used in IVF laboratories may impair human embryonic development. Consequently, it is necessary to screen all reagents and materials which could be in contact with gametes and embryos. Toxicity tests, such as the mouse embryo assay and the human sperm motility assay (HSMA), are used by manufacturers as quality control tools to demonstrate the safety of their products. This evaluation is currently individually performed for each single consumable. However, during an IVF cycle, several devices are used sequentially, potentially creating a cumulative exposure to chemical contaminants, which could not be detected for individually tested consumables. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION The objective of this observational study conducted from March 2021 to October 2022 was to evaluate with the HSMA methodology if there was a cumulative toxicity when several disposables are sequentially used. Fourteen categories of consumables currently used in routine IVF procedures were studied, which included devices used for sperm and oocyte collection (cups, condoms, and oocyte aspiration needles), manipulation (flasks, tubes, tips, pipettes, embryo transfer catheters, syringes, and gloves), culture (dishes), and storage (straws). PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS After obtaining patient consent, the surplus semen assessed as having normal parameters according to the World Health Organization 2010 criteria were used to perform the HSMAs. First, each consumable was tested individually. Then, associations of three, four, and five consumables, previously validated as non-toxic when tested individually, were analyzed. HSMAs were conducted three times to ensure reproducibility, with a defined toxicity threshold of a sperm motility index (SMI) below 0.85 in at least two of three tests. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Thirty-six references of disposables were first individually tested across 53 lots. Forty-nine (92%) demonstrated compliance. However, four (8%) devices revealed toxicity: one lot of 1 ml syringes, two lots of sperm cups, and one lot of 25 cm2 flasks. These four references were excluded from the IVF routine procedures. A total of 48 combinations of consumables were assessed, involving 41 lots from 32 references that were previously individually tested. Among the evaluated combinations, 17 out of 48 (35%) associations exhibited toxicity with a SMI below 0.85 for two of the three tests (n = 8) or all the three tests (n = 9). Notably, three out of 17 (18%) of the three-consumable associations, five out of 16 (31%) of the four-consumable associations, and nine out of 15 (60%) of the five-consumable associations were found not compliant. The toxicity did not originate from a single consumable, because only consumables that were individually pre-validated as non-toxic were included in the combinations, but the toxicity had a cumulative origin. The risk of cumulative toxicity increased with the number of consumables included in the association (Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel statistic, P = 0.013). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The high proportion of non-compliant combinations of disposables can be attributed directly to the extreme rigorous extraction conditions employed during the tests, which could deviate from the conditions encountered in routine clinical use. Also, the methodology employed in the HSMAs (e.g. toxicity extraction duration, sperm concentrations, and protein supplementation of the medium) can influence the sensitivity of the tests. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS This study highlights the significance of performing toxicity testing on devices before introducing them into clinical practice. Disposables should be tested individually to detect immediate toxicities and also in combination. Our results advocate rationalizing the number of consumables used in each IVF procedure and re-evaluating the use of glass consumables. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study received fundings from GCS Ramsay Santé pour l'Enseignement et la Recherche (Paris, France) and the Centre de Biologie Médicale BIOGROUP (Le Chesnay-Rocquencourt, France). The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest that could be perceived as prejudicing the impartiality of the reported research. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Delaroche
- Ramsay Santé, Hôpital Privé de Parly 2, Institut Fertilité Maternité Parly 2, Le Chesnay-Rocquencourt, France
- Centre de Biologie Médicale BIOGROUP, Hôpital Privé de Parly 2, Le Chesnay-Rocquencourt, France
| | - Lucile Besnard
- Centre de Biologie Médicale BIOGROUP, Hôpital Privé de Parly 2, Le Chesnay-Rocquencourt, France
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Lebachelier de la Riviere ME, Wu L, Gayet M, Bousquet M, Buron C, Vignault C, Téteau O, Desmarchais A, Maillard V, Uzbekova S, Guérif F, Lacroix M, Papillier P, Jarrier-Gaillard P, Binet A, Elis S. Cumulative and potential synergistic effects of seven different bisphenols on human granulosa cells in vitro? ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 330:121818. [PMID: 37182577 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol (BP) structural analogues of BPA are widely used. Previous studies showed similar effects of BPA and BPS on reproduction in several species including human. We hypothesised that the similar effects of several bisphenols (BPs) could accumulate in granulosa cells (GCs) and affects steroidogenesis. This study investigated the effects of seven BP analogues and their equimolar cocktail on human granulosa cells (hGC) and assessed BPA, BPS, BPF and BPAF level exposures in the follicular fluid of 277 women undergoing Assisted Reproductive Technology. The hGCs were recovered after women oocyte punctures and treated with the seven BP analogues (BPS, BPA, BPAF, BPF, BPAP, BPE and BPB) or their equimolar cocktail of 7 × 1.43 or 7 × 7.14 μM for each of the seven BPs, the sum of BPs reaching 10 ("∑BPs 10 μM"), or 50 μM ("∑BPs 50 μM"), respectively. Oestradiol and progesterone secretion, cell proliferation, viability and expression of steroidogenic enzymes were investigated. Progesterone secretion was decreased by 6 BPs 10 μM and the cocktail "∑BPs 10 μM", (-17.8 to -41.3%) and by all seven BPs 50 μM and "∑BPs 50 μM" (-21.8 to -84.2%). Oestradiol secretion was decreased only by 50 μM BPAF and BPAP (-37.8% and -44%, respectively), with corresponding decreases in CYP17A1 and CYP19A1 gene expression. Cellular proliferation was decreased after treatment with 50 μM BPAF (-32.2%), BPAP (-29%), BPB (-24%) and the equimolar cocktail "∑BPs 50 μM" (-33.1%). BPB (50 μM) and the cocktail "∑BPs 50 μM" increased HSD3B2 mRNA expression. At least one BP was detected in 64 of 277 (23.1%) women follicular fluids. Similar effects of the seven BPs or their cocktail were observed on progesterone secretion and/or on cell proliferation, suggesting cumulative effects of BPs. Our results highlight the urge to consider all BPs simultaneously and to further investigate the potential additive or synergistic effects of several BPs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luyao Wu
- PRC, CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Manon Gayet
- PRC, CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Marie Bousquet
- PRC, CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Charlotte Buron
- PRC, CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Claire Vignault
- PRC, CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Ophélie Téteau
- PRC, CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Alice Desmarchais
- PRC, CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Virginie Maillard
- PRC, CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Svetlana Uzbekova
- PRC, CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Fabrice Guérif
- PRC, CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France; Service de Médecine et Biologie de la Reproduction, CHRU de Tours, 37000, Tours, France
| | - Marlène Lacroix
- Therapeutic Innovations and Resistance (INTHERES), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Pascal Papillier
- PRC, CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | | | - Aurélien Binet
- PRC, CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France; Service de Chirurgie Pédiatrique, CHU Poitiers, Université de Poitiers, 86000, Poitiers, France
| | - Sebastien Elis
- PRC, CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France.
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